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Violence in Nigeria : a Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

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Violence in Nigeria : a Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos (ed.) West African Politics and Society series 3 Violence in Nigeria Violence in Nigeria Violence in Nigeria Most of the academic literature on violence in Nigeria is qualitative. It rarely relies on quantitative data because police crime statistics are not reliable, or not available, or not even published. Moreover, the training of A qualitative and Nigerian social scientists often focuses on qualitative, cultural, and political issues. There is thus quantitative analysis a need to bridge the qualitative and quantitative approaches of conflict studies. This book represents an innovation and fills a gap in this regard. It is the first to introduce a discussion on such issues in a coherent manner, relying on a database that fills the lacunae in A qualitative and quantitative data from the security forces. The authors underline the necessity of a trend analysis to decipher the patterns and the complexity of violence in very different fields: from oil production to cattle breeding, radical Islam to motor accidents, land conflicts to witchcraft, and so on. In addition, analysis they argue for empirical investigation and a complementary approach using both qualitative and quantitative data. The book is therefore organized into two parts, with a focus first on statistical Marc-Antoine studies, then on fieldwork. Pérouse de Montclos (ed.) Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos (ed.) 3 www.ascleiden.nl 3 African Studies Centre Violence in Nigeria: “A qualitative and quantitative analysis” 501890-L-bw-ASC 501890-L-bw-ASC African Studies Centre (ASC) Institut Français de Recherche en Afrique (IFRA) West African Politics and Society Series, Vol. 3 Violence in Nigeria: “A qualitative and quantitative analysis” Edited by Marc-Antoine Perouse de Montclos 501890-L-bw-ASC Published by: African Studies Centre P.O. Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden [email protected] www.ascleiden.nl French Institute for Research in Africa / Institut Français de Recherche en Afrique (IFRA-Nigeria) University of Ibadan Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria www.ifra-nigeria.org Cover design: Heike Slingerland Cover photo: Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos Printed by Ipskamp Printing, Enschede ISSN: 2213-5480 ISBN: 978-90-5448-149-2 © Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos, 2016 501890-L-bw-ASC Contents LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF MAPS viii LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xii FOREWORD xiii INTRODUCTION: ARGUMENTS FOR A QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA 1 Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos PART 1 TRENDS, PATTERNS AND MAPPING: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA 1 TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF FATAL ROAD ACCIDENTS IN NIGERIA (2006-2014) 13 Vitus Nwankwo Ukoji 2 PATTERNS AND TREND ANALYSIS OF VIOLENCE IN OIL PRODUCTION AND OIL DISTRIBUTION IN NIGERIA (2006-2014) 41 Adeola Adams 3 TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF CATTLE GRAZING AND RURAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA (2006-2014) 61 Philip Ademola Olayoku 4 TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF FATALITIES RESULTING FROM CULT SOCIETIES AND BELIEF IN WITCHCRAFT IN NIGERIA (2006-2014) 77 Akinpelu Babajide Adedotun 5 MUSLIMS, CHRISTIANS AND RELIGIOUS VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA: PATTERNS AND MAPPING (2006-2014) 91 Akinola Ejodame Olojo 6 KILLINGS BY THE SECURITY FORCES IN NIGERIA: MAPPING AND TREND ANALYSIS (2006-2014) 112 Super Odomovo Afeno v 501890-L-bw-ASC PART 2 FIELDWORK AND SURVEYS: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA 7 A SURVEY OF VIOLENCE-RELATED DEATHS IN ANINRI AND ISI-UZO LGAS OF ENUGU STATE (2006-2014) 143 Joachin Uche Okanume 8 A SURVEY OF VIOLENCE-RELATED DEATHS IN EGBEDORE AND IFEDAYO LGAS OF OSUN STATE (2006-2014) 161 Hammed Abodunrin 9 A STUDY OF VIOLENCE-RELATED DEATHS IN BAURE, INGAWA, KURFI, MANI, AND MATAZU LGAS OF KATSINA STATE (2006-2014) 179 Adam Alqali 10 A STUDY OF VIOLENCE-RELATED DEATHS IN GUDU, GWADABAWA AND ILLELA LGAS OF SOKOTO STATE, AND SAKABA LGA OF KEBBI STATE (2006-2014) 195 Arshad Munir & Akinola Ejodame Olojo POSTSCRIPT: THE NEXT CHALLENGE: STATISTICS AS A TOOL FOR HUMAN SECURITY 219 vi 501890-L-bw-ASC List of figures 1.1 FRSC and Nigeria Watch records of fatalities caused by road accidents (2007-2013) 20 1.2 Cumulated figures of violent deaths in Nigeria, by cause (June 2006- May 2014) 22 1.3 Vehicle types and road accidents in Nigeria (June 2006-May 2014) 25 1.4 Fatal road accidents by days of the week (June 2006-May 2014) 29 1.5 Number of violent deaths in Nigeria caused by road accidents, by state (June 2006-May 2014) 30 1.6 Number of violent deaths in Nigeria caused by road accidents, by region (June 2006-May 2014) 36 1.7 Number of motor vehicles registered in Nigeria (2007) 36 2.1 Physical flow of products: Retail route used by Major and Independent Marketers in Nigeria 45 2.2 Annual number of deaths caused by oil distribution (June 2006-May 2014) 50 2.3 Deaths due to oil distribution, by state (June 2006-May 2014) 51 2.4 Violent deaths caused by oil production (June 2006-May 2014) 54 2.5 Number of deaths resulting from oil production, by state (June 2006- May 2014) 55 3.1 Violent deaths in Nigeria caused by cattle grazing, per year (June 2006- May 2014) 65 3.2 Violent deaths caused by cattle grazing in Nigeria, by state, cumulated figures (June 2006-May 2014) 70 3.3 Violent deaths in Nigeria caused by cattle grazing, cumulative figures per month (June 2006-May 2014) 73 4.1 Number of violent deaths in Nigeria, by protagonist, cumulated figures (June 2006-May 2014) 83 4.2 Number of violent deaths in events where cult societies were involved, by state, cumulated figures (June 2006-May 2014) 86 4.3 Violent deaths caused by political issues in events where cult societies were involved (June 2006-May 2014) 86 4.4 Number of violent deaths in Nigeria caused by sorcery, per year (June 2006- May 2014) 87 4.5 Number of violent deaths caused by political issues, per year (June 2006- May 2014) 88 5.1 Absolute number of violent deaths per year (June 2006-May 2014) 96 5.2 Violent deaths caused by religious issues, per year (June 2006-May 2014) 97 5.3 Violent deaths involving Islamic and Christian groups, per year (June 2006- May 2014) 101 6.1 Number of violent deaths resulting from incidents where the security forces intervened, per year (June 2006-May 2014) 120 6.2 Number of violent deaths resulting from incidents where the security forces intervened, by type of relationship (June 2006-May 2014) 123 6.3 Number of violent deaths resulting from incidents where the army intervened, per year (June 2006-May 2014) 124 vii 501890-L-bw-ASC 6.4 Number of violent deaths resulting from incidents where the police intervened, per year (June 2006-May 2014) 125 6.5 Number of violent deaths resulting from incidents where the police intervened, by type of relationship (June 2006-May 2014) 127 6.6 Frequency of security forces killings in selected states (June 2006-May 2014) 131 6.7 Frequency of security forces killings, by perpetrators, in selected states (June 2006-May 2014) 132 6.8 Percentages per month of the total fatalities caused by the security forces during the 2007 general elections 136 6.9 Percentages per month of the total fatalities caused by the security forces during the 2011 general elections 137 7.1 Percentage of violent deaths per year in Aninri LGA (June 2006-May 2014) 145 7.2 Percentage of violent deaths per year in Isi-Uzo LGA (June 2006-May 2014) 145 7.3 Percentage of causes of violent deaths in Aninri LGA (June 2006-May 2014) 154 7.4 Percentage of causes of violent deaths in Isi-Uzo LGA (June 2006-May 2014) 159 List of maps 1.1 Fatalities caused by road accidents in Nigeria (June 2006-May 2014) 23 1.2 Fatality rates related to road accidents in Nigeria, per 100,000 inhabitants (June 2006-May 2014) 24 2.1 Fatalities resulting from oil distribution in Nigeria (June 2006-May 2014) 52 2.2 Fatality rates resulting from oil distribution in Nigeria, per 100,000 inhabitants (June 2006-May 2014) 53 2.3 Fatalities resulting from oil production in Nigeria (June 2006-May 2014) 56 2.4 Fatality rates resulting from oil production in Nigeria, per 100,000 inhabitants (June 2006-May 2014) 57 3.1 Fatalities caused by cattle grazing in Nigeria (June 2006-May 2014) 70 3.2 Fatality rates caused by cattle grazing in Nigeria, per 100,000 inhabitants (June 2006-May 2014) 71 4.1 Fatality rates caused by sorcery in Nigeria, per 100,000 inhabitants (June 2006- May 2014) 84 4.2 Fatalities in events where cult societies were involved in Nigeria (June 2006- May 2014) 88 5.1 Fatalities caused by religious issues in Nigeria (June 2006-May 2014) 98 6.1 Fatalities resulting from incidents where the security forces intervened in Nigeria (June 2006-May 2014) 128 7.1 Invisible violence in some selected LGAs 142 viii 501890-L-bw-ASC List of tables 1.1 Severity index of fatal road accidents, by state (June 2006-May 2014) 26 1.2 Number of violent deaths in Nigeria caused by road accidents, per month (June 2006-May 2014) 27 1.3 Yearly breakdown of violent road accident deaths in Nigeria (June 2006- May 2014) 31 1.4 Summary of fatal car accidents in Lagos, by LGA and route (June 2006- May 2014) 32 1.5 Summary of fatal car accidents in Edo, by LGA and route (June 2006- May 2014) 33 1.6 Summary of fatal car accidents in FCT (Abuja), by LGA and route (June 2006- May 2014) 35 1.7 Population of main cities and number of deaths caused by road accidents (June 2006-May 2014) 38 4.1 Number of male and female victims killed because of the belief in sorcery, Nigeria (June 2006-May 2014) 82 4.2 Number of adults and children killed because of the belief in sorcery, Nigeria (June 2006-May 2014) 82 5.1 Frequencies
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