The Semilir Eruption, East Java, Indonesia
Lithos 126 (2011) 198–211 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Lithos journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/lithos A Toba-scale eruption in the Early Miocene: The Semilir eruption, East Java, Indonesia Helen R. Smyth a,b,⁎, Quentin G. Crowley c,d, Robert Hall b, Peter D. Kinny e, P. Joseph Hamilton e, Daniela N. Schmidt f a CASP, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, West Building, 181a Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DH, UK b SE Asia Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK c NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK d Geology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland e The Institute for Geoscience Research, Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia f Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK article info abstract Article history: The Indonesian archipelago is well-known for volcanic activity and has been the location of three catastrophic Received 28 March 2011 eruptions in the last million years: Krakatau, Tambora and Toba. However, there are no reports of large Accepted 19 July 2011 magnitude eruptions during the earlier Cenozoic despite a long volcanic record in Indonesia during Available online xxxx subduction of Indian Ocean lithosphere since the Eocene. Here we report an Early Miocene major eruption, the Semilir eruption, in south Java, the main phase of which occurred at 20.7±0.02 Ma. This major volcanic Keywords: eruption appears similar in scale, but not in type, to the 74 ka Toba event.
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