Pan Africa Solar Limited (Pasl)
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PAN AFRICA SOLAR LIMITED (PASL) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) OF PROPOSED 80 MEGA WATT (MW) PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT PROJECT AND ASSOCIATED TRANSMISSION IN KANKIA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA (DRAFT REPORT) SUBMITTED TO FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, ABUJA, NIGERIA SEPTEMBER 2015 EIA OF PROPOSED 80 MWp PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT PROJECT AND ASSOCIATED TRANSMISSION IN KANKIA, KATSINA STATE (DRAFT REPORT) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) OF PROPOSED 80 MW PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT PROJECT AND ASSOCIATED TRANSMISSION IN KANKIA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA (DRAFT REPORT) PREPARED BY (ON BEHALF OF PASL) ENVIRONMENTAL ACCORD NIGERIA LIMITED 13, Alabi Street, off Oguntona Crescent, Gbagada (Phase 1), Lagos 01-212-0676; +234-802-360-9591 [email protected] http://www.envaccord.com PAN AFRICA SOLAR LIMITED ii EIA OF PROPOSED 80 MWp PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT PROJECT AND ASSOCIATED TRANSMISSION IN KANKIA, KATSINA STATE (DRAFT REPORT) TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page i Table of Contents iii List of Tables vi List of Figures viii List of Plates x List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xii EIA Preparers xvi Acknowledgement xvii Executive Summary xviii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Information 2 1.2 Project Proponent 3 1.3 Project Location 3 1.4 EIA Objectives 9 1.5 EIA Process 9 1.6 Legal and Administrative Framework 13 1.7 PASL’s Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy 28 1.8 EIA Report Structure 29 CHAPTER TWO: PROJECT JUSTIFICATION 2.1 Need for the Project 31 2.2 Project Benefits 31 2.3 Value of the Project 32 2.4 Envisaged Sustainability 32 2.5 Project Alternatives and Development Options 33 CHAPTER THREE: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 Introduction 46 3.2 Project Overview 46 3.3 Photovoltaic (PV) Module Technology 51 3.4 Solar Project Components 54 3.5 Overview of Project Phases and Activities 65 3.6 Water Use and Management 68 3.7 Workforce and Job Creation 71 3.8 Health and Safety 72 3.9 Site Security 72 3.10 Associated Wastes Stream 73 3.11 Project Schedule 76 CHAPTER FOUR: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Introduction 78 4.2 Data Collection 80 4.3 Overview of Environmental and Social Setting of the Project Area 83 PAN AFRICA SOLAR LIMITED iii EIA OF PROPOSED 80 MWp PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT PROJECT AND ASSOCIATED TRANSMISSION IN KANKIA, KATSINA STATE (DRAFT REPORT) 4.4 Description of Environmental Characteristics of the Project Area 85 4.5 Socio-economic and Health Conditions of the Study Area 143 4.6 Stakeholder Engagement 169 CHAPTER FIVE: ASSOCIATED AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS 5.1 Introduction 182 5.2 Impact Assessment Overview 182 5.3 Impact Prediction Methodology 184 5.4 Identification of Environmental and Socio-economic Aspects and Impacts 185 5.5 Impacts Discussion 198 5.6 Risk and Hazard Assessment 219 5.7 Summary 221 CHAPTER SIX: MITIGATION MEASURES 6.1 Introduction 223 6.2 Mitigation Measures Approach 223 6.3 Mitigation measures for Identified Significant Negative Impacts 223 6.4 Mitigation Measures for the Identified Project Risks and Hazards 224 6.5 Enhancement Measures for Identified Positive Impacts 225 CHAPTER SEVEN: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1 Introduction 250 7.2 Objectives of the EMP 250 7.3 Environmental and Social Management Organization 251 7.4 Stakeholder Engagement Plan 255 7.5 Checking and Corrective Action 257 CHAPTER EIGHT: DECOMMISSIONING AND ABANDONMENT PLAN 8.1 Introduction 289 8.2 Decommissioning Programme 289 8.3 Abandonment 290 8.4 Site Remedial Measures 291 CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSIONS 9.1 Conclusions 293 REFERENCES 296 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Certificate of Occupancy Appendix 2: Previous EIA Certificate and Other Approval Documents Appendix 3: List of ILO Conventions Ratified and Not Ratified By Nigeria Appendix 4: Land Valuation Report Appendix 5: Long term Solar Resource Assessment Appendix 6: Single Line Diagram Appendix 7: Project Schedule PAN AFRICA SOLAR LIMITED iv EIA OF PROPOSED 80 MWp PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT PROJECT AND ASSOCIATED TRANSMISSION IN KANKIA, KATSINA STATE (DRAFT REPORT) Appendix 8: Baseline Results Appendix 9: Geotechnical Survey Report Appendix 10: Socio-economic Survey Documents Appendix 11: Stakeholder Engagement Documents Appendix 12: Stakeholder Engagement Plan PAN AFRICA SOLAR LIMITED v EIA OF PROPOSED 80 MWp PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT PROJECT AND ASSOCIATED TRANSMISSION IN KANKIA, KATSINA STATE (DRAFT REPORT) LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: List of stakeholders consulted during scoping 12 Table 1.2: Summary of IFC Performance Standards and their applicability to the proposed Project 23 Table 2.1: Comparison between CSP and PV Solar Technology 36 Table 2.2: Comparison between Crystalline and Thin film Technologies 38 Table 3.1: Project Overview 47 Table 4.1: Geographical Coordinates of Sampling Locations 81 Table 4.2: Some of the analytical methods used for field samples Analysis 82 Table 4.3: Summary of Monthly Mean Climatic Characteristics of Katsina State 85 Table 4.4: Summary of Monthly Wind Direction in Katsina State 88 Table 4.5: Descriptive summary of air quality and noise results of the study area 93 Table 4.6: Air Quality Standards 94 Table 4.7: Noise Exposure Limits for Nigeria 94 Table 4.8: World Bank Noise Level Guidelines 94 Table 4.9 Summary of Soil texture of the Project Area 99 Table 4.10: Descriptive Summary of Some Parameters analysed in the Soil 100 Table 4.11: Descriptive summary of the Microbiological Content of Soil Samples from the study area 103 Table 4.12: Descriptive summary of physico-chemical results of groundwater samples from the study area 107 Table 4.13: Descriptive summary of the Microbiological Content of water samples from the study area 108 Table 4.14: Floristic Composition and Habitat Description 116 Table 4.15: Distribution of Plant Species across the Sampling Locations 117 Table 4.16: IUCN Categorization 121 Table 4.17: Species Biodiversity Status in the Study Area 122 Table 4.18: Economic Importance of Flora Species Encountered 123 Table 4.19: List of Plantations noted in the wider study area of the Project site 125 Table 4.20: Inventory of fauna species in the study area and their IUCN Status 132 Table 4.21: Existing Land Type/Land cover in the wider Study Area 140 Table 4.22: Housing Characteristics of Respondents 159 Table 4.23: Summary of the process and stages of consultation PAN AFRICA SOLAR LIMITED vi EIA OF PROPOSED 80 MWp PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT PROJECT AND ASSOCIATED TRANSMISSION IN KANKIA, KATSINA STATE (DRAFT REPORT) for the EIA 170 Table 4.24: Summary of Stakeholder Engagement Activities 173 Table 4.25: Initial Scoping Consultation Findings 174 Table 5.1: Example of a Link between Activities, Aspects and Impacts 185 Table 5.2: Summary of the proposed Project Activates 187 Table 5.3: Activity- Receptor Interaction for Impact Screening 188 Table 5.4: Leopold’s Activity-Receptor Interaction Matrix 189 Table 5.5: Resource/Receptors and Impacts Indicators Considered 190 Table 5.6: Impact Magnitude for Biological and Socio-economic 194 Table 5.7: Impact Magnitude Criteria for Socio-Economic Environmental Impacts 195 Table 5.8: Physical, Biological and socio-economic Receptor Severity/ Fragility/Value Criteria 196 Table 5.9: Environmental impact significance ranking 198 Table 5.10: Summary of Potential Impacts of Pre-Construction Phase Activities of the proposed Project 204 Table 5.11: Summary of Potential Impacts of Construction Phase Activities of the proposed Project 210 Table 5.12: Summary of Potential Impacts Associated with Operation Phase of the proposed Project 214 Table 5.13: Summary of Potential Impacts Associated with the Construction and Operation of the proposed Transmission Line 218 Table 6.1: Mitigation Measures for the Potential Negative Impacts of the proposed Project 227 Table 7.1: Environmental Management Plan: Pre –construction and Construction Phase 261 Table 7.2: Environmental Management Plan: Operation Phase 280 Table 7.3: Environmental Management Plan: Decommissioning Phase 283 PAN AFRICA SOLAR LIMITED vii EIA OF PROPOSED 80 MWp PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT PROJECT AND ASSOCIATED TRANSMISSION IN KANKIA, KATSINA STATE (DRAFT REPORT) LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Administrative Map of Nigeria highlighting Katsina State 5 Figure 1.2: Administrative Map of Katsina State highlighting Kankia LGA 6 Figure 1.3: Administrative Map of Kankia LGA showing the Project Site 7 Figure 1.4: Map of the Project site and the nearby existing roads 8 Figure 1.5: Overview of Nigeria EIA Process 10 Figure 2.1: Map of the preferred Transmission Line Route for the Proposed Project 40 Figure 3.1: Identified communities within 5 km radius of the Project Site 48 Figure 3.2: Project site features map 49 Figure 3.3: Typical appearance of monocrystalline silicon PV arrays 52 Figure 3.4: Typical Appearance of Polycrystalline Silicon PV Arrays 53 Figure 3.5: Typical Appearance of Thin-Film CdTe Arrays 54 Figure 3.6: Solar Farm Technical Overview 55 Figure 3.7: Proposed Polycrystalline PV Layout 57 Figure 3.8: Proposed Thin Film PV Layout 58 Figure 3.9: Row Spacing for Polycrystalline PV 60 Figure 3.10: Row Spacing for Thin Film PV 60 Figure 3.11: MV Power Unit 61 Figure 4.1: Map of the Study Area 79 Figure 4.2: Map of existing receptors/resources within 500 m radius of the Project site 84 Figure 4.3: Mean monthly rainfall for Katsina State 86 Figure 4.4: Mean monthly minimum and maximum Temperature for Katsina State 86 Figure 4.5: Monthly Relative Humidity in Katsina State 87 Figure 4.6: Average Wind Speed in Katsina State 87 Figure 4.7: Wind rose for the project area 89 Figure 4.8: Mean monthly distribution of Sunshine Hours in Katsina State