BBSRC Business Winter 2018 Introduction
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Winter 2018 BusinessBBSRC is part of UK Research and Innovation Crop science Bioscience for sustainable crop production INSIDE Frontier Bioscience Rothamsted at 175 Worms in space Transforming coffee waste into energy About BBSRC-UKRI BBSRC is part of UK Our aim is to further scientific knowledge to meet major challenges, including food to promote economic growth, wealth and security, green energy and healthier, Research and Innovation job creation, and to improve quality of life longer lives. Our investments underpin and invests in world-class in the UK and beyond. important UK economic sectors, such as farming, food, industrial biotechnology bioscience research and Funded by government, BBSRC invested and pharmaceuticals. training on behalf of the £498 million in world-class bioscience UK public. in 2017-18. We support research and Further details about BBSRC, our training in universities and strategically science and our impact can be found funded institutes. BBSRC research and at www.bbsrc.ukri.org the people we fund are helping society Strategically funded institutes Babraham Institute The Pirbright Institute Institute for Biological, The Quadram Institute www.babraham.ac.uk www.pirbright.ac.uk Environmental and Rural Studies www.quadram.ac.uk (Aberystwyth University) www.aber.ac.uk/en/ibers John Innes Centre Roslin Institute Rothamsted Research Earlham Institute www.jic.ac.uk (University of Edinburgh) www.rothamsted.ac.uk www.earlham.ac.uk Front cover: Speed breeding using enhanced LED lighting at the John Innes Centre. www.roslin.ac.uk Andrew Davis/John Innes Centre About Contacts BBSRC Business Plant health and agriculture [email protected] BBSRC Business is a controlled circulation magazine which is Animal health [email protected] distributed free of charge to Bioenergy [email protected] end users of research and to individuals with an interest Food [email protected] in BBSRC. Human health [email protected] For enquiries about Business contact the communications team: Industrial biotechnology [email protected] BBSRC Polaris House, North Star Avenue, International [email protected] Swindon, SN2 1UH. Tel: 01793 442810 Research technologies [email protected] Email: [email protected] Skills and training [email protected] For regular news about BBSRC and the outcomes and impacts of BBSRC- Innovation and business [email protected] funded research visit www.bbsrc.ukri.org/news 2 BBSRC Business Winter 2018 Introduction From India to Innovators and Worms in Space Melanie Welham, UKRI Executive Chair A warm welcome to the winter edition of BBSRC Business. I was delighted to make my first trip to India recently, representing UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) at the ‘Together for Impact’ celebrations marking a decade of the India-UKRI partnership and to officially launch UKRI India. BBSRC has been building relationships with our Indian counterparts, the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) in particular, for the past two decades. With DBT we have funded joint research in bioenergy, livestock disease and crop production. I was very struck by our partner DBT’s enthusiasm, and flexible approach and our strategic alignment around many of the global challenges that are important to both countries. One of the more unusual projects in BBSRC’s portfolio has caught the imagination of the media. The Molecular Muscle Experiment, often referred to as ‘Worms in Space’, is a collaboration between scientists at the Universities of Exeter, Nottingham and Lancaster. On 5 December thousands of C. elegans Top: Melanie Welham on a recent trip to officially worms were launched into space. The launch UKRI India. research saw the worms living and Right: Some of the BBSRC Board members at a reproducing on the International Space recent meeting. Station, in an effort to understand the molecular changes that occur during muscle wastage. The similarity between worms’ Development of the Forward Look for muscles and our own makes them a common UK Bioscience has been led by BBSRC, model species for neuromuscular research in consultation with a wide range of key and the loss of muscle during spaceflight is stakeholders and partners. I am personally a major barrier for long-term missions, but very grateful to all of those who have is also a problem for those on earth afflicted contributed and excited that we have a new 30 January 2019. Categories include: with muscular dystrophies, diabetes, injuries framing upon which BBSRC, within UKRI, will International Impact, Social Impact, and age-related declines in strength. This build its strategic delivery plan. The latter, Commercial Impact and Early Career project is a great example of national and under development now, will set out in more Impact. Details on how to apply or international collaboration and you can find detail the actions we will take to support and recommend a colleague are available on the out more on pages 8-9. deliver elements of the Forward Look and BBSRC website. We had a really strong and contribute to UKRI’s strategic prospectus. Since our last edition we have published the very diverse field of applications last year You can read more on page 27. Forward Look for UK Bioscience, which sets and I am hoping for a repeat in 2019. Read out how pushing back the frontiers of biology Finally, a reminder that BBSRC’s Innovator the story behind the 2018 overall winners, can contribute to delivering a healthy, of the Year competition is open for Professor Rob Honey and Sabrina Cohen- prosperous and sustainable future. recommendations and applications until Hatton, on pages 12-13. BBSRC Business Winter 2018 3 Headlines Scientists identify key step in production of body odour Researchers have unravelled a key part of the component of body odour. molecular process by which armpit bacteria Researchers from the University of York, in produce the most pungent component of the partnership with colleagues at the University noxious smell we recognise as body odour. of Oxford, have deciphered the first step in The findings could result in more effective this process by identifying and decoding deodorants with targeted active ingredients. the structure of the molecule – known as a “transport” protein – that enables bacteria The role of microbes, specifically bacteria, to recognise and swallow up the odourless in the production of body odour has been compounds secreted in sweat. known for some time, and scientists at the University of York recently made the Solving the structure of the protein means discovery that a small number of species that a new generation of deodorants could of Staphylococcus bacteria are responsible now be developed to disrupt its function. for the formation of the most pungent The research was partly funded by BBSRC. ‘Artificial embryos’ may reduce Gene study pinpoints the need for animals in research superbug link between people and animals A team of scientists at the University of in the lab instead of being taken from a Cambridge have developed a new technique pregnant mouse. Mice do not survive the Scientists have shed light on how a major that could reduce the number of mammalian procedure to remove embryos, so this cause of human and animal disease can embryos used in research. The technique could significantly reduce the number of jump between species, by studying its genes. allows scientists to create an ‘artificial animals used in developmental research. Experts say the research could help improve embryo’ that goes through several important “These results significantly extend our the use of antibiotics and design better developmental stages like a real embryo. earlier findings. We were surprised to strategies for limiting the spread of disease. Working with researchers from the see how far gastruloids develop, their Staphylococcus aureus bacteria usually live University of Geneva and the Swiss Federal complex organization and the range of harmlessly in our noses. If the bacteria get Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), different tissues and organ primordia into a cut, however, they can cause infections the team at Cambridge have shown that that they contain,” says Professor Alfonso that, in rare instances, can be deadly. mouse embryonic stem cells can organise Martinez Arias, leader of the University themselves into structures called gastruloids. of Cambridge team, at its Department of Antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacteria, Genetics. such as MRSA, are a major cause of hospital- Gastruloids share several important features acquired infections, and the bacterium is also and behaviours with embryos, and can be The researchers say these artificial a major burden for the agricultural industry experimented on in the same way, but they embryos will provide a viable alternative to as it causes diseases such as mastitis in cows are made from stem cells that can be grown animal research. and skeletal infections in broiler chickens. A team led by The University of Edinburgh’s Micrograph of Methicillin-Resistant The Roslin Institute analysed the entire Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). genetic make-up of more than 800 strains of Staphylococcus aureus that were isolated from people and animals. The researchers sought to investigate the evolutionary history of the bacterium and key events that had allowed it to jump between species. They found that humans were the likely original host for the bacteria. The first strains capable of infecting livestock emerged around the time animals were first domesticated for farming. NIAID The Roslin Institute receives strategic funding from BBSRC. 4 BBSRC Business Winter 2018 Headlines A new ‘promiscuous’ enzyme helps turn plant waste into sustainable products A new family of enzymes has been discovered which paves the way to convert plant waste into sustainable and high-value products such as nylon, plastics, chemicals, and fuels. The discovery was made by members of a UK-US enzyme engineering team.