DEMOCRACY in a DIGITAL SOCIETY Conference Report

DEMOCRACY IN A DIGITAL SOCIETY Conference Report

Trust, Evidence and Public Discourse in a Changing Media Environment

Thursday, 24th of January, 9:30-17:00 Einstein-Saal, Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Scien- ces & Humanities, Berlin About RE-IMAGINE EUROPA

Launched in 2018, Re-Imagine Europa is the ﬁrst incubator for new political ideas to reinforce Europe’s role as a global economic power in the 21st century able to safeguard a prosperous future of peace, freedom and social justice for all its citizens

Re-Imagine Europa was founded by President Giscard d’Estaing to honour his life-long friendship and collaboration with Chancellor Helmut Schmidt and building on the spirit of pragmatism and solidarity that was foundational in the creation of the European project.

About ALLEA

ALLEA is the European Federation of Academies of Sciences and Humanities, repre- senting more than 50 academies from over 40 countries in Europe. Since its foundation in 1994, ALLEA represents its Member Academies on the European stage and seeks to promote science as a global public good.

Our activities aim at shaping the conditions for science and research, providing the best science advice available for citizens and policymakers, and strengthening the role of science in society. In the spirit of true collaboration and cooperation, ALLEA oﬀers a platform for European academies to work together on topics of mutual interest and for the betterment of the inhabitants of Europe. Solving challenges in an ever more complex world requires comprehensive interdisciplinary and international cooperation from beginning to end. Contents INDEX

Introduction 5

BOX 1: Re-Imagine Europa’s Task Force on Democracy in a Digital Society 9

BOX 2: ALLEA’s Working Group on Truth Trust and Expertise 11

PART 1: Europe, Democracy and Digital Technologies 12

PART 2: The Role of Truth, Trust and Expertise for Democracy 17

PART 3: Focus Groups 23

CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT 24 Digital Solutions in a Disenchanted Age and Empowering Citizens in the Digital Age

DISINFORMATION 27 The Role of the Media in the Digital Information Ecosystem and the Impact on Elections

BOX 3: The European Commission's Actions to Combat Disinformation 30

REGULATION 33 The Ethics of Balancing the Internet and the Legal and Ethical implications of Data and AI

BOX 4: The European Commission's View on Artiﬁcial Intelligence 36

NARRATIVES 39 Deﬁning the World and Trust in Governance, Science and Expertise

BOX 5: Mechanisms that Shape Social Media and their Impact on Society 42

Conclusions and Next Steps 46

- Key take-aways 48

Participants and Contributors 49 The battle for a renewed democracy and for a new European dream can only be won if we win the battle at the institutional, cultural and digital level. Academy, reminded us: Socrates (as referred Re-Imagine Europa’s task force on “Democra- She underlined the important initial work done by Plato) thought that “the trouble is that cy in a Digital Society”. by the European Commission these past writing is a technology that allows words to go years, from the creation of a High-Level Expert fatherless into the world, nobody can see who As President Giscard d’Esating expressed, “at Group on Fake News and Online Disinformation, speaks, nobody can see who the author is”. Re-Imagine Europa we are convinced that we to the publication of the Code of Practice Whilst it took two-thousand years to tame this need to work together, bringing both expe- Against Disinformation to deliver something new magical technology called writing, it only rience and creativity to the table to develop concrete to citizens. (see Box 3 below for took two-hundred years to tame printing, innovative and new approaches to these more information) resulting in the flourishing of the enlighten- challenges that will be defining our societies ment, said Professor Antonio Loprieno, Presi- for the years to come”. Today it is widely accepted that the digital dent of ALLEA. Today revolution is affecting all aspects of our socie- we are witnessing the Commissioner Mariya ties. But it is also a strategic tool for the third big revolution in Gabriel highlighted empowerment of citizens; It will allow for a communication tech- the European Com- more horizontal organisation of society. So nologies and a big mission’s commit- how can we assess these multi-faceted question remains: ment to address the challenges? To answer these questions, the how long will it take to digital challenges and forum was divided into three main sections: tame these new tech- to develop a Euro- nologies and how will pean approach based a) The first part of the forum aimed at addres-

INTRODUCTION they affect our society on our common sing how we can understand the times we live Democracy lives in the and institutional values. It is true that in by recognising the deeper impacts of digital set-up? What structu- digitalization brings technologies on our society and democracy minds of the people res and regulations enormous challen- as a whole; can we put in place to ges, but it also provi- b) The second part aimed at addressing the PROFESSOR MANUEL CASTELLS ensure digital techno- des huge opportuni- impact of digital technologies on values and In this paper we summarise the main outco- logies develop in line ties. In these times, it the issues of truth, trust and expertise; mes of the debate and lay the foundation for with our values, there- makes sense to c) The third part of the conference saw partici- journalism and civil society addressed diffe- the key questions that will form the back-bone fore supporting the remember who we pants break-out into four groups to discuss rent aspects of political legitimation, societal of the “Roadmap for a New Model of the strengthening of our are; to take pride in more in detail specific questions related to the trust, scientific evidence and public discourse Digital Information Ecosystem” that Re-Ima- Europe is in danger. Democracy is in danger. What institutions, regulations and norms can society? our European identity topic: in a rapidly changing media environment gine Europa will be developing over the Our value-system is in danger. The past ten be developed to address the broader societal and values. Echoing under the scientific leadership of Professor coming months and that will be presented in years have been a watershed in the history of issues? How endangered is democracy in a These were some of the previous com- · Citizen Engagement: Digital Solutions in a Manuel Castells. 2020 to the new European Parliament and liberal democracies as we know them. Social digital society? the questions that the ments of President Disenchanted Age and Empowering Citizens Commission. The aim is to build a new Euro- movements have appeared on the global forum on “Democracy Giscard d’Estaing on in the Digital Age Hosted at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy pean model for the digital, including concrete scene questioning the status-quo; The results The arrival on the stage of history of digital in a Digital Society - the Greek agora, the · Disinformation: The Role of the Media in the of Sciences and Humanities, the starting point actions of what should be done at a European of recent elections have defied traditional technologies is cited more often then not as Trust, Evidence and Commissioner under- Digital Information Ecosystem and the Impact of this rich and complex conversation was the level in the coming five years. norms and behaviour; Evidence and facts the cause of the biggest challenges we are Public Discourse in a lined that democracy of Elections central role played by the communication seem to bear little meaning in public discour- facing today. As writing and then printing revo- Changing Media Envi- is the approach we · Regulation: The Ethics of Balancing the ecosystem in a well-functioning society and se where emotions run high and economic lutionized the way societies communicated ronment” wanted to choose to manage all Internet and the Legal and Ethical implications the acceptance that today’s communication and political interests are played-out in an and organized in their time, so digital techno- address. Re-Imagine together the deci- of Data and AI system is broken. Its influence in shaping ever more aggressive fashion. logies are revolutionizing our time. Europa and ALL Euro- sions that go beyond · Narratives: Defining the World and Trust in minds - and thus reality - has been emphasi- pean Academies organised this conference us and, as Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) Governance, Science and Expertise sed by its enormous impact on recent political How do we understand the times we live in? As Baroness O’Neill of Bengarve, Co-chair of together to build on the work developed by said in his Theory of Political and General Will, Considering recent events and the urgency to events, underlining the fact that the control How do we disentangle the complex web of the ALLEA Working Group on Truth, Trust and the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and “we still trust that implying all citizens in the understand these complex relationships, and ownership of the internet is one of the causes and symptoms that lay before us? Expertise and former President of the British Expertise and act as the starting point for making of the common decisions is a value”. renowned speakers from policy, academia, most important battles of our time.

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 5 Academy, reminded us: Socrates (as referred Re-Imagine Europa’s task force on “Democra- She underlined the important initial work done by Plato) thought that “the trouble is that cy in a Digital Society”. by the European Commission these past writing is a technology that allows words to go years, from the creation of a High-Level Expert fatherless into the world, nobody can see who As President Giscard d’Esating expressed, “at Group on Fake News and Online Disinformation, speaks, nobody can see who the author is”. Re-Imagine Europa we are convinced that we to the publication of the Code of Practice Whilst it took two-thousand years to tame this need to work together, bringing both expe- Against Disinformation to deliver something new magical technology called writing, it only rience and creativity to the table to develop concrete to citizens. (see Box 3 below for took two-hundred years to tame printing, innovative and new approaches to these more information) resulting in the flourishing of the enlighten- challenges that will be defining our societies ment, said Professor Antonio Loprieno, Presi- for the years to come”. Today it is widely accepted that the digital dent of ALLEA. Today revolution is affecting all aspects of our socie- we are witnessing the Commissioner Mariya ties. But it is also a strategic tool for the third big revolution in Gabriel highlighted empowerment of citizens; It will allow for a communication tech- the European Com- more horizontal organisation of society. So “How do we define what the nologies and a big mission’s commit- how can we assess these multi-faceted future of Europe in a digital question remains: ment to address the challenges? To answer these questions, the era will look like? We want a how long will it take to digital challenges and forum was divided into three main sections: digital future where core tame these new tech- to develop a Euro- European values, such as nologies and how will pean approach based a) The first part of the forum aimed at addres- freedom of expression, priva- they affect our society on our common sing how we can understand the times we live cy, democracy or data protec- and institutional values. It is true that in by recognising the deeper impacts of digital tion are fully respected. We set-up? What structu- digitalization brings technologies on our society and democracy want an inclusive digital res and regulations enormous challen- as a whole; future where all our citizens can we put in place to ges, but it also provi- b) The second part aimed at addressing the will benefit from the digital ensure digital techno- des huge opportuni- impact of digital technologies on values and transformation, where In this paper we summarise the main outco- logies develop in line ties. In these times, it the issues of truth, trust and expertise; humans will continue to be at mes of the debate and lay the foundation for with our values, there- makes sense to c) The third part of the conference saw partici- journalism and civil society addressed diffe- the centre of our action. the key questions that will form the back-bone fore supporting the remember who we pants break-out into four groups to discuss rent aspects of political legitimation, societal of the “Roadmap for a New Model of the strengthening of our are; to take pride in more in detail specific questions related to the trust, scientific evidence and public discourse At the dawn of the European Digital Information Ecosystem” that Re-Ima- Europe is in danger. Democracy is in danger. What institutions, regulations and norms can society? our European identity topic: in a rapidly changing media environment elections, it is also imperative gine Europa will be developing over the Our value-system is in danger. The past ten be developed to address the broader societal and values. Echoing under the scientific leadership of Professor to consolidate our efforts, coming months and that will be presented in years have been a watershed in the history of issues? How endangered is democracy in a These were some of the previous com- · Citizen Engagement: Digital Solutions in a Manuel Castells. and ensure that technology, 2020 to the new European Parliament and liberal democracies as we know them. Social digital society? the questions that the ments of President Disenchanted Age and Empowering Citizens and social media in particu- Commission. The aim is to build a new Euro- movements have appeared on the global forum on “Democracy Giscard d’Estaing on in the Digital Age Hosted at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy lar, are not used to widely pean model for the digital, including concrete scene questioning the status-quo; The results The arrival on the stage of history of digital in a Digital Society - the Greek agora, the · Disinformation: The Role of the Media in the of Sciences and Humanities, the starting point spread disinformation…” actions of what should be done at a European of recent elections have defied traditional technologies is cited more often then not as Trust, Evidence and Commissioner under- Digital Information Ecosystem and the Impact of this rich and complex conversation was the level in the coming five years. norms and behaviour; Evidence and facts the cause of the biggest challenges we are Public Discourse in a lined that democracy of Elections central role played by the communication MS MARIYA GABRIEL seem to bear little meaning in public discour- facing today. As writing and then printing revo- ecosystem in a well-functioning society and Changing Media Envi- European Commissioner for Digital is the approach we · Regulation: The Ethics of Balancing the se where emotions run high and economic lutionized the way societies communicated ronment” wanted to Economy and Society choose to manage all Internet and the Legal and Ethical implications the acceptance that today’s communication and political interests are played-out in an and organized in their time, so digital techno- address. Re-Imagine together the deci- of Data and AI system is broken. Its influence in shaping ever more aggressive fashion. logies are revolutionizing our time. Europa and ALL Euro- sions that go beyond · Narratives: Defining the World and Trust in minds - and thus reality - has been emphasi- pean Academies organised this conference us and, as Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) Governance, Science and Expertise sed by its enormous impact on recent political How do we understand the times we live in? As Baroness O’Neill of Bengarve, Co-chair of together to build on the work developed by said in his Theory of Political and General Will, Considering recent events and the urgency to events, underlining the fact that the control How do we disentangle the complex web of the ALLEA Working Group on Truth, Trust and the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and “we still trust that implying all citizens in the understand these complex relationships, and ownership of the internet is one of the causes and symptoms that lay before us? Expertise and former President of the British Expertise and act as the starting point for making of the common decisions is a value”. renowned speakers from policy, academia, most important battles of our time.

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 6 Academy, reminded us: Socrates (as referred Re-Imagine Europa’s task force on “Democra- She underlined the important initial work done by Plato) thought that “the trouble is that cy in a Digital Society”. by the European Commission these past writing is a technology that allows words to go years, from the creation of a High-Level Expert These issues are intellectually fatherless into the world, nobody can see who As President Giscard d’Esating expressed, “at Group on Fake News and Online Disinformation, interesting as they make us speaks, nobody can see who the author is”. Re-Imagine Europa we are convinced that we to the publication of the Code of Practice reflect on the philosophical, Whilst it took two-thousand years to tame this need to work together, bringing both expe- Against Disinformation to deliver something social and political foundations new magical technology called writing, it only rience and creativity to the table to develop concrete to citizens. (see Box 3 below for of our post-enlightenment took two-hundred years to tame printing, innovative and new approaches to these more information) Europe. They are also socio-eco- resulting in the flourishing of the enlighten- challenges that will be defining our societies nomically relevant because – ment, said Professor Antonio Loprieno, Presi- for the years to come”. Today it is widely accepted that the digital whatever the outcomes of this dent of ALLEA. Today revolution is affecting all aspects of our socie- debate – they will contribute to we are witnessing the Commissioner Mariya ties. But it is also a strategic tool for the shaping how, and in which world, third big revolution in Gabriel highlighted empowerment of citizens; It will allow for a we and the future generations communication tech- the European Com- more horizontal organisation of society. So will live. They are politically con- nologies and a big mission’s commit- how can we assess these multi-faceted troversial in nature because we question remains: ment to address the challenges? To answer these questions, the do not yet fully understand the how long will it take to digital challenges and forum was divided into three main sections: logic underlying these transfor- tame these new tech- to develop a Euro- mations and their impact on our nologies and how will pean approach based a) The first part of the forum aimed at addres- institutions. they affect our society on our common sing how we can understand the times we live and institutional values. It is true that in by recognising the deeper impacts of digital PROFESSOR ANTONIO LOPRIENO President of ALLEA, the European Federation set-up? What structu- digitalization brings technologies on our society and democracy of Academies of Sciences and Humanities res and regulations enormous challen- as a whole; can we put in place to ges, but it also provi- b) The second part aimed at addressing the ensure digital techno- des huge opportuni- impact of digital technologies on values and In this paper we summarise the main outco- logies develop in line ties. In these times, it the issues of truth, trust and expertise; mes of the debate and lay the foundation for with our values, there- makes sense to c) The third part of the conference saw partici- journalism and civil society addressed diffe- the key questions that will form the back-bone fore supporting the remember who we pants break-out into four groups to discuss rent aspects of political legitimation, societal of the “Roadmap for a New Model of the strengthening of our are; to take pride in more in detail specific questions related to the trust, scientific evidence and public discourse Digital Information Ecosystem” that Re-Ima- Europe is in danger. Democracy is in danger. What institutions, regulations and norms can society? our European identity topic: in a rapidly changing media environment gine Europa will be developing over the Our value-system is in danger. The past ten be developed to address the broader societal and values. Echoing under the scientific leadership of Professor coming months and that will be presented in years have been a watershed in the history of issues? How endangered is democracy in a These were some of the previous com- · Citizen Engagement: Digital Solutions in a Manuel Castells. 2020 to the new European Parliament and liberal democracies as we know them. Social digital society? the questions that the ments of President Disenchanted Age and Empowering Citizens Commission. The aim is to build a new Euro- movements have appeared on the global forum on “Democracy Giscard d’Estaing on in the Digital Age Hosted at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy pean model for the digital, including concrete scene questioning the status-quo; The results The arrival on the stage of history of digital in a Digital Society - the Greek agora, the · Disinformation: The Role of the Media in the of Sciences and Humanities, the starting point actions of what should be done at a European of recent elections have defied traditional technologies is cited more often then not as Trust, Evidence and Commissioner under- Digital Information Ecosystem and the Impact of this rich and complex conversation was the level in the coming five years. norms and behaviour; Evidence and facts the cause of the biggest challenges we are Public Discourse in a lined that democracy of Elections central role played by the communication seem to bear little meaning in public discour- facing today. As writing and then printing revo- Changing Media Envi- is the approach we · Regulation: The Ethics of Balancing the ecosystem in a well-functioning society and se where emotions run high and economic lutionized the way societies communicated ronment” wanted to choose to manage all Internet and the Legal and Ethical implications the acceptance that today’s communication and political interests are played-out in an and organized in their time, so digital techno- address. Re-Imagine together the deci- of Data and AI system is broken. Its influence in shaping ever more aggressive fashion. logies are revolutionizing our time. Europa and ALL Euro- sions that go beyond · Narratives: Defining the World and Trust in minds - and thus reality - has been emphasi- pean Academies organised this conference us and, as Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) Governance, Science and Expertise sed by its enormous impact on recent political How do we understand the times we live in? As Baroness O’Neill of Bengarve, Co-chair of together to build on the work developed by said in his Theory of Political and General Will, Considering recent events and the urgency to events, underlining the fact that the control How do we disentangle the complex web of the ALLEA Working Group on Truth, Trust and the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and “we still trust that implying all citizens in the understand these complex relationships, and ownership of the internet is one of the causes and symptoms that lay before us? Expertise and former President of the British Expertise and act as the starting point for making of the common decisions is a value”. renowned speakers from policy, academia, most important battles of our time.

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 7 Academy, reminded us: Socrates (as referred Re-Imagine Europa’s task force on “Democra- She underlined the important initial work done by Plato) thought that “the trouble is that cy in a Digital Society”. by the European Commission these past writing is a technology that allows words to go years, from the creation of a High-Level Expert fatherless into the world, nobody can see who As President Giscard d’Esating expressed, “at Group on Fake News and Online Disinformation, speaks, nobody can see who the author is”. Re-Imagine Europa we are convinced that we to the publication of the Code of Practice Whilst it took two-thousand years to tame this need to work together, bringing both expe- Against Disinformation to deliver something new magical technology called writing, it only rience and creativity to the table to develop concrete to citizens. (see Box 3 below for took two-hundred years to tame printing, innovative and new approaches to these more information) resulting in the flourishing of the enlighten- challenges that will be defining our societies ment, said Professor Antonio Loprieno, Presi- for the years to come”. Today it is widely accepted that the digital dent of ALLEA. Today revolution is affecting all aspects of our socie- we are witnessing the Commissioner Mariya ties. But it is also a strategic tool for the third big revolution in Gabriel highlighted empowerment of citizens; It will allow for a communication tech- the European Com- more horizontal organisation of society. So nologies and a big mission’s commit- how can we assess these multi-faceted question remains: ment to address the challenges? To answer these questions, the how long will it take to digital challenges and forum was divided into three main sections: tame these new tech- to develop a Euro- nologies and how will pean approach based a) The first part of the forum aimed at addres- they affect our society on our common sing how we can understand the times we live and institutional values. It is true that in by recognising the deeper impacts of digital set-up? What structu- digitalization brings technologies on our society and democracy res and regulations enormous challen- as a whole; can we put in place to ges, but it also provi- b) The second part aimed at addressing the ensure digital techno- des huge opportuni- impact of digital technologies on values and In this paper we summarise the main outco- logies develop in line ties. In these times, it the issues of truth, trust and expertise; mes of the debate and lay the foundation for Academies should play a stronger with our values, there- makes sense to c) The third part of the conference saw partici- journalism and civil society addressed diffe- the key questions that will form the back-bone role on these issues because they fore supporting the remember who we pants break-out into four groups to discuss rent aspects of political legitimation, societal of the “Roadmap for a New Model of the can provide the broad interdisci- strengthening of our are; to take pride in more in detail specific questions related to the trust, scientific evidence and public discourse Digital Information Ecosystem” that Re-Ima- plinary knowledge-base and the Europe is in danger. Democracy is in danger. What institutions, regulations and norms can society? our European identity topic: in a rapidly changing media environment gine Europa will be developing over the Our value-system is in danger. The past ten be developed to address the broader societal and values. Echoing under the scientific leadership of Professor expertise in order to analyse the coming months and that will be presented in issues that are arising and to years have been a watershed in the history of issues? How endangered is democracy in a These were some of the previous com- · Citizen Engagement: Digital Solutions in a Manuel Castells. 2020 to the new European Parliament and arrive at recommendations for liberal democracies as we know them. Social digital society? the questions that the ments of President Disenchanted Age and Empowering Citizens Commission. The aim is to build a new Euro- their solutions. movements have appeared on the global forum on “Democracy Giscard d’Estaing on in the Digital Age Hosted at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy pean model for the digital, including concrete scene questioning the status-quo; The results The arrival on the stage of history of digital in a Digital Society - the Greek agora, the · Disinformation: The Role of the Media in the of Sciences and Humanities, the starting point actions of what should be done at a European of recent elections have defied traditional technologies is cited more often then not as Trust, Evidence and Commissioner under- Digital Information Ecosystem and the Impact of this rich and complex conversation was the PROFESSOR MARTIN level in the coming five years. GRÖTSCHEL norms and behaviour; Evidence and facts the cause of the biggest challenges we are Public Discourse in a lined that democracy of Elections central role played by the communication President of the Berlin-Brandenburg seem to bear little meaning in public discour- facing today. As writing and then printing revo- Changing Media Envi- is the approach we · Regulation: The Ethics of Balancing the ecosystem in a well-functioning society and Academy of Sciences and Humanities se where emotions run high and economic lutionized the way societies communicated ronment” wanted to choose to manage all Internet and the Legal and Ethical implications the acceptance that today’s communication and political interests are played-out in an and organized in their time, so digital techno- address. Re-Imagine together the deci- of Data and AI system is broken. Its influence in shaping ever more aggressive fashion. logies are revolutionizing our time. Europa and ALL Euro- sions that go beyond · Narratives: Defining the World and Trust in minds - and thus reality - has been emphasi- pean Academies organised this conference us and, as Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) Governance, Science and Expertise sed by its enormous impact on recent political How do we understand the times we live in? As Baroness O’Neill of Bengarve, Co-chair of together to build on the work developed by said in his Theory of Political and General Will, Considering recent events and the urgency to events, underlining the fact that the control How do we disentangle the complex web of the ALLEA Working Group on Truth, Trust and the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and “we still trust that implying all citizens in the understand these complex relationships, and ownership of the internet is one of the causes and symptoms that lay before us? Expertise and former President of the British Expertise and act as the starting point for making of the common decisions is a value”. renowned speakers from policy, academia, most important battles of our time.

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 8 BOX 1 Democracy in a Digital Society [November 2018 – April 2020]

The work of Re-Imagine Europa is advanced through special Task Forces (TF) created to develop shared solutions that can respond to the most pressing strategic challenges facing Europe. In 2018, the TF on Democracy in a Digital Society was launched. As outlined in this report, the impact of digital technologies on society are far-reaching and understanding how to harness these technologies will be vital for the future.

Key Milestones Key People

24 January 2019 We would like to thank all our knowledge Democracy in a Digital Society Conference partners for their support in contricuting to the Berlin

RE-IMAGINE EUROPA TASK FORCE TASK EUROPA RE-IMAGINE programme and content of the TF. A particular 25 June 2019 thank you goes out to all the people who are Outcomes of the Conference and Initial Round of contributing with their time and expertise to the Expert Committee Feedback published Expert Committee and to the Chair and Steering Committee of the task force as mentioned below: Summer 2019 Start of engagement campaign for ﬁnal version of the Roadmap and Report on Democracy in a Digital CHAIR Society

Autumn 2019 PROFESSOR Expert Committee Roundatable on key-issues MANUEL CASTELLS

December 2019 Final Roadmap and Report Democracy in a Digital Manuel Castells is Professor of Sociology at the Society made available Open University of Catalonia (UOC) and Wallis Annenberg Chair Professor of Communication January 2020 Technology and Society at the Annenberg School Meeting Steering Committee of Communication, University of Southern Califor- Brussels nia. He is Professor Emeritus of Sociology, and Professor Emeritus of City and Regional Planning February 2020 at the University of California, Berkeley, where he Final Meeting Expert Committee to conﬁrm report taught for 24 years. He is a fellow of St. John’s and develop next steps College, University of Cambridge. Professor April 2020 Castells hold the chair of Network Society, Collè- Final Roadmap and Report on Democracy in a Digital ge d’Études Mondiales, Paris. Mr. Castells has Society printed authored 26 books, including the trilogy “The [MILESTONE 6] Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture”, translated in 23 languages. April 2020 Presentation of Report to key Stakeholders Roadshow across European capitals

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 9 STEERING COMMITTEE

Elisabeth ARDAILLON-POIRER Senior Policy Adviser of the European Political Strategy Centre of the European Commission

Anthony GOOCH Director of Public Aﬀairs & Communications at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Christophe LECLERCQ Founder of EURACTIV media network & Chairman of Fondation EURACTIV

Joe LYNAM Disinformation Specialist at the EU Commission former BBC Broadcaster

Key People Maria Grazia MATTEI Founder and President at MEET – Fondazione Cariplo We would like to thank all our knowledge partners for their support in contricuting to the programme and content of the TF. A particular Paula PETERS thank you goes out to all the people who are Vice President of Change.org contributing with their time and expertise to the Expert Committee and to the Chair and Steering Committee of the task force as mentioned below: Alain STROWEL CHAIR Saint-Louis University (Brussels) and the UCLouvain (Belgium)

Krzysztof SZUBERT Former Secretary of State / Deputy Minister of Digital Aﬀairs, Poland. Visiting Fellow, University of Oxford, UK. Strategic Advisor of National Research Institute (NASK). Member of the Council of the Manuel Castells is Professor of Sociology at the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR). Open University of Catalonia (UOC) and Wallis Annenberg Chair Professor of Communication Technology and Society at the Annenberg School of Communication, University of Southern Califor- nia. He is Professor Emeritus of Sociology, and Professor Emeritus of City and Regional Planning at the University of California, Berkeley, where he taught for 24 years. He is a fellow of St. John’s College, University of Cambridge. Professor Castells hold the chair of Network Society, Collè- ge d’Études Mondiales, Paris. Mr. Castells has authored 26 books, including the trilogy “The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture”, translated in 23 languages.

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 10 The afternoon debate was dedicated to Role of Values opinion and try to convince the other, ideally should focus on what is allowed to be done power to interfere in the lives of its citizen. In a exploring more in depth the implications of by argument and not by manipulation. In a with data. What is worrying is the algori- digital age, it is so important to limit survei- BOX 2 the paradigm shift of the communication Professor Christiane Woopen, Chair of the democratic society, legal and social institu- thm-driven possibility to deeply intrude in the llance and the appraisal that is based on it. ecosystem on the role of evidence, truth and European Group on Ethics in Science and New tions have a key role to set frameworks and individuals personali- trust in the public debate. The past decades Technologies and Executive Director of the procedures for this debate and the media play ty, into his or her Think of the Chinese ALLEA Working Group have seen an increasing distrust towards Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and a crucial role. integrity. Michael system of citizens authority be it in political leaders, the media Social Sciences of Health (CERES) at the Kosinski and his appraisal currently Truth, Trust and and experts, culminating in the now infamous University of Cologne, underlined that what Yet today we do not have the self-standing colleagues have being set-up throu- words of Michael Gove “Britain has had we are witnessing today is not an era of pluralistic media landscape we knew before. proved that with very gh the collaboration Expertise enough of experts”. A trend mirrored in polls dwindling values, but a time when certain As the 3rd working paper of the ALLEA Wor- little data – that does of the state and big and surveys across the globe. values, necessary for democratic societies, king Group states “the social media world not even have to be companies where might be challenged. has come to epitomize a world where “opi- personal – one can an infraction in one At the core of European academies’ priorities is the promotion of the values of science and Truth, trust and expertise matter in every walk nion” is more profitable than “fact”, where use psychological area – say a parking research, as well as the benefits of including scientific reasoning in public discourse. To com- of life and play a pivotal role in any functioning This was in fact the topic of the Annual Collo- statements do better than logical argument persuasive commu- fine - can lead to prehend the challenges ahead in a wider context of major social, political and cultural transfor- society. In fact, ALL European Academies quium on Fundamental Rights of the Euro- and where polarization prevails over common nication that is very ramifications in all mations, ALLEA seeks to provide a transnational platform for perspectives on the nature of and set-up a Working Group on “Truth, Trust and pean Commission held in November 2018 – ground and common sense".In a world where effective.1 other areas of life. relationship between truth, trust and expertise in the field of science. Expertise”, chaired by Baroness O’Neill of “Democracy in the EU” – with the aim to identi- the main currency is clicks and likes, the main European history Bengarve and Professor Ed Noort, aims to fy “avenues to foster free, open and healthy goal of most “communicators” is to reach as We are today in a has taught us repea- ALLEA and its Member Academies therefore initiated the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust explore current and past dynamics of public democratic participation in an era of growing many clicks and likes as possible. The easiest world of algorith- tedly that people, and Expertise to explore current and past dynamics of public trust in expertise and the contes- trust in expertise and contested norms of what low turn-out in elections, populism, digitization way to do this is to “pick an online fight” to mic, individualized, given certain situa- ted norms of what constitutes truth, facts and evidence in scientific research and beyond. It constitutes truth, facts and evidence in scien- and threats to civil society”. ensure that the message goes viral; the psychological mass tions, can give up developed a series of publications, workshops and conferences to reflect and build upon the tific research and beyond. obvious consequence is an aggressive com- manipulation, and their freedoms for available expertise and find new responses to uphold the principles and values of science in Woopen reminded us that lamenting the munication environment where each node is this is a deep threat to democracy. This power enhanced security and comfort. In the digital times of contested expertise. moral fall of a society has been going on fore- trying to pick fights with other nodes, resulting to change/manipulate behaviour is against age, totalitarian systems come in the guise of ver and inscriptions from the Sumerian times, in increased polarisation and hatred online in a democracy and the problem cannot be solved service offers. Publications five thousand years ago, testify to that. Yet, vicious circle that devalues scientific truth and by protection of personal data but by prohibi- Loss of Trust? Loss of Trustworthiness? Truth and Expertise Today, there is no proof of dwindling values. What is correctness. tion of such algorithms and micro-targeting (in It is imperative to act forcibly now. Woopen ALLEA Discussion Paper #1 important is to understand whether and how fields to be defined) and in setting-up and stressed the importance of working now to values, that are crucial for a flourishing demo- Anyone can send out an opinion without 2.- The Value of Privacy reshaping the roles of who is responsible for set-up new institutions and foster a system Trust Within Science: Dynamics and Norms of Knowledge Production, cratic society, can possibly be touched by having to look the opponent in the eye or what. Our current institutions are not enough. based on our values to ensure that we hold ALLEA Discussion Paper #2 what often is referred to as revolutionary or stand-up for their opinion. People might be Privacy – or the lack thereof in today’s big-da- 3.- The Value of Human Dignity on to those freedoms and rights that our fore- disruptive effects of data, algorithms and artifi- driven emotionally, but rational arguments are ta world – is a constant topic of discussion fathers have fought so hard for. Trust in Science and Changing Landscapes of Communication, cial intelligence (AI). indispensable to build a constructive debate, when talking about the impact of digital tech- This is the most fundamental value for all Opening the debate, O’Neill underlined three ALLEA Discussion Paper #3 which is absolutely crucial and fundamental nologies on society. The General Data Protec- society and is rooted in a legal system that characteristics that prefigured the current 1.- The Value of Public Discourse in the for a living democracy. What happens in tion Regulation (GDPR) has done a lot to protects the freedom of individuals – who crises: Members of the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and Expertise Pluralistic Society online forums and on social networks is that a address this issue but it is not enough to have dignity and not a price – and limits state person radicalizes himself or herself as there protect privacy. • Baroness Onora O’Neill (Co-Chair) – British Academy and Royal Society Freedom of opinion and speech are seen as is no counterpart or by the monotony of being • Ed Noort (Co-Chair) – Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences obvious in western democratic societies. surrounded by similar thinking (echo cham- In the past, it was sufficient to restrict access to • Maria Baghramian – Royal Irish Academy People are allowed their individual views and ber). But how is this different from before? data to protect privacy. Nowadays we face a • José van Dijck- Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences hierarchy of values which will be different from further paradigmatic development when • Luke Drury – Royal Irish Academy that of other people. So what is the function of Two key things: having to relativize data scarcity and minimi- • Göran Hermerén – Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities public discourse where people have diverging - The scaling effect; zation in order to focus on the use of data. • Gloria Origgi – Institut Jean Nicod visions? Conflict is inevitable. - The aggressive and difficult advertise- Instead of trying to restrict access to data – • Christiane Woopen – Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences Everyone has the right to stand-up for his ment-driven business models that most people are happy to give freely – we of Health (CERES)

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 11

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a meaningful way.

If they are to build a stronger relationship with the citizen, they need to start using these tools for real engagement and participation as opposed to just for dissemination and PR purposes.

PAG 12

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a meaningful way.

If they are to build a stronger relationship with the citizen, they need to start using these tools for real engagement and participation as opposed to just for dissemination and PR purposes.

a) The conflation of the idea that there is a Professor Žiga Turk for the University of Ljubl- culture for handling information with the jana. fantasy that there is a culture for communication. Diverging opinions came to the fore but there were several areas of agreement: Communication does not ignore the recipient whilst many forms of information dissemina- 1.- The potential danger and vulnerability of tion do ignore the recipient. our democratic systems faced with this new setting – in particular in relation to the number b) The conflation of the notion of freedom of of “external actors” using these new technolo- speech with that of freedom of expression. gies to manipulate audiences for the benefit We give primacy to the speaker and ignore of third parties the recipient. 2- The importance of the media and of looking c) Culture of control at the existing business models deserves a This new communication landscape enables particular mention. Our current system does new powers to control communication not “value” facts and evidence but runs on a allowing tech-companies deep influence on currency based on “attention” influencing the politics, on economics and on individual whole structure and priority of public attitudes. discourse. A very vivid discussion followed, chaired by 3- The need to start using existing tools – such Professor Ed Noort, Co-Chair of the ALLEA as anti-trust legislation and competition law – Working Group Truth, Trust and Expertise and to increase transparency of on-line adverti- with the participation of Lambert van Nistel- sing (Ad Tech). rooij, Member of the European Parliament and Member of the European Internet Forum, and 4- Existing institutions as well as politicians As the title of the forum suggests, there is an mirror of us as society. And as we stare into the exchanges messages on everything, that we fundamental public space of our age, the legitimacy. We need to work on developing a European of the battle. We need more experiments of The afternoon debate was dedicated to Role of Values opinion and try to convince the other, ideally should focus on what is allowed to be done power to interfere in the lives of its citizen. In a intimate link between political systems and abyss of this mirror, we are not liking what we see centralized control of information. In this space where, in the last instance, democracy way of working on these issues. citizen participation through digital channels; exploring more in depth the implications of by argument and not by manipulation. In a with data. What is worrying is the algori- digital age, it is so important to limit survei- the communication technologies of a society. see: In addition to sharing of ideas, collaborati- new ecosystem, three major sets of issues is fought over and decided. What can be done? How can we “tame” we need to renew forms of political parties, the paradigm shift of the communication Professor Christiane Woopen, Chair of the democratic society, legal and social institu- thm-driven possibility to deeply intrude in the llance and the appraisal that is based on it. The first part of the forum aimed to frame the ve research projects and all the good things seem to be critical: digital technologies? We cannot be naïve in our approach. To start renew public debates and dare to dream big ecosystem on the role of evidence, truth and European Group on Ethics in Science and New tions have a key role to set frameworks and individuals personali- broader questions underlining the impact of we hoped the internet would bring, we can c) The Struggle for the Public Mind understanding what can be done we need to in creating alternative spaces with different trust in the public debate. The past decades Technologies and Executive Director of the procedures for this debate and the media play ty, into his or her Think of the Chinese digital technologies on society and on our also witness the worst sides of human nature: a) State Surveillance and the Limits to Today we are seeing a crisis of belief that is examine who is in control today: big platforms incentive structures that can address these have seen an increasing distrust towards Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and a crucial role. integrity. Michael system of citizens institutional set-up and why this is such an racism, bullying, hate speech, manipulation. Liberty Power relationships are today played out on eroding trust in the democratic system, its that are usually not based in Europe. We need issues. The impact of narratives and how to authority be it in political leaders, the media Social Sciences of Health (CERES) at the Kosinski and his appraisal currently existential question. It also aimed to draw a the internet and within the digital social institutions, the running of its economy and to build-up our democratic capacity to have a achieve meaningful citizen engagement will and experts, culminating in the now infamous University of Cologne, underlined that what Yet today we do not have the self-standing colleagues have being set-up throu- clear parallel between these challenges and So, what is the link between digital technolo- Today the state – all states – have made networks. Digital technologies arrived on the the moral base of society. voice in the digital world. be discussed more at length below, in the words of Michael Gove “Britain has had we are witnessing today is not an era of pluralistic media landscape we knew before. proved that with very gh the collaboration the current crisis of liberal democracy, with gies, the arrival of the challenges of fake news, surveillance of their own people (and of com- stage with the hope of free expression and groups dedicated to Citizen Engagement and enough of experts”. A trend mirrored in polls dwindling values, but a time when certain As the 3rd working paper of the ALLEA Wor- little data – that does of the state and big particular focus on the current crisis in Europe. polarization, virtual manipulation and robots peting powers) the essence of their dominan- direct democracy, disintermediating the Anthony Gooch, Director of Public Affairs & The need for concreteness, as expressed by Narratives. and surveys across the globe. values, necessary for democratic societies, king Group states “the social media world not even have to be companies where and the current European crisis? ce. What is new is the reach and power of Big control of media by governments and corpo- Communications at the Organisation for Commissioner Mariya Gabriel, was reiterated might be challenged. has come to epitomize a world where “opi- personal – one can an infraction in one “Communication has always been central in Data and the technological capacity to relate rations. Yet, free communication opens the Economic Co-operation and Development and a number of issues were underlined as What might a European Google look like? Truth, trust and expertise matter in every walk nion” is more profitable than “fact”, where use psychological area – say a parking defining the working of a society” President Democracy is the system of rules that aims at all this information. way to dissemination of all opinions and ideas (OECD), started off the debate by underlining necessary: more and better education; What would it be? Rodrigues pointed out the of life and play a pivotal role in any functioning This was in fact the topic of the Annual Collo- statements do better than logical argument persuasive commu- fine - can lead to Giscard d’Estaing underlined in his opening setting procedures of representation of in society. The internet is a mirror of who we the challenges in terms of loss of trust that this supporting quality journalism and content; use important work done at a European level on society. In fact, ALL European Academies quium on Fundamental Rights of the Euro- and where polarization prevails over common nication that is very ramifications in all address, then confirmed by Manuel Castells’ citizens in the political institutions while These practices of mass surveillance are a are. crisis of belief has created and the need to of new technologies in the fight against fake health and how this might point in the direc- set-up a Working Group on “Truth, Trust and pean Commission held in November 2018 – ground and common sense".In a world where effective.1 other areas of life. statement that “throughout history, power protecting citizens against the abuse of power fundamental threat to human rights and viola- rethink the way we communicate. Moving news; extending regulations and legislation; tion of what a European way for the digital Expertise”, chaired by Baroness O’Neill of “Democracy in the EU” – with the aim to identi- the main currency is clicks and likes, the main European history relationships are largely based on the control on the part of the state, as well as other sour- te the right to privacy enshrined in European At the same time, we are witnessing an increa- from a top-down communication ecosystem creation of a level playing field. might look like. Bengarve and Professor Ed Noort, aims to fy “avenues to foster free, open and healthy goal of most “communicators” is to reach as We are today in a has taught us repea- of information and communication”. When the ces of power, be it economic or cultural. law. sed use of new tech- to a horizontal, open communication system explore current and past dynamics of public democratic participation in an era of growing many clicks and likes as possible. The easiest world of algorith- tedly that people, internet was first launched, it was hailed as a nologies to manipu- requires organisations and institutions to The issues raised will be dealt more in detail “The battle for renewed democracy can only trust in expertise and contested norms of what low turn-out in elections, populism, digitization way to do this is to “pick an online fight” to mic, individualized, given certain situa- beacon of democratization and the upheaval Today we live in a digital society where infor- b) Commercializa- late public opinion radically change the way they communicate below, with special focus in the sections on be won if it is institutional, cultural and digital. constitutes truth, facts and evidence in scien- and threats to civil society”. ensure that the message goes viral; the psychological mass tions, can give up of hierarchical control over human communi- mation and communication operate on the tion of Communica- and spread disinfor- and engage people, in order to make it mea- Disinformation and Regulation, but it is clear This is part of Re-Imagine Europa and the tific research and beyond. obvious consequence is an aggressive com- manipulation, and their freedoms for cation; it was seen as a freedom-promoting basis of digital technologies. Thus, the discus- tion and the End of mation. Bots are ningful. that the European reason why it is so important to start this Woopen reminded us that lamenting the munication environment where each node is this is a deep threat to democracy. This power enhanced security and comfort. In the digital tool created by freedom-lovers across the sion on the threats to democracy, as well as Privacy making it easier for a Commission will and process of deliberation” Castells concluded. moral fall of a society has been going on fore- trying to pick fights with other nodes, resulting to change/manipulate behaviour is against age, totalitarian systems come in the guise of world. Today, the reality looks quite different on the promise of democracy, have to be variety of actors to As with the arrival of should have a pivotal ver and inscriptions from the Sumerian times, in increased polarisation and hatred online in a democracy and the problem cannot be solved service offers. from the original vision and, as stressed by placed in this digital context. Widespread survei- engineer virality and writing and printing, role to play in regula- five thousand years ago, testify to that. Yet, vicious circle that devalues scientific truth and by protection of personal data but by prohibi- O’Neill, we should be wary of the cyber-ro- llance is not the main it has been asserted so digital technolo- ting the internet there is no proof of dwindling values. What is correctness. tion of such algorithms and micro-targeting (in It is imperative to act forcibly now. Woopen mantics, look at reality as it is today and think Today 95% of information is digitized. Compa- source of the demise that AI and gies will require us to while being careful important is to understand whether and how fields to be defined) and in setting-up and stressed the importance of working now to of Tim Berners Lee recent statement: “The red with a global population of 7.6 billion of privacy; it is not PSYCH-OPS are so rethink the way we not to suppress values, that are crucial for a flourishing demo- Anyone can send out an opinion without 2.- The Value of Privacy reshaping the roles of who is responsible for set-up new institutions and foster a system web has failed instead of serving humanity”. people, there are 7 billion unique users just “big brother” but effective they can organise our infor- internet freedom and cratic society, can possibly be touched by having to look the opponent in the eye or what. Our current institutions are not enough. based on our values to ensure that we hold Today we are forced connected to devi- “little sisters” – mea- influence whole mation ecosystem, other values. The what often is referred to as revolutionary or stand-up for their opinion. People might be Privacy – or the lack thereof in today’s big-da- 3.- The Value of Human Dignity on to those freedoms and rights that our fore- to look at digital ces. Today we are all ning all the compa- elections (Cambrid- the rules and regula- European Commis- disruptive effects of data, algorithms and artifi- driven emotionally, but rational arguments are ta world – is a constant topic of discussion fathers have fought so hard for. technologies with a connected. nies that dispose of ge Analytica). tions that secures sion is today seen as cial intelligence (AI). indispensable to build a constructive debate, when talking about the impact of digital tech- This is the most fundamental value for all Opening the debate, O’Neill underlined three pragmatic eye and How endangered is democracy in our information Psychological targe- rights and responsi- the most sophistica- which is absolutely crucial and fundamental nologies on society. The General Data Protec- society and is rooted in a legal system that characteristics that prefigured the current realise that, as any a digital society? This however creates including insurance companies, financial com- ting works as an effective approach to digital bilities and develop ted regulatory body 1.- The Value of Public Discourse in the for a living democracy. What happens in tion Regulation (GDPR) has done a lot to protects the freedom of individuals – who crises: technology, it is a paradoxical situa- panies, credit companies, internet communi- mass persuasion, AI has also been called into a system that can maximise the opportunities in the world and needs to play a key role in Pluralistic Society online forums and on social networks is that a address this issue but it is not enough to have dignity and not a price – and limits state neither good nor bad. tion leading to an cation companies, social networking compa- question in profiling exhibiting racial and provided by these new technologies. As person radicalizes himself or herself as there PRESIDENT VALÉRY GISCARD addressing the most pressing issues outlined protect privacy. It provides great D'ESTAING increasing control of nies, e-commerce companies and the like. gender biases, deep fakes are getting more Professor Maria João Rodrigues, Member of above. Therefore “Democracy in a Digital Freedom of opinion and speech are seen as is no counterpart or by the monotony of being opportunities as well President of Re-Imagine Europa, former information whilst we We have effectively transformed our and more sophisticated raising a number of the European Parliament, Vice-President of society” should become a key priority for the obvious in western democratic societies. surrounded by similar thinking (echo cham- In the past, it was sufficient to restrict access to President of France as challenges. are seeing a decrea- economy into Data Capitalism. challenges for addressing the problem of fake the S&D Group and President of FEPS - Euro- next European mandate, as reiterated by People are allowed their individual views and ber). But how is this different from before? data to protect privacy. Nowadays we face a Following a wave of sing monopoly of news. pean Foundation of Progressive Studies President Giscard d’Estaing. hierarchy of values which will be different from further paradigmatic development when cyber romanticism, mass communica- The feeling of vulnerability towards agencies underlined, we are dealing with a new reality, that of other people. So what is the function of Two key things: having to relativize data scarcity and minimi- we are today having our “Lord of the Flies tion. In fact, it is precisely because we are and companies is increasing distrust. People The result of the above is that the traditional that will require us to re-imagine our way of But this is not enough if we want to save our public discourse where people have diverging - The scaling effect; zation in order to focus on the use of data. Moment” realising that the internet, constitu- decentralized, because there are multiple will continue using their services, but it is deliberation process of democratic societies doing things. democratic systems. What we need to see visions? Conflict is inevitable. - The aggressive and difficult advertise- Instead of trying to restrict access to data – ting 95% of global information, is the best networks of communication where everybody important to note that this has become the has become obsolete, amplifying the crisis of happening is active participation at the heart Everyone has the right to stand-up for his ment-driven business models that most people are happy to give freely – we

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 13

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a meaningful way.

If they are to build a stronger relationship with the citizen, they need to start using these tools for real engagement and participation as opposed to just for dissemination and PR purposes.

a) The conflation of the idea that there is a Professor Žiga Turk for the University of Ljubl- culture for handling information with the jana. fantasy that there is a culture for communication. Diverging opinions came to the fore but there were several areas of agreement: Communication does not ignore the recipient whilst many forms of information dissemina- 1.- The potential danger and vulnerability of tion do ignore the recipient. our democratic systems faced with this new setting – in particular in relation to the number b) The conflation of the notion of freedom of of “external actors” using these new technolo- speech with that of freedom of expression. gies to manipulate audiences for the benefit We give primacy to the speaker and ignore of third parties the recipient. 2- The importance of the media and of looking c) Culture of control at the existing business models deserves a This new communication landscape enables particular mention. Our current system does new powers to control communication not “value” facts and evidence but runs on a allowing tech-companies deep influence on currency based on “attention” influencing the politics, on economics and on individual whole structure and priority of public attitudes. discourse. A very vivid discussion followed, chaired by 3- The need to start using existing tools – such Professor Ed Noort, Co-Chair of the ALLEA as anti-trust legislation and competition law – Working Group Truth, Trust and Expertise and to increase transparency of on-line adverti- with the participation of Lambert van Nistel- sing (Ad Tech). rooij, Member of the European Parliament and Member of the European Internet Forum, and 4- Existing institutions as well as politicians As the title of the forum suggests, there is an mirror of us as society. And as we stare into the exchanges messages on everything, that we fundamental public space of our age, the legitimacy. We need to work on developing a European of the battle. We need more experiments of The afternoon debate was dedicated to Role of Values opinion and try to convince the other, ideally should focus on what is allowed to be done power to interfere in the lives of its citizen. In a intimate link between political systems and abyss of this mirror, we are not liking what we see centralized control of information. In this space where, in the last instance, democracy way of working on these issues. citizen participation through digital channels; exploring more in depth the implications of by argument and not by manipulation. In a with data. What is worrying is the algori- digital age, it is so important to limit survei- the communication technologies of a society. see: In addition to sharing of ideas, collaborati- new ecosystem, three major sets of issues is fought over and decided. What can be done? How can we “tame” we need to renew forms of political parties, the paradigm shift of the communication Professor Christiane Woopen, Chair of the democratic society, legal and social institu- thm-driven possibility to deeply intrude in the llance and the appraisal that is based on it. The first part of the forum aimed to frame the ve research projects and all the good things seem to be critical: digital technologies? We cannot be naïve in our approach. To start renew public debates and dare to dream big ecosystem on the role of evidence, truth and European Group on Ethics in Science and New tions have a key role to set frameworks and individuals personali- broader questions underlining the impact of we hoped the internet would bring, we can c) The Struggle for the Public Mind understanding what can be done we need to in creating alternative spaces with different trust in the public debate. The past decades Technologies and Executive Director of the procedures for this debate and the media play ty, into his or her Think of the Chinese digital technologies on society and on our also witness the worst sides of human nature: a) State Surveillance and the Limits to Today we are seeing a crisis of belief that is examine who is in control today: big platforms incentive structures that can address these have seen an increasing distrust towards Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and a crucial role. integrity. Michael system of citizens institutional set-up and why this is such an racism, bullying, hate speech, manipulation. Liberty Power relationships are today played out on eroding trust in the democratic system, its that are usually not based in Europe. We need issues. The impact of narratives and how to authority be it in political leaders, the media Social Sciences of Health (CERES) at the Kosinski and his appraisal currently existential question. It also aimed to draw a the internet and within the digital social institutions, the running of its economy and to build-up our democratic capacity to have a achieve meaningful citizen engagement will and experts, culminating in the now infamous University of Cologne, underlined that what Yet today we do not have the self-standing colleagues have being set-up throu- clear parallel between these challenges and So, what is the link between digital technolo- Today the state – all states – have made networks. Digital technologies arrived on the the moral base of society. voice in the digital world. be discussed more at length below, in the words of Michael Gove “Britain has had we are witnessing today is not an era of pluralistic media landscape we knew before. proved that with very gh the collaboration the current crisis of liberal democracy, with gies, the arrival of the challenges of fake news, surveillance of their own people (and of com- stage with the hope of free expression and groups dedicated to Citizen Engagement and enough of experts”. A trend mirrored in polls dwindling values, but a time when certain As the 3rd working paper of the ALLEA Wor- little data – that does of the state and big particular focus on the current crisis in Europe. polarization, virtual manipulation and robots peting powers) the essence of their dominan- direct democracy, disintermediating the Anthony Gooch, Director of Public Affairs & The need for concreteness, as expressed by Narratives. and surveys across the globe. values, necessary for democratic societies, king Group states “the social media world not even have to be companies where and the current European crisis? ce. What is new is the reach and power of Big control of media by governments and corpo- Communications at the Organisation for Commissioner Mariya Gabriel, was reiterated might be challenged. has come to epitomize a world where “opi- personal – one can an infraction in one “Communication has always been central in Data and the technological capacity to relate rations. Yet, free communication opens the Economic Co-operation and Development and a number of issues were underlined as What might a European Google look like? Truth, trust and expertise matter in every walk nion” is more profitable than “fact”, where use psychological area – say a parking defining the working of a society” President Democracy is the system of rules that aims at all this information. way to dissemination of all opinions and ideas (OECD), started off the debate by underlining necessary: more and better education; What would it be? Rodrigues pointed out the of life and play a pivotal role in any functioning This was in fact the topic of the Annual Collo- statements do better than logical argument persuasive commu- fine - can lead to Giscard d’Estaing underlined in his opening setting procedures of representation of in society. The internet is a mirror of who we the challenges in terms of loss of trust that this supporting quality journalism and content; use important work done at a European level on society. In fact, ALL European Academies quium on Fundamental Rights of the Euro- and where polarization prevails over common nication that is very ramifications in all address, then confirmed by Manuel Castells’ citizens in the political institutions while These practices of mass surveillance are a are. crisis of belief has created and the need to of new technologies in the fight against fake health and how this might point in the direc- set-up a Working Group on “Truth, Trust and pean Commission held in November 2018 – ground and common sense".In a world where effective.1 other areas of life. statement that “throughout history, power protecting citizens against the abuse of power fundamental threat to human rights and viola- rethink the way we communicate. Moving news; extending regulations and legislation; tion of what a European way for the digital Expertise”, chaired by Baroness O’Neill of “Democracy in the EU” – with the aim to identi- the main currency is clicks and likes, the main European history relationships are largely based on the control on the part of the state, as well as other sour- te the right to privacy enshrined in European At the same time, we are witnessing an increa- from a top-down communication ecosystem creation of a level playing field. might look like. Bengarve and Professor Ed Noort, aims to fy “avenues to foster free, open and healthy goal of most “communicators” is to reach as We are today in a has taught us repea- of information and communication”. When the ces of power, be it economic or cultural. law. sed use of new tech- to a horizontal, open communication system explore current and past dynamics of public democratic participation in an era of growing many clicks and likes as possible. The easiest world of algorith- tedly that people, internet was first launched, it was hailed as a nologies to manipu- requires organisations and institutions to The issues raised will be dealt more in detail “The battle for renewed democracy can only trust in expertise and contested norms of what low turn-out in elections, populism, digitization way to do this is to “pick an online fight” to mic, individualized, given certain situa- beacon of democratization and the upheaval Today we live in a digital society where infor- b) Commercializa- late public opinion radically change the way they communicate below, with special focus in the sections on be won if it is institutional, cultural and digital. constitutes truth, facts and evidence in scien- and threats to civil society”. ensure that the message goes viral; the psychological mass tions, can give up of hierarchical control over human communi- mation and communication operate on the tion of Communica- The European construction and and spread disinfor- and engage people, in order to make it mea- Disinformation and Regulation, but it is clear This is part of Re-Imagine Europa and the tific research and beyond. obvious consequence is an aggressive com- manipulation, and their freedoms for cation; it was seen as a freedom-promoting basis of digital technologies. Thus, the discus- tion and the End of the European dream are in danger mation. Bots are ningful. that the European reason why it is so important to start this Woopen reminded us that lamenting the munication environment where each node is this is a deep threat to democracy. This power enhanced security and comfort. In the digital tool created by freedom-lovers across the sion on the threats to democracy, as well as Privacy due to the lack of legitimacy of making it easier for a Commission will and process of deliberation” Castells concluded. moral fall of a society has been going on fore- trying to pick fights with other nodes, resulting to change/manipulate behaviour is against age, totalitarian systems come in the guise of world. Today, the reality looks quite different on the promise of democracy, have to be the European institutions in the variety of actors to As with the arrival of should have a pivotal ver and inscriptions from the Sumerian times, in increased polarisation and hatred online in a democracy and the problem cannot be solved service offers. from the original vision and, as stressed by placed in this digital context. Widespread survei- minds of the citizens engineer virality and writing and printing, role to play in regula- five thousand years ago, testify to that. Yet, vicious circle that devalues scientific truth and by protection of personal data but by prohibi- O’Neill, we should be wary of the cyber-ro- llance is not the main it has been asserted so digital technolo- ting the internet there is no proof of dwindling values. What is correctness. tion of such algorithms and micro-targeting (in It is imperative to act forcibly now. Woopen mantics, look at reality as it is today and think Today 95% of information is digitized. Compa- source of the demise PROFESSOR MANUEL CASTELLS that AI and gies will require us to while being careful important is to understand whether and how fields to be defined) and in setting-up and stressed the importance of working now to of Tim Berners Lee recent statement: “The red with a global population of 7.6 billion of privacy; it is not Chairman of the Re-Imagine Europa PSYCH-OPS are so rethink the way we not to suppress values, that are crucial for a flourishing demo- Anyone can send out an opinion without 2.- The Value of Privacy reshaping the roles of who is responsible for set-up new institutions and foster a system Taskforce on Democracy in a Digital Society, web has failed instead of serving humanity”. people, there are 7 billion unique users just “big brother” but Wallis Annenberg Chair Professor of effective they can organise our infor- internet freedom and cratic society, can possibly be touched by having to look the opponent in the eye or what. Our current institutions are not enough. based on our values to ensure that we hold Today we are forced connected to devi- “little sisters” – mea- Communication Technology and Society at influence whole mation ecosystem, other values. The what often is referred to as revolutionary or stand-up for their opinion. People might be Privacy – or the lack thereof in today’s big-da- 3.- The Value of Human Dignity on to those freedoms and rights that our fore- the Annenberg School of Communication, to look at digital ces. Today we are all ning all the compa- University of Southern California elections (Cambrid- the rules and regula- European Commis- disruptive effects of data, algorithms and artifi- driven emotionally, but rational arguments are ta world – is a constant topic of discussion fathers have fought so hard for. technologies with a connected. nies that dispose of ge Analytica). tions that secures sion is today seen as cial intelligence (AI). indispensable to build a constructive debate, when talking about the impact of digital tech- This is the most fundamental value for all Opening the debate, O’Neill underlined three pragmatic eye and our information Psychological targe- rights and responsi- the most sophistica- which is absolutely crucial and fundamental nologies on society. The General Data Protec- society and is rooted in a legal system that characteristics that prefigured the current realise that, as any This however creates including insurance companies, financial com- ting works as an effective approach to digital bilities and develop ted regulatory body 1.- The Value of Public Discourse in the for a living democracy. What happens in tion Regulation (GDPR) has done a lot to protects the freedom of individuals – who crises: technology, it is a paradoxical situa- panies, credit companies, internet communi- mass persuasion, AI has also been called into a system that can maximise the opportunities in the world and needs to play a key role in Pluralistic Society online forums and on social networks is that a address this issue but it is not enough to have dignity and not a price – and limits state neither good nor bad. tion leading to an cation companies, social networking compa- question in profiling exhibiting racial and provided by these new technologies. As addressing the most pressing issues outlined person radicalizes himself or herself as there protect privacy. It provides great increasing control of nies, e-commerce companies and the like. gender biases, deep fakes are getting more Professor Maria João Rodrigues, Member of above. Therefore “Democracy in a Digital Freedom of opinion and speech are seen as is no counterpart or by the monotony of being opportunities as well information whilst we We have effectively transformed our and more sophisticated raising a number of the European Parliament, Vice-President of society” should become a key priority for the obvious in western democratic societies. surrounded by similar thinking (echo cham- In the past, it was sufficient to restrict access to as challenges. are seeing a decrea- economy into Data Capitalism. challenges for addressing the problem of fake the S&D Group and President of FEPS - Euro- next European mandate, as reiterated by People are allowed their individual views and ber). But how is this different from before? data to protect privacy. Nowadays we face a Following a wave of sing monopoly of news. pean Foundation of Progressive Studies President Giscard d’Estaing. hierarchy of values which will be different from further paradigmatic development when cyber romanticism, mass communica- The feeling of vulnerability towards agencies underlined, we are dealing with a new reality, that of other people. So what is the function of Two key things: having to relativize data scarcity and minimi- we are today having our “Lord of the Flies tion. In fact, it is precisely because we are and companies is increasing distrust. People The result of the above is that the traditional that will require us to re-imagine our way of But this is not enough if we want to save our public discourse where people have diverging - The scaling effect; zation in order to focus on the use of data. Moment” realising that the internet, constitu- decentralized, because there are multiple will continue using their services, but it is deliberation process of democratic societies doing things. democratic systems. What we need to see visions? Conflict is inevitable. - The aggressive and difficult advertise- Instead of trying to restrict access to data – ting 95% of global information, is the best networks of communication where everybody important to note that this has become the has become obsolete, amplifying the crisis of happening is active participation at the heart Everyone has the right to stand-up for his ment-driven business models that most people are happy to give freely – we

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 14

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a meaningful way.

If they are to build a stronger relationship with the citizen, they need to start using these tools for real engagement and participation as opposed to just for dissemination and PR purposes.

a) The conflation of the idea that there is a Professor Žiga Turk for the University of Ljubl- culture for handling information with the jana. fantasy that there is a culture for communication. Diverging opinions came to the fore but there were several areas of agreement: Communication does not ignore the recipient whilst many forms of information dissemina- 1.- The potential danger and vulnerability of tion do ignore the recipient. our democratic systems faced with this new setting – in particular in relation to the number b) The conflation of the notion of freedom of of “external actors” using these new technolo- speech with that of freedom of expression. gies to manipulate audiences for the benefit We give primacy to the speaker and ignore of third parties the recipient. 2- The importance of the media and of looking c) Culture of control at the existing business models deserves a This new communication landscape enables particular mention. Our current system does new powers to control communication not “value” facts and evidence but runs on a allowing tech-companies deep influence on currency based on “attention” influencing the politics, on economics and on individual whole structure and priority of public attitudes. discourse. A very vivid discussion followed, chaired by 3- The need to start using existing tools – such Professor Ed Noort, Co-Chair of the ALLEA as anti-trust legislation and competition law – Working Group Truth, Trust and Expertise and to increase transparency of on-line adverti- with the participation of Lambert van Nistel- sing (Ad Tech). rooij, Member of the European Parliament and Member of the European Internet Forum, and 4- Existing institutions as well as politicians As the title of the forum suggests, there is an mirror of us as society. And as we stare into the exchanges messages on everything, that we fundamental public space of our age, the legitimacy. We need to work on developing a European of the battle. We need more experiments of The afternoon debate was dedicated to Role of Values opinion and try to convince the other, ideally should focus on what is allowed to be done power to interfere in the lives of its citizen. In a intimate link between political systems and abyss of this mirror, we are not liking what we see centralized control of information. In this space where, in the last instance, democracy way of working on these issues. citizen participation through digital channels; exploring more in depth the implications of by argument and not by manipulation. In a with data. What is worrying is the algori- digital age, it is so important to limit survei- the communication technologies of a society. see: In addition to sharing of ideas, collaborati- new ecosystem, three major sets of issues is fought over and decided. What can be done? How can we “tame” we need to renew forms of political parties, the paradigm shift of the communication Professor Christiane Woopen, Chair of the democratic society, legal and social institu- thm-driven possibility to deeply intrude in the llance and the appraisal that is based on it. The first part of the forum aimed to frame the ve research projects and all the good things seem to be critical: digital technologies? We cannot be naïve in our approach. To start renew public debates and dare to dream big ecosystem on the role of evidence, truth and European Group on Ethics in Science and New tions have a key role to set frameworks and individuals personali- broader questions underlining the impact of we hoped the internet would bring, we can c) The Struggle for the Public Mind understanding what can be done we need to in creating alternative spaces with different trust in the public debate. The past decades Technologies and Executive Director of the procedures for this debate and the media play ty, into his or her Think of the Chinese digital technologies on society and on our also witness the worst sides of human nature: a) State Surveillance and the Limits to Today we are seeing a crisis of belief that is examine who is in control today: big platforms incentive structures that can address these have seen an increasing distrust towards Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and a crucial role. integrity. Michael system of citizens institutional set-up and why this is such an racism, bullying, hate speech, manipulation. Liberty Power relationships are today played out on eroding trust in the democratic system, its that are usually not based in Europe. We need issues. The impact of narratives and how to authority be it in political leaders, the media Social Sciences of Health (CERES) at the Kosinski and his appraisal currently existential question. It also aimed to draw a the internet and within the digital social institutions, the running of its economy and to build-up our democratic capacity to have a achieve meaningful citizen engagement will and experts, culminating in the now infamous University of Cologne, underlined that what Yet today we do not have the self-standing colleagues have being set-up throu- clear parallel between these challenges and So, what is the link between digital technolo- Today the state – all states – have made networks. Digital technologies arrived on the the moral base of society. voice in the digital world. be discussed more at length below, in the words of Michael Gove “Britain has had we are witnessing today is not an era of pluralistic media landscape we knew before. proved that with very gh the collaboration the current crisis of liberal democracy, with gies, the arrival of the challenges of fake news, surveillance of their own people (and of com- stage with the hope of free expression and groups dedicated to Citizen Engagement and enough of experts”. A trend mirrored in polls dwindling values, but a time when certain As the 3rd working paper of the ALLEA Wor- little data – that does of the state and big particular focus on the current crisis in Europe. polarization, virtual manipulation and robots peting powers) the essence of their dominan- direct democracy, disintermediating the Anthony Gooch, Director of Public Affairs & The need for concreteness, as expressed by Narratives. and surveys across the globe. values, necessary for democratic societies, king Group states “the social media world not even have to be companies where and the current European crisis? ce. What is new is the reach and power of Big control of media by governments and corpo- Communications at the Organisation for Commissioner Mariya Gabriel, was reiterated might be challenged. has come to epitomize a world where “opi- personal – one can an infraction in one “Communication has always been central in Data and the technological capacity to relate rations. Yet, free communication opens the Economic Co-operation and Development and a number of issues were underlined as What might a European Google look like? Truth, trust and expertise matter in every walk nion” is more profitable than “fact”, where use psychological area – say a parking defining the working of a society” President Democracy is the system of rules that aims at all this information. way to dissemination of all opinions and ideas (OECD), started off the debate by underlining necessary: more and better education; What would it be? Rodrigues pointed out the of life and play a pivotal role in any functioning This was in fact the topic of the Annual Collo- statements do better than logical argument persuasive commu- fine - can lead to Giscard d’Estaing underlined in his opening setting procedures of representation of in society. The internet is a mirror of who we the challenges in terms of loss of trust that this supporting quality journalism and content; use important work done at a European level on society. In fact, ALL European Academies quium on Fundamental Rights of the Euro- and where polarization prevails over common nication that is very ramifications in all address, then confirmed by Manuel Castells’ citizens in the political institutions while These practices of mass surveillance are a are. crisis of belief has created and the need to of new technologies in the fight against fake health and how this might point in the direc- set-up a Working Group on “Truth, Trust and pean Commission held in November 2018 – ground and common sense".In a world where effective.1 other areas of life. statement that “throughout history, power protecting citizens against the abuse of power fundamental threat to human rights and viola- rethink the way we communicate. Moving news; extending regulations and legislation; tion of what a European way for the digital Expertise”, chaired by Baroness O’Neill of “Democracy in the EU” – with the aim to identi- the main currency is clicks and likes, the main European history relationships are largely based on the control on the part of the state, as well as other sour- te the right to privacy enshrined in European At the same time, we are witnessing an increa- from a top-down communication ecosystem creation of a level playing field. might look like. Bengarve and Professor Ed Noort, aims to fy “avenues to foster free, open and healthy goal of most “communicators” is to reach as We are today in a has taught us repea- of information and communication”. When the ces of power, be it economic or cultural. law. sed use of new tech- to a horizontal, open communication system explore current and past dynamics of public democratic participation in an era of growing many clicks and likes as possible. The easiest world of algorith- tedly that people, internet was first launched, it was hailed as a nologies to manipu- requires organisations and institutions to The issues raised will be dealt more in detail “The battle for renewed democracy can only trust in expertise and contested norms of what low turn-out in elections, populism, digitization way to do this is to “pick an online fight” to mic, individualized, given certain situa- beacon of democratization and the upheaval Today we live in a digital society where infor- b) Commercializa- late public opinion radically change the way they communicate below, with special focus in the sections on be won if it is institutional, cultural and digital. constitutes truth, facts and evidence in scien- and threats to civil society”. ensure that the message goes viral; the psychological mass tions, can give up of hierarchical control over human communi- mation and communication operate on the tion of Communica- and spread disinfor- and engage people, in order to make it mea- Disinformation and Regulation, but it is clear This is part of Re-Imagine Europa and the tific research and beyond. obvious consequence is an aggressive com- manipulation, and their freedoms for cation; it was seen as a freedom-promoting basis of digital technologies. Thus, the discus- tion and the End of mation. Bots are ningful. that the European reason why it is so important to start this Woopen reminded us that lamenting the munication environment where each node is this is a deep threat to democracy. This power enhanced security and comfort. In the digital tool created by freedom-lovers across the sion on the threats to democracy, as well as Privacy making it easier for a Commission will and process of deliberation” Castells concluded. moral fall of a society has been going on fore- trying to pick fights with other nodes, resulting to change/manipulate behaviour is against age, totalitarian systems come in the guise of world. Today, the reality looks quite different on the promise of democracy, have to be variety of actors to As with the arrival of should have a pivotal ver and inscriptions from the Sumerian times, in increased polarisation and hatred online in a democracy and the problem cannot be solved service offers. from the original vision and, as stressed by placed in this digital context. Widespread survei- engineer virality and writing and printing, We have taken democracy for role to play in regula- five thousand years ago, testify to that. Yet, vicious circle that devalues scientific truth and by protection of personal data but by prohibi- O’Neill, we should be wary of the cyber-ro- llance is not the main it has been asserted so digital technolo- granted. Reality is that those ting the internet there is no proof of dwindling values. What is correctness. tion of such algorithms and micro-targeting (in It is imperative to act forcibly now. Woopen mantics, look at reality as it is today and think Today 95% of information is digitized. Compa- source of the demise that AI and gies will require us to things we have taken for granted while being careful important is to understand whether and how fields to be defined) and in setting-up and stressed the importance of working now to of Tim Berners Lee recent statement: “The red with a global population of 7.6 billion of privacy; it is not PSYCH-OPS are so rethink the way we are no more not to suppress values, that are crucial for a flourishing demo- Anyone can send out an opinion without 2.- The Value of Privacy reshaping the roles of who is responsible for set-up new institutions and foster a system web has failed instead of serving humanity”. people, there are 7 billion unique users just “big brother” but effective they can organise our infor- internet freedom and cratic society, can possibly be touched by having to look the opponent in the eye or what. Our current institutions are not enough. based on our values to ensure that we hold Today we are forced connected to devi- “little sisters” – mea- influence whole mation ecosystem, ANTHONY GOOCH other values. The what often is referred to as revolutionary or stand-up for their opinion. People might be Privacy – or the lack thereof in today’s big-da- 3.- The Value of Human Dignity on to those freedoms and rights that our fore- to look at digital ces. Today we are all ning all the compa- elections (Cambrid- the rules and regula- Director of Public Affairs & Communications European Commis- disruptive effects of data, algorithms and artifi- driven emotionally, but rational arguments are ta world – is a constant topic of discussion fathers have fought so hard for. at the Organisation for Economic Co-opera- technologies with a connected. nies that dispose of ge Analytica). tions that secures sion is today seen as cial intelligence (AI). indispensable to build a constructive debate, when talking about the impact of digital tech- This is the most fundamental value for all Opening the debate, O’Neill underlined three pragmatic eye and our information Psychological targe- rights and responsi- the most sophistica- which is absolutely crucial and fundamental nologies on society. The General Data Protec- society and is rooted in a legal system that characteristics that prefigured the current realise that, as any This however creates including insurance companies, financial com- ting works as an effective approach to digital bilities and develop ted regulatory body 1.- The Value of Public Discourse in the for a living democracy. What happens in tion Regulation (GDPR) has done a lot to protects the freedom of individuals – who crises: technology, it is a paradoxical situa- panies, credit companies, internet communi- mass persuasion, AI has also been called into a system that can maximise the opportunities in the world and needs to play a key role in Pluralistic Society online forums and on social networks is that a address this issue but it is not enough to have dignity and not a price – and limits state neither good nor bad. tion leading to an cation companies, social networking compa- question in profiling exhibiting racial and provided by these new technologies. As addressing the most pressing issues outlined person radicalizes himself or herself as there protect privacy. It provides great increasing control of nies, e-commerce companies and the like. gender biases, deep fakes are getting more Professor Maria João Rodrigues, Member of above. Therefore “Democracy in a Digital Freedom of opinion and speech are seen as is no counterpart or by the monotony of being opportunities as well information whilst we We have effectively transformed our and more sophisticated raising a number of the European Parliament, Vice-President of society” should become a key priority for the obvious in western democratic societies. surrounded by similar thinking (echo cham- In the past, it was sufficient to restrict access to as challenges. are seeing a decrea- economy into Data Capitalism. challenges for addressing the problem of fake the S&D Group and President of FEPS - Euro- next European mandate, as reiterated by People are allowed their individual views and ber). But how is this different from before? data to protect privacy. Nowadays we face a Following a wave of sing monopoly of news. pean Foundation of Progressive Studies President Giscard d’Estaing. hierarchy of values which will be different from further paradigmatic development when cyber romanticism, mass communica- The feeling of vulnerability towards agencies underlined, we are dealing with a new reality, that of other people. So what is the function of Two key things: having to relativize data scarcity and minimi- we are today having our “Lord of the Flies tion. In fact, it is precisely because we are and companies is increasing distrust. People The result of the above is that the traditional that will require us to re-imagine our way of But this is not enough if we want to save our public discourse where people have diverging - The scaling effect; zation in order to focus on the use of data. Moment” realising that the internet, constitu- decentralized, because there are multiple will continue using their services, but it is deliberation process of democratic societies doing things. democratic systems. What we need to see visions? Conflict is inevitable. - The aggressive and difficult advertise- Instead of trying to restrict access to data – ting 95% of global information, is the best networks of communication where everybody important to note that this has become the has become obsolete, amplifying the crisis of happening is active participation at the heart Everyone has the right to stand-up for his ment-driven business models that most people are happy to give freely – we

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 15

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a meaningful way.

If they are to build a stronger relationship with the citizen, they need to start using these tools for real engagement and participation as opposed to just for dissemination and PR purposes.

a) The conflation of the idea that there is a Professor Žiga Turk for the University of Ljubl- culture for handling information with the jana. fantasy that there is a culture for communication. Diverging opinions came to the fore but there were several areas of agreement: Communication does not ignore the recipient whilst many forms of information dissemina- 1.- The potential danger and vulnerability of tion do ignore the recipient. our democratic systems faced with this new setting – in particular in relation to the number b) The conflation of the notion of freedom of of “external actors” using these new technolo- speech with that of freedom of expression. gies to manipulate audiences for the benefit We give primacy to the speaker and ignore of third parties the recipient. 2- The importance of the media and of looking c) Culture of control at the existing business models deserves a This new communication landscape enables particular mention. Our current system does new powers to control communication not “value” facts and evidence but runs on a allowing tech-companies deep influence on currency based on “attention” influencing the politics, on economics and on individual whole structure and priority of public attitudes. discourse. A very vivid discussion followed, chaired by 3- The need to start using existing tools – such Professor Ed Noort, Co-Chair of the ALLEA as anti-trust legislation and competition law – Working Group Truth, Trust and Expertise and to increase transparency of on-line adverti- with the participation of Lambert van Nistel- sing (Ad Tech). rooij, Member of the European Parliament and Member of the European Internet Forum, and 4- Existing institutions as well as politicians As the title of the forum suggests, there is an mirror of us as society. And as we stare into the exchanges messages on everything, that we fundamental public space of our age, the legitimacy. We need to work on developing a European of the battle. We need more experiments of The afternoon debate was dedicated to Role of Values opinion and try to convince the other, ideally should focus on what is allowed to be done power to interfere in the lives of its citizen. In a intimate link between political systems and abyss of this mirror, we are not liking what we see centralized control of information. In this space where, in the last instance, democracy way of working on these issues. citizen participation through digital channels; exploring more in depth the implications of by argument and not by manipulation. In a with data. What is worrying is the algori- digital age, it is so important to limit survei- the communication technologies of a society. see: In addition to sharing of ideas, collaborati- new ecosystem, three major sets of issues is fought over and decided. What can be done? How can we “tame” we need to renew forms of political parties, We need to redefine how our de- the paradigm shift of the communication Professor Christiane Woopen, Chair of the democratic society, legal and social institu- thm-driven possibility to deeply intrude in the llance and the appraisal that is based on it. The first part of the forum aimed to frame the ve research projects and all the good things seem to be critical: digital technologies? We cannot be naïve in our approach. To start renew public debates and dare to dream big mocratic institutions work in the ecosystem on the role of evidence, truth and European Group on Ethics in Science and New tions have a key role to set frameworks and individuals personali- broader questions underlining the impact of we hoped the internet would bring, we can c) The Struggle for the Public Mind understanding what can be done we need to in creating alternative spaces with different 20th century trust in the public debate. The past decades Technologies and Executive Director of the procedures for this debate and the media play ty, into his or her Think of the Chinese digital technologies on society and on our also witness the worst sides of human nature: a) State Surveillance and the Limits to Today we are seeing a crisis of belief that is examine who is in control today: big platforms incentive structures that can address these have seen an increasing distrust towards Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and a crucial role. integrity. Michael system of citizens institutional set-up and why this is such an racism, bullying, hate speech, manipulation. Liberty Power relationships are today played out on eroding trust in the democratic system, its that are usually not based in Europe. We need issues. The impact of narratives and how to authority be it in political leaders, the media Social Sciences of Health (CERES) at the Kosinski and his appraisal currently PROFESSOR MARIA JOÃO existential question. It also aimed to draw a the internet and within the digital social institutions, the running of its economy and to build-up our democratic capacity to have a and experts, culminating in the now infamous University of Cologne, underlined that what Yet today we do not have the self-standing colleagues have being set-up throu- achieve meaningful citizen engagement will RODRIGUES clear parallel between these challenges and So, what is the link between digital technolo- Today the state – all states – have made networks. Digital technologies arrived on the the moral base of society. voice in the digital world. be discussed more at length below, in the Member of the European Parliament, words of Michael Gove “Britain has had we are witnessing today is not an era of pluralistic media landscape we knew before. proved that with very gh the collaboration the current crisis of liberal democracy, with gies, the arrival of the challenges of fake news, surveillance of their own people (and of com- stage with the hope of free expression and groups dedicated to Citizen Engagement and Vice-President of the S&D Group and enough of experts”. A trend mirrored in polls dwindling values, but a time when certain As the 3rd working paper of the ALLEA Wor- little data – that does of the state and big President of FEPS - European Foundation of particular focus on the current crisis in Europe. polarization, virtual manipulation and robots peting powers) the essence of their dominan- direct democracy, disintermediating the Anthony Gooch, Director of Public Affairs & The need for concreteness, as expressed by Narratives. Progressive Studies, Member of the Board of and surveys across the globe. values, necessary for democratic societies, king Group states “the social media world not even have to be companies where and the current European crisis? ce. What is new is the reach and power of Big control of media by governments and corpo- Communications at the Organisation for Commissioner Mariya Gabriel, was reiterated Re-Imagine Europa might be challenged. has come to epitomize a world where “opi- personal – one can an infraction in one “Communication has always been central in Data and the technological capacity to relate rations. Yet, free communication opens the Economic Co-operation and Development and a number of issues were underlined as What might a European Google look like? Truth, trust and expertise matter in every walk nion” is more profitable than “fact”, where use psychological area – say a parking defining the working of a society” President Democracy is the system of rules that aims at all this information. way to dissemination of all opinions and ideas (OECD), started off the debate by underlining necessary: more and better education; What would it be? Rodrigues pointed out the of life and play a pivotal role in any functioning This was in fact the topic of the Annual Collo- statements do better than logical argument persuasive commu- fine - can lead to Giscard d’Estaing underlined in his opening setting procedures of representation of in society. The internet is a mirror of who we the challenges in terms of loss of trust that this supporting quality journalism and content; use important work done at a European level on society. In fact, ALL European Academies quium on Fundamental Rights of the Euro- and where polarization prevails over common nication that is very ramifications in all address, then confirmed by Manuel Castells’ citizens in the political institutions while These practices of mass surveillance are a are. crisis of belief has created and the need to of new technologies in the fight against fake health and how this might point in the direc- set-up a Working Group on “Truth, Trust and pean Commission held in November 2018 – ground and common sense".In a world where effective.1 other areas of life. statement that “throughout history, power protecting citizens against the abuse of power fundamental threat to human rights and viola- rethink the way we communicate. Moving news; extending regulations and legislation; tion of what a European way for the digital Expertise”, chaired by Baroness O’Neill of “Democracy in the EU” – with the aim to identi- the main currency is clicks and likes, the main European history relationships are largely based on the control on the part of the state, as well as other sour- te the right to privacy enshrined in European At the same time, we are witnessing an increa- from a top-down communication ecosystem creation of a level playing field. might look like. Bengarve and Professor Ed Noort, aims to fy “avenues to foster free, open and healthy goal of most “communicators” is to reach as We are today in a has taught us repea- of information and communication”. When the ces of power, be it economic or cultural. law. sed use of new tech- to a horizontal, open communication system explore current and past dynamics of public democratic participation in an era of growing many clicks and likes as possible. The easiest world of algorith- tedly that people, internet was first launched, it was hailed as a nologies to manipu- requires organisations and institutions to The issues raised will be dealt more in detail “The battle for renewed democracy can only trust in expertise and contested norms of what low turn-out in elections, populism, digitization way to do this is to “pick an online fight” to mic, individualized, given certain situa- beacon of democratization and the upheaval Today we live in a digital society where infor- b) Commercializa- late public opinion radically change the way they communicate below, with special focus in the sections on be won if it is institutional, cultural and digital. constitutes truth, facts and evidence in scien- and threats to civil society”. ensure that the message goes viral; the psychological mass tions, can give up of hierarchical control over human communi- mation and communication operate on the tion of Communica- and spread disinfor- and engage people, in order to make it mea- Disinformation and Regulation, but it is clear This is part of Re-Imagine Europa and the tific research and beyond. obvious consequence is an aggressive com- manipulation, and their freedoms for cation; it was seen as a freedom-promoting basis of digital technologies. Thus, the discus- tion and the End of mation. Bots are ningful. that the European reason why it is so important to start this Woopen reminded us that lamenting the munication environment where each node is this is a deep threat to democracy. This power enhanced security and comfort. In the digital tool created by freedom-lovers across the sion on the threats to democracy, as well as Privacy making it easier for a Commission will and process of deliberation” Castells concluded. moral fall of a society has been going on fore- trying to pick fights with other nodes, resulting to change/manipulate behaviour is against age, totalitarian systems come in the guise of world. Today, the reality looks quite different on the promise of democracy, have to be variety of actors to As with the arrival of should have a pivotal ver and inscriptions from the Sumerian times, in increased polarisation and hatred online in a democracy and the problem cannot be solved service offers. from the original vision and, as stressed by placed in this digital context. Widespread survei- engineer virality and writing and printing, role to play in regula- five thousand years ago, testify to that. Yet, vicious circle that devalues scientific truth and by protection of personal data but by prohibi- O’Neill, we should be wary of the cyber-ro- llance is not the main it has been asserted so digital technolo- ting the internet there is no proof of dwindling values. What is correctness. tion of such algorithms and micro-targeting (in It is imperative to act forcibly now. Woopen mantics, look at reality as it is today and think Today 95% of information is digitized. Compa- source of the demise that AI and gies will require us to while being careful important is to understand whether and how fields to be defined) and in setting-up and stressed the importance of working now to of Tim Berners Lee recent statement: “The red with a global population of 7.6 billion of privacy; it is not PSYCH-OPS are so rethink the way we not to suppress values, that are crucial for a flourishing demo- Anyone can send out an opinion without 2.- The Value of Privacy reshaping the roles of who is responsible for set-up new institutions and foster a system web has failed instead of serving humanity”. people, there are 7 billion unique users just “big brother” but effective they can organise our infor- internet freedom and cratic society, can possibly be touched by having to look the opponent in the eye or what. Our current institutions are not enough. based on our values to ensure that we hold Today we are forced connected to devi- “little sisters” – mea- influence whole mation ecosystem, other values. The what often is referred to as revolutionary or stand-up for their opinion. People might be Privacy – or the lack thereof in today’s big-da- 3.- The Value of Human Dignity on to those freedoms and rights that our fore- to look at digital ces. Today we are all ning all the compa- elections (Cambrid- the rules and regula- European Commis- disruptive effects of data, algorithms and artifi- driven emotionally, but rational arguments are ta world – is a constant topic of discussion fathers have fought so hard for. technologies with a connected. nies that dispose of ge Analytica). tions that secures sion is today seen as cial intelligence (AI). indispensable to build a constructive debate, when talking about the impact of digital tech- This is the most fundamental value for all Opening the debate, O’Neill underlined three pragmatic eye and our information Psychological targe- rights and responsi- the most sophistica- which is absolutely crucial and fundamental nologies on society. The General Data Protec- society and is rooted in a legal system that characteristics that prefigured the current realise that, as any This however creates including insurance companies, financial com- ting works as an effective approach to digital bilities and develop ted regulatory body 1.- The Value of Public Discourse in the for a living democracy. What happens in tion Regulation (GDPR) has done a lot to protects the freedom of individuals – who crises: technology, it is a paradoxical situa- panies, credit companies, internet communi- mass persuasion, AI has also been called into a system that can maximise the opportunities in the world and needs to play a key role in Pluralistic Society online forums and on social networks is that a address this issue but it is not enough to have dignity and not a price – and limits state neither good nor bad. tion leading to an cation companies, social networking compa- question in profiling exhibiting racial and provided by these new technologies. As addressing the most pressing issues outlined person radicalizes himself or herself as there protect privacy. It provides great increasing control of nies, e-commerce companies and the like. gender biases, deep fakes are getting more Professor Maria João Rodrigues, Member of above. Therefore “Democracy in a Digital Freedom of opinion and speech are seen as is no counterpart or by the monotony of being opportunities as well information whilst we We have effectively transformed our and more sophisticated raising a number of the European Parliament, Vice-President of society” should become a key priority for the obvious in western democratic societies. surrounded by similar thinking (echo cham- In the past, it was sufficient to restrict access to as challenges. are seeing a decrea- economy into Data Capitalism. challenges for addressing the problem of fake the S&D Group and President of FEPS - Euro- next European mandate, as reiterated by People are allowed their individual views and ber). But how is this different from before? data to protect privacy. Nowadays we face a Following a wave of sing monopoly of news. pean Foundation of Progressive Studies President Giscard d’Estaing. hierarchy of values which will be different from further paradigmatic development when cyber romanticism, mass communica- The feeling of vulnerability towards agencies underlined, we are dealing with a new reality, that of other people. So what is the function of Two key things: having to relativize data scarcity and minimi- we are today having our “Lord of the Flies tion. In fact, it is precisely because we are and companies is increasing distrust. People The result of the above is that the traditional that will require us to re-imagine our way of But this is not enough if we want to save our public discourse where people have diverging - The scaling effect; zation in order to focus on the use of data. Moment” realising that the internet, constitu- decentralized, because there are multiple will continue using their services, but it is deliberation process of democratic societies doing things. democratic systems. What we need to see visions? Conflict is inevitable. - The aggressive and difficult advertise- Instead of trying to restrict access to data – ting 95% of global information, is the best networks of communication where everybody important to note that this has become the has become obsolete, amplifying the crisis of happening is active participation at the heart Everyone has the right to stand-up for his ment-driven business models that most people are happy to give freely – we

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 16

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a meaningful way.

If they are to build a stronger relationship with the citizen, they need to start using these tools for real engagement and participation as opposed to just for dissemination and PR purposes.

PAG 17

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a meaningful way.

If they are to build a stronger relationship with the citizen, they need to start using these tools for real engagement and participation as opposed to just for dissemination and PR purposes.

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 18

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a meaningful way.

If they are to build a stronger relationship with the citizen, they need to start using these tools for real engagement and participation as opposed to just for dissemination and PR purposes.

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 19

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a meaningful way.

If they are to build a stronger relationship with the citizen, they need to start using these tools for real engagement and participation as opposed to just for dissemination and PR purposes.

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 20

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a meaningful way.

If they are to build a stronger relationship with the citizen, they need to start using these tools for real engagement and participation as opposed to just for dissemination and PR purposes.

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a meaningful way.

If they are to build a stronger relationship with the citizen, they need to start using these tools for real engagement and participation as opposed to just for dissemination and PR purposes.

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 21

with customised information. supporting media freedom and independen- Representations in the Member States and sharing, a real knowledge community with ce. It improves the EU's capacity to forecast, on social media by drawing on the expertise expertise on the different facets of disinfor- While this environment makes it easier for address and raise awareness about disinfor- of its Network against Disinformation, a mation is needed, drawing insights from citizens to interact and express their political mation activities. The Commission has group of Commission mythbusters, data research and Décodeurs de l'Europe - an views, thus contributing to the healthy func- tackled disinformation from the legislative, analysis from social media and insights from initiative academia, fact-checkers, online by tioning of democratic societies, it also allows security and communication perspective. In behavioural science. The Commission provi- the Commission Representation platforms, the rapid spread of harmful disinformation the last year, the Commission has underlined des factual and accurate information on its technology experts and in Paris international that seeks to disrupt democratic processes. the importance of securing free and fair policies and political priorities as well as partners. The Commission is ready to link up Evidence shows that foreign state actors are European elections. It has encouraged rebutting any disinformation that seeks to the expertise of its Network against Disinfor- also increasingly deploying disinformation leading platforms to sign up to a code of mislead European citizens as regards the EU. mation with the rapid alert system and provi- strategies to influence societal debates, practice against disinformation and put In Member States, Commission Representa- de a hub for EU policy related content to create divisions and interfere in democratic forward an action plan with proposals for a tions also play a part in mythbusting setting counter disinformation. decision-making. coordinated EU response to the challenge of the record straight on the most persistent disinformation. The platforms must now take and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. The Commission intends to facilitate the The Commission defines disinformation as their fair share of responsibility for ensuring creation of a European multidisciplinary 'verifiably false or misleading information free and unbiased speech in Europe. In Member States, Commission Representa- community to foster cooperation between all that is created, presented and disseminated tions also play a part in mythbusting setting involved, in particular independent for economic gain or to intentionally deceive The Action Plan focuses on four areas to the record straight on the most persistent fact-checkers and academic researchers the public, and may cause public harm. The build up EU and Member State capabilities and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. involved in the fight against disinformation. aim of disinformation is to distract and divide, and strengthen cooperation: In the rapidly evolving world of disinforma- To this end, the Commission plans to establi- to plant seeds of doubt by distorting and tion, institutions need to continue efforts to sh a European Platform on Disinformation. falsifying facts, thus confusing people and 1) improving detection, analysis and exposu- adapt very quickly, not only to changing The Platform will scale up collaboration weakening their faith in institutions and esta- re of disinformation; political circumstances, but also to the chan- between fact-checkers and academic blished political processes. It is our common ging technological landscape. The use of researchers in order to ensure full coverage duty to defend the core value of freedom of 2) building stronger cooperation and joint 'bots' (online robots that perform repetitive of the Union territory and facilitate the expression and to protect European citizens response through a new rapid alert system; tasks based on algorithms) in communication build-up and interconnection of relevant from disinformation. This calls for three-fold is already a reality. In the near future, artificial national organisations, including national action - effective policy measures to regulate 3) engaging with online platforms and indus- intelligence will also be increasingly used to disinformation centres. online content and service providers, innova- try, as per the code of practice signed by carry out communication activities. The EU tive communication to build resilience online platforms, leading social networks, institutions and Member States need to against disinformation, and the continued advertisers and industry; and continue efforts to adapt to and get ahead of defence of media freedom and pluralism. this new reality. Education systems can play a 4) raising awareness and empowering part here: The Digital Education Action Plan Over the past five years, the EU has streng- citizens through targeted campaigns and could encourage more specialist training in thened its efforts to tackle disinformation. dedicated programmes promoting media artificial intelligence. Following March 2015 European Council literacy at European and national level. conclusions, the East StratCom Task Force In order to continue fighting the increasing was set up in the European External Action Crucially, the fight against disinformation flow of disinformation, Member States and Service (EEAS). Together with the Commis- requires a constant outflow of fact-based institutions need to team up to build on exis- sion and EU delegations in non-EU countries, messaging that helps citizens to distinguish ting synergies and pool resources. Together, the Task Force communicates about Union reality from falsehood. The Commission Member States and EU institutions need to policies in eastern neighbourhood countries, responds to disinformation directly via its make sure that the new rapid alert system is strengthening the media environment and Spokesperson's Service, the Commission fully exploited. Going beyond information The afternoon debate was dedicated to Role of Values opinion and try to convince the other, ideally should focus on what is allowed to be done power to interfere in the lives of its citizen. In a exploring more in depth the implications of by argument and not by manipulation. In a with data. What is worrying is the algori- digital age, it is so important to limit survei- the paradigm shift of the communication Professor Christiane Woopen, Chair of the democratic society, legal and social institu- thm-driven possibility to deeply intrude in the llance and the appraisal that is based on it. ecosystem on the role of evidence, truth and European Group on Ethics in Science and New tions have a key role to set frameworks and individuals personali- trust in the public debate. The past decades Technologies and Executive Director of the procedures for this debate and the media play ty, into his or her Think of the Chinese have seen an increasing distrust towards Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and a crucial role. integrity. Michael system of citizens authority be it in political leaders, the media Social Sciences of Health (CERES) at the Kosinski and his appraisal currently and experts, culminating in the now infamous University of Cologne, underlined that what Yet today we do not have the self-standing colleagues have being set-up throu- words of Michael Gove “Britain has had we are witnessing today is not an era of pluralistic media landscape we knew before. proved that with very gh the collaboration enough of experts”. A trend mirrored in polls dwindling values, but a time when certain As the 3rd working paper of the ALLEA Wor- little data – that does of the state and big and surveys across the globe. values, necessary for democratic societies, king Group states “the social media world not even have to be companies where might be challenged. has come to epitomize a world where “opi- personal – one can an infraction in one Truth, trust and expertise matter in every walk nion” is more profitable than “fact”, where use psychological area – say a parking of life and play a pivotal role in any functioning This was in fact the topic of the Annual Collo- statements do better than logical argument persuasive commu- fine - can lead to society. In fact, ALL European Academies quium on Fundamental Rights of the Euro- and where polarization prevails over common nication that is very ramifications in all set-up a Working Group on “Truth, Trust and pean Commission held in November 2018 – ground and common sense".In a world where effective.1 other areas of life. Expertise”, chaired by Baroness O’Neill of “Democracy in the EU” – with the aim to identi- the main currency is clicks and likes, the main European history Bengarve and Professor Ed Noort, aims to fy “avenues to foster free, open and healthy goal of most “communicators” is to reach as We are today in a has taught us repea- explore current and past dynamics of public democratic participation in an era of growing many clicks and likes as possible. The easiest world of algorith- tedly that people, trust in expertise and contested norms of what low turn-out in elections, populism, digitization way to do this is to “pick an online fight” to mic, individualized, given certain situa- constitutes truth, facts and evidence in scien- and threats to civil society”. ensure that the message goes viral; the psychological mass tions, can give up tific research and beyond. obvious consequence is an aggressive com- manipulation, and their freedoms for Woopen reminded us that lamenting the munication environment where each node is this is a deep threat to democracy. This power enhanced security and comfort. In the digital moral fall of a society has been going on fore- trying to pick fights with other nodes, resulting to change/manipulate behaviour is against age, totalitarian systems come in the guise of ver and inscriptions from the Sumerian times, in increased polarisation and hatred online in a democracy and the problem cannot be solved service offers. five thousand years ago, testify to that. Yet, vicious circle that devalues scientific truth and by protection of personal data but by prohibi- there is no proof of dwindling values. What is correctness. tion of such algorithms and micro-targeting (in It is imperative to act forcibly now. Woopen important is to understand whether and how fields to be defined) and in setting-up and stressed the importance of working now to values, that are crucial for a flourishing demo- Anyone can send out an opinion without 2.- The Value of Privacy reshaping the roles of who is responsible for set-up new institutions and foster a system cratic society, can possibly be touched by having to look the opponent in the eye or what. Our current institutions are not enough. based on our values to ensure that we hold what often is referred to as revolutionary or stand-up for their opinion. People might be Privacy – or the lack thereof in today’s big-da- 3.- The Value of Human Dignity on to those freedoms and rights that our fore- disruptive effects of data, algorithms and artifi- driven emotionally, but rational arguments are ta world – is a constant topic of discussion fathers have fought so hard for. cial intelligence (AI). indispensable to build a constructive debate, when talking about the impact of digital tech- This is the most fundamental value for all Opening the debate, O’Neill underlined three which is absolutely crucial and fundamental nologies on society. The General Data Protec- society and is rooted in a legal system that characteristics that prefigured the current 1.- The Value of Public Discourse in the for a living democracy. What happens in tion Regulation (GDPR) has done a lot to protects the freedom of individuals – who crises: Pluralistic Society online forums and on social networks is that a address this issue but it is not enough to have dignity and not a price – and limits state person radicalizes himself or herself as there protect privacy. Freedom of opinion and speech are seen as is no counterpart or by the monotony of being obvious in western democratic societies. surrounded by similar thinking (echo cham- In the past, it was sufficient to restrict access to People are allowed their individual views and ber). But how is this different from before? data to protect privacy. Nowadays we face a hierarchy of values which will be different from further paradigmatic development when that of other people. So what is the function of Two key things: having to relativize data scarcity and minimi- public discourse where people have diverging - The scaling effect; zation in order to focus on the use of data. visions? Conflict is inevitable. - The aggressive and difficult advertise- Instead of trying to restrict access to data – Everyone has the right to stand-up for his ment-driven business models that most people are happy to give freely – we

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a meaningful way. Political actors are not using these new technologies enough. If they are to build a stronger relationship with We are not engaging citizens the citizen, they need to start using these tools enough. We need to change the for real engagement and participation as way we relate to citizens and this opposed to just for dissemination and PR will enable meaningful interac- purposes. tion between the political system and the public. If we do not ﬁll this space, it will be– as is – occupied but other actors.

LAMBERT VAN NISTELROOIJ Member of the European Parliament and Member of the European Internet Forum

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 22

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a meaningful way.

If they are to build a stronger relationship with the citizen, they need to start using these tools for real engagement and participation as opposed to just for dissemination and PR purposes.

a) The conflation of the idea that there is a Professor Žiga Turk for the University of Ljubl- culture for handling information with the jana. PART 3 fantasy that there is a culture for communication. Diverging opinions came to the fore but there were several areas of agreement: FOCUS GROUPS Communication does not ignore the recipient whilst many forms of information dissemina- 1.- The potential danger and vulnerability of tion do ignore the recipient. our democratic systems faced with this new setting – in particular in relation to the number b) The conflation of the notion of freedom of of “external actors” using these new technolo- speech with that of freedom of expression. gies to manipulate audiences for the benefit We give primacy to the speaker and ignore of third parties the recipient. 2- The importance of the media and of looking c) Culture of control at the existing business models deserves a This new communication landscape enables particular mention. Our current system does new powers to control communication not “value” facts and evidence but runs on a allowing tech-companies deep influence on currency based on “attention” influencing the In the afternoon we had the opportunity to break-out politics, on economics and on individual whole structure and priority of public into smaller groups to discuss four sub-topics impli- attitudes. discourse. cated in the broader questions. Each discussion was A very vivid discussion followed, chaired by 3- The need to start using existing tools – such kick-started by impulse statements by key partici- Fighting disinformation while defending interacting. Online platforms connect Professor Ed Noort, Co-Chair of the ALLEA as anti-trust legislation and competition law – media freedom and pluralism is fundamental citizens, enable them to create content and pants. The groups were asked to come-up a few sug- to protect European democracy. The rapid break down geographic and societal barriers. Working Group Truth, Trust and Expertise and to increase transparency of on-line adverti- gestions of what they would recommend in the with the participation of Lambert van Nistel- sing (Ad Tech). development of digital technologies has not Online platforms have become powerful rooij, Member of the European Parliament and short-term to address these broader questions. only changed the way that citizens consume information gateways, where thegatekeepers Member of the European Internet Forum, and 4- Existing institutions as well as politicians Below we report an overview of the very rich discus- news, but also transformed their ways of have financial interests in servicing the users sions and the key points brought forward by each group.

PAG 23

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a into consideration while implementing the EU. It’s urgent to refocus on the narrative of bring the new technologies to the center of few comments were made with a focus on meaningful way. welfare of citizens. Gooch concluded that digital as a tool for society and stop endorsing our equation. how to deal with an urgent problem, the technology can bring many improvements, a technocratic vision: the present technologi- management of which requires immediate If they are to build a stronger relationship with Digital Solutions in a even coming from unexpected points of view: cal leap can be also seen as the tail of the There’s no dichotomy between direct and responses, while new narratives and approa- the citizen, they need to start using these tools we should not be dogmatic in any approach, cultural revolution that began in the 1960s. representative democracy, Monterde underli- ches take time to develop. Most of partici- for real engagement and participation as Disenchanted Age and remaining open to new solutions without ned; the problem is the absence of measures pants agreed that, as a short-term action, it’s opposed to just for dissemination and PR throwing away what is good in more traditional to integrate these two resources. With a few better to use basic elements which are purposes. Empowering Citizens in forms of delegation of administrative power. exceptions, no government has so far done already known and thus acceptable to anyone anything of impact to fit the requests of those than to start reinventing standards of demo- Elisabeth Ardaillon-Poirier, Senior Policy who ask for direct involvement in administrati- cracy, focusing on acting over a broader pers- the Digital Age Adviser, European Political Strategy Centre of ve decisions of representative systems. What pective only after dealing with immediate the EC spoke about the important priority of was done for the citizens of Barcelona is a problems. putting people in first place and exhibiting platform designed to be employed, copied every single voice matters. She mentioned and modified by everyone, using an open CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT among several initiatives the Citizen's Dialo- source model to ensure that citizens' money gues: every EU Commissioner was mandated that was used for development was properly to be politically active in the debate with valorized in a publicly useful way. citizens. In February 2018 the target of 1000 “open” The project has led to the development of a a) The conflation of the idea that there is a Professor Žiga Turk for the University of Ljubl- dialogues was reached and now there are community built around it through the integra- culture for handling information with the jana. more than 1600. The European Commission tion of contemporary online and offline partici- fantasy that there is a culture for communica- The communication tools and structures avai- Economic Co-operation and Development has focused on reaching out on different pation from citizens. The project, which has tion. Diverging opinions came to the fore but there lable to society have always played a key role (OECD), opened up the discussion by underli- ways: setting an online panel and managing now been freely adopted in many different were several areas of agreement: in how societies organise, mobilise and cons- ning the need for institutions to radically an online consultation and also partnering While representative democracy has to context all around the world (Mexico City is a Communication does not ignore the recipient truct their reality. Digital technologies therefo- change approach both in methodology and with all other Institutions and Member States remain the pillar of the Union and of the single bold example), demonstrates there’s room to whilst many forms of information dissemina- 1.- The potential danger and vulnerability of re provide an enormous opportunity for citizen content when it comes to citizen engagement. that wanted to take part in order to strengthen member states, every viable solution that build public alternatives to private new media tion do ignore the recipient. our democratic systems faced with this new engagement and horizontal collaboration. This Reiterating points made during the morning the debate on the future of EU. As commen- brings citizens closer to the institutions and companies. This is most important to guaran- setting – in particular in relation to the number session, chaired by MEP Brando Benifei conversation, Gooch underlined the need for dable it is, most participants seemed to com- their representatives is surely welcome. tee the objectivity and independence that in b) The conflation of the notion of freedom of of “external actors” using these new technolo- explored the challenges and opportunities as institutions to focus more on the emotional ment about the fact that much more needs to different contexts, which are interested in speech with that of freedom of expression. gies to manipulate audiences for the benefit well as possible steps to be implemented at a side of issues as opposed to the rational part, be done. Arnau Monterde, associate professor at the profits and business development, can’t We give primacy to the speaker and ignore of third parties European level in order to ensure that meanin- as this is much more important in shaping Open University of Catalunya, presented an obviously be claimed. the recipient. gful networks and contributions can be mobi- opinion. The gilets jaunes movement, for Maria Grazia Mattei, Founder and President at important project he developed, in collabora- 2- The importance of the media and of looking lised in the future. The impact of digital tech- instance, was brought-up as an interesting MEET | Fondazione Cariplo, the Italian Centre tion with professor Manuel Castells, for the Monterde’s conclusion is that, apart from the c) Culture of control at the existing business models deserves a nologies on society, both in creating social example, something unprecedented in our for Digital Culture, presented to the audience municipality of Barcelona. During the five crucial integration of representative democra- This new communication landscape enables particular mention. Our current system does movements as well as relating citizens to new digital society and more similar to social some of the efforts that were made by Fonda- years from 2013-18, according to Forbes the cy and direct democracy, anti-trust and com- new powers to control communication not “value” facts and evidence but runs on a patterns of communication was also discus- aggregation of the 1970s (or to 1980s hooliga- zione Cariplo, mainly through the branch she most publicly traded companies shifted from petition authorities should be rapidly imple- allowing tech-companies deep influence on currency based on “attention” influencing the sed. Social networks have a strong effect on nism, he threw in as a joke). The movement founded and presides, to develop research on traditional companies (such as BP, Exxon-Mo- mented also for new media companies as politics, on economics and on individual whole structure and priority of public political agency and can be both a tool of started from simple tummy needs in the part the potential of new media in developing bil) to new media and technology (Facebook, they are for traditional businesses. Scientists attitudes. discourse. empowerment as well as manipulation, as of the population most affected by the 2000s citizens' empowerment. On this path MEET | Google, etc.): in such a rapidly changing and government administrators will obviously Fighting disinformation while defending interacting. Online platforms connect A very vivid discussion followed, chaired by 3- The need to start using existing tools – such recent events have shown. What can concrete crisis. When measuring material well-being, Fondazione Cariplo has launched the Citizen scenario it’s hard to avoid risks that are difficult learn how to communicate better and over media freedom and pluralism is fundamental citizens, enable them to create content and Professor Ed Noort, Co-Chair of the ALLEA as anti-trust legislation and competition law – examples from across Europe teach us about things get personal very quickly, underlining Data Lab, which investigates if and how big to predict as those posed by fake news and time narration will develop on new bases, to protect European democracy. The rapid break down geographic and societal barriers. Working Group Truth, Trust and Expertise and to increase transparency of on-line adverti- these issues? the need for objective data to be crossed with data and technology can be useful for citizens disinformation exploitation. Democracy is which will be built in a way comparable to development of digital technologies has not Online platforms have become powerful with the participation of Lambert van Nistel- sing (Ad Tech). individual, subjective feelings and needs in and the sectors in which they can be co-ac- strictly related to rights as well as to strikes those of the web 2.0 media environment. only changed the way that citizens consume information gateways, where thegatekeepers rooij, Member of the European Parliament and Anthony Gooch, Director of Public Affairs & order to obtain a detailed scenario of people’s tors of this process. As most of the citizens and conflicts, so if we are to improve demo- news, but also transformed their ways of have financial interests in servicing the users Member of the European Internet Forum, and 4- Existing institutions as well as politicians Communications at the Organisation for real priorities, and the latter needs to be taken clearly feel much more is to be expected from cracy in Europe we must understand it and Since time for the session was running out,

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 24

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a into consideration while implementing the EU. It’s urgent to refocus on the narrative of bring the new technologies to the center of few comments were made with a focus on meaningful way. welfare of citizens. Gooch concluded that digital as a tool for society and stop endorsing our equation. how to deal with an urgent problem, the technology can bring many improvements, a technocratic vision: the present technologi- management of which requires immediate If they are to build a stronger relationship with even coming from unexpected points of view: cal leap can be also seen as the tail of the There’s no dichotomy between direct and responses, while new narratives and approa- the citizen, they need to start using these tools we should not be dogmatic in any approach, cultural revolution that began in the 1960s. representative democracy, Monterde underli- ches take time to develop. Most of partici- for real engagement and participation as remaining open to new solutions without ned; the problem is the absence of measures pants agreed that, as a short-term action, it’s opposed to just for dissemination and PR throwing away what is good in more traditional to integrate these two resources. With a few better to use basic elements which are purposes. forms of delegation of administrative power. exceptions, no government has so far done already known and thus acceptable to anyone anything of impact to fit the requests of those than to start reinventing standards of demo- Elisabeth Ardaillon-Poirier, Senior Policy Digital is not a technology, but the who ask for direct involvement in administrati- cracy, focusing on acting over a broader pers- Adviser, European Political Strategy Centre of new "genetic code" of reality ve decisions of representative systems. What pective only after dealing with immediate the EC spoke about the important priority of which triggers the way people was done for the citizens of Barcelona is a problems. putting people in first place and exhibiting live and interact. What citizens platform designed to be employed, copied every single voice matters. She mentioned need is not only a technology lite- and modified by everyone, using an open among several initiatives the Citizen's Dialo- racy, but an urgent dissemination source model to ensure that citizens' money gues: every EU Commissioner was mandated of digital culture. that was used for development was properly to be politically active in the debate with valorized in a publicly useful way. citizens. MARIA GRAZIA MATTEI In February 2018 the target of 1000 “open” Founder and President at MEET | Fondazio- The project has led to the development of a a) The conflation of the idea that there is a Professor Žiga Turk for the University of Ljubl- dialogues was reached and now there are ne Cariplo, the Italian Centre for Digital community built around it through the integra- Culture culture for handling information with the jana. more than 1600. The European Commission tion of contemporary online and offline partici- fantasy that there is a culture for communica- The communication tools and structures avai- Economic Co-operation and Development has focused on reaching out on different pation from citizens. The project, which has tion. Diverging opinions came to the fore but there lable to society have always played a key role (OECD), opened up the discussion by underli- ways: setting an online panel and managing now been freely adopted in many different were several areas of agreement: in how societies organise, mobilise and cons- ning the need for institutions to radically an online consultation and also partnering While representative democracy has to context all around the world (Mexico City is a Communication does not ignore the recipient truct their reality. Digital technologies therefo- change approach both in methodology and with all other Institutions and Member States remain the pillar of the Union and of the single bold example), demonstrates there’s room to whilst many forms of information dissemina- 1.- The potential danger and vulnerability of re provide an enormous opportunity for citizen content when it comes to citizen engagement. that wanted to take part in order to strengthen member states, every viable solution that build public alternatives to private new media tion do ignore the recipient. our democratic systems faced with this new engagement and horizontal collaboration. This Reiterating points made during the morning the debate on the future of EU. As commen- brings citizens closer to the institutions and companies. This is most important to guaran- setting – in particular in relation to the number session, chaired by MEP Brando Benifei conversation, Gooch underlined the need for dable it is, most participants seemed to com- their representatives is surely welcome. tee the objectivity and independence that in b) The conflation of the notion of freedom of of “external actors” using these new technolo- explored the challenges and opportunities as institutions to focus more on the emotional ment about the fact that much more needs to different contexts, which are interested in speech with that of freedom of expression. gies to manipulate audiences for the benefit well as possible steps to be implemented at a side of issues as opposed to the rational part, be done. Arnau Monterde, associate professor at the profits and business development, can’t We give primacy to the speaker and ignore of third parties European level in order to ensure that meanin- as this is much more important in shaping Open University of Catalunya, presented an obviously be claimed. the recipient. gful networks and contributions can be mobi- opinion. The gilets jaunes movement, for Maria Grazia Mattei, Founder and President at important project he developed, in collabora- 2- The importance of the media and of looking lised in the future. The impact of digital tech- instance, was brought-up as an interesting MEET | Fondazione Cariplo, the Italian Centre tion with professor Manuel Castells, for the Monterde’s conclusion is that, apart from the c) Culture of control at the existing business models deserves a nologies on society, both in creating social example, something unprecedented in our for Digital Culture, presented to the audience municipality of Barcelona. During the five crucial integration of representative democra- This new communication landscape enables particular mention. Our current system does movements as well as relating citizens to new digital society and more similar to social some of the efforts that were made by Fonda- years from 2013-18, according to Forbes the cy and direct democracy, anti-trust and com- new powers to control communication not “value” facts and evidence but runs on a patterns of communication was also discus- aggregation of the 1970s (or to 1980s hooliga- zione Cariplo, mainly through the branch she most publicly traded companies shifted from petition authorities should be rapidly imple- allowing tech-companies deep influence on currency based on “attention” influencing the sed. Social networks have a strong effect on nism, he threw in as a joke). The movement founded and presides, to develop research on traditional companies (such as BP, Exxon-Mo- mented also for new media companies as politics, on economics and on individual whole structure and priority of public political agency and can be both a tool of started from simple tummy needs in the part the potential of new media in developing bil) to new media and technology (Facebook, they are for traditional businesses. Scientists attitudes. discourse. empowerment as well as manipulation, as of the population most affected by the 2000s citizens' empowerment. On this path MEET | Google, etc.): in such a rapidly changing and government administrators will obviously A very vivid discussion followed, chaired by 3- The need to start using existing tools – such recent events have shown. What can concrete crisis. When measuring material well-being, Fondazione Cariplo has launched the Citizen scenario it’s hard to avoid risks that are difficult learn how to communicate better and over Fighting disinformation while defending interacting. Online platforms connect Professor Ed Noort, Co-Chair of the ALLEA as anti-trust legislation and competition law – examples from across Europe teach us about things get personal very quickly, underlining Data Lab, which investigates if and how big to predict as those posed by fake news and time narration will develop on new bases, media freedom and pluralism is fundamental citizens, enable them to create content and Working Group Truth, Trust and Expertise and to increase transparency of on-line adverti- these issues? the need for objective data to be crossed with data and technology can be useful for citizens disinformation exploitation. Democracy is which will be built in a way comparable to to protect European democracy. The rapid break down geographic and societal barriers. with the participation of Lambert van Nistel- sing (Ad Tech). individual, subjective feelings and needs in and the sectors in which they can be co-ac- strictly related to rights as well as to strikes those of the web 2.0 media environment. development of digital technologies has not Online platforms have become powerful only changed the way that citizens consume information gateways, where thegatekeepers rooij, Member of the European Parliament and Anthony Gooch, Director of Public Affairs & order to obtain a detailed scenario of people’s tors of this process. As most of the citizens and conflicts, so if we are to improve demo- news, but also transformed their ways of have financial interests in servicing the users Member of the European Internet Forum, and 4- Existing institutions as well as politicians Communications at the Organisation for real priorities, and the latter needs to be taken clearly feel much more is to be expected from cracy in Europe we must understand it and Since time for the session was running out,

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 25

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a into consideration while implementing the EU. It’s urgent to refocus on the narrative of bring the new technologies to the center of few comments were made with a focus on meaningful way. welfare of citizens. Gooch concluded that digital as a tool for society and stop endorsing our equation. how to deal with an urgent problem, the technology can bring many improvements, a technocratic vision: the present technologi- management of which requires immediate If they are to build a stronger relationship with even coming from unexpected points of view: cal leap can be also seen as the tail of the There’s no dichotomy between direct and responses, while new narratives and approa- the citizen, they need to start using these tools we should not be dogmatic in any approach, cultural revolution that began in the 1960s. representative democracy, Monterde underli- ches take time to develop. Most of partici- for real engagement and participation as remaining open to new solutions without ned; the problem is the absence of measures pants agreed that, as a short-term action, it’s opposed to just for dissemination and PR throwing away what is good in more traditional to integrate these two resources. With a few better to use basic elements which are purposes. forms of delegation of administrative power. exceptions, no government has so far done already known and thus acceptable to anyone anything of impact to fit the requests of those than to start reinventing standards of demo- Elisabeth Ardaillon-Poirier, Senior Policy who ask for direct involvement in administrati- cracy, focusing on acting over a broader pers- Adviser, European Political Strategy Centre of ve decisions of representative systems. What pective only after dealing with immediate the EC spoke about the important priority of was done for the citizens of Barcelona is a problems. putting people in first place and exhibiting platform designed to be employed, copied every single voice matters. She mentioned and modified by everyone, using an open among several initiatives the Citizen's Dialo- source model to ensure that citizens' money gues: every EU Commissioner was mandated that was used for development was properly to be politically active in the debate with valorized in a publicly useful way. citizens. In February 2018 the target of 1000 “open” The project has led to the development of a a) The conflation of the idea that there is a Professor Žiga Turk for the University of Ljubl- dialogues was reached and now there are community built around it through the integra- culture for handling information with the jana. more than 1600. The European Commission tion of contemporary online and offline partici- fantasy that there is a culture for communica- The communication tools and structures avai- Economic Co-operation and Development has focused on reaching out on different pation from citizens. The project, which has tion. Diverging opinions came to the fore but there lable to society have always played a key role (OECD), opened up the discussion by underli- ways: setting an online panel and managing now been freely adopted in many different were several areas of agreement: in how societies organise, mobilise and cons- ning the need for institutions to radically an online consultation and also partnering While representative democracy has to context all around the world (Mexico City is a Communication does not ignore the recipient truct their reality. Digital technologies therefo- change approach both in methodology and with all other Institutions and Member States remain the pillar of the Union and of the single bold example), demonstrates there’s room to whilst many forms of information dissemina- 1.- The potential danger and vulnerability of re provide an enormous opportunity for citizen content when it comes to citizen engagement. that wanted to take part in order to strengthen member states, every viable solution that build public alternatives to private new media tion do ignore the recipient. our democratic systems faced with this new engagement and horizontal collaboration. This Reiterating points made during the morning the debate on the future of EU. As commen- brings citizens closer to the institutions and companies. This is most important to guaran- setting – in particular in relation to the number session, chaired by MEP Brando Benifei conversation, Gooch underlined the need for dable it is, most participants seemed to com- their representatives is surely welcome. tee the objectivity and independence that in Key takeaways: b) The conflation of the notion of freedom of of “external actors” using these new technolo- explored the challenges and opportunities as institutions to focus more on the emotional ment about the fact that much more needs to different contexts, which are interested in speech with that of freedom of expression. gies to manipulate audiences for the benefit well as possible steps to be implemented at a side of issues as opposed to the rational part, be done. profits and business development, can’t Arnau Monterde, associate professor at the · Time is an essential feature in develo- We give primacy to the speaker and ignore of third parties European level in order to ensure that meanin- as this is much more important in shaping Open University of Catalunya, presented an obviously be claimed. ping a sustainable citizen engagement the recipient. gful networks and contributions can be mobi- opinion. The gilets jaunes movement, for Maria Grazia Mattei, Founder and President at important project he developed, in collabora- approach and testing and experimenta- tion will be necessary to develop a 2- The importance of the media and of looking lised in the future. The impact of digital tech- instance, was brought-up as an interesting MEET | Fondazione Cariplo, the Italian Centre tion with professor Manuel Castells, for the Monterde’s conclusion is that, apart from the working model. To be able to do so c) Culture of control at the existing business models deserves a nologies on society, both in creating social example, something unprecedented in our for Digital Culture, presented to the audience municipality of Barcelona. During the five crucial integration of representative democra- successfully there needs to be a subs- This new communication landscape enables particular mention. Our current system does movements as well as relating citizens to new digital society and more similar to social some of the efforts that were made by Fonda- years from 2013-18, according to Forbes the cy and direct democracy, anti-trust and com- tantial increase in investment on these new powers to control communication not “value” facts and evidence but runs on a patterns of communication was also discus- aggregation of the 1970s (or to 1980s hooliga- zione Cariplo, mainly through the branch she most publicly traded companies shifted from petition authorities should be rapidly imple- types of digital infrastructure; allowing tech-companies deep influence on currency based on “attention” influencing the sed. Social networks have a strong effect on nism, he threw in as a joke). The movement founded and presides, to develop research on traditional companies (such as BP, Exxon-Mo- mented also for new media companies as · Ensure that “citizen engagement politics, on economics and on individual whole structure and priority of public political agency and can be both a tool of started from simple tummy needs in the part the potential of new media in developing bil) to new media and technology (Facebook, they are for traditional businesses. Scientists remains a key priority in Europe and is attitudes. discourse. empowerment as well as manipulation, as of the population most affected by the 2000s citizens' empowerment. On this path MEET | Google, etc.): in such a rapidly changing and government administrators will obviously reflected across the legislative and regulatory framework; Fighting disinformation while defending interacting. Online platforms connect A very vivid discussion followed, chaired by 3- The need to start using existing tools – such recent events have shown. What can concrete crisis. When measuring material well-being, Fondazione Cariplo has launched the Citizen scenario it’s hard to avoid risks that are difficult learn how to communicate better and over media freedom and pluralism is fundamental citizens, enable them to create content and Professor Ed Noort, Co-Chair of the ALLEA as anti-trust legislation and competition law – examples from across Europe teach us about things get personal very quickly, underlining Data Lab, which investigates if and how big to predict as those posed by fake news and time narration will develop on new bases, · Support attitude change within institu- to protect European democracy. The rapid break down geographic and societal barriers. Working Group Truth, Trust and Expertise and to increase transparency of on-line adverti- these issues? the need for objective data to be crossed with data and technology can be useful for citizens disinformation exploitation. Democracy is which will be built in a way comparable to tions to move from old way of top-down communication to a more “emotive” development of digital technologies has not Online platforms have become powerful with the participation of Lambert van Nistel- sing (Ad Tech). individual, subjective feelings and needs in and the sectors in which they can be co-ac- strictly related to rights as well as to strikes those of the web 2.0 media environment. and engaging horizontal dialogue. only changed the way that citizens consume information gateways, where thegatekeepers rooij, Member of the European Parliament and Anthony Gooch, Director of Public Affairs & order to obtain a detailed scenario of people’s tors of this process. As most of the citizens and conflicts, so if we are to improve demo- news, but also transformed their ways of have financial interests in servicing the users Member of the European Internet Forum, and 4- Existing institutions as well as politicians Communications at the Organisation for real priorities, and the latter needs to be taken clearly feel much more is to be expected from cracy in Europe we must understand it and Since time for the session was running out,

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 26

DISINFORMATION for our youth, but also for the older generation other aspects of disinformation should not be who have caught on to the social media trend neglected. Paul-Jasper Dittrich, Policy Fellow at the and can fall prey to online disinformation and Jacques Delors Institute Berlin concluded that unknowingly contribute to the spread of fake The elections in the US, Brazil, and in many most of the people attending agreed that Recent events underline the urgency to come rence: “Democracy in a digital world: sound news; a mechanism for fact-checking in order countries in Europe reveal that there are some form of regulation at the government up with creative new solutions on how to platforms and independent media”. Within to ensure that fake news are not being spread well-funded forces that are becoming more level is needed and desirable to curb the ensure a safe and transparent digital informa- the EU institutions, this could even lead to either by malicious or uninformed actors; and organised and institutionalised in order to amount of online disinformation. The challen- tion ecosystem. The communication ecosys- bundling several competences at the Com- strategies to increase the support for quality spread misinformation and fear-mongering ge is to still ensure freedom of speech and a) The conflation of the idea that there is a Professor Žiga Turk for the University of Ljubl- tem is a key tenant of our democratic system mission, and having a “Democracy & Media journalism. and in order to push people to vote in a way avoid censorship. culture for handling information with the jana. ensuring freedom of speech, access to relia- DG”, cooperating with others including DG that benefits their political aims. These forces fantasy that there is a culture for communica- ble and multi-faceted information and the COMP, EEAS, and of course the European Self-regulation is important, and should defini- are becoming global in nature, and they add a To educate the public and to debate how we tion. Diverging opinions came to the fore but there development of a socially shared narrative Parliament and Council” tely continue to be endorsed, but it is certainly new layer of complexity to tackling the want digital society to work, it is necessary to were several areas of agreement: that guides decision making. not enough to combat all the detrimental problem of online disinformation. The platfor- better understand how digital technologies Communication does not ignore the recipient effects of online disinformation. A common, ms in which they operate (Twitter, Facebook, impact society – complex processes and whilst many forms of information dissemina- 1.- The potential danger and vulnerability of Christophe Leclercq, founder of the EURAC- holistic approach with measurable goals that YouTube, WhatsApp, etc.) also have a global dynamics like opinion formation or making Avoid censorship; tion do ignore the recipient. our democratic systems faced with this new TIV media network, chaired this session and regulates not only how these platforms them- presence; we need to hold these platforms voting decisions. We can only fight disinfor- Dilute fake news; setting – in particular in relation to the number gave his own recommendation: “These issues selves operate, but also their relationship with accountable for their impact in disseminating mation or propaganda if we know more about Promote quality content. b) The conflation of the notion of freedom of of “external actors” using these new technolo- require urgent action if we are to save – and third-party businesses and what data from disinformation. The way in which these where it comes from, how it travels through speech with that of freedom of expression. gies to manipulate audiences for the benefit enhance – Europe’s democracies. If we wait their users they can and cannot provide to networks operate remains quite unregulated . social networks and what drives its dissemina- We give primacy to the speaker and ignore of third parties for a long directive drafting and decision CHRISTOPHE LECLERCQ, them. Understanding better what the For example, the guidelines for Twitter to tion. Executive Chairman at Fondation EURACTIV the recipient. making, we will be confronted with faster platform’s algorithms seek to achieve and determine how they ban a user (see the case 2- The importance of the media and of looking national initiatives, not always in line with free- how they work (this does not mean they of Alex Jones getting banned from Twitter) In the current situation, social media platforms c) Culture of control at the existing business models deserves a dom of expression and press freedom. And it should reveal the coding itself, which could remains quite arbitrary, and not enforced in all continue to limit the access that researchers This new communication landscape enables particular mention. Our current system does is not just about principles, but about the Nicola Frank, Head of European Affairs of the remain classified information) would also be cases. Platforms need to become more trans- have to data about public communication on new powers to control communication not “value” facts and evidence but runs on a economics of the overall ecosystem of European Broadcasting Union, gave the first helpful. Transparency must be enhanced as parent, and their guidelines need to be made these platforms. This creates a situation, in allowing tech-companies deep influence on currency based on “attention” influencing the media/platforms advertising. Also based on impulse statement pointing out that online well. For instance, when you ask ‘Siri’ or ‘Alexa’ aware to all users and be of public access. which only Facebook, Google or Twitter can politics, on economics and on individual whole structure and priority of public an event yesterday in Brussels by Fondation news and social media platforms today have a question, they provide an immediate answer, analyse key questions, e.g. the geographic attitudes. discourse. EURACTIV, I hear growing support from MEPs an increasingly large amount of power on a but you do not know where this information is Professor Žiga Turk took what it seemed like origin of accounts and postings. Social media A very vivid discussion followed, chaired by 3- The need to start using existing tools – such and media stakeholder for having this as a global scale: a growing number of the popula- coming from. Sources of information need to a more liberal approach arguing that free platforms claim that they are all about sharing, Fighting disinformation while defending interacting. Online platforms connect Professor Ed Noort, Co-Chair of the ALLEA as anti-trust legislation and competition law – high priority for the next mandate, comple- tion now access their news exclusively throu- be disclosed, also in order to be more mindful speech rights also give people the right to but they are not sharing their data (our data media freedom and pluralism is fundamental citizens, enable them to create content and Working Group Truth, Trust and Expertise and to increase transparency of on-line adverti- menting the current “Digital Single Market” gh these platforms and more traditional chan- of potential biases. fake news. Governments should not interfere anyway) with society. As a result, science and to protect European democracy. The rapid break down geographic and societal barriers. with the participation of Lambert van Nistel- sing (Ad Tech). and the expected copyright directive. One nels are becoming obsolete. One of the big with exchange of information and promote society´s capacities are limited in producing development of digital technologies has not Online platforms have become powerful rooij, Member of the European Parliament and possible formulation for a “top 10” priority problems with these modern online platforms Our European values cannot be sacrificed in what they consider "truth". This created signifi- evidence and creating expertise, because one only changed the way that citizens consume information gateways, where thegatekeepers Member of the European Internet Forum, and 4- Existing institutions as well as politicians could be close to the title of this very confe- is that they remain highly unregulated in terms the age of digital information, but they should cant discussion within the group underlining cannot study what one cannot see. And news, but also transformed their ways of have financial interests in servicing the users

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 27

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a of what is or isn’t allowed to be shared, and rather be protected and integrated. deep disagreements. There was agreement consequently, one cannot regulate well what meaningful way. how issues like online disinformation or online that it is important to understand the demand one doesn’t fully understand. bullying is monitored and counteracted. Brett Schafer from the Alliance for Securing side, why it exists in the first place, and If they are to build a stronger relationship with Democracy of the German Marshall Fund of perhaps it would be more beneficial to the citizen, they need to start using these tools How do we put order in the midst of this “infor- the United States, continued by stressing that attempt to reduce the demand for disinforma- for real engagement and participation as mation disorder”? A holistic approach is the general topic of ‘disinformation’ has been tion, so that supply would reduce as well. Also, opposed to just for dissemination and PR necessary. Such a holistic approach must highjacked by the discussion on ‘fake news.’ governments could introduce measures that purposes. include regulatory measures for online This becomes even more apparent when would help quality and pluralistic journalism platforms to set a framework of which beha- looking at the runway to the EU elections. and education of audiences as well as volun- viours are and are not allowed, and how these However, fake news is only one part of the tary end-user tools that would flag untrus- should be enforced; media literacy education problem within ‘online disinformation’; the tworthy information. for our youth, but also for the older generation other aspects of disinformation should not be who have caught on to the social media trend neglected. Paul-Jasper Dittrich, Policy Fellow at the and can fall prey to online disinformation and Jacques Delors Institute Berlin concluded that unknowingly contribute to the spread of fake The elections in the US, Brazil, and in many most of the people attending agreed that news; a mechanism for fact-checking in order countries in Europe reveal that there are some form of regulation at the government to ensure that fake news are not being spread well-funded forces that are becoming more level is needed and desirable to curb the either by malicious or uninformed actors; and organised and institutionalised in order to amount of online disinformation. The challen- strategies to increase the support for quality spread misinformation and fear-mongering ge is to still ensure freedom of speech and a) The conflation of the idea that there is a Professor Žiga Turk for the University of Ljubl- journalism. and in order to push people to vote in a way avoid censorship. culture for handling information with the jana. that benefits their political aims. These forces fantasy that there is a culture for communica- Self-regulation is important, and should defini- are becoming global in nature, and they add a To educate the public and to debate how we tion. Diverging opinions came to the fore but there tely continue to be endorsed, but it is certainly new layer of complexity to tackling the want digital society to work, it is necessary to were several areas of agreement: not enough to combat all the detrimental problem of online disinformation. The platfor- better understand how digital technologies Communication does not ignore the recipient effects of online disinformation. A common, ms in which they operate (Twitter, Facebook, impact society – complex processes and whilst many forms of information dissemina- 1.- The potential danger and vulnerability of holistic approach with measurable goals that YouTube, WhatsApp, etc.) also have a global dynamics like opinion formation or making tion do ignore the recipient. our democratic systems faced with this new regulates not only how these platforms them- presence; we need to hold these platforms voting decisions. We can only fight disinfor- setting – in particular in relation to the number selves operate, but also their relationship with accountable for their impact in disseminating mation or propaganda if we know more about b) The conflation of the notion of freedom of of “external actors” using these new technolo- third-party businesses and what data from disinformation. The way in which these where it comes from, how it travels through speech with that of freedom of expression. gies to manipulate audiences for the benefit their users they can and cannot provide to networks operate remains quite unregulated . social networks and what drives its dissemina- We give primacy to the speaker and ignore of third parties them. Understanding better what the For example, the guidelines for Twitter to tion. the recipient. platform’s algorithms seek to achieve and determine how they ban a user (see the case 2- The importance of the media and of looking how they work (this does not mean they of Alex Jones getting banned from Twitter) In the current situation, social media platforms c) Culture of control at the existing business models deserves a should reveal the coding itself, which could remains quite arbitrary, and not enforced in all continue to limit the access that researchers This new communication landscape enables particular mention. Our current system does Nicola Frank, Head of European Affairs of the remain classified information) would also be cases. Platforms need to become more trans- have to data about public communication on new powers to control communication not “value” facts and evidence but runs on a European Broadcasting Union, gave the first helpful. Transparency must be enhanced as parent, and their guidelines need to be made these platforms. This creates a situation, in allowing tech-companies deep influence on currency based on “attention” influencing the impulse statement pointing out that online well. For instance, when you ask ‘Siri’ or ‘Alexa’ aware to all users and be of public access. which only Facebook, Google or Twitter can politics, on economics and on individual whole structure and priority of public news and social media platforms today have a question, they provide an immediate answer, analyse key questions, e.g. the geographic attitudes. discourse. an increasingly large amount of power on a but you do not know where this information is Professor Žiga Turk took what it seemed like origin of accounts and postings. Social media A very vivid discussion followed, chaired by 3- The need to start using existing tools – such global scale: a growing number of the popula- coming from. Sources of information need to a more liberal approach arguing that free platforms claim that they are all about sharing, Fighting disinformation while defending interacting. Online platforms connect Professor Ed Noort, Co-Chair of the ALLEA as anti-trust legislation and competition law – tion now access their news exclusively throu- be disclosed, also in order to be more mindful speech rights also give people the right to but they are not sharing their data (our data media freedom and pluralism is fundamental citizens, enable them to create content and Working Group Truth, Trust and Expertise and to increase transparency of on-line adverti- gh these platforms and more traditional chan- of potential biases. fake news. Governments should not interfere anyway) with society. As a result, science and to protect European democracy. The rapid break down geographic and societal barriers. with the participation of Lambert van Nistel- sing (Ad Tech). nels are becoming obsolete. One of the big with exchange of information and promote society´s capacities are limited in producing development of digital technologies has not Online platforms have become powerful rooij, Member of the European Parliament and problems with these modern online platforms Our European values cannot be sacrificed in what they consider "truth". This created signifi- evidence and creating expertise, because one only changed the way that citizens consume information gateways, where thegatekeepers Member of the European Internet Forum, and 4- Existing institutions as well as politicians is that they remain highly unregulated in terms the age of digital information, but they should cant discussion within the group underlining cannot study what one cannot see. And news, but also transformed their ways of have financial interests in servicing the users

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 28

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a of what is or isn’t allowed to be shared, and rather be protected and integrated. deep disagreements. There was agreement consequently, one cannot regulate well what meaningful way. how issues like online disinformation or online that it is important to understand the demand one doesn’t fully understand. bullying is monitored and counteracted. Brett Schafer from the Alliance for Securing side, why it exists in the first place, and If they are to build a stronger relationship with Democracy of the German Marshall Fund of perhaps it would be more beneficial to 3 As remarked by Prof. Guido Vetere “understanding the the citizen, they need to start using these tools How do we put order in the midst of this “infor- the United States, continued by stressing that attempt to reduce the demand for disinforma- algorithms used to deliver certain contents to certain individuals is a huge challenge. As a community, we for real engagement and participation as mation disorder”? A holistic approach is the general topic of ‘disinformation’ has been tion, so that supply would reduce as well. Also, should be able to control these processes, but this is a opposed to just for dissemination and PR necessary. Such a holistic approach must highjacked by the discussion on ‘fake news.’ governments could introduce measures that very complex technical issue: probably, even those who purposes. include regulatory measures for online This becomes even more apparent when would help quality and pluralistic journalism work from within these systems do not know how to platforms to set a framework of which beha- looking at the runway to the EU elections. and education of audiences as well as volun- control something as deep and complex as the processes at the basis of platforms’ behavior, especially if AI is viours are and are not allowed, and how these However, fake news is only one part of the tary end-user tools that would flag untrus- involved. Coercion and regulations are not the right tools should be enforced; media literacy education problem within ‘online disinformation’; the tworthy information. to overcome these issues. Instead, governments – and the for our youth, but also for the older generation other aspects of disinformation should not be European Commission in particular – should take a proactive approach building policies and funding who have caught on to the social media trend neglected. Paul-Jasper Dittrich, Policy Fellow at the programmes to create and grow alternatives to the and can fall prey to online disinformation and Jacques Delors Institute Berlin concluded that current centralized platforms, rather than trying to make unknowingly contribute to the spread of fake The elections in the US, Brazil, and in many most of the people attending agreed that arrangements with them” [SMART Expert Interviews, 2019] news; a mechanism for fact-checking in order countries in Europe reveal that there are some form of regulation at the government to ensure that fake news are not being spread well-funded forces that are becoming more level is needed and desirable to curb the either by malicious or uninformed actors; and organised and institutionalised in order to amount of online disinformation. The challen- strategies to increase the support for quality spread misinformation and fear-mongering ge is to still ensure freedom of speech and a) The conflation of the idea that there is a Professor Žiga Turk for the University of Ljubl- journalism. and in order to push people to vote in a way avoid censorship. culture for handling information with the jana. that benefits their political aims. These forces fantasy that there is a culture for communica- Self-regulation is important, and should defini- are becoming global in nature, and they add a To educate the public and to debate how we tion. Diverging opinions came to the fore but there tely continue to be endorsed, but it is certainly new layer of complexity to tackling the want digital society to work, it is necessary to were several areas of agreement: not enough to combat all the detrimental problem of online disinformation. The platfor- better understand how digital technologies Communication does not ignore the recipient effects of online disinformation. A common, ms in which they operate (Twitter, Facebook, impact society – complex processes and Key takeaways: whilst many forms of information dissemina- 1.- The potential danger and vulnerability of holistic approach with measurable goals that YouTube, WhatsApp, etc.) also have a global dynamics like opinion formation or making tion do ignore the recipient. our democratic systems faced with this new regulates not only how these platforms them- presence; we need to hold these platforms voting decisions. We can only fight disinfor- We need better access to social media setting – in particular in relation to the number selves operate, but also their relationship with accountable for their impact in disseminating mation or propaganda if we know more about data for research. Building expertise on b) The conflation of the notion of freedom of of “external actors” using these new technolo- third-party businesses and what data from disinformation. The way in which these where it comes from, how it travels through how platforms shape discourse dynamics or how they impact election cam- speech with that of freedom of expression. gies to manipulate audiences for the benefit their users they can and cannot provide to networks operate remains quite unregulated . social networks and what drives its dissemina- paigns, and developing tools to monitor We give primacy to the speaker and ignore of third parties them. Understanding better what the For example, the guidelines for Twitter to tion. democratic processes online depends the recipient. platform’s algorithms seek to achieve and determine how they ban a user (see the case on adequate data access. 2- The importance of the media and of looking how they work (this does not mean they of Alex Jones getting banned from Twitter) In the current situation, social media platforms c) Culture of control at the existing business models deserves a · Create a European Model for the should reveal the coding itself, which could remains quite arbitrary, and not enforced in all continue to limit the access that researchers Digital able to safeguard the key Euro- Nicola Frank, Head of European Affairs of the This new communication landscape enables particular mention. Our current system does remain classified information) would also be cases. Platforms need to become more trans- have to data about public communication on pean values and ensuring the re-esta- new powers to control communication not “value” facts and evidence but runs on a European Broadcasting Union, gave the first helpful. Transparency must be enhanced as parent, and their guidelines need to be made these platforms. This creates a situation, in blishment of a healthy media ecosystem; allowing tech-companies deep influence on currency based on “attention” influencing the impulse statement pointing out that online well. For instance, when you ask ‘Siri’ or ‘Alexa’ aware to all users and be of public access. which only Facebook, Google or Twitter can news and social media platforms today have politics, on economics and on individual whole structure and priority of public a question, they provide an immediate answer, analyse key questions, e.g. the geographic · Develop short-term fixes that can be attitudes. discourse. an increasingly large amount of power on a but you do not know where this information is Professor Žiga Turk took what it seemed like origin of accounts and postings. Social media developed at a European level in the coming five years A very vivid discussion followed, chaired by 3- The need to start using existing tools – such global scale: a growing number of the popula- coming from. Sources of information need to a more liberal approach arguing that free platforms claim that they are all about sharing, Fighting disinformation while defending interacting. Online platforms connect Professor Ed Noort, Co-Chair of the ALLEA as anti-trust legislation and competition law – tion now access their news exclusively throu- media freedom and pluralism is fundamental citizens, enable them to create content and be disclosed, also in order to be more mindful speech rights also give people the right to but they are not sharing their data (our data · Ensure that “Democracy in a digital Working Group Truth, Trust and Expertise and to increase transparency of on-line adverti- gh these platforms and more traditional chan- of potential biases. fake news. Governments should not interfere anyway) with society. As a result, science and world: sound platforms and indepen- to protect European democracy. The rapid break down geographic and societal barriers. with the participation of Lambert van Nistel- sing (Ad Tech). nels are becoming obsolete. One of the big with exchange of information and promote society´s capacities are limited in producing dent media” become a “top 10” priority development of digital technologies has not Online platforms have become powerful for the next European Commisson. rooij, Member of the European Parliament and problems with these modern online platforms Our European values cannot be sacrificed in what they consider "truth". This created signifi- evidence and creating expertise, because one only changed the way that citizens consume information gateways, where thegatekeepers Member of the European Internet Forum, and 4- Existing institutions as well as politicians is that they remain highly unregulated in terms the age of digital information, but they should cant discussion within the group underlining cannot study what one cannot see. And news, but also transformed their ways of have financial interests in servicing the users

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 29

have not yet started to suing digital tools in a meaningful way.

If they are to build a stronger relationship with the citizen, they need to start using these tools BOX 3 for real engagement and participation as opposed to just for dissemination and PR purposes. The European

IN-DEPTH IN-DEPTH Commission's Actions to Combat Disinformation. Acting together to fight disinformation. a) The conflation of the idea that there is a Professor Žiga Turk for the University of Ljubl- culture for handling information with the jana. fantasy that there is a culture for communication. Diverging opinions came to the fore but there 83% of Europeans think that fake were several areas of agreement: news is a threat to democratic Communication does not ignore the recipient whilst many forms of information dissemina- 1.- The potential danger and vulnerability of processes. tion do ignore the recipient. our democratic systems faced with this new setting – in particular in relation to the number b) The conflation of the notion of freedom of of “external actors” using these new technolo- speech with that of freedom of expression. gies to manipulate audiences for the benefit We give primacy to the speaker and ignore of third parties the recipient. 73% of internet users are concerned 2- The importance of the media and of looking about disinformation online in the c) Culture of control at the existing business models deserves a This new communication landscape enables particular mention. Our current system does pre-election period. new powers to control communication not “value” facts and evidence but runs on a allowing tech-companies deep influence on currency based on “attention” influencing the politics, on economics and on individual whole structure and priority of public attitudes. discourse. A very vivid discussion followed, chaired by 3- The need to start using existing tools – such Fighting disinformation while defending interacting. Online platforms connect Professor Ed Noort, Co-Chair of the ALLEA as anti-trust legislation and competition law – media freedom and pluralism is fundamental citizens, enable them to create content and Working Group Truth, Trust and Expertise and to increase transparency of on-line adverti- to protect European democracy. The rapid break down geographic and societal barriers. with the participation of Lambert van Nistel- sing (Ad Tech). development of digital technologies has not Online platforms have become powerful rooij, Member of the European Parliament and only changed the way that citizens consume information gateways, where thegatekeepers Member of the European Internet Forum, and 4- Existing institutions as well as politicians news, but also transformed their ways of have financial interests in servicing the users

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 30

the JRC over the next few months: values and cratically, e.g. on social media. There is an political identity in a multicultural society. It urgent need to act now. Finally, the market with customised information. supporting media freedom and independen- Representations in the Member States and sharing, a real knowledge community with stems from the acknowledgment that there is approach and the privatisation of science and ce. It improves the EU's capacity to forecast, on social media by drawing on the expertise expertise on the different facets of disinfor- a rise of populism in Europe. Are there values journalism will hinder democracy. These insti- While this environment makes it easier for address and raise awareness about disinfor- of its Network against Disinformation, a mation is needed, drawing insights from in Europe which resonate with extremism? Is tutions should remain public. citizens to interact and express their political mation activities. The Commission has group of Commission mythbusters, data research and Décodeurs de l'Europe - an there a democratic recession? Can economy views, thus contributing to the healthy func- tackled disinformation from the legislative, analysis from social media and insights from initiative academia, fact-checkers, online by be the only factor in explaining the decrease Dr Christoph Glauser, Director of the Institute tioning of democratic societies, it also allows security and communication perspective. In behavioural science. The Commission provi- the Commission Representation platforms, of democracy? Which values are held by EU for Applied Argumentation Research pointed the rapid spread of harmful disinformation the last year, the Commission has underlined des factual and accurate information on its technology experts and in Paris international citizens and political movements in Europe? It out that politics and scientists need to urgent- that seeks to disrupt democratic processes. the importance of securing free and fair policies and political priorities as well as partners. The Commission is ready to link up is proposed to set up a European barometer, ly develop better ways of engaging and crea- Evidence shows that foreign state actors are European elections. It has encouraged rebutting any disinformation that seeks to the expertise of its Network against Disinfor- to help monitor these trends. Values have ting links with people. also increasingly deploying disinformation leading platforms to sign up to a code of mislead European citizens as regards the EU. mation with the rapid alert system and provi- become central in EU institutional discourse strategies to influence societal debates, practice against disinformation and put In Member States, Commission Representa- de a hub for EU policy related content to and there is a general acknowledgment that It was generally agreed that mediation and create divisions and interfere in democratic forward an action plan with proposals for a tions also play a part in mythbusting setting counter disinformation. emotions play a strong role in the political gate-keepers are needed. Internet was crea- decision-making. coordinated EU response to the challenge of the record straight on the most persistent realm. ted by scientists, for people with good inten- disinformation. The platforms must now take and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. The Commission intends to facilitate the tions, but has evolved beyond that sphere The Commission defines disinformation as their fair share of responsibility for ensuring creation of a European multidisciplinary Professor Andrzej Nowak, from the University now. The public service should pay a stronger 'verifiably false or misleading information free and unbiased speech in Europe. In Member States, Commission Representa- community to foster cooperation between all of Warsaw, proceeded to explore the role of role, and scientific advisers should make that is created, presented and disseminated tions also play a part in mythbusting setting involved, in particular independent narratives in this debate. In fact, studies show special efforts to engage with journalism. for economic gain or to intentionally deceive The Action Plan focuses on four areas to the record straight on the most persistent fact-checkers and academic researchers that fake news have their roots in narratives Funding should be included for the creation of the public, and may cause public harm. The build up EU and Member State capabilities and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. involved in the fight against disinformation. rather than facts . Debunking can limit the stories and narratives in science, to help aim of disinformation is to distract and divide, and strengthen cooperation: In the rapidly evolving world of disinforma- To this end, the Commission plans to establi- spread of fake news to new individuals, but it people trust science and its impact on policy. to plant seeds of doubt by distorting and tion, institutions need to continue efforts to sh a European Platform on Disinformation. may strengthen the beliefs of those who There is a need to build brands and use tricks falsifying facts, thus confusing people and 1) improving detection, analysis and exposu- adapt very quickly, not only to changing The Platform will scale up collaboration already are “believers”. A narratives approach that are not currently at use in the science weakening their faith in institutions and esta- re of disinformation; political circumstances, but also to the chan- between fact-checkers and academic may offer clues on how to reach anti-science world, e.g. the cult of personalities. blished political processes. It is our common ging technological landscape. The use of researchers in order to ensure full coverage users. More research is needed on narratives duty to defend the core value of freedom of 2) building stronger cooperation and joint 'bots' (online robots that perform repetitive of the Union territory and facilitate the and fake news, and on strategies for an effec- Sylwia Ufnalska (European Association of expression and to protect European citizens response through a new rapid alert system; tasks based on algorithms) in communication build-up and interconnection of relevant tive prevention of spread of fake news. Science Editors, EASE) emphasized that one from disinformation. This calls for three-fold is already a reality. In the near future, artificial national organisations, including national important step is to encourage good scientific action - effective policy measures to regulate 3) engaging with online platforms and indus- intelligence will also be increasingly used to disinformation centres. Volker Stollorz, Chief Editor and Managing writing and setting standards for this (EASE online content and service providers, innova- try, as per the code of practice signed by carry out communication activities. The EU Director of the German Science Media Centre, Guidelines, freely available in >20 languages ). tive communication to build resilience online platforms, leading social networks, institutions and Member States need to An increasingly influential stream of research are being challenged. This session looked at started by underlining that direct communica- Ufnalska suggested that courses in scientific against disinformation, and the continued advertisers and industry; and continue efforts to adapt to and get ahead of demonstrates the importance of cognition, concrete projects and proposals to strengthen tion between policy and people cuts out two writing based on the Guidelines should be defence of media freedom and pluralism. this new reality. Education systems can play a emotion and values in political decision-ma- evidence, establish trustworthiness and foster major filters and pillars of the Enlightenment: offered to PhD students and researchers, to 4) raising awareness and empowering part here: The Digital Education Action Plan king. Political cognition is emotionally shaped trust-building. science and journalism. We need these filters promote effective and ethical scientific com- Over the past five years, the EU has streng- citizens through targeted campaigns and could encourage more specialist training in by certain narratives. This session explored to save democracy. How do journalists produ- munication. Secondly, editorial standards for thened its efforts to tackle disinformation. dedicated programmes promoting media artificial intelligence. the role of narratives in shaping political deci- This session, chaired by Professor Maria ce narratives? They do not engage in an argu- science journals should be popularized (e.g. Following March 2015 European Council literacy at European and national level. sions, in particular in recent years when entire Baghramian, University College Dublin, ment with, e.g., anti-vaccination campaigners, COPE Guidelines), as journal editors are the conclusions, the East StratCom Task Force In order to continue fighting the increasing societies have made choices that seem “ratio- explored the roles of values and narratives in as this is impossible. Rather, they choose to “gatekeepers” who decide what gets publi- was set up in the European External Action Crucially, the fight against disinformation flow of disinformation, Member States and nally” counterintuitive. Trust is the glue that building shared realities and objectives for engage with those who doubt, and strengthen shed and what does not. Thirdly, predatory Service (EEAS). Together with the Commis- requires a constant outflow of fact-based institutions need to team up to build on exis- holds societies together. It is what allows us to society. a process of information-sharing with integrity. journals, which commercially publish sion and EU delegations in non-EU countries, messaging that helps citizens to distinguish ting synergies and pool resources. Together, share information, collaborate and co-create But there is an urgent need to regulate all the low-quality papers without peer review or the Task Force communicates about Union reality from falsehood. The Commission Member States and EU institutions need to joint visions and projects. Today, however, this Giovanni La Placa, from the Joint Research other new actors that do not behave demo- editorial judgement, should be exposed and policies in eastern neighbourhood countries, responds to disinformation directly via its make sure that the new rapid alert system is vital component of society is being challen- Centre of the European Commission, presen- strengthening the media environment and Spokesperson's Service, the Commission fully exploited. Going beyond information ged as trust in institutions, experts and media ted a research idea that will be investigated by

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 31

condemned. Fourthly, continuous development of critical and analytical thinking skills at all levels of education is crucial. Last but not least, reduction of the bureaucratic workload of scientists is necessary. For example, there is a need for implementing more freedom of choice of science translators and author’s editors by scientists for their manuscripts before submission to a journal.

The question was raised, whether this debate could realistically be taken to the EU level. It made no doubt that citizens develop a sense of agency and ownership at national level, but are European values strong enough and shared to extrapolate these issues at EU level?

The point was made that it would be extre- mely challenging to control or mediate the internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to fake news.

It was mentioned that in Europe one person out of six has a low literacy level, and that reaching out to this public in a digital world demands inclusive tools. Fighting disinformation while defending interacting. Online platforms connect media freedom and pluralism is fundamental citizens, enable them to create content and to protect European democracy. The rapid break down geographic and societal barriers. development of digital technologies has not Online platforms have become powerful only changed the way that citizens consume information gateways, where thegatekeepers news, but also transformed their ways of have ﬁnancial interests in servicing the users

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 32

The point was made that it would be extre- mely challenging to control or mediate the internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to fake news.

on Artificial Intelligence and the possible media require policy answers to challenges technologies. We talk a lot about the harms of will only continue to grow. In the end, the the JRC over the next few months: values and cratically, e.g. on social media. There is an implication for digital government transforma- such as data protection, content blocking and technology, but we lack the evidence on how digital transformation is about people, not political identity in a multicultural society. It urgent need to act now. Finally, the market with customised information. supporting media freedom and independen- Representations in the Member States and sharing, a real knowledge community with tion. surveillance. It was concluded that media to make sensible and responsible policy on technology. stems from the acknowledgment that there is approach and the privatisation of science and ce. It improves the EU's capacity to forecast, on social media by drawing on the expertise expertise on the different facets of disinfor- policy tools need to be developed along the technology. This is partly a failure amongst a rise of populism in Europe. Are there values journalism will hinder democracy. These insti- While this environment makes it easier for address and raise awareness about disinfor- of its Network against Disinformation, a mation is needed, drawing insights from There was a general consensus in the group all-digital media future. policymakers but is partly inhibited by the in Europe which resonate with extremism? Is tutions should remain public. citizens to interact and express their political mation activities. The Commission has group of Commission mythbusters, data research and Décodeurs de l'Europe - an that any policy should not only prohibit but unwillingness of tech companies to share their there a democratic recession? Can economy views, thus contributing to the healthy func- tackled disinformation from the legislative, analysis from social media and insights from initiative academia, fact-checkers, online by also enable. There also seemed to be a gene- This also fed into a wider discussion about information and data, often in the name of be the only factor in explaining the decrease Dr Christoph Glauser, Director of the Institute tioning of democratic societies, it also allows security and communication perspective. In behavioural science. The Commission provi- the Commission Representation platforms, ral notion that it is a very sensitive and polari- how regulation can be a help rather than a trade secret or data protection. It is very of democracy? Which values are held by EU for Applied Argumentation Research pointed the rapid spread of harmful disinformation the last year, the Commission has underlined des factual and accurate information on its technology experts and in Paris international sed subject that can produce strong feelings hindrance and how the benefits of effective difficult for policymakers to make good policy citizens and political movements in Europe? It out that politics and scientists need to urgent- that seeks to disrupt democratic processes. the importance of securing free and fair policies and political priorities as well as partners. The Commission is ready to link up REGULATION regarding issues of privacy or freedom of regulation can be understood more widely. It about something they fundamentally do not is proposed to set up a European barometer, ly develop better ways of engaging and crea- Evidence shows that foreign state actors are European elections. It has encouraged rebutting any disinformation that seeks to the expertise of its Network against Disinfor- expression. It was acknowledged that traditio- is mostly assumed that regulation will stifle understand. Acknowledging that gap in to help monitor these trends. Values have ting links with people. also increasingly deploying disinformation leading platforms to sign up to a code of mislead European citizens as regards the EU. mation with the rapid alert system and provi- nal concepts that are at the centre of public innovation. However, regulating technologies understanding is vitally important. A more become central in EU institutional discourse strategies to influence societal debates, practice against disinformation and put In Member States, Commission Representa- de a hub for EU policy related content to discourse, law and regulation, and concepts can in fact drive different kinds of innovation. independent algorithmic expertise would be and there is a general acknowledgment that It was generally agreed that mediation and create divisions and interfere in democratic forward an action plan with proposals for a tions also play a part in mythbusting setting counter disinformation. such as consent, privacy and ownership are Regulation done the right way can accelerate particularly of help. emotions play a strong role in the political gate-keepers are needed. Internet was crea- decision-making. coordinated EU response to the challenge of the record straight on the most persistent changing due to digital technologies. There innovation if it is providing the right incentives realm. ted by scientists, for people with good inten- disinformation. The platforms must now take and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. The Commission intends to facilitate the was also a general understanding that self-re- for the type of innovation that you think is Regulation on digital technologies should also tions, but has evolved beyond that sphere The Commission defines disinformation as their fair share of responsibility for ensuring creation of a European multidisciplinary gulation by private (technology) companies going to lead to progress. One successful be viewed and established through a Professor Andrzej Nowak, from the University now. The public service should pay a stronger 'verifiably false or misleading information free and unbiased speech in Europe. In Member States, Commission Representa- community to foster cooperation between all The Ethics of Balancing would not be enough. example is in renewable energies, where cross-sectoral approach, as it will affect all of Warsaw, proceeded to explore the role of role, and scientific advisers should make that is created, presented and disseminated tions also play a part in mythbusting setting involved, in particular independent adopting regulations can force companies to policy areas in the future. Dialogue between narratives in this debate. In fact, studies show special efforts to engage with journalism. for economic gain or to intentionally deceive The Action Plan focuses on four areas to the record straight on the most persistent fact-checkers and academic researchers the Internet and the Within the group two approaches to regula- think differently. all stakeholders in drawing up regulation is that fake news have their roots in narratives Funding should be included for the creation of the public, and may cause public harm. The build up EU and Member State capabilities and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. involved in the fight against disinformation. tion dominated the discussion: essential here. This is where Europe has a rather than facts . Debunking can limit the stories and narratives in science, to help aim of disinformation is to distract and divide, and strengthen cooperation: In the rapidly evolving world of disinforma- To this end, the Commission plans to establi- The central question should be what a regula- great opportunity, because of its diversity and spread of fake news to new individuals, but it people trust science and its impact on policy. to plant seeds of doubt by distorting and tion, institutions need to continue efforts to sh a European Platform on Disinformation. Legal and Ethical - Radical change; this approach echoed the tory system could look like to sustain respon- its enlightenment tradition. The challenge for may strengthen the beliefs of those who There is a need to build brands and use tricks falsifying facts, thus confusing people and 1) improving detection, analysis and exposu- adapt very quickly, not only to changing The Platform will scale up collaboration need to create new institutions, such as an sible technologies, not solely to restrain irres- us as Europeans is how do we create a Euro- already are “believers”. A narratives approach that are not currently at use in the science weakening their faith in institutions and esta- re of disinformation; political circumstances, but also to the chan- between fact-checkers and academic implications of Data Office of Technology Assessment to develop ponsible ones. Therefore, we need to create a pean model of the internet which asserts our may offer clues on how to reach anti-science world, e.g. the cult of personalities. blished political processes. It is our common ging technological landscape. The use of researchers in order to ensure full coverage new regulations as well as institutions desig- regulatory system which is resilient and flexi- values? We need to shift the balance from the users. More research is needed on narratives duty to defend the core value of freedom of 2) building stronger cooperation and joint 'bots' (online robots that perform repetitive of the Union territory and facilitate the and AI ned for today’s environment; ble, which essentially allows an element of democratic state responding to technologies and fake news, and on strategies for an effec- Sylwia Ufnalska (European Association of expression and to protect European citizens response through a new rapid alert system; tasks based on algorithms) in communication build-up and interconnection of relevant test and learn from the regulatory side as well to the democratic state setting the rules under tive prevention of spread of fake news. Science Editors, EASE) emphasized that one from disinformation. This calls for three-fold is already a reality. In the near future, artificial national organisations, including national - Update/Fine-tune existing rules; the as from the technology side. which technologies play. One of the biggest important step is to encourage good scientific action - effective policy measures to regulate 3) engaging with online platforms and indus- intelligence will also be increasingly used to disinformation centres. Chaired by Professor Alain Strowel, ALLEA intelligence and big data. second approach suggests working with exis- issues here is that most of the technology Volker Stollorz, Chief Editor and Managing writing and setting standards for this (EASE online content and service providers, innova- try, as per the code of practice signed by carry out communication activities. The EU Working Group Intellectual Property Rights, ting tools, such as anti-trust and data protec- Sometimes regulation is actually really impor- companies are not based in Europe. Director of the German Science Media Centre, Guidelines, freely available in >20 languages ). tive communication to build resilience online platforms, leading social networks, institutions and Member States need to An increasingly influential stream of research are being challenged. This session looked at the session looked at the broader issue of Digitalization is changing everything, at diffe- tion authorities, and use existing frameworks tant in levelling the playing field and giving not started by underlining that direct communica- Ufnalska suggested that courses in scientific against disinformation, and the continued advertisers and industry; and continue efforts to adapt to and get ahead of demonstrates the importance of cognition, concrete projects and proposals to strengthen policy for technology. There are few things rent speeds—the way businesses operate, the for the current system. just industry and researchers but also the What is also essential in order to tackle the tion between policy and people cuts out two writing based on the Guidelines should be defence of media freedom and pluralism. this new reality. Education systems can play a emotion and values in political decision-ma- evidence, establish trustworthiness and foster that polarise society more than the issue of way states are governed, and the way people public confidence that appropriate bounda- challenges of regulation is a public dialogue major filters and pillars of the Enlightenment: offered to PhD students and researchers, to 4) raising awareness and empowering part here: The Digital Education Action Plan king. Political cognition is emotionally shaped trust-building. whether the internet should be regulated socialize and communicate with each other. One participant pointed to the problem today ries are being set. The debate around regula- and public conversation about how we want science and journalism. We need these filters promote effective and ethical scientific com- Over the past five years, the EU has streng- citizens through targeted campaigns and could encourage more specialist training in by certain narratives. This session explored more and if so, in which way. With staunch Economic activity as well as the creation and that the rules differentiating “information” vs tion has been a very technocratic debate so technologies to serve us as a society. How do to save democracy. How do journalists produ- munication. Secondly, editorial standards for thened its efforts to tackle disinformation. dedicated programmes promoting media artificial intelligence. the role of narratives in shaping political deci- This session, chaired by Professor Maria supporters on all sides, this question often delivery of public goods will depend more “advertising” are not enforced on the content far. What has been missing is a recognition we want to shape technologies and how do ce narratives? They do not engage in an argu- science journals should be popularized (e.g. Following March 2015 European Council literacy at European and national level. sions, in particular in recent years when entire Baghramian, University College Dublin, retreats to the barricades of basic ethical and more on data. In order to seize the oppor- sharing platforms, allowing to advertise online that regulation could start to address other we want technologies to shape us? ment with, e.g., anti-vaccination campaigners, COPE Guidelines), as journal editors are the conclusions, the East StratCom Task Force In order to continue fighting the increasing societies have made choices that seem “ratio- explored the roles of values and narratives in values and fundamental rights such as free- tunity, Europe has to prepare itself for this or disseminate propaganda under cover in a important questions like the question of trust. as this is impossible. Rather, they choose to “gatekeepers” who decide what gets publi- was set up in the European External Action Crucially, the fight against disinformation flow of disinformation, Member States and nally” counterintuitive. Trust is the glue that building shared realities and objectives for dom of speech, privacy and the way to control digital transformation. non-transparent way. One solution could be to Clear rules and regulation can provide an Digitalization is quickly spreading throughout engage with those who doubt, and strengthen shed and what does not. Thirdly, predatory Service (EEAS). Together with the Commis- requires a constant outflow of fact-based institutions need to team up to build on exis- holds societies together. It is what allows us to society. and balance those competing objectives. Big focus on the recipient instead of the author environment in which innovation thrives almost every aspect of daily life. It is beco- a process of information-sharing with integrity. journals, which commercially publish sion and EU delegations in non-EU countries, messaging that helps citizens to distinguish ting synergies and pool resources. Together, share information, collaborate and co-create data, advanced analytics, and the Internet of Gianluca Misuraca, Senior Scientist for Digital which could radically change the approach to because regulation can create a high level of ming an integral part of trade, audio-visual But there is an urgent need to regulate all the low-quality papers without peer review or the Task Force communicates about Union reality from falsehood. The Commission Member States and EU institutions need to joint visions and projects. Today, however, this Giovanni La Placa, from the Joint Research Things are transforming the way we work and Government Transformation at the Joint regulation. Media policy is requested to reliability and therefore trust. services, copyright law, education, foreign other new actors that do not behave demo- editorial judgement, should be exposed and policies in eastern neighbourhood countries, responds to disinformation directly via its make sure that the new rapid alert system is vital component of society is being challen- Centre of the European Commission, presen- organise. This session explored the challen- Research Centre of the European Commission respect and protect media freedom. The There is also another issue: there is no clear policy, and healthcare. The number of public strengthening the media environment and Spokesperson's Service, the Commission fully exploited. Going beyond information ged as trust in institutions, experts and media ted a research idea that will be investigated by ges and opportunities posed by artificial gave an initial overview of the work developed Internet, as well as social and networked evidence around the real impact of digital entities involved in the process of digitalization

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 33

The point was made that it would be extre- mely challenging to control or mediate the internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to fake news.

on Artificial Intelligence and the possible media require policy answers to challenges technologies. We talk a lot about the harms of will only continue to grow. In the end, the the JRC over the next few months: values and cratically, e.g. on social media. There is an implication for digital government transforma- such as data protection, content blocking and technology, but we lack the evidence on how digital transformation is about people, not political identity in a multicultural society. It urgent need to act now. Finally, the market with customised information. supporting media freedom and independen- Representations in the Member States and sharing, a real knowledge community with tion. surveillance. It was concluded that media to make sensible and responsible policy on technology. stems from the acknowledgment that there is approach and the privatisation of science and ce. It improves the EU's capacity to forecast, on social media by drawing on the expertise expertise on the different facets of disinfor- policy tools need to be developed along the technology. This is partly a failure amongst a rise of populism in Europe. Are there values journalism will hinder democracy. These insti- While this environment makes it easier for address and raise awareness about disinfor- of its Network against Disinformation, a mation is needed, drawing insights from There was a general consensus in the group all-digital media future. policymakers but is partly inhibited by the in Europe which resonate with extremism? Is tutions should remain public. citizens to interact and express their political mation activities. The Commission has group of Commission mythbusters, data research and Décodeurs de l'Europe - an that any policy should not only prohibit but unwillingness of tech companies to share their there a democratic recession? Can economy views, thus contributing to the healthy func- tackled disinformation from the legislative, analysis from social media and insights from initiative academia, fact-checkers, online by also enable. There also seemed to be a gene- This also fed into a wider discussion about information and data, often in the name of be the only factor in explaining the decrease Dr Christoph Glauser, Director of the Institute tioning of democratic societies, it also allows security and communication perspective. In behavioural science. The Commission provi- the Commission Representation platforms, ral notion that it is a very sensitive and polari- how regulation can be a help rather than a trade secret or data protection. It is very of democracy? Which values are held by EU for Applied Argumentation Research pointed the rapid spread of harmful disinformation the last year, the Commission has underlined des factual and accurate information on its technology experts and in Paris international sed subject that can produce strong feelings hindrance and how the benefits of effective difficult for policymakers to make good policy citizens and political movements in Europe? It out that politics and scientists need to urgent- that seeks to disrupt democratic processes. the importance of securing free and fair policies and political priorities as well as partners. The Commission is ready to link up regarding issues of privacy or freedom of regulation can be understood more widely. It about something they fundamentally do not is proposed to set up a European barometer, ly develop better ways of engaging and crea- Evidence shows that foreign state actors are European elections. It has encouraged rebutting any disinformation that seeks to the expertise of its Network against Disinfor- expression. It was acknowledged that traditio- is mostly assumed that regulation will stifle understand. Acknowledging that gap in to help monitor these trends. Values have ting links with people. also increasingly deploying disinformation leading platforms to sign up to a code of mislead European citizens as regards the EU. mation with the rapid alert system and provi- nal concepts that are at the centre of public innovation. However, regulating technologies understanding is vitally important. A more become central in EU institutional discourse strategies to influence societal debates, practice against disinformation and put In Member States, Commission Representa- de a hub for EU policy related content to discourse, law and regulation, and concepts can in fact drive different kinds of innovation. independent algorithmic expertise would be and there is a general acknowledgment that It was generally agreed that mediation and create divisions and interfere in democratic forward an action plan with proposals for a tions also play a part in mythbusting setting counter disinformation. such as consent, privacy and ownership are Regulation done the right way can accelerate particularly of help. emotions play a strong role in the political gate-keepers are needed. Internet was crea- decision-making. coordinated EU response to the challenge of the record straight on the most persistent changing due to digital technologies. There innovation if it is providing the right incentives realm. ted by scientists, for people with good inten- disinformation. The platforms must now take and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. The Commission intends to facilitate the was also a general understanding that self-re- for the type of innovation that you think is Regulation on digital technologies should also tions, but has evolved beyond that sphere The Commission defines disinformation as their fair share of responsibility for ensuring creation of a European multidisciplinary gulation by private (technology) companies going to lead to progress. One successful be viewed and established through a Professor Andrzej Nowak, from the University now. The public service should pay a stronger 'verifiably false or misleading information free and unbiased speech in Europe. In Member States, Commission Representa- community to foster cooperation between all would not be enough. example is in renewable energies, where cross-sectoral approach, as it will affect all of Warsaw, proceeded to explore the role of role, and scientific advisers should make that is created, presented and disseminated tions also play a part in mythbusting setting involved, in particular independent adopting regulations can force companies to policy areas in the future. Dialogue between narratives in this debate. In fact, studies show special efforts to engage with journalism. for economic gain or to intentionally deceive The Action Plan focuses on four areas to the record straight on the most persistent fact-checkers and academic researchers Within the group two approaches to regula- think differently. all stakeholders in drawing up regulation is that fake news have their roots in narratives Funding should be included for the creation of the public, and may cause public harm. The build up EU and Member State capabilities and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. involved in the fight against disinformation. tion dominated the discussion: essential here. This is where Europe has a rather than facts . Debunking can limit the stories and narratives in science, to help aim of disinformation is to distract and divide, and strengthen cooperation: In the rapidly evolving world of disinforma- To this end, the Commission plans to establi- The central question should be what a regula- great opportunity, because of its diversity and spread of fake news to new individuals, but it people trust science and its impact on policy. to plant seeds of doubt by distorting and tion, institutions need to continue efforts to sh a European Platform on Disinformation. - Radical change; this approach echoed the tory system could look like to sustain respon- its enlightenment tradition. The challenge for may strengthen the beliefs of those who There is a need to build brands and use tricks falsifying facts, thus confusing people and 1) improving detection, analysis and exposu- adapt very quickly, not only to changing The Platform will scale up collaboration need to create new institutions, such as an sible technologies, not solely to restrain irres- us as Europeans is how do we create a Euro- already are “believers”. A narratives approach that are not currently at use in the science weakening their faith in institutions and esta- re of disinformation; political circumstances, but also to the chan- between fact-checkers and academic Office of Technology Assessment to develop ponsible ones. Therefore, we need to create a pean model of the internet which asserts our may offer clues on how to reach anti-science world, e.g. the cult of personalities. blished political processes. It is our common ging technological landscape. The use of researchers in order to ensure full coverage new regulations as well as institutions desig- regulatory system which is resilient and flexi- values? We need to shift the balance from the users. More research is needed on narratives duty to defend the core value of freedom of 2) building stronger cooperation and joint 'bots' (online robots that perform repetitive of the Union territory and facilitate the ned for today’s environment; ble, which essentially allows an element of democratic state responding to technologies and fake news, and on strategies for an effec- Sylwia Ufnalska (European Association of expression and to protect European citizens response through a new rapid alert system; tasks based on algorithms) in communication build-up and interconnection of relevant test and learn from the regulatory side as well to the democratic state setting the rules under tive prevention of spread of fake news. Science Editors, EASE) emphasized that one from disinformation. This calls for three-fold is already a reality. In the near future, artificial national organisations, including national - Update/Fine-tune existing rules; the as from the technology side. which technologies play. One of the biggest important step is to encourage good scientific action - effective policy measures to regulate 3) engaging with online platforms and indus- intelligence will also be increasingly used to disinformation centres. Chaired by Professor Alain Strowel, ALLEA intelligence and big data. second approach suggests working with exis- issues here is that most of the technology Volker Stollorz, Chief Editor and Managing writing and setting standards for this (EASE online content and service providers, innova- try, as per the code of practice signed by carry out communication activities. The EU Working Group Intellectual Property Rights, ting tools, such as anti-trust and data protec- Sometimes regulation is actually really impor- companies are not based in Europe. Director of the German Science Media Centre, Guidelines, freely available in >20 languages ). tive communication to build resilience online platforms, leading social networks, institutions and Member States need to An increasingly influential stream of research are being challenged. This session looked at the session looked at the broader issue of Digitalization is changing everything, at diffe- tion authorities, and use existing frameworks tant in levelling the playing field and giving not started by underlining that direct communica- Ufnalska suggested that courses in scientific against disinformation, and the continued advertisers and industry; and continue efforts to adapt to and get ahead of demonstrates the importance of cognition, concrete projects and proposals to strengthen policy for technology. There are few things rent speeds—the way businesses operate, the for the current system. just industry and researchers but also the What is also essential in order to tackle the tion between policy and people cuts out two writing based on the Guidelines should be defence of media freedom and pluralism. this new reality. Education systems can play a emotion and values in political decision-ma- evidence, establish trustworthiness and foster that polarise society more than the issue of way states are governed, and the way people public confidence that appropriate bounda- challenges of regulation is a public dialogue major filters and pillars of the Enlightenment: offered to PhD students and researchers, to 4) raising awareness and empowering part here: The Digital Education Action Plan king. Political cognition is emotionally shaped trust-building. whether the internet should be regulated socialize and communicate with each other. One participant pointed to the problem today ries are being set. The debate around regula- and public conversation about how we want science and journalism. We need these filters promote effective and ethical scientific com- Over the past five years, the EU has streng- citizens through targeted campaigns and could encourage more specialist training in by certain narratives. This session explored more and if so, in which way. With staunch Economic activity as well as the creation and that the rules differentiating “information” vs tion has been a very technocratic debate so technologies to serve us as a society. How do to save democracy. How do journalists produ- munication. Secondly, editorial standards for thened its efforts to tackle disinformation. dedicated programmes promoting media artificial intelligence. the role of narratives in shaping political deci- This session, chaired by Professor Maria supporters on all sides, this question often delivery of public goods will depend more “advertising” are not enforced on the content far. What has been missing is a recognition we want to shape technologies and how do ce narratives? They do not engage in an argu- science journals should be popularized (e.g. Following March 2015 European Council literacy at European and national level. sions, in particular in recent years when entire Baghramian, University College Dublin, retreats to the barricades of basic ethical and more on data. In order to seize the oppor- sharing platforms, allowing to advertise online that regulation could start to address other we want technologies to shape us? ment with, e.g., anti-vaccination campaigners, COPE Guidelines), as journal editors are the conclusions, the East StratCom Task Force In order to continue fighting the increasing societies have made choices that seem “ratio- explored the roles of values and narratives in values and fundamental rights such as free- tunity, Europe has to prepare itself for this or disseminate propaganda under cover in a important questions like the question of trust. as this is impossible. Rather, they choose to “gatekeepers” who decide what gets publi- was set up in the European External Action Crucially, the fight against disinformation flow of disinformation, Member States and nally” counterintuitive. Trust is the glue that building shared realities and objectives for dom of speech, privacy and the way to control digital transformation. non-transparent way. One solution could be to Clear rules and regulation can provide an Digitalization is quickly spreading throughout engage with those who doubt, and strengthen shed and what does not. Thirdly, predatory Service (EEAS). Together with the Commis- requires a constant outflow of fact-based institutions need to team up to build on exis- holds societies together. It is what allows us to society. and balance those competing objectives. Big focus on the recipient instead of the author environment in which innovation thrives almost every aspect of daily life. It is beco- a process of information-sharing with integrity. journals, which commercially publish sion and EU delegations in non-EU countries, messaging that helps citizens to distinguish ting synergies and pool resources. Together, share information, collaborate and co-create data, advanced analytics, and the Internet of Gianluca Misuraca, Senior Scientist for Digital which could radically change the approach to because regulation can create a high level of ming an integral part of trade, audio-visual But there is an urgent need to regulate all the low-quality papers without peer review or the Task Force communicates about Union reality from falsehood. The Commission Member States and EU institutions need to joint visions and projects. Today, however, this Giovanni La Placa, from the Joint Research Things are transforming the way we work and Government Transformation at the Joint regulation. Media policy is requested to reliability and therefore trust. services, copyright law, education, foreign other new actors that do not behave demo- editorial judgement, should be exposed and policies in eastern neighbourhood countries, responds to disinformation directly via its make sure that the new rapid alert system is vital component of society is being challen- Centre of the European Commission, presen- organise. This session explored the challen- Research Centre of the European Commission respect and protect media freedom. The There is also another issue: there is no clear policy, and healthcare. The number of public strengthening the media environment and Spokesperson's Service, the Commission fully exploited. Going beyond information ged as trust in institutions, experts and media ted a research idea that will be investigated by ges and opportunities posed by artificial gave an initial overview of the work developed Internet, as well as social and networked evidence around the real impact of digital entities involved in the process of digitalization

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 34

The point was made that it would be extre- mely challenging to control or mediate the internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to fake news.

on Artificial Intelligence and the possible media require policy answers to challenges technologies. We talk a lot about the harms of will only continue to grow. In the end, the the JRC over the next few months: values and cratically, e.g. on social media. There is an implication for digital government transforma- such as data protection, content blocking and technology, but we lack the evidence on how digital transformation is about people, not political identity in a multicultural society. It urgent need to act now. Finally, the market with customised information. supporting media freedom and independen- Representations in the Member States and sharing, a real knowledge community with tion. surveillance. It was concluded that media to make sensible and responsible policy on technology. stems from the acknowledgment that there is approach and the privatisation of science and ce. It improves the EU's capacity to forecast, on social media by drawing on the expertise expertise on the different facets of disinfor- policy tools need to be developed along the technology. This is partly a failure amongst a rise of populism in Europe. Are there values journalism will hinder democracy. These insti- While this environment makes it easier for address and raise awareness about disinfor- of its Network against Disinformation, a mation is needed, drawing insights from There was a general consensus in the group all-digital media future. policymakers but is partly inhibited by the in Europe which resonate with extremism? Is tutions should remain public. citizens to interact and express their political mation activities. The Commission has group of Commission mythbusters, data research and Décodeurs de l'Europe - an that any policy should not only prohibit but unwillingness of tech companies to share their there a democratic recession? Can economy views, thus contributing to the healthy func- tackled disinformation from the legislative, analysis from social media and insights from initiative academia, fact-checkers, online by also enable. There also seemed to be a gene- This also fed into a wider discussion about information and data, often in the name of be the only factor in explaining the decrease Dr Christoph Glauser, Director of the Institute tioning of democratic societies, it also allows security and communication perspective. In behavioural science. The Commission provi- the Commission Representation platforms, In order to make the most of tech- ral notion that it is a very sensitive and polari- how regulation can be a help rather than a trade secret or data protection. It is very of democracy? Which values are held by EU for Applied Argumentation Research pointed the rapid spread of harmful disinformation the last year, the Commission has underlined des factual and accurate information on its technology experts and in Paris international nological advances, the European sed subject that can produce strong feelings hindrance and how the benefits of effective difficult for policymakers to make good policy citizens and political movements in Europe? It out that politics and scientists need to urgent- that seeks to disrupt democratic processes. the importance of securing free and fair policies and political priorities as well as partners. The Commission is ready to link up Union needs to be open to trans- regarding issues of privacy or freedom of regulation can be understood more widely. It about something they fundamentally do not is proposed to set up a European barometer, ly develop better ways of engaging and crea- Evidence shows that foreign state actors are European elections. It has encouraged rebutting any disinformation that seeks to the expertise of its Network against Disinfor- formation and have the courage expression. It was acknowledged that traditio- is mostly assumed that regulation will stifle understand. Acknowledging that gap in to help monitor these trends. Values have ting links with people. also increasingly deploying disinformation leading platforms to sign up to a code of mislead European citizens as regards the EU. mation with the rapid alert system and provi- to push forward with smart ideas. nal concepts that are at the centre of public innovation. However, regulating technologies understanding is vitally important. A more become central in EU institutional discourse strategies to influence societal debates, practice against disinformation and put In Member States, Commission Representa- de a hub for EU policy related content to Whoever learns to use new tools discourse, law and regulation, and concepts can in fact drive different kinds of innovation. independent algorithmic expertise would be and there is a general acknowledgment that It was generally agreed that mediation and create divisions and interfere in democratic forward an action plan with proposals for a tions also play a part in mythbusting setting counter disinformation. and shows the courage to make such as consent, privacy and ownership are Regulation done the right way can accelerate particularly of help. emotions play a strong role in the political gate-keepers are needed. Internet was crea- decision-making. coordinated EU response to the challenge of the record straight on the most persistent the most of them, and creates the changing due to digital technologies. There innovation if it is providing the right incentives realm. ted by scientists, for people with good inten- disinformation. The platforms must now take and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. The Commission intends to facilitate the best and bravest ways to innova- was also a general understanding that self-re- for the type of innovation that you think is Regulation on digital technologies should also tions, but has evolved beyond that sphere The Commission defines disinformation as their fair share of responsibility for ensuring creation of a European multidisciplinary te, will benefit in all areas: social, gulation by private (technology) companies going to lead to progress. One successful be viewed and established through a Professor Andrzej Nowak, from the University now. The public service should pay a stronger 'verifiably false or misleading information free and unbiased speech in Europe. In Member States, Commission Representa- community to foster cooperation between all economic, and political. would not be enough. example is in renewable energies, where cross-sectoral approach, as it will affect all of Warsaw, proceeded to explore the role of role, and scientific advisers should make that is created, presented and disseminated tions also play a part in mythbusting setting involved, in particular independent adopting regulations can force companies to policy areas in the future. Dialogue between narratives in this debate. In fact, studies show special efforts to engage with journalism. for economic gain or to intentionally deceive The Action Plan focuses on four areas to the record straight on the most persistent fact-checkers and academic researchers KRZYSZTOF SZUBERT Within the group two approaches to regula- think differently. all stakeholders in drawing up regulation is Former Secretary of State / Deputy Minister that fake news have their roots in narratives Funding should be included for the creation of the public, and may cause public harm. The build up EU and Member State capabilities and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. involved in the fight against disinformation. of Digital Affairs, Poland. Visiting Fellow, tion dominated the discussion: essential here. This is where Europe has a rather than facts . Debunking can limit the stories and narratives in science, to help aim of disinformation is to distract and divide, and strengthen cooperation: In the rapidly evolving world of disinforma- To this end, the Commission plans to establi- University of Oxford, UK. Strategic Advisor of The central question should be what a regula- great opportunity, because of its diversity and National Research Institute (NASK). Member spread of fake news to new individuals, but it people trust science and its impact on policy. to plant seeds of doubt by distorting and tion, institutions need to continue efforts to sh a European Platform on Disinformation. of the Council of the National Centre for - Radical change; this approach echoed the tory system could look like to sustain respon- its enlightenment tradition. The challenge for may strengthen the beliefs of those who There is a need to build brands and use tricks falsifying facts, thus confusing people and 1) improving detection, analysis and exposu- adapt very quickly, not only to changing The Platform will scale up collaboration Research and Development (NCBR). need to create new institutions, such as an sible technologies, not solely to restrain irres- us as Europeans is how do we create a Euro- already are “believers”. A narratives approach that are not currently at use in the science weakening their faith in institutions and esta- re of disinformation; political circumstances, but also to the chan- between fact-checkers and academic Office of Technology Assessment to develop ponsible ones. Therefore, we need to create a pean model of the internet which asserts our may offer clues on how to reach anti-science world, e.g. the cult of personalities. blished political processes. It is our common ging technological landscape. The use of researchers in order to ensure full coverage new regulations as well as institutions desig- regulatory system which is resilient and flexi- values? We need to shift the balance from the users. More research is needed on narratives duty to defend the core value of freedom of 2) building stronger cooperation and joint 'bots' (online robots that perform repetitive of the Union territory and facilitate the ned for today’s environment; ble, which essentially allows an element of democratic state responding to technologies and fake news, and on strategies for an effec- Sylwia Ufnalska (European Association of expression and to protect European citizens response through a new rapid alert system; tasks based on algorithms) in communication build-up and interconnection of relevant test and learn from the regulatory side as well to the democratic state setting the rules under tive prevention of spread of fake news. Science Editors, EASE) emphasized that one from disinformation. This calls for three-fold is already a reality. In the near future, artificial national organisations, including national - Update/Fine-tune existing rules; the as from the technology side. which technologies play. One of the biggest important step is to encourage good scientific action - effective policy measures to regulate 3) engaging with online platforms and indus- intelligence will also be increasingly used to disinformation centres. Chaired by Professor Alain Strowel, ALLEA intelligence and big data. second approach suggests working with exis- issues here is that most of the technology Key takeaways: Volker Stollorz, Chief Editor and Managing writing and setting standards for this (EASE online content and service providers, innova- try, as per the code of practice signed by carry out communication activities. The EU Working Group Intellectual Property Rights, ting tools, such as anti-trust and data protec- Sometimes regulation is actually really impor- companies are not based in Europe. Director of the German Science Media Centre, Guidelines, freely available in >20 languages ). tive communication to build resilience online platforms, leading social networks, institutions and Member States need to An increasingly influential stream of research are being challenged. This session looked at the session looked at the broader issue of Digitalization is changing everything, at diffe- tion authorities, and use existing frameworks tant in levelling the playing field and giving not · Any regulation or policy should not started by underlining that direct communica- Ufnalska suggested that courses in scientific against disinformation, and the continued advertisers and industry; and continue efforts to adapt to and get ahead of only prohibit but enable, e.g. through demonstrates the importance of cognition, concrete projects and proposals to strengthen policy for technology. There are few things rent speeds—the way businesses operate, the for the current system. just industry and researchers but also the What is also essential in order to tackle the tion between policy and people cuts out two writing based on the Guidelines should be defence of media freedom and pluralism. this new reality. Education systems can play a the creation of reliability and hence emotion and values in political decision-ma- evidence, establish trustworthiness and foster that polarise society more than the issue of way states are governed, and the way people public confidence that appropriate bounda- challenges of regulation is a public dialogue trust; major filters and pillars of the Enlightenment: offered to PhD students and researchers, to 4) raising awareness and empowering part here: The Digital Education Action Plan king. Political cognition is emotionally shaped trust-building. whether the internet should be regulated socialize and communicate with each other. One participant pointed to the problem today ries are being set. The debate around regula- and public conversation about how we want science and journalism. We need these filters promote effective and ethical scientific com- Over the past five years, the EU has streng- citizens through targeted campaigns and could encourage more specialist training in We need better evidence and experti- by certain narratives. This session explored more and if so, in which way. With staunch Economic activity as well as the creation and that the rules differentiating “information” vs tion has been a very technocratic debate so technologies to serve us as a society. How do · to save democracy. How do journalists produ- munication. Secondly, editorial standards for thened its efforts to tackle disinformation. dedicated programmes promoting media artificial intelligence. se on digital technologies, their societal the role of narratives in shaping political deci- This session, chaired by Professor Maria supporters on all sides, this question often delivery of public goods will depend more “advertising” are not enforced on the content far. What has been missing is a recognition we want to shape technologies and how do ce narratives? They do not engage in an argu- science journals should be popularized (e.g. Following March 2015 European Council literacy at European and national level. impact and the effects of regulation; sions, in particular in recent years when entire Baghramian, University College Dublin, retreats to the barricades of basic ethical and more on data. In order to seize the oppor- sharing platforms, allowing to advertise online that regulation could start to address other we want technologies to shape us? ment with, e.g., anti-vaccination campaigners, COPE Guidelines), as journal editors are the conclusions, the East StratCom Task Force In order to continue fighting the increasing societies have made choices that seem “ratio- explored the roles of values and narratives in values and fundamental rights such as free- tunity, Europe has to prepare itself for this or disseminate propaganda under cover in a important questions like the question of trust. · More effective national and internatio- as this is impossible. Rather, they choose to “gatekeepers” who decide what gets publi- was set up in the European External Action Crucially, the fight against disinformation flow of disinformation, Member States and nal cooperation as well as a clearer nally” counterintuitive. Trust is the glue that building shared realities and objectives for dom of speech, privacy and the way to control digital transformation. non-transparent way. One solution could be to Clear rules and regulation can provide an Digitalization is quickly spreading throughout engage with those who doubt, and strengthen shed and what does not. Thirdly, predatory Service (EEAS). Together with the Commis- requires a constant outflow of fact-based institutions need to team up to build on exis- defined division of labour is necessary; holds societies together. It is what allows us to society. and balance those competing objectives. Big focus on the recipient instead of the author environment in which innovation thrives almost every aspect of daily life. It is beco- a process of information-sharing with integrity. journals, which commercially publish sion and EU delegations in non-EU countries, messaging that helps citizens to distinguish ting synergies and pool resources. Together, share information, collaborate and co-create data, advanced analytics, and the Internet of Gianluca Misuraca, Senior Scientist for Digital which could radically change the approach to because regulation can create a high level of ming an integral part of trade, audio-visual · Digital technologies affect all sectors, But there is an urgent need to regulate all the low-quality papers without peer review or the Task Force communicates about Union reality from falsehood. The Commission Member States and EU institutions need to regulation should thus be established joint visions and projects. Today, however, this Giovanni La Placa, from the Joint Research Things are transforming the way we work and Government Transformation at the Joint regulation. Media policy is requested to reliability and therefore trust. services, copyright law, education, foreign other new actors that do not behave demo- editorial judgement, should be exposed and policies in eastern neighbourhood countries, responds to disinformation directly via its make sure that the new rapid alert system is through a cross-sectoral approach. vital component of society is being challen- Centre of the European Commission, presen- organise. This session explored the challen- Research Centre of the European Commission respect and protect media freedom. The There is also another issue: there is no clear policy, and healthcare. The number of public strengthening the media environment and Spokesperson's Service, the Commission fully exploited. Going beyond information ged as trust in institutions, experts and media ted a research idea that will be investigated by ges and opportunities posed by artificial gave an initial overview of the work developed Internet, as well as social and networked evidence around the real impact of digital entities involved in the process of digitalization

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 35

The point was made that it would be extre- mely challenging to control or mediate the internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to fake news.

the JRC over the next few months: values and cratically, e.g. on social media. There is an political identity in a multicultural society. It urgent need to act now. Finally, the market with customised information. supporting media freedom and independen- Representations in the Member States and sharing, a real knowledge community with stems from the acknowledgment that there is approach and the privatisation of science and ce. It improves the EU's capacity to forecast, on social media by drawing on the expertise expertise on the different facets of disinfor- a rise of populism in Europe. Are there values journalism will hinder democracy. These insti- While this environment makes it easier for address and raise awareness about disinfor- of its Network against Disinformation, a mation is needed, drawing insights from in Europe which resonate with extremism? Is tutions should remain public. citizens to interact and express their political mation activities. The Commission has group of Commission mythbusters, data research and Décodeurs de l'Europe - an BOX 4: there a democratic recession? Can economy views, thus contributing to the healthy func- tackled disinformation from the legislative, analysis from social media and insights from initiative academia, fact-checkers, online by be the only factor in explaining the decrease Dr Christoph Glauser, Director of the Institute tioning of democratic societies, it also allows security and communication perspective. In behavioural science. The Commission provi- the Commission Representation platforms, of democracy? Which values are held by EU for Applied Argumentation Research pointed the rapid spread of harmful disinformation the last year, the Commission has underlined des factual and accurate information on its technology experts and in Paris international Legal and Ethical Im- citizens and political movements in Europe? It out that politics and scientists need to urgent- that seeks to disrupt democratic processes. the importance of securing free and fair policies and political priorities as well as partners. The Commission is ready to link up is proposed to set up a European barometer, ly develop better ways of engaging and crea- Evidence shows that foreign state actors are European elections. It has encouraged rebutting any disinformation that seeks to the expertise of its Network against Disinfor- IN DEPTH plications of AI: the EU to help monitor these trends. Values have ting links with people. also increasingly deploying disinformation leading platforms to sign up to a code of mislead European citizens as regards the EU. mation with the rapid alert system and provi- become central in EU institutional discourse strategies to influence societal debates, practice against disinformation and put In Member States, Commission Representa- de a hub for EU policy related content to Perspective and the and there is a general acknowledgment that It was generally agreed that mediation and create divisions and interfere in democratic forward an action plan with proposals for a tions also play a part in mythbusting setting counter disinformation. emotions play a strong role in the political gate-keepers are needed. Internet was crea- decision-making. coordinated EU response to the challenge of the record straight on the most persistent 4 realm. ted by scientists, for people with good inten- disinformation. The platforms must now take and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. The Commission intends to facilitate the Role of Policy tions, but has evolved beyond that sphere The Commission defines disinformation as their fair share of responsibility for ensuring creation of a European multidisciplinary Professor Andrzej Nowak, from the University now. The public service should pay a stronger 'verifiably false or misleading information free and unbiased speech in Europe. In Member States, Commission Representa- community to foster cooperation between all of Warsaw, proceeded to explore the role of role, and scientific advisers should make that is created, presented and disseminated tions also play a part in mythbusting setting involved, in particular independent narratives in this debate. In fact, studies show special efforts to engage with journalism. for economic gain or to intentionally deceive The Action Plan focuses on four areas to the record straight on the most persistent fact-checkers and academic researchers that fake news have their roots in narratives Funding should be included for the creation of the public, and may cause public harm. The build up EU and Member State capabilities and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. involved in the fight against disinformation. rather than facts . Debunking can limit the stories and narratives in science, to help aim of disinformation is to distract and divide, and strengthen cooperation: In the rapidly evolving world of disinforma- To this end, the Commission plans to establi- spread of fake news to new individuals, but it people trust science and its impact on policy. to plant seeds of doubt by distorting and tion, institutions need to continue efforts to sh a European Platform on Disinformation. may strengthen the beliefs of those who There is a need to build brands and use tricks falsifying facts, thus confusing people and 1) improving detection, analysis and exposu- adapt very quickly, not only to changing The Platform will scale up collaboration already are “believers”. A narratives approach that are not currently at use in the science weakening their faith in institutions and esta- re of disinformation; political circumstances, but also to the chan- between fact-checkers and academic may offer clues on how to reach anti-science world, e.g. the cult of personalities. blished political processes. It is our common ging technological landscape. The use of researchers in order to ensure full coverage users. More research is needed on narratives duty to defend the core value of freedom of 2) building stronger cooperation and joint 'bots' (online robots that perform repetitive of the Union territory and facilitate the and fake news, and on strategies for an effec- Sylwia Ufnalska (European Association of expression and to protect European citizens response through a new rapid alert system; tasks based on algorithms) in communication build-up and interconnection of relevant tive prevention of spread of fake news. Science Editors, EASE) emphasized that one from disinformation. This calls for three-fold is already a reality. In the near future, artificial national organisations, including national A direct consequence of the potential risks for a high level of data protection, digital important step is to encourage good scientific action - effective policy measures to regulate 3) engaging with online platforms and indus- intelligence will also be increasingly used to disinformation centres. associated with the massive introduction of rights and ethical standards in AI and robo- Volker Stollorz, Chief Editor and Managing writing and setting standards for this (EASE online content and service providers, innova- try, as per the code of practice signed by carry out communication activities. The EU AI is the discussion of whether AI needs to be tics already in December 2017 (European Group on Ethics in Science and New Techno- Director of the German Science Media Centre, Guidelines, freely available in >20 languages ). tive communication to build resilience online platforms, leading social networks, institutions and Member States need to regulated at this stage or in the near future, An increasingly influential stream of research are being challenged. This session looked at logies, 2018) and set out an ecosystem for started by underlining that direct communica- Ufnalska suggested that courses in scientific against disinformation, and the continued advertisers and industry; and continue efforts to adapt to and get ahead of and in which manner. There are moves advo- demonstrates the importance of cognition, concrete projects and proposals to strengthen nurturing a distinctive form of AI that is tion between policy and people cuts out two writing based on the Guidelines should be defence of media freedom and pluralism. this new reality. Education systems can play a cating specific regulation in both the USA emotion and values in political decision-ma- evidence, establish trustworthiness and foster ethically robust and protects the rights of major filters and pillars of the Enlightenment: offered to PhD students and researchers, to 4) raising awareness and empowering part here: The Digital Education Action Plan and the EU, each taking a different path, king. Political cognition is emotionally shaped trust-building. individuals, firms, and society at large. For science and journalism. We need these filters promote effective and ethical scientific com- Over the past five years, the EU has streng- citizens through targeted campaigns and could encourage more specialist training in while the existence of such avenue in China by certain narratives. This session explored example, the General Data Protection Regu- to save democracy. How do journalists produ- munication. Secondly, editorial standards for thened its efforts to tackle disinformation. dedicated programmes promoting media artificial intelligence. is still unclear. the role of narratives in shaping political deci- This session, chaired by Professor Maria lation (GDPR), opposed by many during ce narratives? They do not engage in an argu- science journals should be popularized (e.g. Following March 2015 European Council literacy at European and national level. sions, in particular in recent years when entire Baghramian, University College Dublin, preparation, is now perceived as a European ment with, e.g., anti-vaccination campaigners, COPE Guidelines), as journal editors are the conclusions, the East StratCom Task Force In order to continue fighting the increasing But, beyond mere regulation, it is clear that societies have made choices that seem “ratio- explored the roles of values and narratives in asset, inspiring similar approaches outside as this is impossible. Rather, they choose to “gatekeepers” who decide what gets publi- was set up in the European External Action Crucially, the fight against disinformation flow of disinformation, Member States and there is a political and ethical divide between nally” counterintuitive. Trust is the glue that building shared realities and objectives for Europe. engage with those who doubt, and strengthen shed and what does not. Thirdly, predatory Service (EEAS). Together with the Commis- requires a constant outflow of fact-based institutions need to team up to build on exis- China, USA and the EU on the regulatory and holds societies together. It is what allows us to society. a process of information-sharing with integrity. journals, which commercially publish sion and EU delegations in non-EU countries, messaging that helps citizens to distinguish ting synergies and pool resources. Together, lawful usage of AI. In a way it has been share information, collaborate and co-create At the same time, building on calls to imple- But there is an urgent need to regulate all the low-quality papers without peer review or the Task Force communicates about Union reality from falsehood. The Commission Member States and EU institutions need to argued that there could be a trade-off joint visions and projects. Today, however, this Giovanni La Placa, from the Joint Research ment key ethical principles in AI such as other new actors that do not behave demo- editorial judgement, should be exposed and policies in eastern neighbourhood countries, responds to disinformation directly via its make sure that the new rapid alert system is between availability of data on citizens beha- vital component of society is being challen- Centre of the European Commission, presen- beneficence, non-maleficence, the power to strengthening the media environment and Spokesperson's Service, the Commission fully exploited. Going beyond information viour and democracy (Larson, 2018). ged as trust in institutions, experts and media ted a research idea that will be investigated by In this connection, the EU declared the need

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 36

The point was made that it would be extre- mely challenging to control or mediate the internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to fake news.

decide, justice and explicability (Floridi et al., sed, thus paving the way to real-time infor- the JRC over the next few months: values and cratically, e.g. on social media. There is an 2018), the Commission established the med policy-making based on predictive political identity in a multicultural society. It urgent need to act now. Finally, the market with customised information. supporting media freedom and independen- Representations in the Member States and sharing, a real knowledge community with High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelli- analytics and next generation computational stems from the acknowledgment that there is approach and the privatisation of science and ce. It improves the EU's capacity to forecast, on social media by drawing on the expertise expertise on the different facets of disinfor- gence (AI HLEG) and mandated it with draf- modelling. a rise of populism in Europe. Are there values journalism will hinder democracy. These insti- While this environment makes it easier for address and raise awareness about disinfor- of its Network against Disinformation, a mation is needed, drawing insights from ting the AI Ethics Guidelines. The guidelines in Europe which resonate with extremism? Is tutions should remain public. citizens to interact and express their political mation activities. The Commission has group of Commission mythbusters, data research and Décodeurs de l'Europe - an serve to shape a shared process towards In this context, building on the declaration of there a democratic recession? Can economy views, thus contributing to the healthy func- tackled disinformation from the legislative, analysis from social media and insights from initiative academia, fact-checkers, online by defining a common, internationally recogni- cooperation on AI adopted by all EU Member be the only factor in explaining the decrease Dr Christoph Glauser, Director of the Institute tioning of democratic societies, it also allows security and communication perspective. In behavioural science. The Commission provi- the Commission Representation platforms, zed, ethical and legal framework for the States, Norway and Switzerland on 10 April of democracy? Which values are held by EU for Applied Argumentation Research pointed the rapid spread of harmful disinformation the last year, the Commission has underlined des factual and accurate information on its technology experts and in Paris international design, production, use and governance of 2018 the Communication “Artificial Intelligen- citizens and political movements in Europe? It out that politics and scientists need to urgent- that seeks to disrupt democratic processes. the importance of securing free and fair policies and political priorities as well as partners. The Commission is ready to link up AI, robotics, and “autonomous” systems, and ce for Europe” of 25 April 2018 proposed to is proposed to set up a European barometer, ly develop better ways of engaging and crea- Evidence shows that foreign state actors are European elections. It has encouraged rebutting any disinformation that seeks to the expertise of its Network against Disinfor- beyond them the whole technological deve- design a joint European strategy and a Coor- to help monitor these trends. Values have ting links with people. also increasingly deploying disinformation leading platforms to sign up to a code of mislead European citizens as regards the EU. mation with the rapid alert system and provi- lopment of AI. dinated Plan on the Development and Use of become central in EU institutional discourse strategies to influence societal debates, practice against disinformation and put In Member States, Commission Representa- de a hub for EU policy related content to AI, then adopted on 7 December 2018. and there is a general acknowledgment that It was generally agreed that mediation and create divisions and interfere in democratic forward an action plan with proposals for a tions also play a part in mythbusting setting counter disinformation. These principles underpin the Policy and The coordinated plan provides a strategic emotions play a strong role in the political gate-keepers are needed. Internet was crea- decision-making. coordinated EU response to the challenge of the record straight on the most persistent Investment Recommendations that are framework for national AI strategies and realm. ted by scientists, for people with good inten- disinformation. The platforms must now take and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. The Commission intends to facilitate the being prepared by the AI HLEG and which is encourages all Member States to develop tions, but has evolved beyond that sphere The Commission defines disinformation as their fair share of responsibility for ensuring creation of a European multidisciplinary anticipated will be based upon an AI that has their strategy, building on the work done at Professor Andrzej Nowak, from the University now. The public service should pay a stronger 'verifiably false or misleading information free and unbiased speech in Europe. In Member States, Commission Representa- community to foster cooperation between all an ethical purpose and technical robustness. the European level. These are expected to of Warsaw, proceeded to explore the role of role, and scientific advisers should make that is created, presented and disseminated tions also play a part in mythbusting setting involved, in particular independent Those two components are critical to enable outline investment levels and implementa- narratives in this debate. In fact, studies show special efforts to engage with journalism. for economic gain or to intentionally deceive The Action Plan focuses on four areas to the record straight on the most persistent fact-checkers and academic researchers responsible competitiveness, as it will gene- tion measures, while common indicators to that fake news have their roots in narratives Funding should be included for the creation of the public, and may cause public harm. The build up EU and Member State capabilities and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. involved in the fight against disinformation. rate user trust and, hence, facilitate AI’s monitor AI uptake and development, as well rather than facts . Debunking can limit the stories and narratives in science, to help aim of disinformation is to distract and divide, and strengthen cooperation: In the rapidly evolving world of disinforma- To this end, the Commission plans to establi- uptake. as the success rate of the strategies in place spread of fake news to new individuals, but it people trust science and its impact on policy. to plant seeds of doubt by distorting and tion, institutions need to continue efforts to sh a European Platform on Disinformation. will be ensured with the support of the Joint may strengthen the beliefs of those who There is a need to build brands and use tricks falsifying facts, thus confusing people and 1) improving detection, analysis and exposu- adapt very quickly, not only to changing The Platform will scale up collaboration Indeed, policy, not regulation, is the key Research Centre through the AI WATCH . already are “believers”. A narratives approach that are not currently at use in the science weakening their faith in institutions and esta- re of disinformation; political circumstances, but also to the chan- between fact-checkers and academic constituent of future decisions on AI. AI is in As part of the AI WATCH, a specific Task (6) is may offer clues on how to reach anti-science world, e.g. the cult of personalities. blished political processes. It is our common ging technological landscape. The use of researchers in order to ensure full coverage fact, raising ethical issues that will challenge devoted to provide an Overview and Analysis users. More research is needed on narratives duty to defend the core value of freedom of 2) building stronger cooperation and joint 'bots' (online robots that perform repetitive of the Union territory and facilitate the the collective preferences of each world of the Use and Impact of AI in Public Servi- and fake news, and on strategies for an effec- Sylwia Ufnalska (European Association of expression and to protect European citizens response through a new rapid alert system; tasks based on algorithms) in communication build-up and interconnection of relevant region. These preferences in Europe are ces. AI in fact can contribute increasing the tive prevention of spread of fake news. Science Editors, EASE) emphasized that one from disinformation. This calls for three-fold is already a reality. In the near future, artificial national organisations, including national largely at odds with the USA or China, and quality and consistency of services delivered important step is to encourage good scientific action - effective policy measures to regulate 3) engaging with online platforms and indus- intelligence will also be increasingly used to disinformation centres. existing policy frameworks are not well-sui- in a variety of ways, it can also improve the Volker Stollorz, Chief Editor and Managing writing and setting standards for this (EASE online content and service providers, innova- try, as per the code of practice signed by carry out communication activities. The EU ted to the task of preserving the differences. design and implementation of policy measu- Director of the German Science Media Centre, Guidelines, freely available in >20 languages ). tive communication to build resilience online platforms, leading social networks, institutions and Member States need to An increasingly influential stream of research are being challenged. This session looked at It is thus crucial to understand how policy res, allow more efficient and targeted inter- started by underlining that direct communica- Ufnalska suggested that courses in scientific against disinformation, and the continued advertisers and industry; and continue efforts to adapt to and get ahead of demonstrates the importance of cognition, concrete projects and proposals to strengthen makers and regulators shall cope with the ventions, enhance the efficiency and effecti- tion between policy and people cuts out two writing based on the Guidelines should be defence of media freedom and pluralism. this new reality. Education systems can play a emotion and values in political decision-ma- evidence, establish trustworthiness and foster changes that AI-enabled services are brin- veness of public procurement, strengthen major filters and pillars of the Enlightenment: offered to PhD students and researchers, to 4) raising awareness and empowering part here: The Digital Education Action Plan king. Political cognition is emotionally shaped trust-building. ging to society and in particular how they can security, improve health and employment science and journalism. We need these filters promote effective and ethical scientific com- Over the past five years, the EU has streng- citizens through targeted campaigns and could encourage more specialist training in by certain narratives. This session explored enhance quality of public services of general services and facilitate the interaction with to save democracy. How do journalists produ- munication. Secondly, editorial standards for thened its efforts to tackle disinformation. dedicated programmes promoting media artificial intelligence. the role of narratives in shaping political deci- This session, chaired by Professor Maria interest, in particular personal services. wider audiences, for example by enabling ce narratives? They do not engage in an argu- science journals should be popularized (e.g. Following March 2015 European Council literacy at European and national level. sions, in particular in recent years when entire Baghramian, University College Dublin, Along this line, it is thus imperative to look at smarter analytical capabilities and better ment with, e.g., anti-vaccination campaigners, COPE Guidelines), as journal editors are the conclusions, the East StratCom Task Force In order to continue fighting the increasing societies have made choices that seem “ratio- explored the roles of values and narratives in the legal and data governance aspects of the understanding of real-time processes, and as this is impossible. Rather, they choose to “gatekeepers” who decide what gets publi- was set up in the European External Action Crucially, the fight against disinformation flow of disinformation, Member States and nally” counterintuitive. Trust is the glue that building shared realities and objectives for use of AI and the potential it can hold for civic delivering shorter and richer feedback loops engage with those who doubt, and strengthen shed and what does not. Thirdly, predatory Service (EEAS). Together with the Commis- requires a constant outflow of fact-based institutions need to team up to build on exis- holds societies together. It is what allows us to society. empowerment. AI in fact is not only a policy for all levels of governance. a process of information-sharing with integrity. journals, which commercially publish sion and EU delegations in non-EU countries, messaging that helps citizens to distinguish ting synergies and pool resources. Together, share information, collaborate and co-create challenge to be tackled, but also an opportu- But there is an urgent need to regulate all the low-quality papers without peer review or the Task Force communicates about Union reality from falsehood. The Commission Member States and EU institutions need to joint visions and projects. Today, however, this Giovanni La Placa, from the Joint Research nity to empower individuals and civil society The legal and ethical implications of AI use other new actors that do not behave demo- editorial judgement, should be exposed and policies in eastern neighbourhood countries, responds to disinformation directly via its make sure that the new rapid alert system is vital component of society is being challen- Centre of the European Commission, presen- as it offer a tremendous potential for innova- are thus of key importance for the operations strengthening the media environment and Spokesperson's Service, the Commission fully exploited. Going beyond information ged as trust in institutions, experts and media ted a research idea that will be investigated by ting the way data are gathered and proces- of government and the delivery of fair and

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 37

The point was made that it would be extre- mely challenging to control or mediate the internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to fake news.

inclusive public services. At the same time, advance. Mission-oriented innovation could the JRC over the next few months: values and cratically, e.g. on social media. There is an the public sector plays a central role in be one practical framework that ties together political identity in a multicultural society. It urgent need to act now. Finally, the market with customised information. supporting media freedom and independen- Representations in the Member States and sharing, a real knowledge community with defining the regulatory mechanisms and ambitious agenda setting, and flexible toolkit stems from the acknowledgment that there is approach and the privatisation of science and ce. It improves the EU's capacity to forecast, on social media by drawing on the expertise expertise on the different facets of disinfor- technical solutions for further development for achieving goals at hand, and aiming to a rise of populism in Europe. Are there values journalism will hinder democracy. These insti- While this environment makes it easier for address and raise awareness about disinfor- of its Network against Disinformation, a mation is needed, drawing insights from of AI based systems across society. As a answer questions such as: What goals in Europe which resonate with extremism? Is tutions should remain public. citizens to interact and express their political mation activities. The Commission has group of Commission mythbusters, data research and Décodeurs de l'Europe - an matter of fact, since policies and regulations should public sector organizations pursue there a democratic recession? Can economy views, thus contributing to the healthy func- tackled disinformation from the legislative, analysis from social media and insights from initiative academia, fact-checkers, online by are made to guide human behaviours, the when commissioning automated decision be the only factor in explaining the decrease Dr Christoph Glauser, Director of the Institute tioning of democratic societies, it also allows security and communication perspective. In behavioural science. The Commission provi- the Commission Representation platforms, use of AI both for enhancing services to systems? Whose benefits should be prioriti- of democracy? Which values are held by EU for Applied Argumentation Research pointed the rapid spread of harmful disinformation the last year, the Commission has underlined des factual and accurate information on its technology experts and in Paris international citizens and monitor/control human activi- zed? citizens and political movements in Europe? It out that politics and scientists need to urgent- that seeks to disrupt democratic processes. the importance of securing free and fair policies and political priorities as well as partners. The Commission is ready to link up ties has implications in the way these This in turn could ultimately contribute stren- is proposed to set up a European barometer, ly develop better ways of engaging and crea- Evidence shows that foreign state actors are European elections. It has encouraged rebutting any disinformation that seeks to the expertise of its Network against Disinfor- systems are designed and controlled. gthening government 'legitimacy' in the to help monitor these trends. Values have ting links with people. also increasingly deploying disinformation leading platforms to sign up to a code of mislead European citizens as regards the EU. mation with the rapid alert system and provi- digital world and increasing trust between become central in EU institutional discourse strategies to influence societal debates, practice against disinformation and put In Member States, Commission Representa- de a hub for EU policy related content to However, despite a vast body of work on citizens and a more "humane government". and there is a general acknowledgment that It was generally agreed that mediation and create divisions and interfere in democratic forward an action plan with proposals for a tions also play a part in mythbusting setting counter disinformation. Decision Support Systems and Human Com- emotions play a strong role in the political gate-keepers are needed. Internet was crea- decision-making. coordinated EU response to the challenge of the record straight on the most persistent puter Interaction, the dilemmas policy- realm. ted by scientists, for people with good inten- disinformation. The platforms must now take and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. The Commission intends to facilitate the makers are currently facing are far from strai- tions, but has evolved beyond that sphere The Commission defines disinformation as their fair share of responsibility for ensuring creation of a European multidisciplinary ghtforward and binary: If a police depart- Professor Andrzej Nowak, from the University now. The public service should pay a stronger 'verifiably false or misleading information free and unbiased speech in Europe. In Member States, Commission Representa- community to foster cooperation between all ment turns to a machine learned predictive of Warsaw, proceeded to explore the role of role, and scientific advisers should make that is created, presented and disseminated tions also play a part in mythbusting setting involved, in particular independent model to anticipate crime risk in different narratives in this debate. In fact, studies show special efforts to engage with journalism. for economic gain or to intentionally deceive The Action Plan focuses on four areas to the record straight on the most persistent fact-checkers and academic researchers parts of a city, they face a range of debates. A that fake news have their roots in narratives Funding should be included for the creation of the public, and may cause public harm. The build up EU and Member State capabilities and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. involved in the fight against disinformation. desired end might be to treat all crime equa- rather than facts . Debunking can limit the stories and narratives in science, to help aim of disinformation is to distract and divide, and strengthen cooperation: In the rapidly evolving world of disinforma- To this end, the Commission plans to establi- lly. But does that imply police should focus spread of fake news to new individuals, but it people trust science and its impact on policy. to plant seeds of doubt by distorting and tion, institutions need to continue efforts to sh a European Platform on Disinformation. resources on areas of high crime at the may strengthen the beliefs of those who There is a need to build brands and use tricks falsifying facts, thus confusing people and 1) improving detection, analysis and exposu- adapt very quickly, not only to changing The Platform will scale up collaboration expense of those with low crime, to maximise already are “believers”. A narratives approach that are not currently at use in the science weakening their faith in institutions and esta- re of disinformation; political circumstances, but also to the chan- between fact-checkers and academic total arrests? Or does it mean that a crime in may offer clues on how to reach anti-science world, e.g. the cult of personalities. blished political processes. It is our common ging technological landscape. The use of researchers in order to ensure full coverage a low-risk area is just as likely to be interve- users. More research is needed on narratives duty to defend the core value of freedom of 2) building stronger cooperation and joint 'bots' (online robots that perform repetitive of the Union territory and facilitate the ned in as a crime in a high risk area? Areas and fake news, and on strategies for an effec- Sylwia Ufnalska (European Association of expression and to protect European citizens response through a new rapid alert system; tasks based on algorithms) in communication build-up and interconnection of relevant conceived of as ‘high risk’ are rarely distribu- tive prevention of spread of fake news. Science Editors, EASE) emphasized that one from disinformation. This calls for three-fold is already a reality. In the near future, artificial national organisations, including national ted at random, coupled instead to communi- important step is to encourage good scientific action - effective policy measures to regulate 3) engaging with online platforms and indus- intelligence will also be increasingly used to disinformation centres. ties with different demographic or vulnerabi- Volker Stollorz, Chief Editor and Managing writing and setting standards for this (EASE online content and service providers, innova- try, as per the code of practice signed by carry out communication activities. The EU lity distributions. Director of the German Science Media Centre, Guidelines, freely available in >20 languages ). tive communication to build resilience online platforms, leading social networks, institutions and Member States need to An increasingly influential stream of research are being challenged. This session looked at started by underlining that direct communica- Ufnalska suggested that courses in scientific against disinformation, and the continued advertisers and industry; and continue efforts to adapt to and get ahead of demonstrates the importance of cognition, concrete projects and proposals to strengthen The means are also unclear. Should models tion between policy and people cuts out two writing based on the Guidelines should be defence of media freedom and pluralism. this new reality. Education systems can play a emotion and values in political decision-ma- evidence, establish trustworthiness and foster be used to increase preventative measures, major filters and pillars of the Enlightenment: offered to PhD students and researchers, to 4) raising awareness and empowering part here: The Digital Education Action Plan king. Political cognition is emotionally shaped trust-building. such as community policing, or to heighten science and journalism. We need these filters promote effective and ethical scientific com- Over the past five years, the EU has streng- citizens through targeted campaigns and could encourage more specialist training in by certain narratives. This session explored response capacity after crimes have been to save democracy. How do journalists produ- munication. Secondly, editorial standards for thened its efforts to tackle disinformation. dedicated programmes promoting media artificial intelligence. the role of narratives in shaping political deci- This session, chaired by Professor Maria reported? ce narratives? They do not engage in an argu- science journals should be popularized (e.g. Following March 2015 European Council literacy at European and national level. sions, in particular in recent years when entire Baghramian, University College Dublin, ment with, e.g., anti-vaccination campaigners, COPE Guidelines), as journal editors are the conclusions, the East StratCom Task Force In order to continue fighting the increasing societies have made choices that seem “ratio- explored the roles of values and narratives in Having these conversations - about the ends as this is impossible. Rather, they choose to “gatekeepers” who decide what gets publi- was set up in the European External Action Crucially, the fight against disinformation flow of disinformation, Member States and nally” counterintuitive. Trust is the glue that building shared realities and objectives for and means - while acknowledging the engage with those who doubt, and strengthen shed and what does not. Thirdly, predatory Service (EEAS). Together with the Commis- requires a constant outflow of fact-based institutions need to team up to build on exis- holds societies together. It is what allows us to society. trade-offs and communicating with the a process of information-sharing with integrity. journals, which commercially publish sion and EU delegations in non-EU countries, messaging that helps citizens to distinguish ting synergies and pool resources. Together, 4 Extract from the Background paper prepared for the speech share information, collaborate and co-create populations at stake cannot be substituted by Gianluca Misuraca, Senior Scientist at the European But there is an urgent need to regulate all the low-quality papers without peer review or the Task Force communicates about Union reality from falsehood. The Commission Member States and EU institutions need to Commission's Joint Research Centre, Digital Economy Unit, joint visions and projects. Today, however, this Giovanni La Placa, from the Joint Research by the creation of any indicators. Yet, a useful other new actors that do not behave demo- editorial judgement, should be exposed and policies in eastern neighbourhood countries, responds to disinformation directly via its make sure that the new rapid alert system is and Leader of the AI WATCH Task 6 – Use and Impact of AI in vital component of society is being challen- Centre of the European Commission, presen- starting point is to think about the states of Public Services, at the Re-Imagine ALLEA Forum on strengthening the media environment and Spokesperson's Service, the Commission fully exploited. Going beyond information Democracy in the Digital Society – Berlin, 24/01/2019. ged as trust in institutions, experts and media ted a research idea that will be investigated by the world such interventions are set to 5 https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/ai-watch_en

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 38

The point was made that it would be extre- mely challenging to control or mediate the internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to fake news.

NARRATIVES citizens and political movements in Europe? It out that politics and scientists need to urgent- that seeks to disrupt democratic processes. the importance of securing free and fair policies and political priorities as well as partners. The Commission is ready to link up is proposed to set up a European barometer, ly develop better ways of engaging and crea- Evidence shows that foreign state actors are European elections. It has encouraged rebutting any disinformation that seeks to the expertise of its Network against Disinfor- to help monitor these trends. Values have ting links with people. also increasingly deploying disinformation leading platforms to sign up to a code of mislead European citizens as regards the EU. mation with the rapid alert system and provi- become central in EU institutional discourse strategies to influence societal debates, practice against disinformation and put In Member States, Commission Representa- de a hub for EU policy related content to and there is a general acknowledgment that It was generally agreed that mediation and create divisions and interfere in democratic forward an action plan with proposals for a tions also play a part in mythbusting setting counter disinformation. emotions play a strong role in the political gate-keepers are needed. Internet was crea- decision-making. coordinated EU response to the challenge of the record straight on the most persistent realm. ted by scientists, for people with good inten- disinformation. The platforms must now take and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. The Commission intends to facilitate the tions, but has evolved beyond that sphere The Commission defines disinformation as their fair share of responsibility for ensuring creation of a European multidisciplinary Professor Andrzej Nowak, from the University now. The public service should pay a stronger 'verifiably false or misleading information free and unbiased speech in Europe. In Member States, Commission Representa- community to foster cooperation between all of Warsaw, proceeded to explore the role of role, and scientific advisers should make that is created, presented and disseminated tions also play a part in mythbusting setting involved, in particular independent narratives in this debate. In fact, studies show special efforts to engage with journalism. for economic gain or to intentionally deceive The Action Plan focuses on four areas to the record straight on the most persistent fact-checkers and academic researchers that fake news have their roots in narratives Funding should be included for the creation of the public, and may cause public harm. The build up EU and Member State capabilities and commonplace falsehoods about the EU. involved in the fight against disinformation. rather than facts . Debunking can limit the stories and narratives in science, to help aim of disinformation is to distract and divide, and strengthen cooperation: In the rapidly evolving world of disinforma- To this end, the Commission plans to establi- Defining the World and spread of fake news to new individuals, but it people trust science and its impact on policy. to plant seeds of doubt by distorting and tion, institutions need to continue efforts to sh a European Platform on Disinformation. may strengthen the beliefs of those who There is a need to build brands and use tricks falsifying facts, thus confusing people and 1) improving detection, analysis and exposu- adapt very quickly, not only to changing The Platform will scale up collaboration already are “believers”. A narratives approach that are not currently at use in the science weakening their faith in institutions and esta- re of disinformation; political circumstances, but also to the chan- between fact-checkers and academic Trust in Governance, may offer clues on how to reach anti-science world, e.g. the cult of personalities. blished political processes. It is our common ging technological landscape. The use of researchers in order to ensure full coverage users. More research is needed on narratives duty to defend the core value of freedom of 2) building stronger cooperation and joint 'bots' (online robots that perform repetitive of the Union territory and facilitate the Science and Expertise and fake news, and on strategies for an effec- Sylwia Ufnalska (European Association of expression and to protect European citizens response through a new rapid alert system; tasks based on algorithms) in communication build-up and interconnection of relevant tive prevention of spread of fake news. Science Editors, EASE) emphasized that one from disinformation. This calls for three-fold is already a reality. In the near future, artificial national organisations, including national important step is to encourage good scientific action - effective policy measures to regulate 3) engaging with online platforms and indus- intelligence will also be increasingly used to disinformation centres. Volker Stollorz, Chief Editor and Managing writing and setting standards for this (EASE online content and service providers, innova- try, as per the code of practice signed by carry out communication activities. The EU Director of the German Science Media Centre, Guidelines, freely available in >20 languages ). tive communication to build resilience online platforms, leading social networks, institutions and Member States need to An increasingly influential stream of research are being challenged. This session looked at started by underlining that direct communica- Ufnalska suggested that courses in scientific against disinformation, and the continued advertisers and industry; and continue efforts to adapt to and get ahead of demonstrates the importance of cognition, concrete projects and proposals to strengthen tion between policy and people cuts out two writing based on the Guidelines should be defence of media freedom and pluralism. this new reality. Education systems can play a emotion and values in political decision-ma- evidence, establish trustworthiness and foster major filters and pillars of the Enlightenment: offered to PhD students and researchers, to 4) raising awareness and empowering part here: The Digital Education Action Plan king. Political cognition is emotionally shaped trust-building. science and journalism. We need these filters promote effective and ethical scientific com- Over the past five years, the EU has streng- citizens through targeted campaigns and could encourage more specialist training in by certain narratives. This session explored to save democracy. How do journalists produ- munication. Secondly, editorial standards for thened its efforts to tackle disinformation. dedicated programmes promoting media artificial intelligence. the role of narratives in shaping political deci- This session, chaired by Professor Maria ce narratives? They do not engage in an argu- science journals should be popularized (e.g. Following March 2015 European Council literacy at European and national level. sions, in particular in recent years when entire Baghramian, University College Dublin, ment with, e.g., anti-vaccination campaigners, COPE Guidelines), as journal editors are the conclusions, the East StratCom Task Force In order to continue fighting the increasing societies have made choices that seem “ratio- explored the roles of values and narratives in as this is impossible. Rather, they choose to “gatekeepers” who decide what gets publi- was set up in the European External Action Crucially, the fight against disinformation flow of disinformation, Member States and nally” counterintuitive. Trust is the glue that building shared realities and objectives for engage with those who doubt, and strengthen shed and what does not. Thirdly, predatory Service (EEAS). Together with the Commis- requires a constant outflow of fact-based institutions need to team up to build on exis- holds societies together. It is what allows us to society. a process of information-sharing with integrity. journals, which commercially publish sion and EU delegations in non-EU countries, messaging that helps citizens to distinguish ting synergies and pool resources. Together, share information, collaborate and co-create But there is an urgent need to regulate all the low-quality papers without peer review or the Task Force communicates about Union reality from falsehood. The Commission Member States and EU institutions need to joint visions and projects. Today, however, this Giovanni La Placa, from the Joint Research other new actors that do not behave demo- editorial judgement, should be exposed and policies in eastern neighbourhood countries, responds to disinformation directly via its make sure that the new rapid alert system is vital component of society is being challen- Centre of the European Commission, presen- strengthening the media environment and Spokesperson's Service, the Commission fully exploited. Going beyond information ged as trust in institutions, experts and media ted a research idea that will be investigated by

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 39

The point was made that it would be extre- mely challenging to control or mediate the internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to fake news.

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 40

The point was made that it would be extre- mely challenging to control or mediate the internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to fake news.

It was mentioned that in Europe one person out of six has a low literacy level, and that reaching out to this public in a digital world demands inclusive tools. the JRC over the next few months: values and cratically, e.g. on social media. There is an political identity in a multicultural society. It urgent need to act now. Finally, the market stems from the acknowledgment that there is approach and the privatisation of science and a rise of populism in Europe. Are there values journalism will hinder democracy. These insti- in Europe which resonate with extremism? Is tutions should remain public. there a democratic recession? Can economy be the only factor in explaining the decrease Dr Christoph Glauser, Director of the Institute of democracy? Which values are held by EU for Applied Argumentation Research pointed citizens and political movements in Europe? It out that politics and scientists need to urgent- is proposed to set up a European barometer, ly develop better ways of engaging and crea- to help monitor these trends. Values have ting links with people. become central in EU institutional discourse and there is a general acknowledgment that It was generally agreed that mediation and emotions play a strong role in the political gate-keepers are needed. Internet was crea- realm. ted by scientists, for people with good inten- tions, but has evolved beyond that sphere Professor Andrzej Nowak, from the University now. The public service should pay a stronger of Warsaw, proceeded to explore the role of role, and scientific advisers should make narratives in this debate. In fact, studies show special efforts to engage with journalism. that fake news have their roots in narratives Funding should be included for the creation of rather than facts . Debunking can limit the stories and narratives in science, to help spread of fake news to new individuals, but it people trust science and its impact on policy. may strengthen the beliefs of those who There is a need to build brands and use tricks already are “believers”. A narratives approach that are not currently at use in the science may offer clues on how to reach anti-science world, e.g. the cult of personalities. users. More research is needed on narratives and fake news, and on strategies for an effec- Sylwia Ufnalska (European Association of tive prevention of spread of fake news. Science Editors, EASE) emphasized that one important step is to encourage good scientific Volker Stollorz, Chief Editor and Managing writing and setting standards for this (EASE Director of the German Science Media Centre, Guidelines, freely available in >20 languages ). An increasingly influential stream of research are being challenged. This session looked at started by underlining that direct communica- Ufnalska suggested that courses in scientific demonstrates the importance of cognition, concrete projects and proposals to strengthen tion between policy and people cuts out two writing based on the Guidelines should be emotion and values in political decision-ma- evidence, establish trustworthiness and foster major filters and pillars of the Enlightenment: offered to PhD students and researchers, to king. Political cognition is emotionally shaped trust-building. science and journalism. We need these filters promote effective and ethical scientific com- by certain narratives. This session explored to save democracy. How do journalists produ- munication. Secondly, editorial standards for the role of narratives in shaping political deci- This session, chaired by Professor Maria ce narratives? They do not engage in an argu- science journals should be popularized (e.g. sions, in particular in recent years when entire Baghramian, University College Dublin, ment with, e.g., anti-vaccination campaigners, COPE Guidelines), as journal editors are the societies have made choices that seem “ratio- explored the roles of values and narratives in as this is impossible. Rather, they choose to “gatekeepers” who decide what gets publi- nally” counterintuitive. Trust is the glue that building shared realities and objectives for engage with those who doubt, and strengthen shed and what does not. Thirdly, predatory holds societies together. It is what allows us to society. a process of information-sharing with integrity. journals, which commercially publish share information, collaborate and co-create But there is an urgent need to regulate all the low-quality papers without peer review or joint visions and projects. Today, however, this Giovanni La Placa, from the Joint Research other new actors that do not behave demo- editorial judgement, should be exposed and vital component of society is being challen- Centre of the European Commission, presen- ged as trust in institutions, experts and media ted a research idea that will be investigated by

condemned. Fourthly, continuous development of critical and analytical thinking skills at Christophe GLAUSER Joe LYNAM all levels of education is crucial. Last but not Director of the Institute IFAAR, Institute for Applied Disinformation Specialist at the EU Commission least, reduction of the bureaucratic workload Argumentation Research former BBC Broadcaster of scientists is necessary. For example, there is Anthony GOOCH Lorenzo MARSILI a need for implementing more freedom of Director of Public Affairs & Communications at the Director of European Alternatives Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop- choice of science translators and author’s ment (OECD) Maria Grazia MATTEI Andrea ALMEIDA CORDERO Luca DE BIASE editors by scientists for their manuscripts Founder and President at MEET – Fondazione Cariplo Member of Cabinet / Personal Assistant to Commis- Media Ecology Director of Re-Imagine Europe and Jonathan HACKENBROICH before submission to a journal. sioner Mariya Gabriel Chief Editor of Nòva24 – Il Sole 24 Ore European Council of Foreign Relations (ECFR) Luisa MEISEL Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and Laure ANSQUER Jens DEGETT Bernd HALLING the Media, Germany The question was raised, whether this debate Avocat à la Cour President of the European Union of Science Journa- Head of Corporate Policy and Strategy at Bayer lists’ Associations could realistically be taken to the EU level. It Catherine MILLER Elisabeth ARDAILLON-POIRER Isabella HERMANN Director of Policy at Doteveryone made no doubt that citizens develop a sense Senior Policy Adviser of the European Political Sara DIEFENBACH Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Strategy Centre of the European Commission Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and of agency and ownership at national level, but Humanities Gianluca MISURACA the Media, Germany Senior Scientist at the European Commission’s Joint are European values strong enough and Maria BAGHRAMIAN Stijn HOORENS Research Centre Professor in the School of Philosophy at University Paul-Jasper DITTRICH shared to extrapolate these issues at EU Director RAND Europe College Dublin Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Institute Berlin level? Arnau MONTERDE Martin HYNES Open University of Catalunya and responsible for François BALATE Luke DRURY President of the European Science Foundation Innovation, Development and Policy & Advocacy Director at the European Youth Professor Emeritus at Dublin Institute for Advanced The point was made that it would be extre- Research on Participation in Barcelona. Forum Studies mely challenging to control or mediate the Susanna IRLES ALLEA Communications and Media Relations Officer Christal MOREHOUSE Brando BENIFEI Jérôme DUBERRY internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to Senior Program Officer at the Open Society Initiative Member of the European Parliament and Member of Centre de Compétences Dusan Sidjanski en Etudes Wolfgang JAMANN for Europe (OSIFE) fake news. the European Internet Forum Européennes of the University of Geneva Executive Director of the International Civil Society Centre Matteo NICOLOSI Naja BENTZEN Sebastian FAIRHURST Author and science writer It was mentioned that in Europe one person Policy Analyst, European Parliamentary Research Director, Head of Public Policy, Santander Matthias JOHANNSEN Service out of six has a low literacy level, and that ALLEA Executive Director Hannu NIEMINEN Anna Maria FLEETWOOD Prof of Media and Communications Policy at the reaching out to this public in a digital world Gabriel BIANCHI Swedish Research Council Daniel KAISER University of Helsinki Council of demands inclusive tools. Slovak Academy of Sciences ALLEA Scientific Policy Officer Finnish Academies Eva FLECKEN Jaak BILLIET Director of Public Policy & EU Affairs DACH (Germany, Konstantinos KALLERGIS Justin NOGAREDE Emeritus Professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Austria and Switzerland) at Sky Key takeaways: European Parliament’s Spokesperson Unit Digital Policy Adviser at Foundation for European Leuven Deutschland Progressive Studies Natascha KELLER CALI Jeremy BREY Franck FOURNIOL · Reframe some of the debates around Chargée des Affaires internationales/Cabinet de V. Ed NOORT Scientific Advice Mechanism Unit, DG Research and The Royal Society disinformation in creating a better Giscard d’Estaing Prof. Em. of Ancient Hebrew Literature and the History Innovation, European Commission understanding of the role of narratives of Religion of Ancient Israel, Nicola FRANK Giovanni LA PLACA ALLEA Vice President and the possible tools that narratology Kinga BRUDZINSKA Head of European Affairs of the European Broadcas- Joint Research Centre of the European Commission can provide in creating a systemic shift Senior Researcher at GLOBSEC Policy Institute ting Union in disinformation prevention; Andrzej NOWAK Catherine LECLERCQ University of Warsaw Daphne BULLESBACH Mariya GABRIEL Secrétaire de la commission des affaires européennes Onora O’NEILL · Develop new narratives based on Executive Director at European Alternatives European Commissioner for the Digital Economy and – Barreau de Paris Co-chair of the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and Society existing national narratives that can be Expertise and former Carl-Christian BUHR 7 In fact, professor Nowak is heading the research part on “heard” by European citizens. This might Christophe LECLERCQ President of the British Academy Deputy Head of Cabinet of Commissioner Mariya Gerd GIGERENZER take time but is necessary to create a Founder of EURACTIV media network & Chairman of “Narratives” for a project commissioned by the European Gabriel Director of the Harding Center for Risk Literacy at the shared vision for the future; Fondation EURACTIV Gloria ORIGGI Commission to develop a study on “mechanisms that Max Planck Institute for Human Institut Jean Nicod, CNRS shape social media and their impact on society – SMART Manuel CASTELLS Development in Berlin Sascha LOBO 2017/0090”. Re-Imagine Europa is part of the consortium · Support science journalists, science Chairman of the Re-Imagine Europa Taskforce on Author and speaker Paula PETERS - together with CNR, PlusValue, the University of Warsaw, writers and mediators in re-establishing Democracy in a Digital Society, Wallis Annenberg Valéry GISCARD d’ESTAING Vice President of Change.org trust between different sectors of Chair Professor of Communication Technology and Former President of France and President of Re-Ima- Catchy and HER – that has been working on this develo- Antonio LOPRIENO society. Society at the Annenberg gine Europa ping a first draft of the state of the art in research in this President of ALL European Academies (ALLEA) field: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mGy- School of Communication, University of Southern California BBTgD3JReO4qAAG8WAJFFkGiqfcV6C4hFddSExFc/edit

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 41

Jo PIERSON Research Institute (NASK). Szymon WRÓBEL Associate Professor, Department of Media and Member of the Council of the National Centre for Professor of Social Philosophy Polish Academy of Communication Studies, Vrije Research and Development (NCBR). Sciences Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Jonathan TAPLIN Nuri YURDUSEV Gernot RIEDER Director Emeritus of the Annenberg Innovation Lab at Professor of International Relations, Turkish Academy Universität Hamburg the University of Southern California Annenberg of Sciences School for Communication and Journalism Maria João RODRIGUES Hamza ZEYTINOGLU Member of the European Parliament, Vice-President of Klaus TASCHWER Founder of Lucidminds the S&D Group and President of FEPS - European Science Editor at Der Standard Foundation of Progressive Studies Ricarda ZIEGLER Thorsten THIEL Wissenschaft im Dialog gGmbH Bret SCHAFER Research Group Leader , Weizenbaum-Institute for Marshall Fund of the United States the Networked Society

Peter SCHERRER Céline TSCHIRHART Deputy Secretary General of the European Trade ALLEA/SAPEA Scientiﬁc Policy Oﬃcer Union Confederation (ETUC) Žiga TURK Philip SCHLESINGER University of Ljubljana Prof in Cultural Policy, University of Glasgow; Royal Society of Edinburgh Sylwia UFNALSKA Member of the European Association of Science Tomoko SCHIMIZU Editors Council Visiting Scholar at the Free University Berlin Pamela VALENTI Robert SOLTYK Advocacy Specialist at Open Society Foundations Adviser in the European Commission, Directorate General Communication Martin VAN HEES Prof of Political Theory at the University of Amsterdam; Michele SORICE KNAW Professor of Democratic Innovations and Political Sociology at Luiss University of Rome Lambert VAN NISTELROOIJ Member of the European Parliament and Member of Slavko SPLICHAL the European Internet Forum Professor of Communication and Public Opinion at the University of Ljubljana; Peter WEINGART Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Science Policy at the University of Bielefeld Julia STAMM Director of SCIENCE LEADS Erika WIDEGREN Günter STOCK Chief Executive at Re-Imagine Europa Former President of ALL European Academies (ALLEA), Chair of the Einstein Wolfgang WOHNHAS Foundation Berlin Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media, Germany Volker STOLLORZ Pak-Hang WONG Chief Editor and Managing Director of Science Media Universität Hamburg Center Germany Alain STROWEL Christiane WOOPEN Saint-Louis University (Brussels) and the UCLouvain Chair of the European Group on Ethics in Science and (Belgium) New Technologies; Exec. Director of the Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, Tom SYMONS and Social Sciences of Health Head of Government Innovation Research at Nesta (CERES), University of Cologne

Krzysztof SZUBERT Holger WORMER Former Secretary of State / Deputy Minister of Digital Chair of Science Journalism at TU Dortmund Affairs, Poland. Visiting Fellow, University University of Oxford, UK. Strategic Advisor of National the JRC over the next few months: values and cratically, e.g. on social media. There is an political identity in a multicultural society. It urgent need to act now. Finally, the market stems from the acknowledgment that there is approach and the privatisation of science and a rise of populism in Europe. Are there values journalism will hinder democracy. These insti- in Europe which resonate with extremism? Is tutions should remain public. there a democratic recession? Can economy be the only factor in explaining the decrease Dr Christoph Glauser, Director of the Institute of democracy? Which values are held by EU for Applied Argumentation Research pointed citizens and political movements in Europe? It out that politics and scientists need to urgent- is proposed to set up a European barometer, ly develop better ways of engaging and crea- to help monitor these trends. Values have ting links with people. become central in EU institutional discourse and there is a general acknowledgment that It was generally agreed that mediation and emotions play a strong role in the political gate-keepers are needed. Internet was crea- realm. ted by scientists, for people with good inten- tions, but has evolved beyond that sphere Professor Andrzej Nowak, from the University now. The public service should pay a stronger of Warsaw, proceeded to explore the role of role, and scientific advisers should make narratives in this debate. In fact, studies show special efforts to engage with journalism. that fake news have their roots in narratives Funding should be included for the creation of rather than facts . Debunking can limit the stories and narratives in science, to help spread of fake news to new individuals, but it people trust science and its impact on policy. may strengthen the beliefs of those who There is a need to build brands and use tricks already are “believers”. A narratives approach that are not currently at use in the science may offer clues on how to reach anti-science world, e.g. the cult of personalities. users. More research is needed on narratives and fake news, and on strategies for an effec- Sylwia Ufnalska (European Association of tive prevention of spread of fake news. Science Editors, EASE) emphasized that one important step is to encourage good scientific Volker Stollorz, Chief Editor and Managing writing and setting standards for this (EASE Director of the German Science Media Centre, Guidelines, freely available in >20 languages ). An increasingly influential stream of research are being challenged. This session looked at started by underlining that direct communica- Ufnalska suggested that courses in scientific demonstrates the importance of cognition, concrete projects and proposals to strengthen tion between policy and people cuts out two writing based on the Guidelines should be emotion and values in political decision-ma- evidence, establish trustworthiness and foster major filters and pillars of the Enlightenment: offered to PhD students and researchers, to king. Political cognition is emotionally shaped trust-building. science and journalism. We need these filters promote effective and ethical scientific com- by certain narratives. This session explored to save democracy. How do journalists produ- munication. Secondly, editorial standards for the role of narratives in shaping political deci- This session, chaired by Professor Maria ce narratives? They do not engage in an argu- science journals should be popularized (e.g. sions, in particular in recent years when entire Baghramian, University College Dublin, ment with, e.g., anti-vaccination campaigners, COPE Guidelines), as journal editors are the societies have made choices that seem “ratio- explored the roles of values and narratives in as this is impossible. Rather, they choose to “gatekeepers” who decide what gets publi- nally” counterintuitive. Trust is the glue that building shared realities and objectives for engage with those who doubt, and strengthen shed and what does not. Thirdly, predatory holds societies together. It is what allows us to society. a process of information-sharing with integrity. journals, which commercially publish share information, collaborate and co-create But there is an urgent need to regulate all the low-quality papers without peer review or joint visions and projects. Today, however, this Giovanni La Placa, from the Joint Research other new actors that do not behave demo- editorial judgement, should be exposed and vital component of society is being challen- Centre of the European Commission, presen- ged as trust in institutions, experts and media ted a research idea that will be investigated by

condemned. Fourthly, continuous development of critical and analytical thinking skills at Christophe GLAUSER Joe LYNAM all levels of education is crucial. Last but not Director of the Institute IFAAR, Institute for Applied Disinformation Specialist at the EU Commission least, reduction of the bureaucratic workload Argumentation Research former BBC Broadcaster of scientists is necessary. For example, there is Anthony GOOCH Lorenzo MARSILI a need for implementing more freedom of Director of Public Affairs & Communications at the Director of European Alternatives Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop- choice of science translators and author’s BOX 5 ment (OECD) Maria Grazia MATTEI Andrea ALMEIDA CORDERO Luca DE BIASE Founder and President at MEET – Fondazione Cariplo editors by scientists for their manuscripts Member of Cabinet / Personal Assistant to Commis- Media Ecology Director of Re-Imagine Europe and Jonathan HACKENBROICH before submission to a journal. sioner Mariya Gabriel Chief Editor of Nòva24 – Il Sole 24 Ore REPORT ON THE STA- European Council of Foreign Relations (ECFR) Luisa MEISEL Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and Laure ANSQUER Jens DEGETT Bernd HALLING the Media, Germany The question was raised, whether this debate Avocat à la Cour President of the European Union of Science Journa- Head of Corporate Policy and Strategy at Bayer TE-OF-THE-ART IN RE- lists’ Associations could realistically be taken to the EU level. It Catherine MILLER Elisabeth ARDAILLON-POIRER Isabella HERMANN Director of Policy at Doteveryone made no doubt that citizens develop a sense Senior Policy Adviser of the European Political Sara DIEFENBACH Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Strategy Centre of the European Commission Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and of agency and ownership at national level, but SEARCH ON MECHANISMS Humanities Gianluca MISURACA the Media, Germany Senior Scientist at the European Commission’s Joint are European values strong enough and Maria BAGHRAMIAN Stijn HOORENS Research Centre shared to extrapolate these issues at EU Professor in the School of Philosophy at University Paul-Jasper DITTRICH THAT SHAPE SOCIAL Director RAND Europe College Dublin Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Institute Berlin level? Arnau MONTERDE Martin HYNES Open University of Catalunya and responsible for François BALATE Luke DRURY President of the European Science Foundation Innovation, Development and MEDIA AND THEIR IMPACT Policy & Advocacy Director at the European Youth Professor Emeritus at Dublin Institute for Advanced The point was made that it would be extre- Research on Participation in Barcelona. Forum Studies mely challenging to control or mediate the Susanna IRLES ALLEA Communications and Media Relations Officer Christal MOREHOUSE Brando BENIFEI Jérôme DUBERRY internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to ON SOCIETY Senior Program Officer at the Open Society Initiative Member of the European Parliament and Member of Centre de Compétences Dusan Sidjanski en Etudes Wolfgang JAMANN for Europe (OSIFE) fake news. the European Internet Forum Européennes of the University of Geneva Executive Director of the International Civil Society Centre Matteo NICOLOSI Naja BENTZEN Sebastian FAIRHURST Author and science writer It was mentioned that in Europe one person Policy Analyst, European Parliamentary Research Director, Head of Public Policy, Santander Matthias JOHANNSEN In 2018, the report on the state-of-the-art in spreads on social media. Why do some Service out of six has a low literacy level, and that ALLEA Executive Director Hannu NIEMINEN research on how information spreads on things go viral? Why was Obama or Trump’s Anna Maria FLEETWOOD Prof of Media and Communications Policy at the reaching out to this public in a digital world Gabriel BIANCHI Swedish Research Council social media was published. The report was social media campaign much more effective Daniel KAISER University of Helsinki Council of demands inclusive tools. Slovak Academy of Sciences ALLEA Scientific Policy Officer Finnish Academies developed as part of the project commissio- then their opponents? Why do people retire Eva FLECKEN Jaak BILLIET Director of Public Policy & EU Affairs DACH (Germany, ned by the European Commission to develop into the comfort of their own “echo-cham- Konstantinos KALLERGIS Justin NOGAREDE Emeritus Professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Austria and Switzerland) at Sky European Parliament’s Spokesperson Unit Digital Policy Adviser at Foundation for European a study on “mechanisms that shape social bers” thus reaffirming their worldview crea- Leuven Deutschland Progressive Studies media and their impact on society – SMART ting an increasingly polarized world? Why Natascha KELLER CALI Jeremy BREY Franck FOURNIOL Chargée des Affaires internationales/Cabinet de V. Ed NOORT 2017/0090”. has the information environment of social Scientific Advice Mechanism Unit, DG Research and The Royal Society Giscard d’Estaing Prof. Em. of Ancient Hebrew Literature and the History Innovation, European Commission media developed in a way so different from of Religion of Ancient Israel, Nicola FRANK Giovanni LA PLACA ALLEA Vice President The consortium developing this study is led that envisaged by its creators? Kinga BRUDZINSKA Head of European Affairs of the European Broadcas- Joint Research Centre of the European Commission by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche Senior Researcher at GLOBSEC Policy Institute ting Union Andrzej NOWAK (CNR) together with PlusValue, the University Research demonstrates that it is impossible Catherine LECLERCQ University of Warsaw Daphne BULLESBACH Mariya GABRIEL Secrétaire de la commission des affaires européennes Onora O’NEILL of Warsaw, Re-Imagine Europa and Catchy to describe with simple features the effects Executive Director at European Alternatives European Commissioner for the Digital Economy and – Barreau de Paris Co-chair of the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and Society and HER and with the scientific guidance of of social media in the development of our Expertise and former Carl-Christian BUHR Christophe LECLERCQ President of the British Academy Professor Guido Caldarelli (IMT Lucca) and society as the complexity in having to take Deputy Head of Cabinet of Commissioner Mariya Gerd GIGERENZER Founder of EURACTIV media network & Chairman of Gabriel Director of the Harding Center for Risk Literacy at the Professor Andrzej Nowak (University of account of the actions of millions of indivi- Fondation EURACTIV Gloria ORIGGI Max Planck Institute for Human Institut Jean Nicod, CNRS Warsaw). duals far extends our capacity. Social media Manuel CASTELLS Development in Berlin Sascha LOBO Chairman of the Re-Imagine Europa Taskforce on today are today an incredibly powerful Author and speaker Paula PETERS Democracy in a Digital Society, Wallis Annenberg Valéry GISCARD d’ESTAING Vice President of Change.org The emergence of the network society has instrument of news creation and distribution. Chair Professor of Communication Technology and Former President of France and President of Re-Ima- Antonio LOPRIENO The emergence and ubiquotousness of Society at the Annenberg gine Europa created a whole field of research in looking President of ALL European Academies (ALLEA) and trying to understand how information issues like “fake news”, “micro targeting” and School of Communication, University of Southern California

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 42

condemned. Fourthly, continuous develop- “computational propaganda” demonstrate doing so, they exert power to shape the ment of critical and analytical thinking skills at the power that a diverse range of actors users’ experience and even their perception Christophe GLAUSER Joe LYNAM all levels of education is crucial. Last but not ascribes to social media. It is therefore of the of the world In the light of the issues raised Director of the Institute IFAAR, Institute for Applied Disinformation Specialist at the EU Commission least, reduction of the bureaucratic workload Argumentation Research former BBC Broadcaster utmost importance to understand the forces above, another core area of research has of scientists is necessary. For example, there is and the causes that generate this phenome- been looking into the structure and biases of Anthony GOOCH Lorenzo MARSILI a need for implementing more freedom of Director of Public Affairs & Communications at the Director of European Alternatives non that is seriously changing the present algorithms and their effect on social media. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop- choice of science translators and author’s ment (OECD) Maria Grazia MATTEI society. Some of the most powerful influencers on Andrea ALMEIDA CORDERO Luca DE BIASE Founder and President at MEET – Fondazione Cariplo editors by scientists for their manuscripts Member of Cabinet / Personal Assistant to Commis- Media Ecology Director of Re-Imagine Europe and elections today are the social media platfor- Jonathan HACKENBROICH before submission to a journal. sioner Mariya Gabriel Chief Editor of Nòva24 – Il Sole 24 Ore In light of the growing concern over fake ms and the algorithms they use to spread European Council of Foreign Relations (ECFR) Luisa MEISEL Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and news and how disinformation spreads on information. Yet it is not possible for resear- Laure ANSQUER Jens DEGETT Bernd HALLING the Media, Germany The question was raised, whether this debate Avocat à la Cour President of the European Union of Science Journa- social media, the aim of this report was to do chers to measure and effectively study these Head of Corporate Policy and Strategy at Bayer lists’ Associations could realistically be taken to the EU level. It Catherine MILLER a desk review of existing research, evaluate phenomena as the majority of data is not Elisabeth ARDAILLON-POIRER Isabella HERMANN Director of Policy at Doteveryone made no doubt that citizens develop a sense Senior Policy Adviser of the European Political Sara DIEFENBACH the areas that look most promising and made available by the privately owned plat- Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Strategy Centre of the European Commission Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and of agency and ownership at national level, but Humanities Gianluca MISURACA suggest areas where new original research is forms (Twitter, Facebook, etc.). the Media, Germany Senior Scientist at the European Commission’s Joint are European values strong enough and Maria BAGHRAMIAN necessary. Stijn HOORENS Research Centre Professor in the School of Philosophy at University Paul-Jasper DITTRICH shared to extrapolate these issues at EU Director RAND Europe NARRATIVES: Narratives are the basis of the College Dublin Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Institute Berlin level? Arnau MONTERDE The report will analyze and evaluate coordination and mobilization of individuals Martin HYNES Open University of Catalunya and responsible for François BALATE Luke DRURY President of the European Science Foundation Innovation, Development and research from a variety of different fields: and society. One of the most interesting Policy & Advocacy Director at the European Youth Professor Emeritus at Dublin Institute for Advanced The point was made that it would be extre- Research on Participation in Barcelona. findings in modern psychology is that the Forum Studies mely challenging to control or mediate the Susanna IRLES SCIENCE OF NETWORKS: Statistical approa- process of understanding is inherently cons- ALLEA Communications and Media Relations Officer Christal MOREHOUSE Brando BENIFEI Jérôme DUBERRY internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to Senior Program Officer at the Open Society Initiative ches, complex systems and network theory tructive in nature. Thus, the framework and Member of the European Parliament and Member of Centre de Compétences Dusan Sidjanski en Etudes Wolfgang JAMANN for Europe (OSIFE) fake news. the European Internet Forum Européennes of the University of Geneva are key instruments to describe the sprea- codes used to organise our understanding of Executive Director of the International Civil Society Centre Matteo NICOLOSI ding of information on social media. As com- reality builds our view of reality and it is Naja BENTZEN Sebastian FAIRHURST Author and science writer It was mentioned that in Europe one person Policy Analyst, European Parliamentary Research Director, Head of Public Policy, Santander munication today provides similar patterns to important to note that, for individuals and Matthias JOHANNSEN Service out of six has a low literacy level, and that ALLEA Executive Director Hannu NIEMINEN any complex network, be it biological society, perceived reality is reality. As Anna Maria FLEETWOOD Prof of Media and Communications Policy at the reaching out to this public in a digital world Gabriel BIANCHI Swedish Research Council networks or computer networks, an obvious humans we understand the world through Daniel KAISER University of Helsinki Council of demands inclusive tools. Slovak Academy of Sciences ALLEA Scientific Policy Officer Finnish Academies approach to better understand the spreading metaphors, images and stories. Phenomena Eva FLECKEN of information on social media is to consider related to the spread of disinformation on Jaak BILLIET Director of Public Policy & EU Affairs DACH (Germany, Konstantinos KALLERGIS Justin NOGAREDE Emeritus Professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Austria and Switzerland) at Sky the analogous diffusion patterns. Although social media draw from these basic princi- European Parliament’s Spokesperson Unit Digital Policy Adviser at Foundation for European Leuven Deutschland significant research has been done to ples. Moreover, individuals actively seek Progressive Studies Natascha KELLER CALI Jeremy BREY Franck FOURNIOL understand the spreading of (mis)informa- information that confirms narrative schema Chargée des Affaires internationales/Cabinet de V. Ed NOORT Scientific Advice Mechanism Unit, DG Research and The Royal Society Giscard d’Estaing Prof. Em. of Ancient Hebrew Literature and the History tion on social media the complexity of the an avoid information that contradicts their Innovation, European Commission of Religion of Ancient Israel, Nicola FRANK environment, the number of individuals, narratives. Efforts to debunk fake news that Giovanni LA PLACA ALLEA Vice President Kinga BRUDZINSKA Head of European Affairs of the European Broadcas- Joint Research Centre of the European Commission echo-chambers, make the system so highly support adopted narratives often leads to Senior Researcher at GLOBSEC Policy Institute ting Union Andrzej NOWAK complex that no simple model seems to be paradoxical effect of initiating a search for Catherine LECLERCQ University of Warsaw Daphne BULLESBACH Mariya GABRIEL Secrétaire de la commission des affaires européennes Onora O’NEILL sufficient at this time. More interdisciplinary information that supports the narratives and Executive Director at European Alternatives European Commissioner for the Digital Economy and – Barreau de Paris Co-chair of the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and studies will be required in order to answer in effect strengthens the narrative. Society Expertise and former Carl-Christian BUHR the fundamental questions relating to the Christophe LECLERCQ President of the British Academy Deputy Head of Cabinet of Commissioner Mariya Gerd GIGERENZER Founder of EURACTIV media network & Chairman of working of social networks. NETWORKS OF TRUST: Evidence shows that Gabriel Director of the Harding Center for Risk Literacy at the Fondation EURACTIV Gloria ORIGGI Max Planck Institute for Human the perception of “truth” depends on the Institut Jean Nicod, CNRS Manuel CASTELLS Development in Berlin Sascha LOBO RESEARCH ALGORITHMS AND SOCIAL narratives that single individuals accept as Chairman of the Re-Imagine Europa Taskforce on Author and speaker Paula PETERS Democracy in a Digital Society, Wallis Annenberg Valéry GISCARD d’ESTAING MEDIA: Today, algorithms curate everyday reality. Evidence in fact shows that informa- Vice President of Change.org Chair Professor of Communication Technology and Former President of France and President of Re-Ima- Antonio LOPRIENO online content by prioritizing, classifying, tion and misinformation spreads in the same Society at the Annenberg gine Europa President of ALL European Academies (ALLEA) associating, and filtering information. In way across social media. Research has School of Communication, University of Southern California

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 43

condemned. Fourthly, continuous develop- revealed that a key factor for individuals in to make predictions about the future. The ment of critical and analytical thinking skills at classifying information is origin of the infor- effects that this can have on our behaviours, Christophe GLAUSER Joe LYNAM all levels of education is crucial. Last but not mation. If the information comes from a institutional systems and our meaning of Director of the Institute IFAAR, Institute for Applied Disinformation Specialist at the EU Commission least, reduction of the bureaucratic workload Argumentation Research former BBC Broadcaster source perceived as trusted and fits the democracy are central questions today. of scientists is necessary. For example, there is accepted narrative, it will be accepted Laboratory studies show that such persuasi- Anthony GOOCH Lorenzo MARSILI a need for implementing more freedom of Director of Public Affairs & Communications at the Director of European Alternatives without question; if the information comes ve appeals are more effective in influencing Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop- choice of science translators and author’s ment (OECD) Maria Grazia MATTEI from a source perceived as trusted but does behavior when they are formulated to fit Andrea ALMEIDA CORDERO Luca DE BIASE Founder and President at MEET – Fondazione Cariplo editors by scientists for their manuscripts Member of Cabinet / Personal Assistant to Commis- Media Ecology Director of Re-Imagine Europe and not fit the narrative the user will search for individuals’ unique psychological characte- Jonathan HACKENBROICH before submission to a journal. sioner Mariya Gabriel Chief Editor of Nòva24 – Il Sole 24 Ore evidence; if the information comes from a ristics. Recent research shows that people’s European Council of Foreign Relations (ECFR) Luisa MEISEL Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and source perceived as untrusted it will be psychological characteristics can be accura- Laure ANSQUER Jens DEGETT Bernd HALLING the Media, Germany The question was raised, whether this debate Avocat à la Cour President of the European Union of Science Journa- discredited without much thought. Thus the tely predicted from the digital footprints left Head of Corporate Policy and Strategy at Bayer lists’ Associations could realistically be taken to the EU level. It Catherine MILLER study of networks of trust is becoming an in the digital environment. Elisabeth ARDAILLON-POIRER Isabella HERMANN Director of Policy at Doteveryone made no doubt that citizens develop a sense Senior Policy Adviser of the European Political Sara DIEFENBACH increasingly important topic for researchers Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Strategy Centre of the European Commission Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and of agency and ownership at national level, but Humanities Gianluca MISURACA as much as that of the impact of influencers. O2O EFFECT: Online to Offline (O2O), is a new the Media, Germany Senior Scientist at the European Commission’s Joint are European values strong enough and Maria BAGHRAMIAN model of e-commerce, in which online Stijn HOORENS Research Centre Professor in the School of Philosophy at University Paul-Jasper DITTRICH shared to extrapolate these issues at EU Director RAND Europe SENTIMENT ANALYSIS: Whilst narrative consumers can get products and services College Dublin Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Institute Berlin level? Arnau MONTERDE theory remains a very resource intensive offline. This area of research is gaining trac- Martin HYNES Open University of Catalunya and responsible for François BALATE Luke DRURY President of the European Science Foundation Innovation, Development and field, sentiment analysis has come up to help tion as the culture of real virtuality becomes Policy & Advocacy Director at the European Youth Professor Emeritus at Dublin Institute for Advanced The point was made that it would be extre- Research on Participation in Barcelona. with understanding the meaning of very high more pervasive. O2O mechanisms may also Forum Studies mely challenging to control or mediate the Susanna IRLES number of natural language or text messa- be used in political persuasion, where a ALLEA Communications and Media Relations Officer Christal MOREHOUSE Brando BENIFEI Jérôme DUBERRY internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to Senior Program Officer at the Open Society Initiative ges. Sentiment analysis provides a way to group of users identified online as having Member of the European Parliament and Member of Centre de Compétences Dusan Sidjanski en Etudes Wolfgang JAMANN for Europe (OSIFE) fake news. the European Internet Forum Européennes of the University of Geneva aggregate information contained in a high particular political orientation, or a specific Executive Director of the International Civil Society Centre Matteo NICOLOSI volume of unstructured material. Sentiment profile of likes, may be prompted for some Naja BENTZEN Sebastian FAIRHURST Author and science writer It was mentioned that in Europe one person Policy Analyst, European Parliamentary Research Director, Head of Public Policy, Santander analysis is one of the most active research real-world action, e.g. to attend a rally, join a Matthias JOHANNSEN Service out of six has a low literacy level, and that ALLEA Executive Director Hannu NIEMINEN fields in natural language processing both in meeting, stage a boycott etc. In a similar vein, Anna Maria FLEETWOOD Prof of Media and Communications Policy at the reaching out to this public in a digital world Gabriel BIANCHI Swedish Research Council scientific studies in computer science and an identified offline group of individuals (e.g. Daniel KAISER University of Helsinki Council of demands inclusive tools. Slovak Academy of Sciences ALLEA Scientific Policy Officer Finnish Academies the social sciences as well as in practical a list of individuals of a particular meeting) Eva FLECKEN applications both for business (e.g. marke- may be targeted in online messaging. Jaak BILLIET Director of Public Policy & EU Affairs DACH (Germany, Konstantinos KALLERGIS Justin NOGAREDE Emeritus Professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Austria and Switzerland) at Sky ting) and societies (for example in diagnosis European Parliament’s Spokesperson Unit Digital Policy Adviser at Foundation for European Leuven Deutschland of public opinion and its shifts). Sentiment MICROTARGETING: One of the most interes- Progressive Studies Natascha KELLER CALI Jeremy BREY Franck FOURNIOL analysis is an especially important tool for ting and novel trends today is that of micro- Chargée des Affaires internationales/Cabinet de V. Ed NOORT Scientific Advice Mechanism Unit, DG Research and The Royal Society Giscard d’Estaing Prof. Em. of Ancient Hebrew Literature and the History the analysis of the content of social media, targeting. Microtargeting uses big datami- Innovation, European Commission of Religion of Ancient Israel, Nicola FRANK which contains a large volume of opiniona- ning techniques to adjust information to its Giovanni LA PLACA ALLEA Vice President Kinga BRUDZINSKA Head of European Affairs of the European Broadcas- Joint Research Centre of the European Commission ted data. viewer’s profile. It is used by political parties Senior Researcher at GLOBSEC Policy Institute ting Union Andrzej NOWAK and election campaigns to communicate Catherine LECLERCQ University of Warsaw Daphne BULLESBACH Mariya GABRIEL Secrétaire de la commission des affaires européennes Onora O’NEILL PSYCHOMETRICS, PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERA- with group of voters, that involve predictive Executive Director at European Alternatives European Commissioner for the Digital Economy and – Barreau de Paris Co-chair of the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and TIONS – PSY-OPS: the availability of big data market segmentation (aka cluster analysis), Society Expertise and former Carl-Christian BUHR combined with psychometrics and psycholo- to influence elections. The case of Cambrid- Christophe LECLERCQ President of the British Academy Deputy Head of Cabinet of Commissioner Mariya Gerd GIGERENZER Founder of EURACTIV media network & Chairman of gical operations has raised a number of ge Analytica made apparent the technical Gabriel Director of the Harding Center for Risk Literacy at the Fondation EURACTIV Gloria ORIGGI Max Planck Institute for Human questions for researchers, policymakers, capacity we have today in using new techno- Institut Jean Nicod, CNRS Manuel CASTELLS Development in Berlin Sascha LOBO media and other stakeholders. Indeed, as logies to “manipulate” voters that govern- Chairman of the Re-Imagine Europa Taskforce on Author and speaker Paula PETERS Democracy in a Digital Society, Wallis Annenberg Valéry GISCARD d’ESTAING people use social media more and more, this ments across the world have started to Vice President of Change.org Chair Professor of Communication Technology and Former President of France and President of Re-Ima- Antonio LOPRIENO enormous amount of data on individual create research groups looking especially at Society at the Annenberg gine Europa President of ALL European Academies (ALLEA) behaviour and interests is today being used this problem, coined by the Guardian, as the School of Communication, University of Southern California

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 44

condemned. Fourthly, continuous develop- hijacking of our democracy. ment of critical and analytical thinking skills at Christophe GLAUSER Joe LYNAM all levels of education is crucial. Last but not DEBUNKING FAKE NEWS: The problem of Director of the Institute IFAAR, Institute for Applied Disinformation Specialist at the EU Commission least, reduction of the bureaucratic workload Argumentation Research former BBC Broadcaster fake news is much more complex than it of scientists is necessary. For example, there is looks at the first sight. Fake news is not a new Anthony GOOCH Lorenzo MARSILI a need for implementing more freedom of Director of Public Affairs & Communications at the Director of European Alternatives phenomenon, they have been in the public Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop- choice of science translators and author’s ment (OECD) Maria Grazia MATTEI sphere forever, as part of political propagan- Andrea ALMEIDA CORDERO Luca DE BIASE Founder and President at MEET – Fondazione Cariplo editors by scientists for their manuscripts Member of Cabinet / Personal Assistant to Commis- Media Ecology Director of Re-Imagine Europe and da, marketing efforts, popularity seeking by Jonathan HACKENBROICH before submission to a journal. sioner Mariya Gabriel Chief Editor of Nòva24 – Il Sole 24 Ore newspapers etc. The novelty of fake news is European Council of Foreign Relations (ECFR) Luisa MEISEL Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and associated with the technological aspects of Laure ANSQUER Jens DEGETT Bernd HALLING the Media, Germany The question was raised, whether this debate Avocat à la Cour President of the European Union of Science Journa- how it is propagated, rather then just the fact Head of Corporate Policy and Strategy at Bayer lists’ Associations could realistically be taken to the EU level. It Catherine MILLER that false information is intentionally spread. Elisabeth ARDAILLON-POIRER Isabella HERMANN Director of Policy at Doteveryone made no doubt that citizens develop a sense Senior Policy Adviser of the European Political Sara DIEFENBACH The essence of democracy is that citizens Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Strategy Centre of the European Commission Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and of agency and ownership at national level, but Humanities Gianluca MISURACA make informed decisions and thus the the Media, Germany Senior Scientist at the European Commission’s Joint are European values strong enough and Maria BAGHRAMIAN access to reliable information is at the foun- Stijn HOORENS Research Centre Professor in the School of Philosophy at University Paul-Jasper DITTRICH shared to extrapolate these issues at EU Director RAND Europe dation of democracy. In fact, the fourth College Dublin Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Institute Berlin level? Arnau MONTERDE estate – the media – has held a key place in Martin HYNES Open University of Catalunya and responsible for François BALATE Luke DRURY President of the European Science Foundation Innovation, Development and today’s democratic systems. As the main Policy & Advocacy Director at the European Youth Professor Emeritus at Dublin Institute for Advanced The point was made that it would be extre- Research on Participation in Barcelona. channel of information spread shifts from Forum Studies mely challenging to control or mediate the Susanna IRLES traditional media to social media, the traditio- ALLEA Communications and Media Relations Officer Christal MOREHOUSE Brando BENIFEI Jérôme DUBERRY internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to Senior Program Officer at the Open Society Initiative nal ways of assuring the reliability of informa- Member of the European Parliament and Member of Centre de Compétences Dusan Sidjanski en Etudes Wolfgang JAMANN for Europe (OSIFE) fake news. the European Internet Forum Européennes of the University of Geneva tion, such as clearly established standards of Executive Director of the International Civil Society Centre Matteo NICOLOSI responsible journalism, get progressively Naja BENTZEN Sebastian FAIRHURST Author and science writer It was mentioned that in Europe one person Policy Analyst, European Parliamentary Research Director, Head of Public Policy, Santander weaker. The systematic distortion of informa- Matthias JOHANNSEN Service out of six has a low literacy level, and that ALLEA Executive Director Hannu NIEMINEN tion by internal or external sources that we Anna Maria FLEETWOOD Prof of Media and Communications Policy at the reaching out to this public in a digital world Gabriel BIANCHI Swedish Research Council see today represents a dangerously effective Daniel KAISER University of Helsinki Council of demands inclusive tools. Slovak Academy of Sciences ALLEA Scientific Policy Officer Finnish Academies way of manipulating societies. Eva FLECKEN Jaak BILLIET Director of Public Policy & EU Affairs DACH (Germany, Konstantinos KALLERGIS Justin NOGAREDE Emeritus Professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Austria and Switzerland) at Sky In the 21st-century social media information European Parliament’s Spokesperson Unit Digital Policy Adviser at Foundation for European Leuven Deutschland war, faith in democracy is the first casualty. This Progressive Studies Natascha KELLER CALI Jeremy BREY Franck FOURNIOL is why a better understating of the way in which Chargée des Affaires internationales/Cabinet de V. Ed NOORT Scientific Advice Mechanism Unit, DG Research and The Royal Society Giscard d’Estaing Prof. Em. of Ancient Hebrew Literature and the History (mis)information spreads across social media, Innovation, European Commission of Religion of Ancient Israel, Nicola FRANK in a comprehensive and interdisciplinary way, is Giovanni LA PLACA ALLEA Vice President Kinga BRUDZINSKA Head of European Affairs of the European Broadcas- Joint Research Centre of the European Commission a prerequisite in order to be able to find mea- Senior Researcher at GLOBSEC Policy Institute ting Union Andrzej NOWAK ningful ways to address the deeper issues that Catherine LECLERCQ University of Warsaw Daphne BULLESBACH Mariya GABRIEL Secrétaire de la commission des affaires européennes Onora O’NEILL these new technologies are raising and how Executive Director at European Alternatives European Commissioner for the Digital Economy and – Barreau de Paris Co-chair of the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and they are affecting social behaviour. Society Expertise and former Carl-Christian BUHR Christophe LECLERCQ President of the British Academy Deputy Head of Cabinet of Commissioner Mariya Gerd GIGERENZER Founder of EURACTIV media network & Chairman of Gabriel Director of the Harding Center for Risk Literacy at the Fondation EURACTIV Gloria ORIGGI Max Planck Institute for Human Institut Jean Nicod, CNRS Manuel CASTELLS Development in Berlin Sascha LOBO Chairman of the Re-Imagine Europa Taskforce on Author and speaker Paula PETERS Democracy in a Digital Society, Wallis Annenberg Valéry GISCARD d’ESTAING Vice President of Change.org Chair Professor of Communication Technology and Former President of France and President of Re-Ima- Antonio LOPRIENO Society at the Annenberg gine Europa President of ALL European Academies (ALLEA) School of Communication, University of Southern California

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 45

condemned. Fourthly, continuous development of critical and analytical thinking skills at Christophe GLAUSER Joe LYNAM all levels of education is crucial. Last but not Director of the Institute IFAAR, Institute for Applied Disinformation Specialist at the EU Commission least, reduction of the bureaucratic workload Argumentation Research former BBC Broadcaster of scientists is necessary. For example, there is Anthony GOOCH Lorenzo MARSILI a need for implementing more freedom of Director of Public Affairs & Communications at the Director of European Alternatives Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop- choice of science translators and author’s ment (OECD) Maria Grazia MATTEI Andrea ALMEIDA CORDERO Luca DE BIASE Founder and President at MEET – Fondazione Cariplo editors by scientists for their manuscripts Member of Cabinet / Personal Assistant to Commis- Media Ecology Director of Re-Imagine Europe and Jonathan HACKENBROICH before submission to a journal. sioner Mariya Gabriel Chief Editor of Nòva24 – Il Sole 24 Ore European Council of Foreign Relations (ECFR) Luisa MEISEL Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and Laure ANSQUER Jens DEGETT Bernd HALLING the Media, Germany The question was raised, whether this debate Avocat à la Cour President of the European Union of Science Journa- Head of Corporate Policy and Strategy at Bayer lists’ Associations could realistically be taken to the EU level. It Catherine MILLER Elisabeth ARDAILLON-POIRER Isabella HERMANN Director of Policy at Doteveryone made no doubt that citizens develop a sense Senior Policy Adviser of the European Political Sara DIEFENBACH Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Strategy Centre of the European Commission Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and of agency and ownership at national level, but Humanities Gianluca MISURACA the Media, Germany Senior Scientist at the European Commission’s Joint are European values strong enough and Maria BAGHRAMIAN Stijn HOORENS Research Centre Professor in the School of Philosophy at University Paul-Jasper DITTRICH shared to extrapolate these issues at EU Director RAND Europe College Dublin Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Institute Berlin level? Arnau MONTERDE Martin HYNES Open University of Catalunya and responsible for CONCLUSIONS François BALATE Luke DRURY President of the European Science Foundation Innovation, Development and Policy & Advocacy Director at the European Youth Professor Emeritus at Dublin Institute for Advanced The point was made that it would be extre- Research on Participation in Barcelona. Forum Studies mely challenging to control or mediate the Susanna IRLES ALLEA Communications and Media Relations Officer Christal MOREHOUSE internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to and NEXT STEPS Brando BENIFEI Jérôme DUBERRY Senior Program Officer at the Open Society Initiative Member of the European Parliament and Member of Centre de Compétences Dusan Sidjanski en Etudes Wolfgang JAMANN for Europe (OSIFE) fake news. the European Internet Forum Européennes of the University of Geneva Executive Director of the International Civil Society Centre Matteo NICOLOSI Naja BENTZEN Sebastian FAIRHURST Author and science writer It was mentioned that in Europe one person Policy Analyst, European Parliamentary Research Director, Head of Public Policy, Santander Matthias JOHANNSEN Service out of six has a low literacy level, and that ALLEA Executive Director Hannu NIEMINEN Anna Maria FLEETWOOD Prof of Media and Communications Policy at the reaching out to this public in a digital world Gabriel BIANCHI Swedish Research Council Daniel KAISER University of Helsinki Council of demands inclusive tools. Slovak Academy of Sciences ALLEA Scientific Policy Officer Finnish Academies Eva FLECKEN Jaak BILLIET Director of Public Policy & EU Affairs DACH (Germany, Konstantinos KALLERGIS Justin NOGAREDE Emeritus Professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Austria and Switzerland) at Sky European Parliament’s Spokesperson Unit Digital Policy Adviser at Foundation for European Leuven Deutschland Progressive Studies Natascha KELLER CALI Jeremy BREY Franck FOURNIOL Chargée des Affaires internationales/Cabinet de V. Ed NOORT Scientific Advice Mechanism Unit, DG Research and The Royal Society Giscard d’Estaing Prof. Em. of Ancient Hebrew Literature and the History Innovation, European Commission of Religion of Ancient Israel, Nicola FRANK Giovanni LA PLACA ALLEA Vice President Kinga BRUDZINSKA Head of European Affairs of the European Broadcas- Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Senior Researcher at GLOBSEC Policy Institute ting Union Andrzej NOWAK Catherine LECLERCQ University of Warsaw Daphne BULLESBACH Mariya GABRIEL Secrétaire de la commission des affaires européennes Onora O’NEILL Executive Director at European Alternatives European Commissioner for the Digital Economy and – Barreau de Paris Co-chair of the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and Society Expertise and former Carl-Christian BUHR Christophe LECLERCQ President of the British Academy Deputy Head of Cabinet of Commissioner Mariya Gerd GIGERENZER Founder of EURACTIV media network & Chairman of Gabriel Director of the Harding Center for Risk Literacy at the Fondation EURACTIV Gloria ORIGGI Max Planck Institute for Human Institut Jean Nicod, CNRS Manuel CASTELLS Development in Berlin Sascha LOBO Chairman of the Re-Imagine Europa Taskforce on Author and speaker Paula PETERS Democracy in a Digital Society, Wallis Annenberg Valéry GISCARD d’ESTAING Vice President of Change.org If we do not change democracy, we Chair Professor of Communication Technology and Former President of France and President of Re-Ima- Antonio LOPRIENO Society at the Annenberg gine Europa President of ALL European Academies (ALLEA) cannot save democracy! School of Communication, University of Southern California PROFESSOR MANUEL CASTELLS

PAG 46

condemned. Fourthly, continuous development of critical and analytical thinking skills at Christophe GLAUSER Joe LYNAM all levels of education is crucial. Last but not Director of the Institute IFAAR, Institute for Applied Disinformation Specialist at the EU Commission least, reduction of the bureaucratic workload Argumentation Research former BBC Broadcaster of scientists is necessary. For example, there is Anthony GOOCH Lorenzo MARSILI a need for implementing more freedom of Director of Public Affairs & Communications at the Director of European Alternatives Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop- choice of science translators and author’s ment (OECD) Maria Grazia MATTEI Andrea ALMEIDA CORDERO Luca DE BIASE Founder and President at MEET – Fondazione Cariplo editors by scientists for their manuscripts Member of Cabinet / Personal Assistant to Commis- Media Ecology Director of Re-Imagine Europe and Jonathan HACKENBROICH before submission to a journal. sioner Mariya Gabriel Chief Editor of Nòva24 – Il Sole 24 Ore European Council of Foreign Relations (ECFR) Luisa MEISEL Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and Laure ANSQUER Jens DEGETT Bernd HALLING the Media, Germany The question was raised, whether this debate Avocat à la Cour President of the European Union of Science Journa- Head of Corporate Policy and Strategy at Bayer lists’ Associations could realistically be taken to the EU level. It Catherine MILLER Elisabeth ARDAILLON-POIRER Isabella HERMANN Director of Policy at Doteveryone made no doubt that citizens develop a sense The Forum on “Democracy in a Digital Society” underlined the existential nature of this topic for Senior Policy Adviser of the European Political Sara DIEFENBACH Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Strategy Centre of the European Commission Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and of agency and ownership at national level, but Europe and for democracy. Communication ecosystems are essential for societies as this is the Humanities Gianluca MISURACA the Media, Germany Senior Scientist at the European Commission’s Joint are European values strong enough and space where shared visions and objectives are developed that allow for the mobilization of socie- Maria BAGHRAMIAN Stijn HOORENS Research Centre Professor in the School of Philosophy at University Paul-Jasper DITTRICH shared to extrapolate these issues at EU ties towards a common direction. Director RAND Europe College Dublin Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Institute Berlin level? Arnau MONTERDE Martin HYNES Open University of Catalunya and responsible for François BALATE Luke DRURY The digital era has drastically changed the nature of the public space, the actors who control the President of the European Science Foundation Innovation, Development and Policy & Advocacy Director at the European Youth Professor Emeritus at Dublin Institute for Advanced The point was made that it would be extre- Research on Participation in Barcelona. public space, the centralized control of communication and who has access to the most effective Forum Studies mely challenging to control or mediate the tools. Susanna IRLES ALLEA Communications and Media Relations Officer Christal MOREHOUSE Brando BENIFEI Jérôme DUBERRY internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to Senior Program Officer at the Open Society Initiative Member of the European Parliament and Member of Centre de Compétences Dusan Sidjanski en Etudes Wolfgang JAMANN for Europe (OSIFE) fake news. The result of the above is that the traditional deliberation process of democratic societies has the European Internet Forum Européennes of the University of Geneva Executive Director of the International Civil Society become obsolete, amplifying the crisis of legitimacy and putting our democratic systems in Centre Matteo NICOLOSI Naja BENTZEN Sebastian FAIRHURST Author and science writer It was mentioned that in Europe one person danger. Policy Analyst, European Parliamentary Research Director, Head of Public Policy, Santander Matthias JOHANNSEN Service out of six has a low literacy level, and that ALLEA Executive Director Hannu NIEMINEN Anna Maria FLEETWOOD Prof of Media and Communications Policy at the reaching out to this public in a digital world We should not be naïve about the dangers and challenges that lay ahead but we should also take Gabriel BIANCHI Swedish Research Council Daniel KAISER University of Helsinki Council of demands inclusive tools. Slovak Academy of Sciences stock in the enormous opportunities presented by these technologies, as writing and printing ALLEA Scientific Policy Officer Finnish Academies Eva FLECKEN before. However, this will require us to reimagine our institutions, our behaviour and our regulatory Jaak BILLIET Director of Public Policy & EU Affairs DACH (Germany, Konstantinos KALLERGIS Justin NOGAREDE system. Emeritus Professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Austria and Switzerland) at Sky European Parliament’s Spokesperson Unit Digital Policy Adviser at Foundation for European Leuven Deutschland Progressive Studies Natascha KELLER CALI As Castells said, “Europe is in danger because of a lack of ideas”. Jeremy BREY Franck FOURNIOL Chargée des Affaires internationales/Cabinet de V. Ed NOORT Scientific Advice Mechanism Unit, DG Research and The Royal Society Giscard d’Estaing Prof. Em. of Ancient Hebrew Literature and the History Innovation, European Commission of Religion of Ancient Israel, We need new ideas on how to tackle these challenges. We need to engage the public in this Nicola FRANK Giovanni LA PLACA ALLEA Vice President Kinga BRUDZINSKA Head of European Affairs of the European Broadcas- debate and in suggesting, testing and promoting alternative ideas of citizen engagement and Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Senior Researcher at GLOBSEC Policy Institute ting Union meaningful participation, the role of parties, political institutions and regulatory frameworks. Andrzej NOWAK Catherine LECLERCQ University of Warsaw Daphne BULLESBACH Mariya GABRIEL Secrétaire de la commission des affaires européennes Onora O’NEILL Executive Director at European Alternatives European Commissioner for the Digital Economy and – Barreau de Paris Co-chair of the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and As Erika Widegren, Chief Executive of Re-Imagine Europa concluded, this is not going to be easy Society Expertise and former Carl-Christian BUHR as the human brain thinks in terms of images and stories; We have categories and thinking patter- Christophe LECLERCQ President of the British Academy Deputy Head of Cabinet of Commissioner Mariya Gerd GIGERENZER Founder of EURACTIV media network & Chairman of ns. To disrupt existing thinking patterns and try to change the way the brain thinks about specific Gabriel Director of the Harding Center for Risk Literacy at the Fondation EURACTIV Gloria ORIGGI elements is a difficult exercise. But this is what will be needed. Max Planck Institute for Human Institut Jean Nicod, CNRS Manuel CASTELLS Development in Berlin Sascha LOBO Chairman of the Re-Imagine Europa Taskforce on Author and speaker Paula PETERS To be able to achieve this we will need to construct a new way of analysing these issues working Democracy in a Digital Society, Wallis Annenberg Valéry GISCARD d’ESTAING Vice President of Change.org Chair Professor of Communication Technology and Former President of France and President of Re-Ima- together with shared narratives and images that people can understand and reference to. This will Antonio LOPRIENO Society at the Annenberg gine Europa President of ALL European Academies (ALLEA) be the core of the Re-Imagine Europa Task Force on Democracy in a Digital Society: to reimagine School of Communication, University of Southern democracy in a digital society. California

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 47

condemned. Fourthly, continuous development of critical and analytical thinking skills at Christophe GLAUSER Joe LYNAM all levels of education is crucial. Last but not Key takeaways: Director of the Institute IFAAR, Institute for Applied Disinformation Specialist at the EU Commission least, reduction of the bureaucratic workload Argumentation Research former BBC Broadcaster of scientists is necessary. For example, there is To conclude, the main take-aways from the forum can be summarised as Anthony GOOCH Lorenzo MARSILI a need for implementing more freedom of follows: Director of Public Affairs & Communications at the Director of European Alternatives Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop- choice of science translators and author’s ment (OECD) Maria Grazia MATTEI Andrea ALMEIDA CORDERO Luca DE BIASE Founder and President at MEET – Fondazione Cariplo editors by scientists for their manuscripts · Democracy in a digital society is an existential question for Europe and Member of Cabinet / Personal Assistant to Commis- Media Ecology Director of Re-Imagine Europe and Jonathan HACKENBROICH before submission to a journal. sioner Mariya Gabriel Chief Editor of Nòva24 – Il Sole 24 Ore should be a key priority for the next mandate. This should be reflected both European Council of Foreign Relations (ECFR) Luisa MEISEL Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and in the European Commission set-up (examples: a Vice President responsi- Laure ANSQUER Jens DEGETT Bernd HALLING the Media, Germany The question was raised, whether this debate Avocat à la Cour President of the European Union of Science Journa- ble for this area; a Directorate General responsible for this area) as well as Head of Corporate Policy and Strategy at Bayer lists’ Associations could realistically be taken to the EU level. It Catherine MILLER in the priorities of the next Commission; Elisabeth ARDAILLON-POIRER Isabella HERMANN Director of Policy at Doteveryone made no doubt that citizens develop a sense Senior Policy Adviser of the European Political Sara DIEFENBACH Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Strategy Centre of the European Commission Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and of agency and ownership at national level, but Humanities Gianluca MISURACA · The important work on combatting disinformation needs to continue with the Media, Germany Senior Scientist at the European Commission’s Joint are European values strong enough and Maria BAGHRAMIAN stronger measures to be put in place to ensure that the core values of living Stijn HOORENS Research Centre Professor in the School of Philosophy at University Paul-Jasper DITTRICH shared to extrapolate these issues at EU Director RAND Europe democratic societies not be threatened: value of privacy, value of public College Dublin Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Institute Berlin level? Arnau MONTERDE discourse in the pluralistic society and the value of human dignity; Martin HYNES Open University of Catalunya and responsible for François BALATE Luke DRURY President of the European Science Foundation Innovation, Development and Policy & Advocacy Director at the European Youth Professor Emeritus at Dublin Institute for Advanced The point was made that it would be extre- Research on Participation in Barcelona. · Re-Imagine Europa proposes to set-up a European strategic centre for Forum Studies mely challenging to control or mediate the Susanna IRLES ALLEA Communications and Media Relations Officer Christal MOREHOUSE understanding how this new media landscape is affecting public discourse Brando BENIFEI Jérôme DUBERRY internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to Senior Program Officer at the Open Society Initiative Member of the European Parliament and Member of Centre de Compétences Dusan Sidjanski en Etudes and to actively promote the development of a healthy public discourse: Wolfgang JAMANN for Europe (OSIFE) fake news. the European Internet Forum Européennes of the University of Geneva Re-Imagine Europa ECHO (European Centre for Hyperconnected Executive Director of the International Civil Society Centre Matteo NICOLOSI Outreach) Naja BENTZEN Sebastian FAIRHURST Author and science writer It was mentioned that in Europe one person Policy Analyst, European Parliamentary Research Director, Head of Public Policy, Santander Matthias JOHANNSEN Service out of six has a low literacy level, and that ALLEA Executive Director Hannu NIEMINEN · More efforts and financing need to be put in place to promote and test Anna Maria FLEETWOOD Prof of Media and Communications Policy at the reaching out to this public in a digital world Gabriel BIANCHI Swedish Research Council citizen engagement platforms in this new ecosystem. A European ecosys- Daniel KAISER University of Helsinki Council of demands inclusive tools. Slovak Academy of Sciences ALLEA Scientific Policy Officer Finnish Academies tem needs to be promoted to allow for these initiatives to flourish and they Eva FLECKEN Jaak BILLIET Director of Public Policy & EU Affairs DACH (Germany, need to be seen as a key priority when developing other regulations (GDPR Konstantinos KALLERGIS Justin NOGAREDE Emeritus Professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Austria and Switzerland) at Sky 9 European Parliament’s Spokesperson Unit Digital Policy Adviser at Foundation for European and Copyright Directive); Leuven Deutschland Progressive Studies Natascha KELLER CALI Jeremy BREY Franck FOURNIOL Chargée des Affaires internationales/Cabinet de V. Ed NOORT · Use traditional regulation where necessary, like competition law, intellec- Scientific Advice Mechanism Unit, DG Research and The Royal Society Giscard d’Estaing Prof. Em. of Ancient Hebrew Literature and the History Innovation, European Commission tual property law, law of defamation, etc. to correct the most pressing of Religion of Ancient Israel, Nicola FRANK Giovanni LA PLACA ALLEA Vice President market failures; Kinga BRUDZINSKA Head of European Affairs of the European Broadcas- Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Senior Researcher at GLOBSEC Policy Institute ting Union Andrzej NOWAK Catherine LECLERCQ University of Warsaw · We need better access to social media data for research. Building experti- Daphne BULLESBACH Mariya GABRIEL Secrétaire de la commission des affaires européennes Onora O’NEILL Executive Director at European Alternatives European Commissioner for the Digital Economy and se on how platforms shape discourse dynamics or how they impact elec- – Barreau de Paris Co-chair of the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and Society Expertise and former tion campaigns, and developing tools to monitor democratic processes Carl-Christian BUHR Christophe LECLERCQ President of the British Academy Deputy Head of Cabinet of Commissioner Mariya Gerd GIGERENZER online depends on adequate data access. Founder of EURACTIV media network & Chairman of Gabriel Director of the Harding Center for Risk Literacy at the Fondation EURACTIV Gloria ORIGGI Max Planck Institute for Human Institut Jean Nicod, CNRS Manuel CASTELLS Development in Berlin · Reimagine the current very aggressive and advertisement-driven busi- Sascha LOBO Chairman of the Re-Imagine Europa Taskforce on Author and speaker Paula PETERS ness model of the media ecosystem where the main currency is “attention” Democracy in a Digital Society, Wallis Annenberg Valéry GISCARD d’ESTAING Vice President of Change.org Chair Professor of Communication Technology and Former President of France and President of Re-Ima- and where “truth” and arguments are not profitable; a model that is Antonio LOPRIENO Society at the Annenberg gine Europa President of ALL European Academies (ALLEA) skewing reality, sensationalizing everything and that benefits from polari- School of Communication, University of Southern zation and hot-headed debates. California

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 48

condemned. Fourthly, continuous development of critical and analytical thinking skills at Re-Imagine Europa and ALLEA would like to thank all the participants Christophe GLAUSER Joe LYNAM all levels of education is crucial. Last but not Director of the Institute IFAAR, Institute for Applied Disinformation Specialist at the EU Commission least, reduction of the bureaucratic workload and contributors to this report, listed below in alphabetical order, for Argumentation Research former BBC Broadcaster their support and time. of scientists is necessary. For example, there is Anthony GOOCH Lorenzo MARSILI a need for implementing more freedom of Director of Public Affairs & Communications at the Director of European Alternatives Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop- choice of science translators and author’s ment (OECD) Maria Grazia MATTEI Andrea ALMEIDA CORDERO Luca DE BIASE Founder and President at MEET – Fondazione Cariplo editors by scientists for their manuscripts Member of Cabinet / Personal Assistant to Commis- Media Ecology Director of Re-Imagine Europe and Jonathan HACKENBROICH before submission to a journal. sioner Mariya Gabriel Chief Editor of Nòva24 – Il Sole 24 Ore European Council of Foreign Relations (ECFR) Luisa MEISEL Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and Laure ANSQUER Jens DEGETT Bernd HALLING the Media, Germany The question was raised, whether this debate Avocat à la Cour President of the European Union of Science Journa- Head of Corporate Policy and Strategy at Bayer lists’ Associations could realistically be taken to the EU level. It Catherine MILLER Elisabeth ARDAILLON-POIRER Isabella HERMANN Director of Policy at Doteveryone made no doubt that citizens develop a sense Senior Policy Adviser of the European Political Sara DIEFENBACH Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Strategy Centre of the European Commission Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and of agency and ownership at national level, but Humanities Gianluca MISURACA the Media, Germany Senior Scientist at the European Commission’s Joint are European values strong enough and Maria BAGHRAMIAN Stijn HOORENS Research Centre Professor in the School of Philosophy at University Paul-Jasper DITTRICH shared to extrapolate these issues at EU Director RAND Europe College Dublin Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Institute Berlin level? Arnau MONTERDE Martin HYNES Open University of Catalunya and responsible for François BALATE Luke DRURY President of the European Science Foundation Innovation, Development and Policy & Advocacy Director at the European Youth Professor Emeritus at Dublin Institute for Advanced The point was made that it would be extre- Research on Participation in Barcelona. Forum Studies mely challenging to control or mediate the Susanna IRLES ALLEA Communications and Media Relations Officer Christal MOREHOUSE Brando BENIFEI Jérôme DUBERRY internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to Senior Program Officer at the Open Society Initiative Member of the European Parliament and Member of Centre de Compétences Dusan Sidjanski en Etudes Wolfgang JAMANN for Europe (OSIFE) fake news. the European Internet Forum Européennes of the University of Geneva Executive Director of the International Civil Society Centre Matteo NICOLOSI Naja BENTZEN Sebastian FAIRHURST Author and science writer It was mentioned that in Europe one person Policy Analyst, European Parliamentary Research Director, Head of Public Policy, Santander Matthias JOHANNSEN Service out of six has a low literacy level, and that ALLEA Executive Director Hannu NIEMINEN Anna Maria FLEETWOOD Prof of Media and Communications Policy at the reaching out to this public in a digital world Gabriel BIANCHI Swedish Research Council Daniel KAISER University of Helsinki Council of demands inclusive tools. Slovak Academy of Sciences ALLEA Scientific Policy Officer Finnish Academies Eva FLECKEN Jaak BILLIET Director of Public Policy & EU Affairs DACH (Germany, Konstantinos KALLERGIS Justin NOGAREDE Emeritus Professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Austria and Switzerland) at Sky European Parliament’s Spokesperson Unit Digital Policy Adviser at Foundation for European Leuven Deutschland Progressive Studies Natascha KELLER CALI Jeremy BREY Franck FOURNIOL Chargée des Affaires internationales/Cabinet de V. Ed NOORT Scientific Advice Mechanism Unit, DG Research and The Royal Society Giscard d’Estaing Prof. Em. of Ancient Hebrew Literature and the History Innovation, European Commission of Religion of Ancient Israel, Nicola FRANK Giovanni LA PLACA ALLEA Vice President Kinga BRUDZINSKA Head of European Affairs of the European Broadcas- Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Senior Researcher at GLOBSEC Policy Institute ting Union Andrzej NOWAK Catherine LECLERCQ University of Warsaw Daphne BULLESBACH Mariya GABRIEL Secrétaire de la commission des affaires européennes Onora O’NEILL Executive Director at European Alternatives European Commissioner for the Digital Economy and – Barreau de Paris Co-chair of the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and Society Expertise and former Carl-Christian BUHR Christophe LECLERCQ President of the British Academy Deputy Head of Cabinet of Commissioner Mariya Gerd GIGERENZER Founder of EURACTIV media network & Chairman of Gabriel Director of the Harding Center for Risk Literacy at the Fondation EURACTIV Gloria ORIGGI Max Planck Institute for Human Institut Jean Nicod, CNRS Manuel CASTELLS Development in Berlin Sascha LOBO Chairman of the Re-Imagine Europa Taskforce on Author and speaker Paula PETERS Democracy in a Digital Society, Wallis Annenberg Valéry GISCARD d’ESTAING Vice President of Change.org Chair Professor of Communication Technology and Former President of France and President of Re-Ima- Antonio LOPRIENO Society at the Annenberg gine Europa President of ALL European Academies (ALLEA) School of Communication, University of Southern California

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 49

condemned. Fourthly, continuous development of critical and analytical thinking skills at Christophe GLAUSER Joe LYNAM all levels of education is crucial. Last but not Director of the Institute IFAAR, Institute for Applied Disinformation Specialist at the EU Commission least, reduction of the bureaucratic workload Argumentation Research former BBC Broadcaster of scientists is necessary. For example, there is Anthony GOOCH Lorenzo MARSILI a need for implementing more freedom of Director of Public Affairs & Communications at the Director of European Alternatives Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop- choice of science translators and author’s ment (OECD) Maria Grazia MATTEI Andrea ALMEIDA CORDERO Luca DE BIASE Founder and President at MEET – Fondazione Cariplo editors by scientists for their manuscripts Member of Cabinet / Personal Assistant to Commis- Media Ecology Director of Re-Imagine Europe and Jonathan HACKENBROICH before submission to a journal. sioner Mariya Gabriel Chief Editor of Nòva24 – Il Sole 24 Ore European Council of Foreign Relations (ECFR) Luisa MEISEL Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and Laure ANSQUER Jens DEGETT Bernd HALLING the Media, Germany The question was raised, whether this debate Avocat à la Cour President of the European Union of Science Journa- Head of Corporate Policy and Strategy at Bayer lists’ Associations could realistically be taken to the EU level. It Catherine MILLER Elisabeth ARDAILLON-POIRER Isabella HERMANN Director of Policy at Doteveryone made no doubt that citizens develop a sense Senior Policy Adviser of the European Political Sara DIEFENBACH Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Strategy Centre of the European Commission Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and of agency and ownership at national level, but Humanities Gianluca MISURACA the Media, Germany Senior Scientist at the European Commission’s Joint are European values strong enough and Maria BAGHRAMIAN Stijn HOORENS Research Centre Professor in the School of Philosophy at University Paul-Jasper DITTRICH shared to extrapolate these issues at EU Director RAND Europe College Dublin Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Institute Berlin level? Arnau MONTERDE Martin HYNES Open University of Catalunya and responsible for François BALATE Luke DRURY President of the European Science Foundation Innovation, Development and Policy & Advocacy Director at the European Youth Professor Emeritus at Dublin Institute for Advanced The point was made that it would be extre- Research on Participation in Barcelona. Forum Studies mely challenging to control or mediate the Susanna IRLES ALLEA Communications and Media Relations Officer Christal MOREHOUSE Brando BENIFEI Jérôme DUBERRY internet. The key is to learn how to react fast to Senior Program Officer at the Open Society Initiative Member of the European Parliament and Member of Centre de Compétences Dusan Sidjanski en Etudes Wolfgang JAMANN for Europe (OSIFE) fake news. the European Internet Forum Européennes of the University of Geneva Executive Director of the International Civil Society Centre Matteo NICOLOSI Naja BENTZEN Sebastian FAIRHURST Author and science writer It was mentioned that in Europe one person Policy Analyst, European Parliamentary Research Director, Head of Public Policy, Santander Matthias JOHANNSEN Service out of six has a low literacy level, and that ALLEA Executive Director Hannu NIEMINEN Anna Maria FLEETWOOD Prof of Media and Communications Policy at the reaching out to this public in a digital world Gabriel BIANCHI Swedish Research Council Daniel KAISER University of Helsinki Council of demands inclusive tools. Slovak Academy of Sciences ALLEA Scientific Policy Officer Finnish Academies Eva FLECKEN Jaak BILLIET Director of Public Policy & EU Affairs DACH (Germany, Konstantinos KALLERGIS Justin NOGAREDE Emeritus Professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Austria and Switzerland) at Sky European Parliament’s Spokesperson Unit Digital Policy Adviser at Foundation for European Leuven Deutschland Progressive Studies Natascha KELLER CALI Jeremy BREY Franck FOURNIOL Chargée des Affaires internationales/Cabinet de V. Ed NOORT Scientific Advice Mechanism Unit, DG Research and The Royal Society Giscard d’Estaing Prof. Em. of Ancient Hebrew Literature and the History Innovation, European Commission of Religion of Ancient Israel, Nicola FRANK Giovanni LA PLACA ALLEA Vice President Kinga BRUDZINSKA Head of European Affairs of the European Broadcas- Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Senior Researcher at GLOBSEC Policy Institute ting Union Andrzej NOWAK Catherine LECLERCQ University of Warsaw Daphne BULLESBACH Mariya GABRIEL Secrétaire de la commission des affaires européennes Onora O’NEILL Executive Director at European Alternatives European Commissioner for the Digital Economy and – Barreau de Paris Co-chair of the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and Society Expertise and former Carl-Christian BUHR Christophe LECLERCQ President of the British Academy Deputy Head of Cabinet of Commissioner Mariya Gerd GIGERENZER Founder of EURACTIV media network & Chairman of Gabriel Director of the Harding Center for Risk Literacy at the Fondation EURACTIV Gloria ORIGGI Max Planck Institute for Human Institut Jean Nicod, CNRS Manuel CASTELLS Development in Berlin Sascha LOBO Chairman of the Re-Imagine Europa Taskforce on Author and speaker Paula PETERS Democracy in a Digital Society, Wallis Annenberg Valéry GISCARD d’ESTAING Vice President of Change.org Chair Professor of Communication Technology and Former President of France and President of Re-Ima- Antonio LOPRIENO Society at the Annenberg gine Europa President of ALL European Academies (ALLEA) School of Communication, University of Southern California

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 50

Krzysztof SZUBERT Holger WORMER Former Secretary of State / Deputy Minister of Digital Chair of Science Journalism at TU Dortmund Aﬀairs, Poland. Visiting Fellow, University University of Oxford, UK. Strategic Advisor of National Christophe GLAUSER Joe LYNAM Director of the Institute IFAAR, Institute for Applied Disinformation Specialist at the EU Commission Argumentation Research former BBC Broadcaster

Anthony GOOCH Lorenzo MARSILI Director of Public Affairs & Communications at the Director of European Alternatives Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Develop- ment (OECD) Maria Grazia MATTEI Andrea ALMEIDA CORDERO Luca DE BIASE Founder and President at MEET – Fondazione Cariplo Member of Cabinet / Personal Assistant to Commis- Media Ecology Director of Re-Imagine Europe and Jonathan HACKENBROICH sioner Mariya Gabriel Chief Editor of Nòva24 – Il Sole 24 Ore European Council of Foreign Relations (ECFR) Luisa MEISEL Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and Laure ANSQUER Jens DEGETT Bernd HALLING the Media, Germany Avocat à la Cour President of the European Union of Science Journa- Head of Corporate Policy and Strategy at Bayer lists’ Associations Catherine MILLER Elisabeth ARDAILLON-POIRER Isabella HERMANN Director of Policy at Doteveryone Senior Policy Adviser of the European Political Sara DIEFENBACH Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Strategy Centre of the European Commission Advisor to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and Humanities Gianluca MISURACA the Media, Germany Senior Scientist at the European Commission’s Joint Maria BAGHRAMIAN Stijn HOORENS Research Centre Professor in the School of Philosophy at University Paul-Jasper DITTRICH Director RAND Europe College Dublin Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Institute Berlin Arnau MONTERDE Martin HYNES Open University of Catalunya and responsible for François BALATE Luke DRURY President of the European Science Foundation Innovation, Development and Policy & Advocacy Director at the European Youth Professor Emeritus at Dublin Institute for Advanced Research on Participation in Barcelona. Forum Studies Susanna IRLES ALLEA Communications and Media Relations Officer Christal MOREHOUSE Brando BENIFEI Jérôme DUBERRY Senior Program Officer at the Open Society Initiative Member of the European Parliament and Member of Centre de Compétences Dusan Sidjanski en Etudes Wolfgang JAMANN for Europe (OSIFE) the European Internet Forum Européennes of the University of Geneva Executive Director of the International Civil Society Centre Matteo NICOLOSI Naja BENTZEN Sebastian FAIRHURST Author and science writer Policy Analyst, European Parliamentary Research Director, Head of Public Policy, Santander Matthias JOHANNSEN Service ALLEA Executive Director Hannu NIEMINEN Anna Maria FLEETWOOD Prof of Media and Communications Policy at the Gabriel BIANCHI Swedish Research Council Daniel KAISER University of Helsinki Council of Slovak Academy of Sciences ALLEA Scientific Policy Officer Finnish Academies Eva FLECKEN Jaak BILLIET Director of Public Policy & EU Affairs DACH (Germany, Konstantinos KALLERGIS Justin NOGAREDE Emeritus Professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Austria and Switzerland) at Sky European Parliament’s Spokesperson Unit Digital Policy Adviser at Foundation for European Leuven Deutschland Progressive Studies Natascha KELLER CALI Jeremy BREY Franck FOURNIOL Chargée des Affaires internationales/Cabinet de V. Ed NOORT Scientific Advice Mechanism Unit, DG Research and The Royal Society Giscard d’Estaing Prof. Em. of Ancient Hebrew Literature and the History Innovation, European Commission of Religion of Ancient Israel, Nicola FRANK Giovanni LA PLACA ALLEA Vice President Kinga BRUDZINSKA Head of European Affairs of the European Broadcas- Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Senior Researcher at GLOBSEC Policy Institute ting Union Andrzej NOWAK Catherine LECLERCQ University of Warsaw Daphne BULLESBACH Mariya GABRIEL Secrétaire de la commission des affaires européennes Onora O’NEILL Executive Director at European Alternatives European Commissioner for the Digital Economy and – Barreau de Paris Co-chair of the ALLEA Working Group Truth, Trust and Society Expertise and former Carl-Christian BUHR Christophe LECLERCQ President of the British Academy Deputy Head of Cabinet of Commissioner Mariya Gerd GIGERENZER Founder of EURACTIV media network & Chairman of Gabriel Director of the Harding Center for Risk Literacy at the Fondation EURACTIV Gloria ORIGGI Max Planck Institute for Human Institut Jean Nicod, CNRS Manuel CASTELLS Development in Berlin Sascha LOBO Chairman of the Re-Imagine Europa Taskforce on Author and speaker Paula PETERS Democracy in a Digital Society, Wallis Annenberg Valéry GISCARD d’ESTAING Vice President of Change.org Chair Professor of Communication Technology and Former President of France and President of Re-Ima- Antonio LOPRIENO Society at the Annenberg gine Europa President of ALL European Academies (ALLEA) School of Communication, University of Southern California

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 51 Christophe GLAUSER Joe LYNAM Director of the Institute IFAAR, Institute for Applied Disinformation Specialist at the EU Commission Argumentation Research former BBC Broadcaster

Re-Imagine-Europa / ALLEA - All European Academies

PAG 52 Christophe GLAUSER Joe LYNAM Director of the Institute IFAAR, Institute for Applied Disinformation Specialist at the EU Commission Argumentation Research former BBC Broadcaster

Krzysztof SZUBERT Holger WORMER Former Secretary of State / Deputy Minister of Digital Chair of Science Journalism at TU Dortmund Aﬀairs, Poland. Visiting Fellow, University University of Oxford, UK. Strategic Advisor of National Christophe GLAUSER Joe LYNAM Director of the Institute IFAAR, Institute for Applied Disinformation Specialist at the EU Commission Argumentation Research former BBC Broadcaster

Krzysztof SZUBERT Holger WORMER Former Secretary of State / Deputy Minister of Digital Chair of Science Journalism at TU Dortmund HOST STRATEGIC PARTNER MEDIA PARTNER Aﬀairs, Poland. Visiting Fellow, University University of Oxford, UK. Strategic Advisor of National