Geospatial Assessment of Climatic Variability and Aridity in Katsina State, Nigeria
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NIMC FRONT-END PARTNERS' ENROLMENT CENTRES (Ercs) - AS at 15TH MAY, 2021
NIMC FRONT-END PARTNERS' ENROLMENT CENTRES (ERCs) - AS AT 15TH MAY, 2021 For other NIMC enrolment centres, visit: https://nimc.gov.ng/nimc-enrolment-centres/ S/N FRONTEND PARTNER CENTER NODE COUNT 1 AA & MM MASTER FLAG ENT LA-AA AND MM MATSERFLAG AGBABIAKA STR ILOGBO EREMI BADAGRY ERC 1 LA-AA AND MM MATSERFLAG AGUMO MARKET OKOAFO BADAGRY ERC 0 OG-AA AND MM MATSERFLAG BAALE COMPOUND KOFEDOTI LGA ERC 0 2 Abuchi Ed.Ogbuju & Co AB-ABUCHI-ED ST MICHAEL RD ABA ABIA ERC 2 AN-ABUCHI-ED BUILDING MATERIAL OGIDI ERC 2 AN-ABUCHI-ED OGBUJU ZIK AVENUE AWKA ANAMBRA ERC 1 EB-ABUCHI-ED ENUGU BABAKALIKI EXP WAY ISIEKE ERC 0 EN-ABUCHI-ED UDUMA TOWN ANINRI LGA ERC 0 IM-ABUCHI-ED MBAKWE SQUARE ISIOKPO IDEATO NORTH ERC 1 IM-ABUCHI-ED UGBA AFOR OBOHIA RD AHIAZU MBAISE ERC 1 IM-ABUCHI-ED UGBA AMAIFEKE TOWN ORLU LGA ERC 1 IM-ABUCHI-ED UMUNEKE NGOR NGOR OKPALA ERC 0 3 Access Bank Plc DT-ACCESS BANK WARRI SAPELE RD ERC 0 EN-ACCESS BANK GARDEN AVENUE ENUGU ERC 0 FC-ACCESS BANK ADETOKUNBO ADEMOLA WUSE II ERC 0 FC-ACCESS BANK LADOKE AKINTOLA BOULEVARD GARKI II ABUJA ERC 1 FC-ACCESS BANK MOHAMMED BUHARI WAY CBD ERC 0 IM-ACCESS BANK WAAST AVENUE IKENEGBU LAYOUT OWERRI ERC 0 KD-ACCESS BANK KACHIA RD KADUNA ERC 1 KN-ACCESS BANK MURTALA MOHAMMED WAY KANO ERC 1 LA-ACCESS BANK ACCESS TOWERS PRINCE ALABA ONIRU STR ERC 1 LA-ACCESS BANK ADEOLA ODEKU STREET VI LAGOS ERC 1 LA-ACCESS BANK ADETOKUNBO ADEMOLA STR VI ERC 1 LA-ACCESS BANK IKOTUN JUNCTION IKOTUN LAGOS ERC 1 LA-ACCESS BANK ITIRE LAWANSON RD SURULERE LAGOS ERC 1 LA-ACCESS BANK LAGOS ABEOKUTA EXP WAY AGEGE ERC 1 LA-ACCESS -
Report of the Technical Committee Om
REPORT OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF SHARIA IN KATSINA STATE January 2000 Contents: Volume I: Main Report Chapter One: Preliminary Matters Preamble Terms of Reference Modus Operandi Chapter Two: Consideration of Various Sections of the Constitution in Relation to Application of Sharia A. Section 4(6) B. Section 5(2) C. Section 6(2) D. Section 10 E. Section 38 F. Section 275(1) G. Section 277 Chapter Three: Observations and Recommendations 1. General Observations 2. Specific Recommendations 3. General Recommendations Conclusion Appendix A: List of all the Groups, Associations, Institutions and Individuals Contacted by the Committee Volume II: Verbatim Proceedings Zone 1: Funtua: Funtua, Bakori, Danja, Faskari, Dandume and Sabuwa Zone 2: Malumfashi: Malumfashi, Kafur, Kankara and Musawa Zone 3: Dutsin-Ma: Dutsin-Ma, Danmusa, Batsari, Kurfi and Safana Zone 4: Kankia: Kankia, Ingawa, Kusada and Matazu Zone 5: Daura: Daura, Baure, Zango, Mai’adua and Sandamu Zone 6: Mani: Mani, Mashi, Dutsi and Bindawa Zone 7: Katsina: Katsina, Kaita, Rimi, Jibia, Charanchi and Batagarawa 1 Ostien: Sharia Implementation in Northern Nigeria 1999-2006: A Sourcebook: Supplement to Chapter 2 REPORT OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON APPLICATION OF SHARIA IN KATSINA STATE VOLUME I: MAIN REPORT CHAPTER ONE Preamble The Committee was inaugurated on the 20th October, 1999 by His Excellency, the Governor of Katsina State, Alhaji Umaru Musa Yar’adua, at the Council Chambers, Government House. In his inaugural address, the Governor gave four point terms of reference to the Committee. He urged members of the Committee to work towards realising the objectives for which the Committee was set up. -
IOM Nigeria DTM Flash Report NCNW 37 (31 January 2021)
FLASH REPORT #37: POPULATION DISPLACEMENT DTM North West/North Central Nigeria Nigeria 25 - 31 JANUARY 2021 Casualties: Movement Trigger: 160 Individuals 9 Individuals Armed attacks OVERVIEW The crisis in Nigeria’s North Central and North West zones, which involves long-standing tensions between NIGER REPUBLIC ethnic and religious groups; attacks by criminal Kaita Mashi Mai'adua Jibia groups; and banditry/hirabah (such as kidnapping and Katsina Daura Zango Dutsi Faskari Batagarawa Mani Rimi Safana grand larceny along major highways) led to a fresh Batsari Baure Bindawa wave of population displacement. 134 Kurfi Charanchi Ingawa Sandamu Kusada Dutsin-Ma Kankia Following these events, a rapid assessment was Katsina Matazu conducted by DTM (Displacement Tracking Matrix) Dan Musa Jigawa Musawa field staff between 25 and 31 January 2021, with the Kankara purpose of informing the humanitarian community Malumfashi Katsina Kano Faskari Kafur and government partners in enabling targeted Bakori response. Flash reports utilise direct observation and Funtua Dandume Danja a broad network of key informants to gather represen- Sabuwa tative data and collect information on the number, profile and immediate needs of affected populations. NIGERIA Latest attacks affected 160 individuals, including 14 injuries and 9 fatalities, in Makurdi LGA of Benue State and Faskari LGA of Katsina State. The attacks caused Kaduna people to flee to neighbouring localities. SEX (FIG. 1) Plateau Federal Capital Territory 39% Nasarawa X Affected Population 61% Male Makurdi International border Female 26 State Guma Agatu Benue Makurdi LGA Apa Gwer West Tarka Oturkpo Gwer East Affected LGAs Gboko Ohimini Konshisha Ushongo The map is for illustration purposes only. -
Nigeria's Constitution of 1999
PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:42 constituteproject.org Nigeria's Constitution of 1999 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:42 Table of contents Preamble . 5 Chapter I: General Provisions . 5 Part I: Federal Republic of Nigeria . 5 Part II: Powers of the Federal Republic of Nigeria . 6 Chapter II: Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy . 13 Chapter III: Citizenship . 17 Chapter IV: Fundamental Rights . 20 Chapter V: The Legislature . 28 Part I: National Assembly . 28 A. Composition and Staff of National Assembly . 28 B. Procedure for Summoning and Dissolution of National Assembly . 29 C. Qualifications for Membership of National Assembly and Right of Attendance . 32 D. Elections to National Assembly . 35 E. Powers and Control over Public Funds . 36 Part II: House of Assembly of a State . 40 A. Composition and Staff of House of Assembly . 40 B. Procedure for Summoning and Dissolution of House of Assembly . 41 C. Qualification for Membership of House of Assembly and Right of Attendance . 43 D. Elections to a House of Assembly . 45 E. Powers and Control over Public Funds . 47 Chapter VI: The Executive . 50 Part I: Federal Executive . 50 A. The President of the Federation . 50 B. Establishment of Certain Federal Executive Bodies . 58 C. Public Revenue . 61 D. The Public Service of the Federation . 63 Part II: State Executive . 65 A. Governor of a State . 65 B. Establishment of Certain State Executive Bodies . -
Analysis of Crime in Katsina Metropolitan Area, Katsina State
ANALYSIS OF CRIME IN KATSINA METROPOLITAN AREA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA BY Ahmed Barde, ABDULLAHI B.Sc (A.B.U. Zaria) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA NOVEMBER, 2018 ANALYSIS OF CRIME IN KATSINA METROPOLITAN AREA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA BY Ahmed Barde, ABDULLAHI B.Sc (A.B.U. Zaria) P16PSGS8540 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA NOVEMBER, 2018 ii DECLARATION I declare that this project research titled‟ “ANALYSIS OF CRIME IN KATSINA METROPOLITAN AREA, KATSINA STATE NIGERIA” Wasconducted by me under the supervision of DR. A.K Usman and DR.B. AkpuDepartment of Geography and Environmental Management and it is a record of my own work and has not been submitted for the award of Masters Degree, diploma or any other qualification in any other institution. All information and excerpts from the work of any other has been acknowledged by means of references. ABDULLAHI AHMED BARDE ______________________ ___________________ Signature Date iii CERTIFICATION This dissertation entitled “ANALYSIS OF CRIME IN KATSINA METROPOLITAN AREA, KATSINA STATE NIGERIA” meets the regulations governing the award of masters‟ degree of Remote Sensing and GIS of Ahmadu Bello University and approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. -
A Case Study of Jibia Local Government Area in Nigeria
Advances in Research 17(2): 1-9, 2018; Article no.AIR.11849 ISSN: 2348-0394, NLM ID: 101666096 Physical Planning Inputs in Managing Desertification: A Case Study of Jibia Local Government Area in Nigeria Hadiza Tanimu Ahmed1*, Muhammad Isma’il2 and Mohammad Ahmad Falaki3 1Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria, Nigeria. 2Department of Geography, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. 3Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author HTA designed the study, carried out the field survey, analyzed the results and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author MI wrote the protocol, managed the literature searches and carried out the general review of the paper. Author MAF contributed in the discussion and recommendations of the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/AIR/2018/v17i218564 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Francisco Marquez-Linares, Professor of Chemistry, Nanomaterials Research Group, School of Science and Technology, University of Turabo, USA. Reviewers: (1) Vereda J. Williams, School of Business and Economics, North Carolina A&T State University, USA. (2) Kouakou Bah Jean-Pierre, University of Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/27113 Received 06 June 2014 Accepted 16 August 2014 Original Research Article Published 08 November 2018 ABSTRACT Jibia Local Government Area falls within the arid zones of the desert. This region is characterized by low amount of rainfall, high temperature, low humidity which has caused frequent drought in the area thereby making the area vulnerable to desertification. -
IOM Nigeria DTM Flash Report NCNW 26 June 2020
FLASH REPORT: POPULATION DISPLACEMENT DTM North West/North Central Nigeria. Nigeria 22 - 26 JUNE 2020 Aected Population: Casualties: Movement Trigger: 2,349 Individuals 3 Individuals Armed attacks OVERVIEW Maikwama 219 The crisis in Nigeria’s North Central and North West zones, which involves long-standing Dandume tensions between ethnic and linguis�c groups; a�acks by criminal groups; and banditry/hirabah (such as kidnapping and grand larceny along major highways) led to fresh wave of popula�on displacement. Kaita Mashi Mai'adua Jibia Shinkafi Katsina Daura Zango Dutsi Batagarawa Mani Safana Latest a�acks affected 2,349 individuals, includ- Zurmi Rimi Batsari Baure Maradun Bindawa Kurfi ing 18 injuries and 3 fatali�es, in Dandume LGA Bakura Charanchi Ingawa Jigawa Kaura Namoda Sandamu Katsina Birnin Magaji Kusada Dutsin-Ma Kankia (Katsina) and Bukkuyum LGA (Zamfara) between Talata Mafara Bungudu Matazu Dan Musa 22 - 26 June, 2020. The a�acks caused people to Gusau Zamfara Musawa Gummi Kankara flee to neighboring locali�es. Bukkuyum Anka Tsafe Malumfashi Kano Faskari Kafur Gusau Bakori A rapid assessment was conducted by field staff Maru Funtua Dandume Danja to assess the impact on people and immediate Sabuwa needs. ± GENDER (FIG. 1) Kaduna X Affected PopulationPlateau 42% Kyaram 58% Male State Bukkuyum 2,130 Female Federal Capital Territory LGA Nasarawa Affected LGAs The map is for illustration purposes only. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown are not warranted to be error free nor do they imply judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or accpetance of such boundaries by MOST NEEDED ASSISTANCE (FIG. -
Kabiru Abubakar Gulma
24, Block B, 200 Housing Estate (after Kabiru Abubakar Gulma Kebbi Radio), Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria State Logistics Coordinator [email protected] AXIOS Foundation Nigeria (234) 803 9728 505; (234) 7011558801 Skype ID: mcgulma https://ng.linkedin.com/pub/kabiru- abubakar-gulma/b4/70a/77b S k i l l s : Supply chain management; public health logistics [forecasting, quantification, procurement, Logistics Management Information System (LMIS), and monitoring & evaluation]; contract management; health system strengthening; and project m a n a g e m e n t EDUCATION CAREER EXPERIENCE (3) Euclid University, The Gambia October 2016 to present (July 2016 – Date) Organization: Axios Foundation Nigeria Title/Position: State Logistics Coordinator (Katsina) Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Program: Nigerian Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (Ph.D.) in International Public Programme (MNCH2)- DfID-funded Health Project goals achieved included: (2) Assam Don Bosco University, India (March 2016) 1. Coordinated state-wide review of quantification for 2017 and 2018 commodities Degree: Master of Business and equipment to be supplied to 204 MNCH2- Administration (MBA)- Dual supported health facilities across the 34 Local Degree (Supply Chain and Project Management) Government Areas (LGAs) of Katsina State 2. Supported Katsina State to develop distribution (1) Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria- plans for commodities received in 2015, 2016, Nigeria (August 2010) and 2017 to 16 general hospitals, 29 comprehensive health centers, and 159 Degree: Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. primary health center Pharm) 3. Coordinated the implementation year 3 CERTIFICATE COURSES (1) Johns Hopkins University, MNCH2 renovation of health facilities (14 LGA Baltimore- USA (2017) Medical Stores, 14 LGA Cold Chain Stores, and Course: Statistical Reasoning 9 primary health centers) across Mani, Mashi, for Public Health: Estimation, Daura, Rimi, Bindawa, Zango, Baure, Matazu, Inference, and Interpretation Danmusa, Safana, Kafur, Sabuwa, Kaita, and Danja LGAs. -
2018/2019 Annual School Census Report
Foreword Successful education policies are formed and supported by accurate, timely and reliable data, to improve governance practices, enhance accountability and ultimately improve the teaching and learning process in schools. Considering the importance of robust data collection, the Planning, Research and Statistics (PRS) Department, Katsina State Ministry of Education prepares and publishes the Annual Schools Census Statistical Report of both Public and Private Schools on an annual basis. This is in compliance with the National EMIS Policy and its implementation. The Annual Schools Census Statistical Report of 2018-2019 is the outcome of the exercise conducted between May and June 2019, through a rigorous activities that include training Head Teachers and Teachers on School Records Keeping; how to fill ASC questionnaire using school records; data collection, validation, entry, consistency checks and analysis. This publication is the 13th Annual Schools Census Statistical Report of all Schools in the State. In line with specific objectives of National Education Management Information System (NEMIS), this year’s ASC has obtained comprehensive and reliable data where by all data obtained were from the primary source (the school’s head provide all data required from schools records). Data on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of basic education and post basic to track the achievement of the State Education Sector Operational Plan (SESOP) as well as Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); feed data into the National databank to strengthen NEMIS for national and global reporting. The report comprises of educational data pertaining to all level both public and private schools ranging from pre-primary, primary, junior secondary and senior secondary level. -
2Nd-Admission-List-CSE-2021.Pdf
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE ENGINEERING SECOND ADMISSION LIST 2020/2021 ACADEMIC SESSION S/N NAME JAMB NO LG STATE REMARK 1 ZAKARI SANI 21109851CA KANKIA KATSINA 2 ABDULLAHI USMAN 21108346EA BATAGARAWA KATSINA 3 NURADDEEN SHAFI'U ABDULLAHI 21118540IF KATSINA KATSINA 4 MU'AZU IBRAHIM GAFAI 21008910IF KATSINA KATSINA 5 MUKHTAR AMMAR 21021462CF KATSINA KATSINA 6 NURA IBRAHIM SHU'AIBU 21114941DA KATSINA KATSINA 7 USMAN MUHAMMAD 21124251DA KATSINA KATSINA 8 ABDULRAHIM IMRANA 21134389HA KATSINA KATSINA 9 ABDULLAHI NASIR 21108913FF KATSINA 10 ABDULLAHI USMAN 21108346EA RIMI KATSINA 11 ABDULKADIR YUSUF 21116697IF KURFI KATSINA 12 KABIR SURAJO 21124632CF RIMI KATSINA 13 HUSSAINI ALAMIN DANHAIRE 21125594GA MUSAWA KATSINA 14 USMAN SULAIMAN BALA 21109826FA FASKARI KATSINA 15 KHADIJA IBRAHIM 21110114DF MALUMFASHI KATSINA 16 DAHIRU ABUBAKAR TANKURI 21113099CF JIBIA KATSINA 17 HUSSAINI ABBAS ADAMU 21115778CF MATAZU KATSINA 18 AHMAD ARAFAT 21108787CA RIMI KATSINA 19 SANI ABDULLAHI HALLIRU 21109304JF KANKARA KATSINA 20 ABUBAKAR ABDULRASHID 21106628IA JIBIA KATSINA 21 BABANGIDA MU'AZU ALMUSTAPHA 21108659JA KATSINA KATSINA 22 MUSA SALAHUDDEEN 21109378BA BAKORI KATSINA 23 ZAINAB IMAM MUHAMMAD 21128654FF KANKIA KATSINA 24 IDRIS ABDULLAHI 21109387GA MATAZU KATSINA 25 DAHIRU IS'HAQ 21136785GA KATSINA KATSINA 26 DAHIRU ABUBAKAR RAFUKKA 21107101JA KATSINA KATSINA 27 AMINU IBRAHIM 21108454HA KATSINA KATSINA 28 IBRAHIM FATIMA 21118613AF KATSINA KATSINA 29 BISHIR YSUF SHEHU 21115880IF KATSINA KATSINA 30 TANIMU ABDULGANIYU HASSAN 22198263DF RIMI KATSINA 31 ABBAS -
Impact of Jibia Dam Irrigation Project on Wheat Production and Livelihood of Benefiting Farmers in Katsina State, Nigeria
IMPACT OF JIBIA DAM IRRIGATION PROJECT ON WHEAT PRODUCTION AND LIVELIHOOD OF BENEFITING FARMERS IN KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA BY Abubakar Bindawa SULAIMAN MSc /AGRIC /46200 /2012-13 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER IN SCIENCE DEGREE IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, KADUNA STATE NIGERIA FEBRUARY, 2016 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this dissertation titled “Impact of Jibia Dam Irrigation Project on Wheat Production and Livelihood of Benefiting farmers in Katsina State, Nigeria” has been written by me and it is a record of my research work. No part of this work has been presented in any previous application for another degree or diploma at any institution. All borrowed ideas have been duly acknowledged in the text and a list of references provided. ___________________________ ________________ Abubakar Bindawa Sulaiman Date Student ii CERTIFICATION This dissertation titled „Impact of Jibia Dam Irrigation Project on Wheat Production and Livelihood of Benefiting Farmers in Katsina State, Nigeria’, by Abubakar Bindawa SULAIMAN meets the regulations governing the award of the Degree of Master of Science in Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and is approved for its contribution to scientific knowledge and literary presentation. _____________________________ _________________ Prof. T. K. Atala Date Chairman, Supervisory Committee ____________________________ __________________ Dr. M. W. Musa Date Member, Supervisory Committee ___________________________ ____________________ Prof. Z. Abdulsalam Date Head of Department ___________________________ ________________ Prof. K. Bala Date Dean, School of postgraduate Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. -
Violence in Nigeria : a Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos (ed.) West African Politics and Society series 3 Violence in Nigeria Violence in Nigeria Violence in Nigeria Most of the academic literature on violence in Nigeria is qualitative. It rarely relies on quantitative data because police crime statistics are not reliable, or not available, or not even published. Moreover, the training of A qualitative and Nigerian social scientists often focuses on qualitative, cultural, and political issues. There is thus quantitative analysis a need to bridge the qualitative and quantitative approaches of conflict studies. This book represents an innovation and fills a gap in this regard. It is the first to introduce a discussion on such issues in a coherent manner, relying on a database that fills the lacunae in A qualitative and quantitative data from the security forces. The authors underline the necessity of a trend analysis to decipher the patterns and the complexity of violence in very different fields: from oil production to cattle breeding, radical Islam to motor accidents, land conflicts to witchcraft, and so on. In addition, analysis they argue for empirical investigation and a complementary approach using both qualitative and quantitative data. The book is therefore organized into two parts, with a focus first on statistical Marc-Antoine studies, then on fieldwork. Pérouse de Montclos (ed.) Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos (ed.) 3 www.ascleiden.nl 3 African Studies Centre Violence in Nigeria: “A qualitative and quantitative analysis” 501890-L-bw-ASC 501890-L-bw-ASC African Studies Centre (ASC) Institut Français de Recherche en Afrique (IFRA) West African Politics and Society Series, Vol.