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Status of the River Tana Salmon Populations 2016

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Status of the River Tana Salmon Populations 2016 STATUS OF THE RIVER TANA SALMON POPULATIONS 2016 Report of the Working Group on Salmon Monitoring and Research in the Tana River System Cited as: Anon. (2016) Status of the River Tana salmon populations 2016. Report of the Working Group on Salmon Monitoring and Research in the Tana River System. CONTENTS Summary ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Sammendrag ......................................................................................................................................................... 23 YHTEENVETO ........................................................................................................................................................... 41 The group mandate and presentation of members ............................................................................................. 60 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 61 1.1 Purpose of the report .......................................................................................................................... 61 1.2 Premises of the report ........................................................................................................................ 61 1.2.1 The Precautionary Approach .......................................................................................................... 61 1.2.2 Single- vs. mixed-stock fisheries ..................................................................................................... 62 1.2.3 Management and spawning targets ............................................................................................... 62 1.2.4 Data basis ........................................................................................................................................ 62 1.3 Explanation of terms used in the report ............................................................................................. 62 2 The River Tana, the Tana salmon and salmon fisheries ............................................................................... 64 2.1 The Tana and its salmon...................................................................................................................... 64 2.2 Tana salmon fisheries .......................................................................................................................... 68 3 Threat factors ............................................................................................................................................... 74 3.1 Review of individual human-caused threat factors ............................................................................ 75 3.1.1 River regulation (hydropower) ....................................................................................................... 75 3.1.2 Water use ....................................................................................................................................... 76 3.1.3 Acidification .................................................................................................................................... 76 3.1.4 Physical habitat modifications ........................................................................................................ 76 3.1.5 Agricultural pollution ...................................................................................................................... 76 3.1.6 Mining activity ................................................................................................................................ 76 3.1.7 Other causes of pollution ............................................................................................................... 76 3.1.8 Gyrodactylus salaris ........................................................................................................................ 76 3.1.9 Salmon lice ...................................................................................................................................... 77 3.1.10 Infections related to fish farming ............................................................................................... 77 3.1.11 Other infections (not related to fish farming) ............................................................................ 77 3.1.12 Climate change ........................................................................................................................... 77 3.1.13 Escaped farmed salmon ............................................................................................................. 77 3.1.14 Invasive (or introduced) species ................................................................................................. 78 3.1.15 Overexploitation ......................................................................................................................... 79 3.1.16 Predation .................................................................................................................................... 79 3.2 Ocean conditions ................................................................................................................................ 79 3.3 Overall view of Tana salmon threat factors ........................................................................................ 80 4 Stock status evaluation ................................................................................................................................ 81 4.1 How to evaluate stock status? ............................................................................................................ 81 4.2 Salmon production and spawning targets .......................................................................................... 81 4.3 A procedure for target-based stock evaluation .................................................................................. 84 4.3.1 Estimating target attainment .......................................................................................................... 84 4.3.2 Management target definition ....................................................................................................... 85 4.3.3 Pre-fishery abundance and catch allocation ................................................................................... 88 4.4 Overexploitation ................................................................................................................................. 89 4.5 Development in stock size................................................................................................................... 92 4.6 Stock-specific status evaluation .......................................................................................................... 93 4.6.1 Tana/Teno (total) ............................................................................................................................ 94 4.6.2 Tana/Teno main stem ..................................................................................................................... 97 4.6.3 Máskejohka ................................................................................................................................... 101 4.6.4 Buolbmátjohka/Pulmankijoki ....................................................................................................... 105 4.6.5 Lákšjohka ...................................................................................................................................... 109 4.6.6 Veahčajohka/Vetsijoki .................................................................................................................. 113 4.6.7 Ohcejohka/Utsjoki + tributaries .................................................................................................... 117 4.6.8 Váljohka ........................................................................................................................................ 121 4.6.9 Áhkojohka/Akujoki ........................................................................................................................ 125 4.6.10 Kárášjohka + tributaries............................................................................................................ 127 4.6.11 Iešjohka .................................................................................................................................... 131 4.6.12 Anárjohka/Inarijoki + tributaries .............................................................................................. 135 4.6.13 Summary and discussion of stock status and exploitation patterns ........................................ 139 4.7 The role of local/traditional knowledge in the current status evaluation ........................................ 144 4.7.1 The role of local/traditional knowledge within the scientific status assessment ......................... 144 4.7.2 Relative roles of the status assessment and the LEK/TEK in management decision-making ....... 144 4.7.3 Brief discussion of alternative explanatory factors ...................................................................... 145 5 Design and implementation of a stock-specific monitoring programme in Tana ...................................... 148 5.1 Background ......................................................................................................................................
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