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A Supplementary Book of Chinese Music for The A SUPPLEMENTARY BOOK OF CHINESE MUSIC FOR THE SUZUKI FLUTE STUDENT D.M.A. DOCUMENT Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Musical Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Nicole Marie Charles, M.Mus. Graduate Program in Music The Ohio State University 2010 D.M.A. Document Committee: Professor Katherine Borst Jones, Advisor Professor James Hill Professor Udo Will Copyright by Nicole Marie Charles 2010 i. ABSTRACT Created by Toshio Takahashi and Shinichi Suzuki, Suzuki Flute School Volume 1 contains a variety of music for the beginner flutist. Children‘s songs, folk music, and romantic and baroque music from Japan, France, America, and Germany provide beautiful tunes for the students to learn. Furthermore, beautiful sound is taught through tonalization, and beautiful character through strong relationships among the parent, teacher, and child. Having taught Suzuki flute classes at the Ohio Contemporary Chinese School (OCCS) since 2003, I‘ve had the opportunity to learn about the beautiful Chinese culture. But I have found that many children of Chinese descent have very little exposure to traditional Chinese music and children‘s songs. Due to historical patterns in China of disposing or recycling music, many of their parents do not know many Chinese songs (at least those without political undertones). The Suzuki method itself does not contain any Chinese songs. The purpose of this document is to provide a supplementary book of Chinese flute music for my students at the OCCS, one tailored to coincide with the pedagogical points of Suzuki Flute School Volume 1. Not only will this supplementary book provide a unique genre of music for my students, but it will also aim to preserve and promote traditional Chinese music within the Chinese-American culture. ii Dedication This document is dedicated to those who nurture first and teach second. My life wouldn‘t be the same without you. iii Acknowledgments My husband, you have given me so much support. You have been there every step of the way, moving away from all your friends and family to come to Ohio, and never complained once. I am beyond lucky to have you in my life. Mrs. Jones, you are the reason I came to OSU. You inspire me every day to be a better teacher, performer, leader, and warrior. Thank you for letting me make my own mistakes and being there to guide me down the right path. I give many thanks to Professor Will for taking the time to teach me about the dizi and Chinese music, and to help me form my ideas for my book. I am still not that great at the dizi, but I will keep practicing! Thanks also to my committee members Professor Haddock, Professor Hill, and Dr. Atkinson for guiding me throughout the years. I would also like to thank Dr. Takeaki Miyamae for his continuous support of my ideas and Suzuki training: you have taught me so much and I am so grateful to be able to call you my friend. To Max Xu, you gave me the chance to teach when no one else gave me the time of day. Sundays are my favorite days thanks to you. Lan Bloch, Henry Yan, and all other OCCS administrators who have helped along the way—I am so grateful for your support in times of need. Susan Davis, you inspired me to teach and iv you are one of the most loving people I know. Ted Richardson, my high school band director, you were like a Dad to me. Mrs. Bilyeu, I can‘t believe what you had to put up with during our lessons—you came into my life at just the right moment. Dr. Terry Austin, I would not be here unless you had shown faith in my audition for Governor‘s School. My world changed forever that day! Dr. Guerard, a copy of my diploma will be in the mail shortly! To all of my students and parents, especially those who have helped me with this journey: Ma Yun, Jack Yu and his family, Ji Zhang, Yan Zhou, and Ming Yu. I know there are so many more, thank you all so much. Special thanks to Mitch Imhoff and Uncle Bobby for your help in this endeavor with proofreading, and Ian Wei and Fanghong Yu for your translating (often last minute!) abilities. To my friends Kim, Jenny, Suzanne, and Jason….thanks for being a part of my life. Finally, thanks to my parents and siblings—you all had to hear some good flute days and some not-so-good flute days at one point or another…your love is with me always. v VITA March 21, 1979 ..............................................Born----Monroeville, Pennsylvania May, 2001 ......................................................B.M. Flute Performance, Virginia Commonwealth University June, 2004…………………………………...M.M. Flute Performance, The Ohio State University July 2003 ........................................................Suzuki Certification Book 1 August 2004 ...................................................Suzuki Certification Book 2 2004---Present ...............................................Suzuki Flute Class Teacher, Ohio Contemporary Chinese School July 2005 ........................................................Suzuki Certification Book 3 July 2006 ........................................................Suzuki Certification Book 5 2008---Present………………………………Applied Flute Teacher, Muskingum University Fields of Study Major Field: Music vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iv VITA .................................................................................................................................. vi List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... x List of Figures .................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTERS CHAPTER 1: THE OHIO CONTEMPORARY CHINESE SCHOOL (OCCS) AND MY SUZUKI FLUTE STUDENTS ........................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: CHINESE MUSIC HISTORY .................................................................... 5 I. Legendary Period, ca. 27th-21st Centuries B.C. .................................................... 5 II. Xia Dynasty, ca. 21st-16th Centuries B.C. ........................................................... 9 III.The Beginning of Chinese Music: Shang Dynasty ca. 16th-11th Centuries B.C. 10 IV. Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States, 1075-256 B.C. ................................... 12 V. Qin Dynasty, 221-207 B.C. and Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.- 220 A.D. ................. 15 VI. China‘s Dark Ages: Three Kingdoms (220-265 A.D.), Jin Dynasty (265-420 A.D.), and Northern-Southern Dynasty (420-589 A.D.) ........................................ 18 VII. Reunification: Sui Dynasty (581-618 A.D.), Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.) . 21 VIII. Song Dynasties (960-1279 A.D.), The Rise of the Mongols, and the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368 A.D.) ..................................................................................... 24 vii IX. The Last Golden Age: The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 A.D.) and Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 A.D.) .............................................................................................................. 27 X. The Republican Period (1912-Present) ............................................................. 30 XI. Modern China .................................................................................................. 33 CHAPTER 3: CHINESE WIND INSTRUMENTS ......................................................... 35 I. Air Reeds ............................................................................................................. 36 II. Reeds .................................................................................................................. 46 III. Free Reeds ........................................................................................................ 51 CHAPTER 4: THE DIZI .................................................................................................. 56 I. Function ............................................................................................................... 56 II. Performance Practice .......................................................................................... 59 CHAPTER 5: BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER: A BRIEF SUZUKI FLUTE SCHOOL VOLUME 1 OVERVIEW, CORRESPONDING SUPPLEMENTARY CHARTS, AND FINDING CHINESE SONGS .......................................................................................... 63 I. A Brief Suzuki Flute School Volume 1 Overview ............................................... 63 Suzuki Flute School Volume 1 Chart Analysis ....................................................... 68 Chinese Supplementary Book Chart Analysis ........................................................ 69 II. Finding the Chinese Songs ................................................................................. 70 CHAPTER 6: CHINESE SONGS FOR THE SUZUKI FLUTE STUDENT .................. 75 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………103 viii BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 105 INTERNET RESOURCES ............................................................................................. 108 ix LIST
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