NHB College 2014 Round 10 Tossups 1. These items derive from the tebenna and were modified for use in battle through the cinctus preparation. These items generally did not replace the rectangular himation or pallium in the East. The brightness of the candida variety of these items was enhanced by white chalk and contrasted with the darker (*) pulla variety. These items were used to single out adulteresses and prostitutes. The praetexta variety of these semicircular items included a purple band and were used by magistrates. Later varieties included a sinus which covered the lap from the right arm and the umbo which went across the chest. The large amounts of folds in these items prevented vigorous activity. For 10 points, name this garment worn by Roman men. ANSWER: togas 094-12-59-10101 2. This country's government sparked a human rights crisis when twenty organizers of the Second Festival of the Second Culture were arrested at a wedding. Animator Gene Deitch wrote a memoir about being what Deitch called "the only free American living and working" in this country during its Communist era, focusing on a career that began when production of Tom and Jerry moved to this country in 1960 as an early Cold War olive branch. This country handed over much power to its "Supervisory and Auditing Commission" during the period of (*) "normalization." In this country, the Committee for the Defense of the Unjustly Prosecuted worked to protect the man who wrote "The Power of the Powerless" and other signers of the human rights manifesto Charter 77. For 10 points, name this country which was long ruled by Gustav Husak following the suppression of the Prague Spring, and eventually split into two modern states. ANSWER: Czechoslovakia 019-12-59-10102 3. In 2009, John D'Arcy public boycotted this university's graduation ceremonies, at which hecklers denounced Barack Obama during a speech about abortion. County prosecutor Michael Dvorak refused to charge a student at this university with rape after the suicide of Lizzy (*) Seeberg, which media sources contrasted with athletic director Jack Swarbrick's tear-filled press conference months later. In 2010, Declan Sullivan died when a windstorm toppled scaffolding at this university, and in 2012, this university responded to the announced death of Lennay Kekua. For 10 points, name this university which defended football player Manti Te'o in a fictitious girlfriend hoax and is located in South Bend, Indiana. ANSWER: University of Notre Dame 019-12-59-10103 4. "Barefoot Boy" John Gardner was a mayor of this city, whose origins can be traced to Jonathan Pitney, who established it as a health resort. During the 1920s, this city was governed by sports enthusiast Edward Bader, who organized its Blue Tornadoes football team. This city's boom era saw the construction of the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel. In 1968, a group of feminists crowned a sheep in this city to protest its annual (*) Miss America Pageant. A fake investment in this city brought down Angelo Errichetti in the Abscam sting. In the 1920s, this city was dominated by the political boss, Enoch Johnson. Ruth Hoskins popularized a board game that used street names from this city. For 10 points, name this New Jersey resort city and gambling mecca. ANSWER: Atlantic City, New Jersey 094-12-59-10104

NHB College 2014 10 Page 1 of 13 5. The first biography of this man was written by Baha al-Din, who worked for him and his son Malik az-Zahir. This man rose to command following the death of Shirkuh and Shawar, the latter of whom he had assassinated. This man's army conquered Caesarea, Nazareth, and Ascalon in quick succession, though he was stopped at (*) Tyre. This man, who ended the Fatimid dynasty, was the namesake of a "tithe" raised in England and France following his devastating victory at the Horns of Hattin. For 10 points, name this Ayyubid ruler who retook Jerusalem from its Crusader kings in 1187. ANSWER: Saladin 019-12-59-10105 6. This event caused the exile to Israel and then total disappearance of Christine Cabon. A survivor of this incident, David Robie, wrote the book Eyes of Fire about it. This incident caused Charles Hernu to resign as Defense Minister and was carried out under the name "Operation Satanic." This incident was intended to ensure the success of a test at (*) Moruroa and was performed by the DGSE. Photographer Fernando Pereira was accidentally killed during this incident, which caused prime minister David Lange to demand compensation. For 10 points, identify this July 1985 action of the French secret service, which violated New Zealand's sovereignty in order to destroy a Greenpeace ship. ANSWER: Rainbow Warrior sinking incident 019-12-59-10106 7. This symphony ends by incorporating the songs "Whirlwinds of Danger" and "Tremble, Tyrants" into the "alarm bell" movement Tocsin. It opens with a brass fanfare in suggestion of a soldiers' reveille over timpani, before the songs "The Prisoner" and "Listen!" are played. The Allegro second movement of this symphony depicts the descent of a crowd into chaos on the movement's title date, follows by the "In Memoriam" Adagio third movement which incorporates the funeral march "You Fell As Victims." The unexpected drum hits in the second movement represent tanks rather than guns, according to a perceptive old woman at its premiere. This piece's impetus was discussed in the biography of its composer, Testimony, which reveals that its composer's father participated in the (*) Bloody Sunday incident that inspired its writing. Possibly intended to parallel the contemporary Hungarian uprising with the march put down by Cossacks, this symphony inspired the composer's son to ask "Papa, what if they hang you for this?" For 10 points, identify this 1957 symphony in G minor which ostensibly commemorates the aborted first major revolution against Nicholas II and was written by Dmitri Shostakovich. ANSWER: Shostakovich's 11th Symphony in G Minor [or The Year 1905; or just 11th_ once "Shostakovich" is read]

019-12-59-10107 8. The bizarre spelling of the word "preserved" in this document is, along with the pseudoscience of handwriting analysis, sometimes used to attribute it to Francis Tumblety. This document's use of "h" in the word "while" and "k" at the head of the word "knife" indicate that its overall impression of being written at a low literacy level may be faked. It explains the origin of an item believed to have once belonged to Catherine Eddowes. It was addressed to George Rusk of the (*) Whitechapel Vigilance Committee, and claims "I fried and ate it, was very nice." This document arrived with half of a kidney and an October 15, 1888 postmark, after the Saucy Jacky postcard and the Dear Boss letter. For 10 points, identify this letter believed to be a genuine missive from Jack the Ripper, which opens with a namesake two-word dateline that titles a definitive fictionalization of the killings. ANSWER: the "From Hell" letter 019-12-59-10108

NHB College 2014 10 Page 2 of 13 9. Although this man died in France, he had spent years in Italian exile as the Prince of Bassano. This man was briefly replaced in his highest post by Francisco de Saavedra. The Treaty of Fontainebleau gave him sovereignty over southern Portugal and made him Prince of the Algrave. He became his country's first commander to adopt the title of generalisimo while leading troops in the War of the Oranges. This probable lover of Queen (*) Maria Louisa guaranteed the rights of US citizens to safe passage on the Mississippi by signing Pinckney's Treaty, and he later negotiated the second and third treaties of San Ildefonso. This minister was almost killed by a mob at Aranjuez in an incident that forced his monarch to abdicate the throne in 1808. For 10 points, name minister of Charles IV of Spain. ANSWER: Manuel de Godoy [or Don Manuel Francisco Domingo de Godoy (di Bassano) y Álvarez de Faria, de los Ríos y Sánchez-Zarzosa or Manuel de Godoy y Álvarez de Faria de los Ríos Sánchez Zarzosa; prompt on "Prince of the Peace"] 094-12-59-10109 10. In this city, attempts to catch a serial killer resulted in the distribution of special "check cards" to citizens matching a description, which could be used to avoid a second police stop. This city's former mayor Art Agnos was wounded during an gun attack by a group of men who first used a machete to kill Quita Hague. Manuel Moore, Jesse Lee Cooks, Larry Green, and J.C.X. Simon were convicted of serial killings in this city, where the police dedicated radio channel (*) Z to the case of fourteen killings that occurred along Divisadero Street between October 1973 and April 1974 and were racially charged attacks by black gunmen on random white victims. For 10 points, name this city where the Zebra Murders took place five years before the White Night Riots protested the light sentence given to Dan White for killing George Moscone and Harvey Milk. ANSWER: San Francisco 019-12-59-10110 11. Because he couldn't read, this leader thought that a treaty he signed perpetually restricting his ability to sell his land to "strangers" was good for only seven years. That treaty was broken when the other party established the city of Swansea. This man was killed at Mount Hope by John Alderman, who served in a force commanded by Benjamin Church. He may have ordered the killing of John (*) Sassamon after Sassamon ratted out this man’s alliance with the Nipmucks. He achieved his highest post after the death of his brother, Wamsutta. In a popular memoir, Mary Rowlandson recounted meeting this leader during her captivity. This man's head was displayed for 25 years in Plymouth. For 10 points, name this leader of the Wampanoag who fought a namesake 17th century war with British colonists. ANSWER: Metacomet [or King Philip or Pometacom] 094-12-59-10111 12. One person of this surname used the ambiguous term "maruta" or "logs" to describe his prisoners. Another person with this family name wrote the memoirs published as the book Diplomatic Commentaries and made the false claim that "the paramount interest of Japan in Manchuria" had been ratified by the United States. This was the name of the leader of the (*) germ warfare division of Unit 731, as well as a person who agreed to respect the Open Door policy in a 1917 agreement. For 10 points, give this common name of Japanese war criminal Shiro and Japanese diplomat Kikujiro, who signed an agreement with U.S. Secretary of State Robert Lansing. ANSWER: Ishii 019-12-59-10112

NHB College 2014 10 Page 3 of 13 13. In a book "explaining" the man that this belief targets, Ron Rosenbaum argues that this belief is a conspiracy theory, which was revived during the late Cold War as anti-Western propaganda. One of the few people to provide direct testimony as to this status dubbed the person involved "Schreihals" for his incessant screaming and gave testimony to Franciszek Pawler. Two members of the Cambridge Five suggested falsifying a medical report to include this status in honor of song lyrics written by Toby O'Brien. Faust Shkaravski's assertion that he had directly observed this status was later called into question when claims that he had not also observed a (*) bullet wound in the skull were proven impossible. This status, which was affirmed by medic Johan Jambor, is alleged in a Soviet autopsy which was released in 1970. A song which begins with a reference to this status adopts the tune of the "Colonel Bogey March" and continues, after claiming this status, to assert "Goering has two, but very small." For 10 points, identify this medical status, according to which a Fuhrer had one fewer of a certain body part than is usual for human males. ANSWER: Adolf Hitler having only one testicle [or equivalents] 019-12-59-10113 14. This man was the first of two whose work was displayed on rotating beams known as "axones" and possibly tetrahedral pillars called "kyrbeis." This man revised the work of the six thesmotetai and allegedly was so popular that he died under a crush of cloaks and hats thrown at him by admirers in a theater. He was called to his task about ten years after the coup by the followers of (*) Cylon and subsequent revenge on the perpetrators when the cord tying them to a sacred shrine broke. Demades made the quip that this man used blood rather than ink to write. His work was largely undone by Solon, who removed the death penalty for everything but murder. For 10 points, name this seventh-century BCE Athenian whose harsh legal code inspired an adjectival form of his name. ANSWER: Draco [or Dracon] 019-12-59-10114 15. This scientist oversaw the development of Flow-Matic while working for Sperry Rand. While working as a consultant for DEC, this scientist often handed out short lengths of 25-pair telephone cable to demonstrate the distance that light travels in a nanosecond. This math instructor at Vassar was recruited to join the Bureau of Ordnance to help design the Mark I, and developed A-0, the first (*) compiler, in 1952. When the Mark I briefly failed due to the intrusion of a moth into the circuitry, she coined the term "bug." This person was the oldest active duty member of the Navy at her 1986 retirement, and her students created COBOL. For 10 points, name this rear admiral and pioneering computer scientist. ANSWER: Grace Brewster Murray Hopper 019-12-59-10115 16. In this country, confusion over whether the phrase "bicycle combination" referred to a pair of overalls or a motorcycle led to the accidental discovery of a Nazi spy. This country caused a diplomatic backlash when its heads of state and government both sent official condolences to Germany upon the death of Adolf Hitler. A secret plan to protect this country from a Nazi invasion was known as Plan W, which was drawn up after Leonhard Kaupisch was put in charge of an operation to conquer this country which was never launched. The television drama (*) Caught in a Free State depicts buffoonish attempts at inserting German spies into this country during World War II, which was referred to in this officially neutral country as "The Emergency." For 10 points, identify this country which was targeted by the Nazi Operation Green and where a paramilitary group seeking reunification with Ulster collaborated with the Germans. ANSWER: Republic of Ireland 019-12-59-10116

NHB College 2014 10 Page 4 of 13 17. A 1532 treaty signed at Plessis-Mace spelled out the rights of people in this polity. The founder of this polity set up an archbishopric at Dol and was named Nomenoë. One ruler from this polity, the daughter of Duke Francis II, commissioned a namesake prayer book from Jean Bourdichon and was a wife of both Charles VIII and Louis XII known as (*) Anne of this place. One conflict in this region emerged from rival claims from John of Penthievre and John of Montfort. The death of Duke John III of this region sparked a succession war that marked one of the early phases of the Hundred Years War. For 10 points, name this northwestern French duchy with capital at Rennes. ANSWER: Duchy of Brittany [or Bretagne or Breiz] 094-12-59-10117 18. Both Victor Ross and Leonard H. Williams attempted in vain to purchase back a white woman renamed Nadua who was living with this tribe. A horse named for this tribe was the only survivor of the 7th Cavalry at the Battle of Little Bighorn. One member of this tribe, Pobishequasso, earned his more common name of Iron Jacket due to the Spanish armor he wore. A prophet from this tribe named Isa-tai inspired the raid on (*) Adobe Walls. Rip Ford won a victory against this tribe at the Battle of Antelope Hills. Leaders of this tribe included Quanah Parker. This offshoot of the Shoshone drove off the Apache from their territory in the Southern Plains. For 10 points, name this equestrian Indian tribe who frequently did battle with Texas Rangers. ANSWER: Comanche Indians [or Nermernuh] 094-12-59-10118 19. This man's father proposed the Mapaspina circumnavigation expedtion and rebuilt Osorno following the Huilliche Rebellion. After serving at the Siege of Chillan, this man again followed Jose Miguel Carrera to the Battle of El Roble, where he shouted "Live with honor, or die with glory!" After he was deposed by Ramón Freire, this man was offered the post of governor of Concepción, though he declined and moved to the Cuiva and Montalvan plantations. This loser of the Battle of Las Tres Acequias lost another significant battle to Mariano Osorio at (*) Rancagua, after which he joined with an Argentinian colleague to lead the Army of the Andes to victory at Chacabuco and Maipu. For 10 points, name this son of Ambrosio, who ruled frm 1817 to 1823 after leading the liberation of Chile. ANSWER: Bernardo O'Higgins 019-12-59-10119 20. "If Day" was held in Winnipeg to drum up public support for these entities. Some of these things in Germany took the form of nails used to assemble statues of Ludwig von Hindenburg. Robert King Merton’s book Mass Persuasion examined an 18 hour call-in show hosted by Kate Smith in support of these things. Bugs Bunny plays a tune on his carrot and then sings a song in blackface in a short promoting these entities. Alternatives to these entities called (*) "Sufferers' Relief" were provided by the National Service Board for Religious Objectors. Examples of these entities included the Series E type, which came in denominations from twenty five to ten thousand dollars. For 10 points, name these loans taken out by the government during military conflicts. ANSWER: war bonds [or Liberty Bonds or United States Savings Stamps; accept Series E U.S. Savings Bond until mentioned; prompt on just "bonds" or "savings bonds"] 094-12-59-10120

NHB College 2014 10 Page 5 of 13 21. Gwilym Owen wrote an article arguing a work by this man was written earlier than traditionally thought. Assumptions of self-predication and non-identity are necessary to an argument made by him according to an article by Gregory Vlastos. David Sachs said one of this man's arguments suffered from a fallacy of irrelevance by using two definitions for one of its main concepts. Gerard Ledger used a stylometric computer program to analyze this man's writings, which led Ledger to support the authenticity of a letter that describes this man's efforts to educate (*) Dionysius of Syracuse to be a good ruler. He claimed that for everything that exists there are three instruments for attaining knowledge, the knowledge itself, and a fifth “the thing itself which is known and truly exists” in his Seventh Letter. It's not his student, but this man introduced the Third Man Argument in his Parmenides. For 10 points, name this author of the Republic and other Socratic dialogues. ANSWER: Plato 121-12-59-10121

NHB College 2014 10 Page 6 of 13 NHB College 2014 Round 10 Bonuses 1. George Washington delivered his "Farewell to the Troops" speech at one of these places that was established by Samuel Fraunces. For 10 points each: [10] Identify these places, whose other early American examples include one established by Samuel Cole in Boston. ANSWER: taverns [or bars; prompt on "inns"] [10] An early citizen of the Republic might consume this city's newspaper the Aurora at a tavern rather than subscribing on his own. The First and Second Continental Congresses met in this city. ANSWER: Philadelphia [10] This September 1777 Revolutionary War battle takes its name from a nearby tavern. Anthony Wayne's troops were surprised by an assault from Charles Grey in this battle. ANSWER: Battle of Paoli [or Paoli Massacre] 094-12-59-10201 2. Edward R. Murrow's documentary Harvest of Shame centered on these people, many of whom were killed when a bus carrying them was hit by a train in Chualar in September, 1963. For 10 points each: [10] Identify these migrant laborers from Mexico who came to the US beginning in 1942 as part of a namesake program. ANSWER: braceros [10] This Mexican-American and co-founder of the National Farm Workers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers, campaigned against the bracero program in Oxnard, California in 1958. ANSWER: Caesar (Estrada) Chavez [10] Chavez came up with the Obama-inspiring slogan "Si, se puede" while participating in one of these events in Phoenix in 1972. ANSWER: hunger strike [or fasting; prompt on just “strike” or “protest”] 094-12-59-10202 3. This group of statuary was unearthed by farmers in Lingtong District in 1974. For 10 points each: [10] Give the usual English name for this group of over eight thousand soldiers, five hundred horses, and other military accoutrements that was buried in an Imperial tomb. ANSWER: the Terra Cotta army [or Terra Cotta warriors, etc.] [10] The Terra Cotta army is found in the mausoleum of this book-burning Legalist who founded the Qin (CHIN) Dynasty. ANSWER: Qin Shi Huang Di [10] The mausoleum of Shi Huang Di was found near this city. Zhang Xueliang plotted a 1936 event in this city. ANSWER: Xian 019-12-59-10203

NHB College 2014 10 Page 7 of 13 4. This king roasted Gyorgy Dozsa alive on an iron throne after putting down Dozsa’s revolt in 1514. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this ruler who signed the secret Treaty of Nagyvarad with Suleiman I. He disputed the Hungarian throne with Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II. ANSWER: John I [or Janos I or John Zapolya or Janos Zapolya or Janos Szapolyai] [10] Dozsa hailed from this region of Hungary, which was transferred to Romania by the Treaty of Trianon. Vampires allegedly live here. ANSWER: Transylvania [or Erdely or Siebenburgen] [10] Dozsa's rebellion inspired later rebellions by these people, who fought against Hapsburg rule of Hungary. Ferenc Rakoczi II of Transylvania led a rebellion of these people in 1703. ANSWER: kurucs 094-12-59-10204 5. Identify the following about Nazi influence on Hollywood in the late 1930s, for 10 points each. [10] MGM canceled a screen adaption of this Sinclair Lewis novel after Hays Code censor and anti-Semite Joseph Breen criticized the script. This novel involves the election of a dictator named Buzz Windrip. ANSWER: It Can't Happen Here [10] Lobbying from Georg Gyssling, the Nazi consul in LA, helped remove all of the references to this man being a Jew except a brief shot reading, "Religion: Jew" next to his name in a 1937 film about the life of Emile Zola. Zola defended this man in "J'accuse". ANSWER: Alfred Dreyfus [10] Gyssling threatened the cast and crew of this other book adaptation that their future output would be banned in Germany. The sequel it was based on included the character Tjaden, as well as Ernst, who is returning from the front. ANSWER: The Road Back 094-12-59-10205 6. Identify the following about the use of the color purple throughout history, for 10 points each. [10] William Perkin named his first artificial purple dye after this city in modern day Lebanon, which produced famous purple dyes in antiquity. ANSWER: Tyre [10] Pliny described how the high-quality purple dye of Tyre used by Roman emperors came from these animals after their raw pupura was placed into a vat of buccinum. ANSWER: sea snails [or shellfish or Murex] [10] In the 1850s, this empress helped popularize mauve in France. She acted as regent on several occasions for her husband, Napoleon III. ANSWER: Empress Eugenie, Comtesse de Teba [or Eugenia Maria de Montijo de Guzman or Doña María Eugenia Ignacia Augustina de Palafox-Portocarrero de Guzmán y Kirkpatrick] 094-12-59-10206

NHB College 2014 10 Page 8 of 13 7. This modern-day nation’s second Protestant Confession was partially written by Heinrich Bullinger and was the first to exclude the Apocrypha from the canon. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this nation, whose theologians got together to write two Helvetic Confessions in 1536 and 1562. ANSWER: Switzerland [or Swiss Confederation] [10] Martin Bucer attended the meeting that formed the First Helvetic Confession, but was unable to get the Swiss to accept this compromise he formulated with Philipp Melanchthon. Signed on May 29, 1536 by men including Martin Luther, this agreement supported the doctrine of real presence. ANSWER: Wittenberg Concord [10] Bucer wrote the Censura, an extensive criticism of this first edition of this text. This text was promulgated through the 1549 Act of Uniformity. ANSWER: Book of Common Prayer [prompt on “Prayer Book”] 094-12-59-10207 8. One side in this conflict was led by Abd el Krim. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this conflict, which witnessed the Disaster of Annual, a major defeat for Manuel Fernandez Silvestre in 1921. ANSWER: Rif War [or Second Moroccan War] [10] Abd el Krim was a member of this North African ethnic group, further divided into the Rif and Tuareg groups. ANSWER: Berbers [or Amazigh or Imazighen] [10] Abd el Krim was invited back from exile by this Moroccan king and first post-independence leader of the country. His grandson of the same name is the current King of Morocco. ANSWER: Mohammed V 094-12-59-10208 9. Name things about historians of monetary policy, for 10 points each: [10] This man argued contractionary monetary policy exacerbated the Depression in a book he wrote with Anna Schwartz, A Monetary History of the United States. ANSWER: Milton Friedman [10] A husband and wife with this surname took a “narrative approach” to measuring monetary effects in their paper “Does Monetary Policy Matter?” The wife served as Barack Obama's first chair of the Council of Economic Advisers. ANSWER: Romer [or Christina and David Romer] [10] Walter Bagehot argued for a central bank serving as the lender of last resort during crises in a book named for this place in London, where many banks were once headquartered. ANSWER: Lombard Street 121-12-59-10209

NHB College 2014 10 Page 9 of 13 10. The V Corps of General Fitz-John Porter suffered heavy losses during one of these engagements. For 10 points each: [10] Identify these series of engagements that included the battles of Savage's Station and Frayser's Farm. ANSWER: Seven Days' Battles [10] The Seven Days' Battles marked the end of the Peninsular Campaign, a failed attempt by this Union general to capture Richmond. This overly cautious general also failed to take advantage of a Union victory at Antietam. ANSWER: George Brinton McClellan [10] McClellan withdrew despite inflicting heavy Confederate causalities at this final battle in the Seven Day's campaign. Writing about this battle, Confederate general D. H. Hill proclaimed, "It wasn't war, it was murder". ANSWER: Battle of Malvern Hill [or Battle of Poindexter's Farm] 094-12-59-10210 11. This text invented figures like King Cole of Colchester and King Lud of London, and it was the chief source for Wace’s Roman de Brut. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this semi-historical text written around 1136 that opens with the story of Aeneas’ great-grandson Brutus, and Brutus’ sons Locrinus, Kamber and Albanactus. ANSWER: The History of the Kings of Britain [or Historia Regum Britanniae] [10] The History of the Kings of Britain was written by this Monmouth author of the Prophetie Merlini. ANSWER: Geoffrey of Monmouth [or Galfridus Arturus or Galfridus Monemutensis or Gruffudd ap Arthur or Sieffre o Fynwy] [10] Geoffrey was the only Welsh bishop to witness the signing of this 1153 treaty. It was signed after the sudden death of the king’s son Eustace, and one party was convinced to sign this treaty by Archbishop Theobald. ANSWER: Treaty of Wallingford [or Treaty of Winchester or Treaty of Westminster] 094-12-59-10211 12. Apapocuva is one of the last "pure" settlements of these people. For 10 points each: [10] Identify these people who speak a namesake Tupian language. The Jesuits compared the Christian God to this people's deity of Tupa and used the labor of this people to grow yerba mate on reductions in the 17th century. ANSWER: Guarani People [or Aba] [10] The descendants of Spaniards and Guarani constitute most of the population of this modern-day country, which was long ruled during the Cold War by Alfredo Stroessner. ANSWER: Paraguay [10] These people of Tierra del Fuego spent a lot of time in canoes made of lenga bark and also build conical huts to survive the winter. Despite the cold weather, these neighbors of the Chono and Alacaluf wore only an animal skin as clothing. ANSWER: Yamana People [or Yahgan People] 094-12-59-10212

NHB College 2014 10 Page 10 of 13 13. Emperor Hadrian reversed a long-standing Roman custom by making use of one of these things. For 10 points each: [10] Identify these things, which are lambasted in the title of a work by Julian the Apostate. ANSWER: beards [10] Although this last Julio-Claudian emperor wore a beard and supposedly possessed the world's best barber, the trend didn't catch on until Hadrian grew one. He grew the beard after emancipating himself from his mother, Agrippina the Younger, whom he caused to drown in 54 CE. ANSWER: Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus [10] A clean-shaven look had been popular since the days of this man, whose brother once defended him from charges that he had misappropriated tribute from Syria by tearing an account book on the floor of the senate. This Roman fathered Cornelia, the Mother of the Gracchi. ANSWER: Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus the Elder [or Scipio the African the Elder or Scipio Africanus the Great or Scipio Africanus Major] 094-12-59-10213 14. The more cost-effective spoke-and-hub system replaced the point-to-point one that existed in the industry this agency regulated after it was ended. For 10 points each: [10] Name this agency that until the 1980s controlled airline fares. Alfred E. Kahn oversaw its dismantling as Chairman. ANSWER: Civil Aeronautics Board [do not accept “Civil Aeronautics Administration”] [10] The early 1980s also saw this union of air traffic controllers go on strike. Ronald Reagan fired over 11,000 of its members after they refused to return to work. ANSWER: PATCO [or Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization] [10] This industry was mostly deregulated in the 1980 Staggers Act. After the failure of the Penn Central, the federal government created Amtrak to insure passenger services in this industry continued. ANSWER: railroads [or railways; or obvious equivalents] 121-12-59-10214 15. An "incredible" one of these events lasting from 1876 to 1879 killed perhaps 13 million Chinese citizens. For 10 points each: [10] Identify these types of events. One of these in Ethiopia in the 1980s prompted relief from Live Aid. ANSWER: famines [accept things like mass starvation; prompt on "crop failure"] [10] 12 million people died in a famine named for this Indian city in the 1870s. This capital of the Tamil Nadu state is today known as Chennai. ANSWER: Madras [10] The Ruzagayura famine partially took place in what is now this country. Sylvie Kinigi was a prime minister of this country who served under its first democratically elected president, Melchior Ndadaye. ANSWER: Republic of Burundi 094-12-59-10215

NHB College 2014 10 Page 11 of 13 16. This outlaw used the alias Thomas Howard and was once a member of Bloody Bill Anderson's gang of crooks. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this brother of fellow outlaw Frank who was shot in the back while adjusting a picture frame in 1915. ANSWER: Jesse (Woodson) James [10] This man’s tombstone bears the inscription, “The man who shot Jesse James”. This member of James’ gang was himself shot to death by Edward Capehart O’Kelley. ANSWER: Robert Newton “Bob” Ford [10] This "Bandit Queen" married a Cherokee man in 1880 and was a one-time associate of Jesse James. Wearing men's clothing, she took to a variety of illegal activity following the death of an earlier husband named Jim Reed. ANSWER: Belle Starr [or Myra Belle Shirley] 094-12-59-10216 17. This government's constitution guaranteed universal male suffrage, and it was ended by a coup in which some ten thousand protestors were deported to Algeria. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this government formed after the February Revolution of 1848. Louis Napoleon served as its first and only president. ANSWER: French Second Republic [10] This author of the Nouvelles méditations poétiques became the de facto head of the Second Republic following the February Revolution. He declared that France "will make no secret propagation or incendiarism among its neighbors" in his "Manifesto to Europe". ANSWER: Alphonse de Lamartine [10] An uprising in this month in 1848 protested the closing of the National Workshops for France's unemployed. A failed 1832 uprising in this month was chronicled in Les Miserables. ANSWER: June

094-12-59-10217 18. This building features a tripartite façade, including an ornamented cornice that projects from above the top floor. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this pioneering St. Louis building with bull’s eye windows on its cornice. One of its architects wrote System of Architectural Ornament. ANSWER: Wainwright State Office Building [10] The Wainwright Building was an early skyscraper designed by this architect, who also collaborated with Dankmar Adler on the Auditorium Building in Chicago. ANSWER: Louis Sullivan [10] This other architect was the first to use steel girders in a building with his Home Insurance Building in Chicago. He also designed the Leitner Building. ANSWER: William Le Baron Jenney 094-12-59-10218

NHB College 2014 10 Page 12 of 13 19. This city on the Shandong Peninsula was seized after the murder of two missionaries in the Juye incident. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this city administered by Germany as the Kiautschou Bay concession. The failure of the Allies to return this city to China led to the May Fourth Movement. ANSWER: Tsingtao [or Qingdao] [10] Germany also colonized this modern day country, where they perpetrated the Herero genocide. After World War I this country was administered by South Africa until independence was achieved by the SWAPO insurgency, who established a capital at Windhoek. ANSWER: Republic of Namibia [10] Earlier, German colonization had been encouraged by Jacob Kettler, Duke of Courland. Courland is a historic district in this modern day country, also divided into regions like Semigallia and Vidzeme. ANSWER: Republic of Latvia [or Latvija] 094-12-59-10219 20. If one of these soldiers committed a crime, he was forced to sit at the foot of the table and was liable to have discarded bones thrown at him. For 10 points each: [10] Identify these axe-wielding medieval warriors, often the personal bodyguards and confidants of a king. Canute the Great employed a large number of them in his conquest of England. ANSWER: housecarls [or huscarl or huskarl or hird or hirden] [10] The housecarls under this king are shown wearing chainmail and nasal helmets in the Bayeux Tapestry. Many housecarls died alongside this king at the Battle of Hastings. ANSWER: Harold Godwinson [or Harold II] [10] This son of Emma of Normandy and half-brother of Harold Harefoot ordered the Harrying of Worcestshire after two of his hosuecarls were murdered. This king’s name translates as “Tough-knot” and he was succeeded by Edward the Confessor as King of England. ANSWER: Harthacnut [or Canute III or Hardeknud] 094-12-59-10220

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