DOCSLIB.ORG

Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

DCAF Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict Sexual Violence MEGAN BASTICK KARIN GRIMM RAHEL KUNZ Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict: Global Overview and Implications for the Security Sector demonstrates the horrifying scope and magnitude of sexual violence in armed conflict. In its first part, the Global Overview, the report profiles documented conflict-related sexual violence in 51 countries – SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN ARMED CONFLICT in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and the Middle East - that have experienced armed conflict over the past twenty years. The second part of the report, entitled Implications for the Security Sector, explores strategies for security and justice actors to prevent and respond to sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict situations. Global Overview and Implications DCAF Geneva Centre for the Security Sector for the Democratic ISBN 978-92-9222-059-4 Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN ARMED CONFLICT Global Overview and Implications for the Security Sector Megan Bastick Karin Grimm Rahel Kunz DCAF Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces This report was prepared by Megan Bastick, Karin Grimm and Rahel Kunz, in consultation with Anja Ebnöther. DCAF thanks the many people who contributed to the report by contributing information and commenting on drafts, in particular the following: Ancila Adrian-Paul; Augusta Angelucci of UNDP; Karen Barnes, International Alert; John Braithwaite at the National University of Australia; Charli Carpenter of the University of Pittsburgh; Nicola Dahrendorf of DFID; Stephanie Delaney of ECPAT; Kristin Eck, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University; Doly Enriquez; Ana Maria Ferraz de Campos of Catholic Relief Services, Karin Griese of medica mondiale; Patricia Guerrero, Founder of the Liga de Mujeres Desplazadas; Nadine Jubb; Joanina Karugaba of UNHCR; Erin Kenny, Sabrina Montante & Luis Mora of UNFPA; Ben King of Alliance DARC; Philippe Lafortune of the Canadian Department of National Defence; Lena Larsson of the Folke Bernadotte Academy; Ann Livingstone of the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre; Jonas Loetscher & Kristin Valasek of DCAF; Eirin Mobekk; Robyn Naylor of Isis-WICCE; OCHA/IRIN; Erin Patrick of Women’s Commission for Refugee Women & Children; Refugees International; Ruth Rubio-Marín of the University of Sevilla; Jeanne Sarson & Linda MacDonald of Persons Against Ritual Abuse-Torture; Brita Schawlann of the Norwegian Ministry of Defence & Erik Haugstad from the Norwegian Armed Forces International Training Centre; Vepore Shehu of Medica Kosova; Yasmine Sherif of UNDP-BCPR; Jolynn Shoemaker of WIIS; Jeanne Ward and Stephanie Ziebell of UNIFEM. Special thanks also go to Anthony Drummond for editing assistance, to Guy Heirich for the cover design and layout, and to SRO-Kundig for printing. DCAF gratefully acknowledges the support of the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the production of this report. Any inaccuracies are the sole responsibility of the authors. All website references were accessed between 19 and 31 July 2007. Cover Picture: © Press Images Europe, Nick Danziger, 2001. © Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2007. Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission. ISBN 978-92-9222-059-4 Printed by SRO Kundig Chemin de l’Etang 49 Geneva, Switzerland TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWOR D. 7 EUROPE . 113 Azerbaijan. 115 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 9 Bosnia and Herzegovina . 117 Croatia . 119 INTRODUCTION . 13 Georgia . 121 Russia. 123 TERMINOLOGY . 17 Serbia (Kosovo) . 125 GLOBAL OVERVIEW. 23 MIDDLE EAST. 129 Iraq . 131 AFRICA . 27 Israel and the Palestinian Territories . 133 Algeria . 29 Kuwait. 135 Angola . 31 Lebanon . 137 Yemen . 139 Burundi . 33 . Central African Republic 35 IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SECURITY SECTOR. 143 Chad . 37 Côte d’Ivoire. 39 POLICING AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE . 147 Democratic Republic of the Congo . 41 Eritrea . 43 JUSTICE FOR SURVIVORS Ethiopia . 45 OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE Guinea-Bissau . 47 IN ARMED CONFLICT . 155 Liberia . 49 Mozambique. 51 PEACEKEEPERS AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN ARMED CONFLICT . 169 Republic of the Congo. 53 Rwanda . 55 ADDRESSING CONFLICT-RELATED SEXUAL Sierra Leone. 57 VIOLENCE IN DDR PROCESSES . 181 Somalia. 59 South Africa . 61 CIVIL SOCIETY RESPONSES TO SEXUAL Sudan . 63 VIOLENCE IN ARMED CONFLICT. 191 Uganda. 65 Zimbabwe . 67 RECOMMENDATIONS . 199 THE AMERICAS . 71 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 203 Colombia . 73 BOXES El Salvador . 75 Guatemala. 77 1: Reform of the Nicaraguan police . 150 Haiti . 79 2: Post-conflict justice mechanisms in Sierra Leone. 159 Nicaragua . 81 3: Nepal . 163 Peru. 83 4: “Reintegrative Shaming” in Bougainville . 164 United States of America . 85 5: African Union firewood patrols in Darfur . 170 6: Addressing sexual exploitation and abuse ASIA. 87 in European Union peacekeeping missions . 176 Afghanistan . 89 7: Definition of DDR . 182 Burma / Myanmar. 91 8: Hakamas sing and dance for peace in their Cambodia . 93 communities. 183 East Timor . 95 9: “Bush wives”: abducted women and girls . 184 India . 97 10: DDR in Liberia . 186 Indonesia . 99 11: DDR and justice . 187 Nepal . 101 Papua New Guinea . 103 12: Women’s courts . 192 Philippines . 105 13: Isis-WICCE in Uganda . 193 Solomon Islands . 107 14: Colombia’s Liga de Mujeres Desplazadas Sri Lanka . 109 and Ciudad.
Recommended publications
  • Understanding the Value of Arts & Culture | the AHRC Cultural Value

    Understanding the Value of Arts & Culture | the AHRC Cultural Value

    Understanding the value of arts & culture The AHRC Cultural Value Project Geoffrey Crossick & Patrycja Kaszynska 2 Understanding the value of arts & culture The AHRC Cultural Value Project Geoffrey Crossick & Patrycja Kaszynska THE AHRC CULTURAL VALUE PROJECT CONTENTS Foreword 3 4. The engaged citizen: civic agency 58 & civic engagement Executive summary 6 Preconditions for political engagement 59 Civic space and civic engagement: three case studies 61 Part 1 Introduction Creative challenge: cultural industries, digging 63 and climate change 1. Rethinking the terms of the cultural 12 Culture, conflict and post-conflict: 66 value debate a double-edged sword? The Cultural Value Project 12 Culture and art: a brief intellectual history 14 5. Communities, Regeneration and Space 71 Cultural policy and the many lives of cultural value 16 Place, identity and public art 71 Beyond dichotomies: the view from 19 Urban regeneration 74 Cultural Value Project awards Creative places, creative quarters 77 Prioritising experience and methodological diversity 21 Community arts 81 Coda: arts, culture and rural communities 83 2. Cross-cutting themes 25 Modes of cultural engagement 25 6. Economy: impact, innovation and ecology 86 Arts and culture in an unequal society 29 The economic benefits of what? 87 Digital transformations 34 Ways of counting 89 Wellbeing and capabilities 37 Agglomeration and attractiveness 91 The innovation economy 92 Part 2 Components of Cultural Value Ecologies of culture 95 3. The reflective individual 42 7. Health, ageing and wellbeing 100 Cultural engagement and the self 43 Therapeutic, clinical and environmental 101 Case study: arts, culture and the criminal 47 interventions justice system Community-based arts and health 104 Cultural engagement and the other 49 Longer-term health benefits and subjective 106 Case study: professional and informal carers 51 wellbeing Culture and international influence 54 Ageing and dementia 108 Two cultures? 110 8.
  • Négociations Fondation Maeght : Entre Célébrations Monaco - Union Européenne Et Polémique R 28240 - F : 2,50 € Michel Roger S’Explique

    Négociations Fondation Maeght : Entre Célébrations Monaco - Union Européenne Et Polémique R 28240 - F : 2,50 € Michel Roger S’Explique

    FOOT : SANS FALCAO ET JAMES, QUELLES AMBITIONS POUR L’ASM ? 2,50 € Numéro 135 - Septembre 2014 - www.lobservateurdemonaco.mc SOCIÉTÉ USINE D’INCINÉRATION : LES SCÉNARIOS POSSIBLES ECOLOGIE CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE : POURQUOI IL FAUT RÉAGIR CULTURE NÉGOCIATIONS FONDATION MAEGHT : ENTRE CÉLÉBRATIONS MONACO - UNION EUROPÉENNE ET POLÉMIQUE R 28240 - F : 2,50 € MICHEL ROGER S’EXPLIQUE 3 782824 002503 01350 pour lui Solavie pag Observateur 09/2014.indd 2 08/09/14 15:51 LA PHOTO DU MOIS CRAINTES epuis des mois, dans certains milieux, on ne parle que de ça. En principauté, le lancement des négociations avec l’Union européenne (UE) inquiète pas mal de monde. Notamment les professions libérales qui craignent Dde voir tomber le presque total monopole qu’ont les Monégasques sur ces professions très encadrées réglementairement. « Ceci entraînerait à très court terme la disparition de notre profession telle qu’elle existe depuis des siècles. Ce qui est très préoccupant. D’autant plus que ce sera la même chose pour les médecins, les architectes, les experts-comptables monégasques… », a expliqué à L’Obs’ le bâtonnier de l’ordre des avocats de Monaco, Me Richard Mullot. Une crainte qui a poussé les avocats, les dentistes, les médecins et les architectes à se réunir pour réfléchir à la création d’un collectif. Objectif : défendre auprès du gou- vernement leurs positions et leurs spécificités qui restent propres à chaque profession. En face, le gouvernement cherche à rassurer. Dans l’interview qu’il a accordée à L’Obs’, le ministre d’Etat, Michel Roger, le répète. Il est hors de ques - tion de brader ce qui a fait le succès de la princi- pauté : « Il n’y aura pas d’accord si Monaco devait perdre sa souveraineté ou si ses spécificités devaient être menacées.
  • Culture and Conflict Summit Draft Resource Guide

    Culture and Conflict Summit Draft Resource Guide

    Culture and Conflict Summit Draft Resource Guide September 10 and 11, 2014 Washington, DC About the Resource Guide This resource guide is a beginning of a comprehensive resource for educators and peacebuilders interested in using arts both inside and outside academia. It is meant to be a useful guide to those who are teaching about using arts in conflict scenarios for the purposes of peace, and those who will engage in it in practice. We encourage you to reflect on additional resources that would be useful for these groups of people during the two days of the Culture and Conflict Summit, hosted by the British Council in partnership with the U.S. Institute of Peace. We also encourage critical feedback on the current draft resource guide to increase its utility for those working for peace. 2 The United States Institute of Peace [USIP] is an independent, nonpartisan conflict management center created by the United States Congress thirty years ago. Our mission is to prevent, mitigate, and resolve violent conflicts around the world. We do this by engaging directly in conflict zones and providing analysis, education, and resources to those working for peace. Our work in conflict zones has revealed to us that arts and culture are powerful tools to educate societies about alternatives to violence and mobilize people to undertake nonviolent action to challenge injustices and advance a sustainable peace. We know that every society has cultural reservoirs that can be tapped to advance counter- narratives focused on the nonviolent transformation of conflict. This should be an integral part of strengthening individuals and institutions working for peace.
  • Legacy – the All Blacks

    Legacy – the All Blacks

    LEGACY WHAT THE ALL BLACKS CAN TEACH US ABOUT THE BUSINESS OF LIFE LEGACY 15 LESSONS IN LEADERSHIP JAMES KERR Constable • London Constable & Robinson Ltd 55-56 Russell Square London WC1B 4HP www.constablerobinson.com First published in the UK by Constable, an imprint of Constable & Robinson Ltd., 2013 Copyright © James Kerr, 2013 Every effort has been made to obtain the necessary permissions with reference to copyright material, both illustrative and quoted. We apologise for any omissions in this respect and will be pleased to make the appropriate acknowledgements in any future edition. The right of James Kerr to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. A copy of the British Library Cataloguing in Publication data is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-47210-353-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-47210-490-8 (ebook) Printed and bound in the UK 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Cover design: www.aesopagency.com The Challenge When the opposition line up against the New Zealand national rugby team – the All Blacks – they face the haka, the highly ritualized challenge thrown down by one group of warriors to another.
  • The Security of the Caspian Sea Region

    The Security of the Caspian Sea Region

    16. The Georgian–Abkhazian conflict Alexander Krylov I. Introduction The Abkhaz have long populated the western Caucasus. They currently number about 100 000 people, speak one of the languages of the Abkhazo-Adygeyan (west Caucasian) language group, and live in the coastal areas on the southern slopes of the Caucasian ridge and along the Black Sea coast. Together with closely related peoples of the western Caucasus (for example, the Abazins, Adygeyans and Kabardians (or Circassians)) they play an important role in the Caucasian ethno-cultural community and consider themselves an integral part of its future. At the same time, the people living in coastal areas on the southern slopes of the Caucasian ridge have achieved broader communication with Asia Minor and the Mediterranean civilizations than any other people of the Caucasus. The geographical position of Abkhazia on the Black Sea coast has made its people a major factor in the historical process of the western Caucasus, acting as an economic and cultural bridge with the outside world. Georgians and Abkhaz have been neighbours from time immemorial. The Georgians currently number about 4 million people. The process of national consolidation of the Georgian nation is still far from complete: it includes some 20 subgroups, and the Megrelians (sometimes called Mingrelians) and Svans who live in western Georgia are so different in language and culture from other Georgians that it would be more correct to consider them as separate peoples. Some scholars, Hewitt, for example,1 suggest calling the Georgian nation not ‘Georgians’ but by their own name, Kartvelians, which includes the Georgians, Megrelians and Svans.2 To call all the different Kartvelian groups ‘Georgians’ obscures the true ethnic situation.
  • South Korea: Defense White Paper 2010

    South Korea: Defense White Paper 2010

    DEFENSE WHITE PAPER Message from the Minister of National Defense The year 2010 marked the 60th anniversary of the outbreak of the Korean War. Since the end of the war, the Republic of Korea has made such great strides and its economy now ranks among the 10-plus largest economies in the world. Out of the ashes of the war, it has risen from an aid recipient to a donor nation. Korea’s economic miracle rests on the strength and commitment of the ROK military. However, the threat of war and persistent security concerns remain undiminished on the Korean Peninsula. North Korea is threatening peace with its recent surprise attack against the ROK Ship CheonanDQGLWV¿ULQJRIDUWLOOHU\DW<HRQS\HRQJ Island. The series of illegitimate armed provocations by the North have left a fragile peace on the Korean Peninsula. Transnational and non-military threats coupled with potential conflicts among Northeast Asian countries add another element that further jeopardizes the Korean Peninsula’s security. To handle security threats, the ROK military has instituted its Defense Vision to foster an ‘Advanced Elite Military,’ which will realize the said Vision. As part of the efforts, the ROK military complemented the Defense Reform Basic Plan and has UHYDPSHGLWVZHDSRQSURFXUHPHQWDQGDFTXLVLWLRQV\VWHP,QDGGLWLRQLWKDVUHYDPSHGWKHHGXFDWLRQDOV\VWHPIRURI¿FHUVZKLOH strengthening the current training system by extending the basic training period and by taking other measures. The military has also endeavored to invigorate the defense industry as an exporter so the defense economy may develop as a new growth engine for the entire Korean economy. To reduce any possible inconveniences that Koreans may experience, the military has reformed its defense rules and regulations to ease the standards necessary to designate a Military Installation Protection Zone.
  • Annual Report 2016 Our Light-Footprint Approach to Peace

    Annual Report 2016 Our Light-Footprint Approach to Peace

    Our light-footprint approach to peace- building Annual report 2016 Schweizerische Friedensstiftung Fondation suisse pour la paix Fondazione svizzera per la pace Swiss Peace Foundation Publisher: swisspeace Sonnenbergstrasse 17 P.O. Box, CH-3001 Bern Bernoullistrasse 14-16 CH-4056 Basel Editors: Lukas Krienbuehl, Luca Gschwind, Arno Stirnimann Translation: Furrer Übersetzungen Design: Irena Germano Print: Schneider AG, Bern Circulation: 300 in English, 1000 in German, 300 in French Cover picture: Children sitting on the cargo carrier of a car in Myanmar. swisspeace / Stefan Bächtold swisspeace is an associated Institute of the University of Basel and a member of the Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences (SAHS) 2 Annual report 2016 Table of contents 4 Editorial 5 The Foundation A light-footprint approach in turbulent times for peacebuilding 6 Analysis & Impact Helping a peace organization in Myanmar become more effective 8 Dealing with the Past The future of dealing with the past in Tunisia 10 Mediation Hopes for peace in Colombia after a diffcult year 12 Statehood Development in a country that does not offcially exist 14 Policy & Platform Establishing platforms for peace 16 Business & Peace When it comes to business and human rights, everyone must play their part 18 Research & teaching Researching the obstacle-ridden process of dealing with Cambodia's past 20 Advanced training Further education in peacebuilding: two alumni profles 21 Insights into art & peacebuilding What effect does art have in confict areas? 22 Financial report 2016 24 Donors and clients 25 Staff 26 Foundation Board 27 Advisory Boards 28 Publications 2 Annual report 2016 3 Annual report 2016 Editorial In 2016, swisspeace’s new strategy for 2016 –2020 has sharpened the focus on three thematic programs – Mediation, Statehood and Dealing with the Past – as well as on a policy and a methodological program.
  • An Ambivalent 'Independence'

    An Ambivalent 'Independence'

    OswcOMMentary issue 34 | 20.01.2010 | ceNTRe fOR eAsTeRN sTudies An ambivalent ‘independence’ Abkhazia, an unrecognised democracy under Russian protection NTARy Wojciech Górecki Me ces cOM Abkhazia – a state unrecognised by the international community and depen- dent on Russia – has features of a democracy, including political pluralism. This is manifested through regularly held elections, which are a time of ge- tudies nuine competition between candidates, and through a wide range of media, s including the pro-opposition private TV station Abaza. astern e The competing political forces have different visions for the republic’s deve- lopment. President Sergei Bagapsh’s team would like to build up multilateral foreign relations (although the highest priority would be given to relations 1 Despite the lack of with Russia), while the group led by Raul Khajimba, a former vice-president international recognition, entre for it seems unreasonable c and present leader of the opposition, would rather adopt a clear pro-Moscow to use the form ‘self- orientation. It is worth noting that neither of the significant political forces appointed’ or ‘so-called’ president, or to append wants Abkhazia to become part of Russia (while such proposals have been inverted commas to the term (which also con- made in South Ossetia), and a majority of the Abkhazian elite sees Russia’s NTARy cerns other Abkhazian recognition of the country’s independence as a Pyrrhic victory because Me officials and institutions) it has limited their country’s room for manoeuvre. However, all parties are because Bagapsh in fact performs this agreed in ruling out any future dependence on Georgia.
  • BLAIR at WAR’ by Nick Danziger

    BLAIR at WAR’ by Nick Danziger

    ‘BLAIR AT WAR’ by Nick Danziger © Nick Danziger / nb pictures In March 2003 the award-winning photo-journalist Nick Danziger and Times Literary Supplement editor Peter Stothard began a 30-day, ground-breaking study of a Prime Minister at war, with unprecedented access to Tony Blair's inner circle as he faced down an angry nation and deployed British forces against Iraq. Four years on these twenty-four remarkable photographs provide a poignant insight into Blair's hopes and fears at that time, inside George Bush's Camp David, in the power corridors of Europe and in the conflicts of Downing Street itself. Number of photographs: 24 framed and mounted with captions by Peter Stothard. Plus an introductory information panel. Dimensions of photographs: 20 inches x 25 inches (500mm x 630mm) Dimension of exhibition: The full running length of the exhibition is approximately 49.2 feet (15 metres) without gaps. Value for insurance purposes: GBP £24,000. The gallery is responsible for insuring the work while hosting the exhibition and during inward and outward transportation. Availability: April 2013 onwards. Transportation: The venue is responsible for organising the collection and onward transport of the exhibition, and for the associated charges, to be shared with the preceding/following gallery venue when possible. Hire/Administration Fee: GBP £1500 per month (minimum 1 month) Photo sales policy: Black and white silver gelatin prints: 300mm x 400 mm = GBP £1100 Other locations: National Portrait Gallery, London - February to July 2007 Canadian War Museum, Ottawa, Canada February to May 2008 Simon Fraser University, Teck Gallery, Vancouver, Canada November 2008 to February 2009 London Gallery West, University of Westminster, London January - February 2010 ‘Portraits and Power: People, Politics and Structures’.
  • GEORGIA Summary of Amnesty International’S Concerns

    GEORGIA Summary of Amnesty International’S Concerns

    GEORGIA Summary of Amnesty International’s concerns Introduction Since Georgia’s early years of independence, marked by armed hostilities in various parts of the country as well as severe economic dislocation, the country has achieved a greater stability and taken various concrete steps towards building democratic institutions and reforming its judicial and legal systems. Recent moves welcomed by Amnesty International have included the appointment in October 1997 of a Public Defender, a new post introduced under the 1995 Constitution to monitor the defence of individual rights and freedoms, and complete abolition of the death penalty in November that year.1 Amnesty International remains concerned, however, that some of the guarantees and laws adopted to protect human rights are not fully implemented or observed. These areas of concern are described below. This paper also details alleged human rights violations in two areas of Georgia currently outside the de facto control of the Georgian authorities - Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Allegations of torture and ill-treatment in detention “Torture, inhumane, brutal or degrading treatment or punishment” is prohibited under the Georgian Constitution 2, which also forbids the physical or mental coercion of a detainee 3 and rules that evidence obtained by breaking the law is inadmissible and has no legal force.4 It is also a criminal offence for investigators and others to force a person to give testimony by use of threats or other illegal actions.5 These conditions are, of course, in addition to the guarantees against torture contained in the international standards to which Georgia is party. 1 See Concerns in Europe: July to December 1997, AI Index: EUR 01/01/98, February 1998.
  • De Facto States a World Report

    De Facto States a World Report

    FSWR De Facto StateS a World Report De Facto StateS a World Report Directed by: Xulio Ríos Contributors: Alexis B. Romanov Hakob Symonian José Abu-Tarbush Katarzyna Araczewska María Ángela Tous Sansó Roberto Mansilla Blanco Layout: Breogán Xuncal Pereira English version: Irene Romero Iturralde ISSN: 2174-0186. Legal deposit: VG 321-2011 The following edition of the de facto States World Report has been published with the sponsorship of the Department of Youth, Solidarity and Language Planning of the city of A Coruña.” “The points of view presented by the contributors in this edition reflect exclusively their opinions and, therefore, do not necessarily represent the IGADI’s official position. INDeX 7 Presentation 8 Introduction 11 Analyses 12 Abkhazia: walking towards Russian assimilation? by Alexis B. Romanov 17 Kosovo: towards a failed State? by Roberto Mansilla 21 Nagorno Karabakh: 20 years of independence by Hakob Symonian 26 South Ossetia: Moscow’s strategic pawn by Alexis B. Romanov 31 Difficulties for a Palestinian State in 2011 by José Abu-Tarbush 35 Puntland as a stability focus within the Horn of Africa by María Ángela Tous Sansó 39 Transnistria: preserving the status quo by Katarzyna Araczweska 42 Nationalist turn in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus by Roberto Mansilla 46 Somaliland: the need for political stability by María Ángela Tous Sansó 49 Taiwan: playing “shall I, shan’t I” on integration by Xulio Ríos 53 Countries fact sheets Presentation 7 eport r tates – a World tates IGADI presents its first World Report on de facto States, which intends to regularly monitor s these new figures on the international scene that reflect the emergence, and even consolidation, e facto d of those subjects, up to now marginal and totally fenced-in within the world order.
  • Ethno-Territorial Conflicts in the Caucasus and Central Asia

    Ethno-Territorial Conflicts in the Caucasus and Central Asia

    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the Caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan Rezvani, B. Publication date 2013 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Rezvani, B. (2013). Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the Caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan. Vossiuspers UvA. http://nl.aup.nl/books/9789056297336-ethno-territorial- conflict-and-coexistence-in-the-caucasus-central-asia-and-fereydan.html General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:02 Oct 2021 Chapter Six 6 Ethno-Territorial Conflicts in the Caucasus and Central Asia Eight out of the 129 ethno-territorial encounters are, or were until recently, afflicted by ethno-territorial conflict. All these encounters are located in the (post-)Soviet space: the South Ossetian and Abkhazian conflicts in Georgia; the North Ossetian-Ingush conflict over Prigorodny and the Chechen conflicts in Russia; the Armenian-Azeri conflict over the Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan; the Osh conflict between the Uzbeks and Kyrgyz in Kyrgyzstan; and finally the Tajikistani Civil War, with the participation of Uzbeks and Pamiris in alliance with and against Tajiks.