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Home , Charles Warren, Dear Boss letter, Donald Swanson, From Hell, From Hell letter, George Lusk

The complete history of jack the rip

Continue Adding new material to his complete story, crime writer and historian Philip Sugden has painstakingly uncovered a lot of new and still neglected material, including a new Ripper sighting, a possible earlier attack, and a potential American connection. As the Ripper Dan Farson points out: This is indeed the final score, for the chair of the detectives from the White Chapel of Horrors and all the true fans of the crime. A thorough and reasonable profile for readers and future detectives. -Kirkus Reviews Charm is a well-written story about the character of an almost mythical state. -Daily Telegraph () This article is about a . For other purposes, see Jack the Ripper (disambigation). Unknown Serial Killer Jack the Ripper With Vigilance Committee in the East End: Suspicious Character from Illustrated London News, 13 October 1888BornUnknownOther Names Killer WhitechapelKy Apron ApronDetailstimsUnknown (5 Canonical)Date1888-1891 (?) (1888: 5 canonical) Location (s) and , London, England (5 canonical) Jack the Ripper was an unidentified serial killer, active in mostly poor areas in and around London's Whitechapel area in 1888. Both in the materials of the criminal case, and in modern journalistic accounts, the killer was called Whitechapel's killer and a leather apron. The attacks are attributed to Jack the Ripper, usually involving female prostitutes who lived and worked in the slums of London's East End, whose throat was slit before FGM. The removal of internal organs from at least three victims resulted in their killer having some anatomical or surgical knowledge. Rumours that the killings were linked intensified in September and October 1888, and numerous letters from persons allegedly involved in the murder appeared in the media and Scotland Yard. The name Jack the Ripper originated in a letter written by a man claiming to be a murderer, which was circulated in the media. The letter is believed to have been a hoax and may have been written by journalists in an attempt to increase interest in the story and increase the circulation of its newspapers. The letter , received by of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee, came with half of the surviving human kidney, allegedly taken from one of the victims. The public increasingly believed in one serial killer, known as Jack the Ripper, mainly because of the extremely brutal nature of the killings and because of media coverage of the crimes. Extensive newspaper coverage bestowed widespread and enduring international notoriety on the Ripper, and the legend strengthened. The police investigation into a series of eleven brutal murders committed in Whitechapel and Spitalfields between 1888 and 1891 was finally link all murders to the murders of 1888. The five victims - , , , Catherine Eddows and - are known as the canonical Five, and their murders between August 31 and November 9, 1888 are often considered the most likely. The murders were never solved, and the legends associated with these crimes were a combination of historical research, folklore and pseudo-history. Background women and children gather in front of one of Whitechapel's common boarding houses near where Jack the Ripper killed two of his victims in the mid-19th century, with an influx of Irish immigrants in Britain that swelled the population of major cities including London's East End. Since 1882, Jewish refugees fleeing pogroms in Tsarist Russia and other parts of Eastern Europe have emigrated to the same area. Whitechapel Parish in London's East End grew increasingly crowded, with the city's population increasing to about 80,000 by 1888. Working and housing conditions have deteriorated and a significant economic subclass has developed. Fifty-five per cent of children born in the East End died before the age of five. Robbery, violence and alcohol dependence were commonplace, and endemic poverty forced many women into prostitution in order to survive on a daily basis. In October 1888, the London Service estimated that Whitechapel employs 62 brothels and 1,200 women, with around 8,500 people boarding houses in Whitechapel each night, with a nightly price of a single bed in 4d.8 and the cost of sleeping on a lean to (Hang-Over) rope stretched through the bedrooms of these houses being 2d for adults or children. The economic problems in Whitechapel were accompanied by a steady increase in social tensions. Between 1886 and 1889, frequent demonstrations led to police intervention and public unrest, such as (1887). Anti-Semitism, crime, nativism, racism, social unrest and serious deprivation influenced public opinion that Whitechapel was the proverbial lair of immorality. This perception intensified in the autumn of 1888, when a series of brutal and grotesque murders attributed to Jack the Ripper received unprecedented media coverage. Murders Home article: Whitechapel kills sites of the first seven - Osborne Street (centre right), George Yard (centre left), Hanbury Street (top left), Bucks Row (far right), Berner Street (bottom right), Mitre Square (bottom left) and Dorset Street (middle left) Eleven separate murders, From April 3, 1888 to February 13, 1891, were included in the London Metropolitan Police Service investigation and were known collectively in the police dossier as the Whitechapel Murders. Opinions differ on whether these murders should be linked to the same perpetrator, but five of Whitechapel's eleven murders, known as the canonical five, are widely believed to be the work of Jack the Ripper. Most experts point to deep slash wounds in the throat, followed by extensive mutilation in the abdominal and genital areas, removal of internal organs and progressive facial mutilation as hallmarks of the Ripper's working methods. The first two cases in the Whitechapel murder case, the cases of Emma Elizabeth Smith and , are not included in the canonical five. Smith was robbed and sexually assaulted on Osborne Street, Whitechapel, at about 1.30am on April 3, 1888. She was punched in the face and suffered a cut in her ear. A blunt object was also inserted into her vagina, tearing her abdominal floor. She developed peritonitis and died the next day in a London hospital. Smith said she was attacked by two or three men, one of whom she described as a teenager. The attack was linked to more recent press killings, but most authors attribute Smith's murder to the general violence of an East End gang unrelated to the Ripper case. Tabram was killed in a stairwell in George Yard, Whitechapel, on 7 August 1888; She suffered 39 stab wounds to her throat, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, abdomen and abdomen, as well as additional stab wounds to her chest and vagina. All but one of Tabram's wounds were inflicted with a bladed tool, such as a penknife, and, with one possible exception, all wounds were inflicted with his right hand. Tabram was not raped. The savagery of this murder, the lack of an obvious motive, the proximity of the place and the date to the later canonical murders of the Ripper led the police to link this murder to the murders later committed by Jack the Ripper. However, this murder differs from the later canonical killings, because although Tabram was repeatedly stabbed, she did not receive any slash wounds in her throat or abdomen. Many experts do not link Tabram's murder to the later killings because of this difference in the structure of the wounds. Canonical five canonical five victims of the Ripper Mary Ann Nichols, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth Stride, Catherine Eddows and Mary Jane Kelly. The body of Mary Ann Nichols was discovered at about 3.40am on Friday 31 August 1888 in Bucks Row (now Durward Street), Whitechapel. Nichols was last seen alive about an hour before discovering her body was Mrs Emily Holland, with whom she had previously shared a bed on the commons on Trout Street, Spitalfields, heading towards Whitechapel Road. Her throat was torn by two deep cuts, one of which completely tore all the tissues to the vertebrae. The ranger suffered two stab wounds twice and her lower abdomen was partially torn by a deep jagged wound, causing her bowel to protrude. Several other incisions in both sides of the abdomen were also caused by the same knife; each of these wounds was inflicted in a downward shoving manner. 29 Hanbury Street. The door through which Annie Chapman and her killer walked into the yard where her body was found is under the property sign a week later, on Saturday 8 September 1888, Annie Chapman's body was found at about 6am near the steps to the door of the backyard of 29 Hanbury Street, Spitalfields. As in the case of Mary Ann Nichols, her throat was torn by two deep cuts. Her stomach was completely cut and some of the flesh from her abdomen was placed on her left shoulder and another patch of skin and flesh, plus her small intestine was removed and placed above her right shoulder. Chapman's autopsy also revealed that her uterus and areas of her bladder and vagina had been removed. At the Chapman murder investigation, Elizabeth Long described seeing Chapman standing at about 29 Hanbury Street about 5.30am in the company of a dark-haired man in a brown deer stalker hat and dark coat, as well as a sweaty. According to the witness, the man asked Chapman, Will you? to which Chapman replied, Yes. Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddows were killed in the early hours of Sunday, September 30, 1888. Stryde's body was found at about 1am in The Datfield Yard, on Berner Street (now Henriques Street) in Whitechapel. The cause of death was one clear incision measuring six inches on his neck, which tore the left carotid artery and trachea before ending under his right jaw. The absence of any further injuries to her body led to uncertainty as to whether Straya's murder was committed by the Ripper or whether he was interrupted during the attack. Several witnesses later told police that they saw Stryde in the company of a man in or near Berner Street on the evening of September 29 and in the early hours of September 30, but each gave different descriptions: some said that her companion was fair, others dark; some said he was shabbily dressed, others well dressed. A modern police drawing of The Catherine Eddows' body, found in Mitra Square, was found in Mitre Square in the City of London, three-quarters of an hour after being discovered Elizabeth Stride's body. Her throat was torn and her stomach torn with a long, deep and jagged wound before her bowel was placed over her right shoulder. The left kidney and most of the uterus were removed, and her face was mutilated, with her nose cut off, her cheek cut, and the cuts measuring a quarter of an inch and a half inches respectively vertically cut through each of her eyelids. The triangular incision, the top of which pointed to Eddows' eye, was also cut on each of her cheeks, and part of her ear and right ear lobes were later removed from her clothes. The police surgeon who performed the autopsy on Eddogues' body said he believed the injuries should have ended at least five minutes. A local cigarette salesman named Joseph Lowende walked through the square with two friends shortly before the murder, and he described seeing a blond man in a shabby appearance with a woman who may have been Eddows. Lowand's teammates could not confirm his description. The murders of Stryd and Eddous eventually became known as a double event. Part of Eddowe's bloodied apron was found at the entrance to an apartment building on Gulston Street, Whitechapel, at 2:55 a.m., on a wall directly above this piece of apron, which read, Juve are people who will not be blamed for anything. This graffiti became known as graffiti on Gulston Street. The message appears to imply that a Jew or Jew in general is responsible for a series of murders, but it is unclear whether the graffiti was written by the killer on the reset section of the apron, or was simply random and nothing to do with the case. Such graffiti was common in Whitechapel. Police Commissioner feared the graffiti could cause anti-Semitic disorder and ordered the writing washed away before dawn. Mary Jane Kelly's widely disfigured and disembodied body was found lying on a bed in the same room where she lived at 13 Millers Court, near Dorset Street, Spitalfields, at 10.45am on Friday 9 November 1888. Her face was hacked beyond recognition and her throat was torn to the spine and her stomach almost emptied of his organs. Her uterus, kidneys and one breast were placed under her head, while the other inside of her body was placed next to her leg, near the bed and sections of her abdomen and thighs on the nightstand. My heart went missing from the crime scene. The official police photograph of The Body of Mary Jane Kelly, discovered in 13 Miller's Yard, Spitalfields, on November 9, 1888. (63) as the series of killings continued, it became increasingly severe, with the exception of Stryder's murder, whose attacker may have been interrupted. Nichols is not missing any organs; Chapman's uterus and sections of the bladder and vagina were taken; Eddows removed the uterus and left kidney, and the face is disfigured; and Kelly's body was widely eviscerated, with her face gashed in all directions and the tissue of her neck being torn to the bone, although the heart was the only body missing at this crime scene. Historically, the belief that these five canonical murders were committed by the same perpetrator stems from modern documents that link them together with the exception of others. In 1894, Sir Melville McNachten, Assistant of the Metropolitan Police Service and head of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID), wrote a report saying: Whitechapel's killer had five victims - only five victims. Similarly, the canonical five victims were linked in a letter written by police surgeon Thomas Bond to Robert Anderson, head of London's CID, on 10 November 1888. Some researchers have suggested that some of the killings were undoubtedly the case of one killer, but an unknown number of independently-acting killers were responsible for other crimes. Authors Stuart. Evans and Donald Rumbelow argue that the canonical five are the Myth of the Ripper and that the three cases (Nichols, Chapman and Eddows) may definitely be related to the same perpetrator, but there is less certainty that Stride and Kelly were also killed by the same person. Conversely, others suggest that the six murders between Tabram and Kelly were the case of one killer. Dr Percy Clarke, assistant to the examined pathologist George Bagster Phillips, linked only three murders and thought the others were committed by a weak man. induced to emulate the crime. McNaghten did not join the police until a year after the murder, and his memorandum contains serious factual errors regarding possible suspects. Whitechapel later kills Mary Jane Kelly, usually considered the Last Victim of the Ripper, and it is assumed that the crimes ended due to the death of the perpetrator, imprisonment, institutionalization or emigration. The Whitechapel murder case details four other murders that followed the canonical five: the murders of Rose Millett, Alice McKenzie, the pinchine on Pinchin Street and Frances Coles. The strangled body of 26-year-old Rose Millett was found on December 20, 1888, in Clark's yard on The High Street in Poplar. There was no sign of a struggle and police believed she either accidentally hanged herself with a collar while in a drunken stupor or committed suicide. However, the weak marking left by the cord on one her neck suggested Mylett was strangled. At the death investigation of Millett, the jury delivered a verdict of murder. Alice McKenzie was killed shortly after midnight on July 17, 1889, in Castle Alle, Whitechapel. She suffered two stab wounds to her neck and her left carotid artery was severed. Several minor bruises and cuts were found on her body, which also had a seven-2-0 superficial wound stretching between her left breast and her navel. One of the investigative pathologists, Thomas Bond, believed it was the Ripper's murder, although his colleague George Baxter Phillips, who examined the bodies of the three previous victims, disagreed. Opinions between the writers are also divided between those who suspect that McKenzie's killer copied Jack the Ripper's working methods to deflect suspicion from him, and those who attribute the murder to Jack the Ripper. The Pinchin Street Torso was the decomposing headless and legless torso of an unidentified woman in her 30s and 40s, discovered under a railway arch on Pinchin Street, Whitechapel, on September 10, 1889. The bruises on the victim's back, hip and arm showed that the victim had been severely beaten shortly before her death. The victim's stomach was also severely mutilated, although her genitals were not injured. She was apparently killed about a day before her torso was found. It is believed that the dismembered body parts were transported to a railway arch hidden under the old chemistry. Frances Coles was found with her throat slit under a railway arch in Whitechapel on 13 February 1891. At 2.15am on February 13, 1891, PC Ernest Thompson discovered a 25-year-old prostitute named Frances Coles lying under a railway arch in Swallow Gardens, Whitechapel. Her throat was deeply slit, but her body was not mutilated, resulting in what some believe Thompson violated her attacker. Coles was still alive, although she died before medical attention could arrive. James Thomas Sadler, 53, was previously seen drinking with Coles and it is understood they were arguing about three hours before her death. Sadler was arrested by police and charged with her murder. For a time he was considered the Ripper, but was later dismissed from court for lack of evidence on March 3, 1891. Other alleged victims in addition to Whitechapel's eleven murders, commentators have linked other attacks to the Ripper. In the case of Fairy Fay, it is unclear whether this attack was real or fabricated as part of the Ripper's knowledge. Fairy Fay is a nickname given to an unidentified woman whose body was allegedly found in a doorway near Commercial Road on December 26, 1887, after the stake was shoved through her stomach but was not recorded in Whitechapel at or around Christmas 1887. Fairy Fay seems to have been created by a confusing press report about the murder of Emma Elizabeth Smith, who had a stick or other blunt object stuck in her vagina. Most authors agree that the victim of Fairy Fay never existed. A 38-year-old widow named Annie Millwood was admitted to Whitechapel Workhouse Infirmary with multiple stab wounds to her legs and lower torso on 25 February 1888, telling staff that she had been attacked with a knife on 31 March. Millwood was later postulated as the Ripper's first victim, although the attack could not be definitively linked to the perpetrator. Another alleged docanonic victim was a young dressmaker named Ada Wilson, who reportedly survived after being stabbed twice in the neck with a knife on the doorstep of her bow home on 28 March 1888. Another alleged victim, Annie Farmer, lived in the same house as Martha Tabram and reported the attack on 21 November 1888. She got a superficial cut on her throat. Despite the fact that an unknown man with blood on his lips and hands dried up from this boarding house, shouting , Look what she did! before two witnesses heard Farmer's cry, her wound may have been self-inflicted. The Whitehall Mystery is a term coined to discover the headless torso of a woman on 2 October 1888 in the basement of the new Headquarters of the Metropolitan Police, built in Whitehall. The arm and shoulder belonging to the body were previously found floating in the Thames near Pimlico on 11 September, and the left leg was later found buried near the site where the torso was found on 17 October. The remaining limbs and head were never found and the body was never identified. The injuries were similar to those in the case of the torso on Pinchin Street, where the legs and head were cut off, but not the hands. The Mystery of Whitehall of October 1888 and the mystery of Whitehall and the Pinchin Street case may have been part of a series of murders called The Secrets of the Thames by a serial killer dubbed the Torso Killer. It's debatable whether Jack the Ripper and the Torso killer were the same person or individual serial killers operating in the same area. The methods of Thorso's killer were different from the Ripper's, and the police at the time discounted any connection between them. Elizabeth Jackson was a prostitute whose various body parts were collected from the thames for three weeks in June 1889. She may have been another victim of Torso's killer. On December 29, 1888, the body of a seven-year-old boy named John Gill was found in a stable neighborhood in Manningham, The boy's legs were cut off, his stomach was opened, his intestines were stretched, his heart and one ear were removed. The resemblance to the Ripper's murders led to speculation in the press that Jack the Ripper had killed him. The boy's employer, milkman William Barrett, was arrested twice for murder but was released due to insufficient evidence. No one has ever been prosecuted. Carrie Brown (nicknamed Shakespeare was reportedly strangled for quoting Shakespeare's sonnets) and then stabbed on April 24, 1891, in New York. Her body was found with a large ruptured groin area and superficial cuts to her legs and back. No organs were removed from the scene, although the ovary was found on the bed, either intentionally removed or inadvertently dislodged. The murder was being compared to the Whitechapel murder at the time, although the Metropolitan Police eventually ruled out any connection. Investigating inspector Frederick Abberlin Said most of the files of the London police linked to their investigation into the Whitechapel killings were destroyed in the Blitz. Surviving Files of the Metropolitan Police allow you to look in detail investigative procedures in the . A large group of police officers conducted home investigations throughout Whitechapel. Forensic materials were collected and studied. Suspects have been identified, identified and either more thoroughly examined or excluded from the investigation. Modern policing is proceeding in the same way. More than 2,000 people were interviewed, over 300 people were investigated and 80 were detained. Following the murders of Stryd and Eddows, the Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir James Fraser offered a reward of 500 pounds for the arrest of the Ripper. The investigation was originally carried out by the Metropolitan Police's Whitechapel (H) Criminal Investigation Unit, led by Detective Inspector Edmund Reed. Following Nichols' murder, detectives Frederick Abberlin, Henry Moore and Walter Andrews were dispatched from Scotland Yard's Central Office to assist. London police were involved under Detective Inspector James McWilliam after the murder of Eddous in the City of London. The overall direction of the murder investigation was hampered by the fact that the newly appointed head of CID, Robert Anderson, was on leave in Switzerland between 7 September and 6 October, at the time Chapman, Stride and Eddows were killed. This prompted Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir Charles Warren to appoint Chief Inspector to co-ordinate the Scotland Yard investigation. Butchers, slaughterhouses, surgeons and doctors were suspected because of the method of mutilation. Surviving notes from Major Henry Smith, Acting Commissioner Police indicated that the alibis of local butchers and slaughterers had been investigated, resulting in them being excluded from the investigation. Inspector Swanson's report to the confirms that 76 butchers and slaughterers have been visited and that the investigation has covered all of their staff in the previous six months. Some modern figures, including , believed that the nature of the killings indicated that the culprit was a butcher or a pastoralist on one of the cattle boats that had been soaked between London and continental Europe. Whitechapel was close to the London docks, and usually such boats moored on Thursday or Friday and departed on Saturday or Sunday. Livestock boats were examined, but the dates of the killing did not coincide with the movements of one boat, and the transfer of a crew member between the boats was also excluded. Blind Man Positive Effect: Punch cartoon by John Tenniel (September 22, 1888) criticizes alleged police incompetence. The inability of the police to catch the killer reinforced the radicals' position that the police were inept and unsouthed. In September 1888, a group of volunteers in London's East End formed the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee. They patrolled the streets in search of suspicious characters, partly because of dissatisfaction with the police's inability to apprehend the perpetrator, and because some members were concerned that the killings were affecting businesses in the area. The Committee asked the Government to call on the Government to be rewarded for information leading to the murder's arrest, offered them their own reward of 50 pounds for information leading to his capture, and hired private detectives to independently investigate witnesses. In late October, Robert Anderson asked police surgeon Thomas Bond to give his opinion on the extent of the killer's surgical prowess and knowledge. Bond's view of the character of Whitechapel's Killer is the earliest surviving profile of the perpetrator. Bond's assessment was based on his own study of the most widely mutilated victim and posthumous notes of four previous canonical murders. He wrote: All five murders were undoubtedly committed with one hand. In the first four throats appear to have been cut from left to right, in the latter case, due to extensive injuries, it is impossible to say in which direction the fatal cut was made, but arterial blood was found on the wall in splashes close to where the woman's head must have been lying. All the circumstances surrounding the killings will overshadow the view that the women must have been lying when they were killed, and in each case the throat was first slit. Bond was vehemently opposed to the idea that the killer possessed any or anatomical knowledge, or even technical knowledge of a butcher or a horseboy. In his opinion, the killer must have been a man of solitary habits, subjected to periodic attacks of murderous and erotic mania, with the nature of the injuries, possibly indicating satiriaz. Bond also stated that the murderous impulse may have evolved from a vengeful or brooding state of mind, or that religious mania may have been the original disease, but I don't think any of the hypotheses are likely. There is no evidence that the perpetrator engaged in sexual activity with any of the victims, but psychologists suggest that the penetration of the victims with a knife and leaving them on display in sexually degrading positions with wounds indicates that the perpetrator received sexual pleasure from the attacks. This view is disputed by others who reject such hypotheses as an unsupported assumption. In addition to the contradictions and unreliability of modern accounts, attempts to identify the killer are hampered by the lack of any surviving forensic evidence. DNA analysis on waiting letters is inconclusive; The available material has been processed many times and is too contaminated to produce meaningful results. There were mutually incompatible claims that DNA evidence pointed to two different suspects, and the methodology of both was also criticized. The main article of the suspects: Jack the Ripper suspects speculation regarding the identity of Jack the Ripper: the cover of the magazine issue of Puck of September 21, 1889, cartoonist Tom Merry Concentration murders on weekends and holidays and within minutes of each other showed many that the Ripper was at a regular job and lived on the spot. Others thought the killer was an educated upper-class man, perhaps a doctor or an aristocrat, who ventured into Whitechapel from a more complete area. Such theories are based on cultural perceptions such as fear of the medical profession, distrust of modern science, or exploitation of the poor by the rich. The suspects, proposed years after the murder, include virtually everyone who is remotely linked to the case under modern documents, as well as many well-known names who have never been considered in a police investigation, including a member of the British royal family. All the living at that time are long dead, and modern authors can accuse anyone without any need for any corroborating historical evidence. The suspects named in modern police documents include three in Sir Melville McNahten's 1894 memorandum, but the evidence against these individuals is, at best, circumstantial. There are many, varied theories about the personality and profession of Jack the Ripper, but the power of any of them are agreed upon, and the number of named suspects reaches more than a hundred. Despite the continued interest in the case, the Ripper's identity remains unknown. The term ripperology was coined to describe the study and analysis of the Ripper's cases, and the murders inspired numerous works of art. Letters jack the Ripper letters to Saucy Jacky postcard Openshaw letter to Vte During the murder of Whitechapel, police, newspapers and others received hundreds of letters in the case. Some of the letters were well-intentioned suggestions on how to catch the killer, but the vast majority of them were either hoaxes or even useless. Hundreds of letters that were allegedly written by the killer himself, and three of them in particular are outstanding: a letter Dear Boss, a postcard Saucy Jacky and a letter From Hell. The Dear Boss letter, dated 25 September and dated by postmark on 27 September 1888, was received on the same day by the Central News Agency and sent to Scotland Yard on 29 September. It was initially considered a hoax, but when Eddows was found three days after a letter stamp with a section of one ear obliquely cut from her body, the author's promise to cut off the ladies' (sic) ears caught the attention. Eddoway's ear appeared to have been engulfed by the killer by accident during his attack, and the author's threat to send his ears to the police was never carried out. The name Jack the Ripper was first used in this letter by the signatories and gained worldwide notoriety after its publication. Most of the subsequent letters copied the tone of the letter. Some sources claim that another letter dated September 17, 1888 was the first to use the name Jack the Ripper, but most experts believe that it was a fake inserted into police records in the 20th century. The postcard From Hell Saucy Jacky was published on October 1, 1888 and was received on the same day by the Central News Agency. The handwriting was similar to the Dear Boss letter and mentioned the canonical killings of 30 September, to which the author refers, writing a double event this time. It is alleged that the postcard was posted before the killings were made public, making it unlikely that the oddball would keep such knowledge of the crime. However, it was posted more than 24 hours after the killing, long after details of the killings were known and made public by reporters and became a common gossip community by Whitechapel residents. The letter From Hell was received by George Lusk, head of whitechapel's Vigilance Committee, on October 16, 1888. Handwriting and style unlike the letter Dear Boss and Sosi Jackie The letter came with a small box in which Lusk discovered half of the human kidneys preserved in the perfume of wine (ethanol). Eddows' left kidney was removed by the killer. The writer claimed he fried and ate the missing half of the kidney. There is disagreement about the kidney; some claim it belonged to Eddowes, while others claim it was a racing practical joke. The kidney was examined by Dr. Thomas Openshaw of the London Hospital, who found that she was human on the left side, but (contrary to false reports of the newspaper) he could not identify any other biological characteristics. Subsequently, Openshaw also received a letter with the caption Jack the Ripper. Scotland Yard published a facsimile of the Dear Boss letter and a postcard on October 3, ultimately in vain, hoping that a member of the public would learn the handwriting. Charles Warren explained in a letter to Godfrey Luchington, permanent undersecretary of state at the Home Office: I think it's all a hoax, but of course we have to try to establish a writer anyway. On October 7, 1888, George R. Sims in The Referee's Sunday newspaper sharply hinted that the letter was written by a journalist to throw the circulation of the newspaper sky high. Police later said they had identified the journalist as the author of the Dear Boss letter and the postcard. In a letter to Chief Inspector John Littlechild to George R. Sims dated September 23, 1913, the journalist was identified as Tom Bullen. In 1931, a journalist named Fred Best reportedly admitted that he and a colleague of The Star had written letters with the caption Jack the Ripper to increase interest in the killings and keep the business alive. Media September 8, 1888 edition of the Penny Illustrated document depicting the discovery of the body of the first canonical victim of the Ripper, Mary Ann Nichols Ripper murder signify an important watershed in the treatment of crimes by journalists. Jack the Ripper wasn't the first serial killer, but his case was the first to create a worldwide media frenzy. The Primary Education Act 1880 (which extended the previous Act) made school attendance compulsory regardless of class. Thus, by 1888, more working-class people in England and were literate. Tax reforms in the 1850s allowed the publication of low-cost newspapers with a wider circulation. These mushrooms into the later Victorian era to include a massive distribution of newspapers costing just half a penny, along with popular magazines such as The Illustrated Police News, which made the Ripper the beneficiary of previously unprecedented advertising. Thus, in the midst of the investigation, more than a million copies of newspapers with extensive coverage devoted to murders were sold every day. However, many articles were sensational and speculative, and false information was regularly published as a fact. In addition, several articles discussing the Ripper's identity referred to local xenophobic rumors that the perpetrator was either Jewish or Jewish. In early September, six days after the murder of Mary Ann Nichols, the Manchester Guardian reported: Whatever information is available to the police, they consider it necessary to keep it secret... It is believed that their attention is particularly focused on ... notorious character known as Leather Apron. Journalists were disappointed by CID's reluctance to disclose details of its investigation to the public, and therefore resorted to writing reports on dubious veracity. Imaginary descriptions of Leather Apron appeared in the press, but competing journalists dismissed them as a mythical result of a reporter's fantasy. John Pizer, a local Jew who made leather shoes, was known as Leather Apron and was arrested, although the investigator said that there is currently no evidence against him. He was soon released after confirming his alibi. Following the publication of the Dear Boss letter, Jack the Ripper supplanted Leather Apron as a name adopted by the press and the public to describe the killer. The name Jack has already been used to describe another legendary London attacker: Spring Jack, who allegedly jumped over walls to stab his victims and escape as quickly as he came. Inventing and adopting a nickname for a particular killer has become standard media practice with examples such as Axeman of New Orleans, Boston Strangler and Beltway Sniper. Examples obtained from Jack the Ripper include the French Ripper, the Dusseldorf Ripper, the Camden Ripper, the Blackout Ripper, Jack the Stripper, the Yorkshire Ripper, and the Rostov Ripper. Sensational press reports combined with the fact that no one has ever been convicted of murder, confused scientific analysis and created a legend that casts a shadow over later serial killers. Legacy of The Nemesis of Neglect: Jack the Ripper is depicted as a phantom haunting Whitechapel, and as the embodiment of social neglect, in the 1888 cartoon Punch The Nature of the Ripper's Murders and the impoverished lifestyle of the victims of 191 drew attention to poor living conditions in the East End and galvanized public opinion against overcrowding, unsanitary slums. In the two decades since the killings, the worst slums have been cleaned and destroyed, but the streets and some buildings survive, and the legend of the Ripper still contributes to various tours of murder sites and other places pertaining Case. For years, Public House on Commercial Street (which was frequented by at least one of the Easterners' canonical victims) has been at the center of such tours. Immediately after the murders, and then, Jack the Ripper became a child's scarecrow. The images were often fantastic or monstrous. In the 1920s and 1930s, he was depicted in the film, dressed in everyday clothes, as a man with a hidden secret, preying on his unsuspecting victims; atmosphere and evil were offered through light effects and shadowplay. By the 1960s, the Ripper had become a symbol of predatory aristocracy and was often depicted in a top hat in a gentleman's suit. The institution as a whole became a villain, and the Ripper acted as a manifestation of the exploitation of the upper class. The Ripper's image merged with horror symbols such as Dracula's cloak or Victor Frankenstein's organ collection. The fictional world of the Ripper can merge with several genres, from to Japanese erotic horror. Jack the Ripper is featured in hundreds of works of art and works that cross the lines between fact and fiction, including the Ripper's letters and the hoax diary: The Diary of Jack the Ripper. The Ripper appears in novels, stories, poems, comics, games, songs, plays, operas, television programs and movies. More than 100 non-fiction works deal exclusively with the murders of Jack the Ripper, making it one of the most written about the truth of the crime theme. The term ripperology was coined by Colin Wilson in the 1970s to describe the study of the case by professionals and amateurs. The periodicals Ripperana, Ripperologist and Ripper Notes publish their research. The Jack the Ripper Museum opened in east London in 2015. In Madame Tussauds' House of Horrors there is no wax figure of Jack the Ripper, unlike numerous killers of lesser fame, in accordance with their policy does not model people whose likeness is unknown. Instead, it is depicted as a shadow. In 2006, BBC History magazine and its readers chose Jack the Ripper as the worst Briton in history. See. also The List of Fugitives From Justice Who Disappeared List of Killers by Victims List of Serial Killers to 1900 London Monster Notes - Serial Killers: The True Crime of ISBN 978-0-7835-0001-0 p. 93 - Kershen, Anne J., Whitechapel Immigrant Community during the murders of Jack the Ripper, in Werner, 65-97; Laura Vaughan, East End Maze Map, in Werner, p. 225 - b c Black Museum Murders: 1870-1970 ISBN 978-1-854-71160-1 p. 54 - The Life and Work of the People in London (London: Macmillan, 1902-1903) (Charles Booth Archive on-line) retrieved August 5, 2008 Letters ISBN 978-0-521-26213-2 p. 147 - Jack the Ripper: Why is a serial killer who disembodied women deserve a museum?. Telegraph. July 30, 2015. Received on February 21, 2020. Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, page 1; Police report of October 25, 1888, MEPO 3/141 ff. 158-163, cited in Evans and Skinner, Ultimate Jack the Ripper Source, page 283; Fido, page 82; Rumbelow, page 12 - Full Jack The Ripper ISBN 978-0-75354150-0 p. 14 - Jack the Ripper: Complete Casebook ISBN 978-0-425- 11869-6 p. 30 - Begg, JackRoel The Ripper Final Story, 131-149; Evans and Rumbelow, 38-42; Rumbelow, p. 21-22 - Marriott, John, Imaginary Geography of Whitechapel Murders, in Werner, p. 31-63 - Haggard, Robert F. (1993), Jack the Ripper as a threat to the banishment of London, Essays in history, vol. 35, Corcoran Department of History at the University of Virginia and Woods and Baddeley, page 20 and b Crimes, London Metropolitan Police, extracted October 1, 2014 - Cook, page 33-34; Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, page 3, Cook, page 151 and b c d Keppel, Robert D.; Joseph G. Weiss; Katherine M. Brown; Welch, Kristen (2005), Jack the Ripper murder: modus operandi and signature analysis of the 1888-1891 Whitechapel murders, Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offenders Profiling, 2 (1): 1-21, doi:10.1002/jip.22 - Evans and Rubbelow, page 47-55 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: Facts, p. 29-30 - Begg, Jack the Ripper Final: Final Story, 27-28; Evans and Rumbelov, 47-50; Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Source, page 4-7 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, page 28; Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, page 4-7, for example, The Star, September 8, 1888, quoted in Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, p. 155-156 and Cook, p. 62, b d e Davenport-Hines, Richard (2004). Jack the Ripper (fla. 1888), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Subscription required for the online version. Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, page 29-31; Evans and Rumbelov, 47-50; Marriott, Trevor, page 5-7 and b Begg, Jack the Ripper: Facts, page 35 and Jack the Ripper: The Final Story of ISBN 0-582-50631-X p. 63 - Crimes, Detection and Death of Jack ripper ISBN 978-1-566-19537-9 p. 17 - Evans and Rumbelow, p. 51-55 - Evans and Rumbelow, page 51-55; Marriott, Trevor, page 13 and 3000 Facts about historical figures ISBN 978-0-244-67383-3 p. 171 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: Facts, p. 43 - Whittington-Egan, Killing Almanac, page 91 - Old Wounds: Re-Exploring Buck's Row Murder. casebook.org. April 2, 2004. Received on September 4, 2020. Another terrible tragedy in Whitechapel. casebook.org. April 2, 2004. Received on September 2, 2020. Eddleston, r. Evans and Rumbelow, 60-61; Rumbelow, p. 24-27 - Rumbelow, page 42 - Black Museum Murders: 1870-1970 ISBN 978-0-863-79040-9 p. 55-56 - Jack the Ripper - Through the Fog of Time ISBN 978-1-782-28168-9 p. 21 - Marriott, Trevor, p. 26-29; Rumbelow, page 42 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: Facts, page 76 - Jack the Ripper ISBN 978-0-760-78716-8 p. 36 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, page 153; Cook, page 163; Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, page 98; Marriott, Trevor, p. 59-75 - Holmes, Profiling Violent Crimes: Investigative Tool, page 233 - Naming Jack the Ripper: New Crime Scene Evidence, Stunning Forensic Breakthrough ISBN 978-1-447-26423-1 p. 60 - Cook, page 157; Marriott, Trevor, page 81-125 - Wilson et al., page 38 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, p. 176-184 - Foul and Suspicious Deaths in London's East End ISBN 978-1-845-63001-0 p. 88 - Jack the Ripper - Through the Fog Time ISBN 978-1-782-28168-9 p. 27 - Eddowes he's Kate Kelly. casebook.org January 1, 2010. Received on April 27, 2020. The medical report at the Coroner's Inquest, No. 135, London Records Corporation, is cited in Evans and Skinner, page 205-207 and Fido, page 70-74 and b Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, page 193-194; Chief Inspector Swanson's report, 6 November 1888, HO 144/221/A49301C, cited in Evans and Skinner, page 185-188, for example, Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, page 30; Rumbelow, p. 118 - Ripper Notes: Legend Continues ISBN 978-0-978-91122-5 p. 35 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: Facts, page 179 - Eddleston, page 171 - Cook, page 143; Fido, page 47-52; Sugden, page 254 - Letter from Charles Warren to Godfrey Luchington, Permanent Under Secretary of State of the Ministry of the Interior, November 6, 1888, HO 144/221/A49301C, cited in Evans and Skinner, Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, page. 183-184 - Foul case and suspicious deaths in London's East End ISBN 978-1-781-59662-3 p. 95 , Holmes, Profiles of Violent Crimes: Investigative Tool, page 239 p. 292-293 - Dr. Thomas Bond notes examining the body of a woman found murdered and mutilated on Dorset Street MEPO 3/3153 ff. 12-14, cited in Sugden, page 315, 319 , for example, Daily Telegraph, 10 November 1888, cited in Evans and Skinner, Final Jack the Ripper Source, p. 339-340 - Macnaghten Notes quoted by Evans and Skinner, Final Jack the Ripper Source, p. 584-587; Fido, page 98 - Eddleston, page 70 - Cook, page 151; Woods and Baddeley, page 85 and McNahten notes quoted by Cook, page 151; Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, page 584-587 and Rumbelow, page 140 - b c c d e f Letter from Thomas Bond to Robert Anderson, November 10, 1888, HO 144/221/A49301C, в Эвансе и Скиннере, The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Ripper 360-362 and Rubbelov, page 145-147, for example. Cook, page 156-159, 199 - Evans and Rumbelow, page 260 - Interview in the East London Observer, May 14, 1910, quoted in Cook, p. 179-180 and Evans and Rumbelow, page 239 , Marriott, Marriott, pp. 231-234; Rumbelow, page 157 - Alias Jack the Ripper: In addition to the usual suspects Whitechapel ISBN 978-1-476-62973-5 p. 179 - Jack the Ripper: Forgotten Victims ISBN 978-1-306-47495-5 p. 125 - b Evans and Rumbelow, page 245-246; Evans and Skinner, Ultimate Jack the Ripper Source, page 422-439 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: Facts, page 314 - Rose Mylett (1862-1888). casebook.org January 1, 2010. Received on April 19, 2020. Alice McKenzie, a.k.a. Clay Pipe Alice, Alice Bryant. casebook.org January 1, 2010. Received on April 26, 2020. Evans and Rumbelow, page 208-209; Rumbelow, page 131 and Evans and Rumbelow, page 209 - Marriott, Trevor, p. 195 - Eddleston, page 129 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: Facts, page 316 - Thames Torso murders in Victorian London ISBN 978-1-476-61665-0 p. 159 and Rumbelow, p. 210; Evans and Skinner, Ultimate Jack the Ripper Source, page 480-515 and Fido, page 113; Evans and Skinner (2000), page 551-557 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: Facts, page 317 and b Evans and Rumbelow, page 218-222; Evans and Skinner, Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, page 551-568 and b Evans, Stuart P; Connell, Nicholas (2000). The man who hunted Jack the Ripper. ISBN 1-902791-05-3 - b c Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Facts, pp. 21-25 - The Importance of Faye Faye and her relationship with Emma Smith. casebook.org January 1, 2010. Received on April 25, 2020. Fido, page 15 - The name Fairy Fay was first used by Terrence Robinson in Reynold's News, October 29, 1950, for lack of a better name. Evans and Skinner, Ultimate Jack the Ripper Source, page 3 and Sugden pp. 5-6 - Eastern Post and City Chronicle, 7 April 1888 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: Facts, page 26, Beadle, William (2009), Jack the Ripper: Unmasked, London: John Blake, ISBN 978-1-84454-688-6, page 75 and Beadle, 77; Fido, page 16 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: Facts, page 27, for example, The Advertiser of East London, 31 March 1888 - Beadle, page 207 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: Facts, page 311-312 - Beadle, page 207; Evans and Rumbelow, page 202; Fido, page 100 - Evans and Rumbelow, page 142-144 - Scotland Yard is built at the crime scene related to the unsolved murder: the mystery of Whitehall. Vintage news. October 29, 2016. Received on April 19, 2020. a b Gordon, R. Michael (2002), Thames Torso Murders Victorian London, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company, ISBN 978-0-7864-1348-5 Evans and Rumbelow, p. 210-213 - Gordon, R. Michael (2003), American Murders of Jack the Ripper, Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Publishing, ISBN 978-0-275-98155-6, page xxii, 190 - Disturbing tale of murder in the Victorian and Argus. November 21, 2017. Received on May 8, 2020. a b c Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, 136 and b c Vanderlinden, Wolf (2003- 2004). New York's case against the Ripper marks Part 16 (July 2003); Part 2 No. 17 (January 2004), Part 3 No. 19 (July 2004 ISBN 0-9759129-0-9) - House: Introduction to the Case. casebook.org January 1, 2010. Received on April 16, 2020. b Kanter, David (1994), Criminal Shadows: Inside the Mind of a Serial Killer, London: HarperCollins, page 12-13, ISBN 0-00-255215-9 - Inspector Donald Swanson's report to the Home Office, October 19, 1888, HO 144/221/A49301C, quoted in Begg, Jack the Ripper Final Story, page 205; Evans and Rumbelow, page 113; Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Source, page 125 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: Facts, page 184 - The Enduring Mystery of Jack the Ripper, London Metropolitan Police, archived from the original February 4, 2010, extracted January 31, 2010 - Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, page 675 - Begg, Jack The Ripper: Final Story, page 250; Evans and Rumbelow, page 84-85, Rumbelow, p. 274 - Inspector Donald Swanson's Report to the Home Office, October 19, 1888, HO 144/221/A49301C, cited in Begg, Jack the Ripper: Final Story, page 206 and Evans and The Ultimate Skinner Jack's Sourcebook, page 125 and Marriott, John, Imaginary Geography murders Whitechapel, in Werner, page 48 Daily Telegraph, November 10, 1888, cited in Evans and Skinner, Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, page 341 by Robert Anderson at the Home Office, 10 January 1889, 144/221/A49301C ff. 235-6, cited by Evans and Skinner, Final Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, page 399 pp. 57 - Jack the Ripper - Through the fogs of time ISBN 978-1-782-28168-9 p. 22 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: Facts, p. 128 , for example, Evans and Skinner, Ultimate Jack the Ripper Source, page 245-252 - Evans and Rumbelow, p. 186-187; Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, page 359-360 - Kanter, page 5-6 - Woods and Baddeley, p. 38 - See also the later contemporary editions of Richard von Krafft-Ebing Psychopathia Sexualis, quoted in Woods and Baddeley, p. 111 - Evans and Rumbelow, p. 187-188, 261; Woods and Baddeley, page 121-122 - Cook, 31, Marks, Katie (May 18, 2006). Was Jack the Ripper a woman? The Independent, received may 5, 2009 - Meikle, page 197; Rumbelow, page 246 - Connor, Steve (September 7, 2014), Jack the Ripper: Is the identity of the infamous serial killer revealed by new DNA evidence?, The Independent and Marriott, Trevor, p. 205; Rumbelov, page 263; Sugden, page 266 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, page 43 - Woods and Baddeley, page 111-114 - 7 people suspected of being Jack the Ripper. history.com. 16 Received on 14 October 2020. Evans and Rumbelow, page 261, for example, by Frederick Abberlin in Pall Mall Gazette, March 31, 1903, cited in Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, page 264 and B Whiteway, Ken (2004). Jack the Ripper Literature Guide, Canadian Legal Library Review, vol. 29 p. 219-229 - Eddleston, p. 195-244 - Whittington-Egan, p. 91-92 - Donald McCormick is estimated to be at least 2000 (quote in Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, p. 180). Illustrated news police dated October 20, 1888 said that about 700 emails were investigated by the police (quote in Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, p. 199). More than 300 have survived at the Corporation for London Records Office (Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, page 149). Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, 165; Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, page 105; Rumbelow, page 105-116 - More than 200 are preserved at the State Recording Office (Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, page 8, 180). Fido, 6-10; Marriott, Trevor, page 219 ff. - Cook, page 76-77; Evans and Rumbelov, page 137; Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, page 16-18; Woods and Baddeley, 48-49 - Cook, 78-79; Marriott, Trevor, page 221 and Cook, page 79; Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, page 179; Marriott, Trevor, page 221 and Cook, 77-78; Evans and Rumbelow, page 140; Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, page 193; Fido, page 7, Cook, page 87; Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, page 652 and Eddleston, page 155; Marriott, Trevor, page 223, Marriott, Trevor, page 223, Marriott, Trevor, page 219-222, b. 79-80; Fido, 8-9; Marriott, Trevor, page 219-222; Rumbelow, page 123, for example, Cullen, Tom (1965), Autumn of Terror, London: Head of Bodley, page 103 and Sugden p.269 - b Evans and Rumbelow, page 170; Fido, page 78-80 - Hype and the Press Speculation, London Metropolitan Police, extracted October 1, 2014 - Wolf, Gunther (2008), Kidney from Hell? Nephrological view of the murders in Whitechapel in 1888, Nephrological Dialysis Transplantation, 23 (10): 3343-3349, doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn198, PMID 18408073 - Cook, p. 146; Fido, p. 78 - Jack the Ripper Letter Made Public, BBC, 19 April 2001, extracted January 2, 2010 - Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, p. 32-33 - Letter from Charles Warren Godfrey Luchington, 10 October 1888, Metropolitan Police Archive MEPO 1/48, quoted in Cook, 78; Evans and Rumbelow, page 140 and Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, page 43 - Citation in Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, 41, 52 and Woods and Baddeley, p. 54 and Cook, page 94-95; Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, page 45-48; Evans and Final Jack the Ripper Source, page 624-633; Marriott, Trevor, page 219-222; Rumbelov, page 121-122 - Citation in Cook, page 96-97; Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, page 49; Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, page 193; and Marriott, Trevor, page 254 - Professor Francis E. Camp, August 1966, More on Jack the Ripper, Crime and Detection, cited in Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, p. 51-52 - b Woods and Baddeley, page 20, 52 Education in England: History. educationengland.org.uk on June 1, 1998. Received on September 14, 2020. Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, page 208 - Curtis, L. Perry Jr. (2001). Jack the Ripper and the London press. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08872-8 - Jack the Ripper. psychologytoday.com. 27 January 2004. Received on January 23, 2020. The killers who chase the screen. Borhamwood and the Elstree Times. November 30, 2006. Received on January 23, 2020. Horror of horror. Whitechapel in a panic in another diabolical crime. The fourth victim of the maniac. casebook.org January 1, 2010. Received on June 1, 2020. John Pizer. casebook.org January 1, 2010. Received on June 1, 2020. Ignacio Peiro. Who was Jack the Ripper?. nationalgeographic.co.uk. received on June 1, 2020. Manchester Keeper, 6 September 1888, cited in Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, page 98 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, page 214 , for example, Manchester Keeper, 10 September 1888, and Austin Statesman, 5 September 1888, cited in Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, page 98-99; The Star, September 5, 1888, is quoted in Evans and Rumbelow, page 80 - Leytonstone Express and The Independent, 8 September 1888, cited in Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, page 99 and b, for example, Marriott, Trevor, page 251; Rumbelow, p. 49 - Report by Inspector Joseph Helson, CID 'J' Division, in the Metropolitan Police Archive, MEPO 3/140 ff. 235-8, cited in Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, page 99 and Evans and Skinner, Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, page 24 and Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell, page 13, 86; Fido, page 7, Ackroyd, Peter, Introduction, in Werner, page 10; Rivett and Whitehead, page 11, Marriott, John, Imaginary Geography of Whitechapel Murders, in Werner, p. 54 - Whitechapel Murders. Western Mail. November 17, 1888. Received on February 9, 2020. Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, page 1-2; Rivett and Whitehead, 15, Cook, 139-141; Vaughan, Laura, East End Maze Map, in Werner, p. 236-237 - Dennis, Richard, Common Apartments and Furniture Rooms: housing in the 1880s Whitechapel, in Werner, p. 177- 179, Rumbelow, p xv; Woods and Baddeley, page 136 - Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, page 19, Rosa, Walter (1938). I caught Crippen. London: and the Son. p. 126, cited in Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Final Story, p. 198 and b Bloom, Clive, Jack the Ripper - Legacy in pictures, in Werner, page 251 - Woods and Baddeley, page 150 , Bloom, Clive, Jack the Ripper - Legacy in Pictures, in Werner, page 252-253 , Bloom, Clive, Jack the Ripper - Legacy in Pictures, in Werner, p. 255-260 - Begg, Jack The Ripper: Final Story, page 299; Marriott, Trevor, 272-277; Rumbelow, 251-253 - Woods and Buddeley, 70, 124, Evans, Stewart. (April 2003). The Ripper, a term coined ... ripper notes copies on Wayback and Casebook - Creaton, Heather (April 2003), a recent scholarship to Jack the Ripper and the Victorian media, Reviews in History (333), archive from the original September 28, 2006, Received 20 June 2018 - Homem, Nadia (August 5, 2015), Jack the Ripper Museum architect says he was cheated for changing plans, , extracted August 12, 2015 - Chapman, Pauline (1984). Madame Tussauds' Chamber of Horrors. London: Constable. page 96 - Warwick, Alexandra (2016), Crime Scene: The Invention of a Serial Killer, Social and Legal Research, 15 (4): 552-569, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.610.8479, doi:10.1177/0964666390606069547 - Jack the Ripper - worst Briton, 31 January 2006, BBC received December 4, 2009 - Woods and Baddely, page 176 Links Begg, Paul (2003). Jack the Ripper: The Ultimate Story. London: Pearson Education. ISBN 0-582-50631-X Begg, Paul (2004). Jack the Ripper: Facts. Barnes and the noble books. ISBN 978-0-760-77121-1 Bell, Neil R. A. (2016). Capture Jack the Ripper: In Bobby's Boots in Victorian England. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1-445-62162-3 Cook, Andrew (2009). Jack the Ripper. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84868-327-3 Curtis, Lewis Perry (2001). Jack the Ripper and the London press. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08872-8 Eddleston, John J. (2002). Jack the Ripper: Encyclopedia. London: Metro Books. ISBN 1-84358-046-2 Evans, Stuart P. Rumbelow, Donald (2006). Jack the Ripper: Scotland Yard is investigating. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-4228-2 Evans, Stuart P.; Skinner, Keith (2000). Final Jack the Ripper Source: Illustrated Encyclopedia. London: Constable and Robinson. ISBN 1-84119-225-2 Evans, Stuart P; Skinner, Keith (2001). Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-2549-3 Fido, Martin (1987), Crimes, Detection and Death of Jack the Ripper, London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, ISBN 0-297-79136-2 Holmes, Ronald M.; Holmes, Stephen T. (2002). Profiling violent crime: a tool of investigation. Thousand Oaks, Cay.: Sage Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-761-92594-5 Honeycombe, Gordon (1982), Black Museum Murders: 1870-1970, London: Bloomsbury Books, Marriott, Trevor (2005). Jack the Ripper: An investigation of the 21st century. London: John Blake. ISBN 1-84454-103-7 Meikle, Denis (2002). Jack the Ripper: Murders and Movies. Richmond, Surrey: Reynolds and Hearn Ltd. ISBN 1-903111-32-3 Rivett, Miriam; Whitehead, Mark (2006). Jack the Ripper. Harpenden, Hertfordshire: Pocket essentials. ISBN 978-1-904048-69-5 Rumbelow, Donald (2004). Full Jack the Ripper. Completely revised and updated. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-017395-6 Sugden, Philippe (2002). The full story of Jack the Ripper. Carroll and Earl Publishers. ISBN 0-7867-0276-1 Thurgood, Peter (2013). Abberlin: The man who hunted Jack the Ripper. History Press LLC ISBN 978-0-752-48810-3 Werner, Alex (editor, 2008). Jack the Ripper and the East End. London: Chatto and Windus. ISBN 978-0-7011-8247-2 Whittington-Egan, Richard; Whittington Egan, Molly (1992). The almanac of the murder. Glasgow: Neil Wilson Publishing. ISBN 978-1-897-78404-4 Wilson, Colin; Robin Odell; Gauthe, J. H. H. (1988). Jack the Ripper: Summing up and the verdict. London: Corgi Publishing. ISBN 978-0-552-12858-2 Woods, Paul; Baddeley, Gavin (2009). Suckie Jack: The Elusive Ripper. Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7110-3410-5 External Links Listen to this article This audio file was created from a revision of this article of March 5, 2011, and does not reflect subsequent edits. (Audio helpMore colloquial articles) media related to Jack the Ripper at Wikimedia Commons Works written or about Jack the Ripper on Wikisource Casebook: Jack the Ripper on casebook.org Whitechapel Jack: 1888 Autumn of Terror on whitechapeljack.com Home jack-the-ripper.org Contemporary News Articles Related to Murders, perfect Jack the Ripper 1988 century murder investigation committed by Jack the Ripper compiled by the FBI 2014 News Article focusing on modern methods of geographical profiling used to detect the most likely location Jack the Ripper lived Images and transcripts of letters claiming that from Jack the Ripper to the nationalarchives.gov.uk Encyclopedia Britannica article about Jack the Ripper article focusing on the murders committed by Jack The Ripper the complete history of jack the ripper. the complete history of jack the ripper pdf. the complete history of jack the ripper pdf free download. the complete history of jack the ripper by philip sugden. the complete history of jack the ripper summary. the complete history of jack the ripper epub. the complete history of jack the ripper philip sugden pdf. the complete history of jack the ripper book

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