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Pengembangan Objek Wisata Budaya : Taman Prasejarah Leang-Leang, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan

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Pengembangan Objek Wisata Budaya : Taman Prasejarah Leang-Leang, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan PENGEMBANGAN OBJEK WISATA BUDAYA : TAMAN PRASEJARAH LEANG-LEANG, MAROS, SULAWESI SELATAN Enny Mulyantari NIDN. Dosen Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata AMPTA Yogyakarta Email : [email protected] ABSTRACT In the current era of globalization, the tourism sector has become one of the largest and strongest industries in the world, as well as the largest contributor to public and state revenues. Tourism has become part of the lives of people starting from the existing community in the city to the community in the village. Maros Regency in South Sulawesi has a lot of tourist attractions but the community has not been fully able to identify the tourism potential that exists in the region. This study aims to promote the potential, important values and strategies for the management and development of the Leang-leang Prehistoric Park as a tourist destination. The research result shows that Leang-Leang Prehistoric Park has a cultural tourist attraction containing commercial values that attract many tourists, with the assurance that the expenditure, time and cost,is worth for the experience obtained during the visit. Keywords: important value, tourist object, development, cultural heritage PENDAHULUAN dinyatakan Pemerintah, Pemerintah Daerah Pariwisata adalah suatu rangkaian dan setiap orang dapat memanfaatkan aktivitas yang dapat dipahami dari berbagai Cagar Budaya untuk kepentingan pendekatan dan keberadaannya tidak agama,sosial, pendidikan, ilmu terlepas dari kehidupan manusia (Ismayanti, pengetahuan, kebudayaan dan 2010). Dalam Undang-Undang RI nomor teknologi,dan pariwisata. Kedua produk 10 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepariwisataan hukum negara yang berupa undang-undang dijelaskan antara lain, kepariwisataan diatas, merupakan pegangan dalam upaya adalah keseluruh-an kegiatan yang terkait pengembangan warisan budaya Taman dengan pariwisata dan bersifat Prasejarah Leang-leang. multidimensi dan multidisiplin yang Pentingnya warisan budaya perlu muncul sebagai wujud kebutuhan setiap dikembangkan sebagai objek wisata budaya orang dan negara serta interaksi antara agar memiliki manfaat ganda yang wisatawan, masyarakat setempat, sesama diharapkan mampu meningkatkan devisa wisatawan, pemerintah, daerah, dan negara. Karena keberadaan warisan budaya pengusaha. sudah diatur dalam UU Cagar Budaya No. Sementara itu di dalam Undang- 11 tahun 2010, maka upaya pengembangan Undang RI Nomor 11 tahun 2010 tentang objek wisata harus mengikuti aturan Cagar Budaya khususnya pasal 85 tersebut. Dalam konsep pengembangan 684 Jurnal Media Wisata, Volume 16, Nomor 1, Mei 2018 warisan budaya terdapat prinsip pelestarian Namun demikian pembanguanan pariwisata yang tidak dapat diabaikan antara lain tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, tetapi perlu karena sifat warisan budaya tidak dapat bekerjasama dengan berbagai pihak terbaharui (non renewable), tidak dapat termasuk di dalamnya pemerintah, dipindahkan (non movable), terbatas pemangku kepentingan, dan masyarakat. jumlahnya, dan rapuh (fragile vulnerable). Dalam upaya mempertahankan kualitas Dengan demikian dalam mengembangkan yang ditawarkan dengan dasar Rencana diperlukan kehati-hatian, karena Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional dikhawatirkan ada unsur mengubah atau Tahun 2015-2019, merupakan strategi memperbaharui (Sulistyanto, 2008). pembangunan nasional. Dalam strategi Lebih lanjut pada pasal 78 Undang- pembangunan nasional ini, salah satu Undang No 11 tahun 2010 tentang Cagar proritasnya adalah membangun sektor Budaya dijelaskan bahwa, ―Pengembangan unggulan, termasuk didalamnya sektor Cagar Budaya dilakukan dengan memper- pariwisata. Rencana tersebut harus hatikan prinsip pemanfaatan, keamanan, didukung oleh kebijakan pembangunan keterawatan, keaslian, nilai-nilai yang pariwisata sesuai arah Kebijakan Rencana terkandung di dalamnya‖. Pada prinsipnya Induk Pembangunan Pariwisata Nasional pasal tersebut menegaskan, bahwa upaya (Ripparnas) 2010-2015 yaitu dengan pengembangan harus menerapkan konsep pengembangan destinasi wisata, pemasaran berwawasan pelestarian. pariwisata, industri pariwisata, dan Sementara itu Yoeti (2008) kelembagaan pariwisata (Teguh dan menegaskan program pemerintah Avenzora, 2013). berkeinginan untuk mengembangkan Kawasan Maros Sulawesi Selatan pariwisata sebagai suatu industri dengan merupakan salah satu wilayah yang kaya tujuan untuk mempercepat proses akan daya tarik wisata baik wisata alam, kesempatan berusaha, kesempatan bekerja, wisata sejarah, maupun wisata budaya. peningkatan pemerataan pendapatan Berdasarkan penelitian arkeologi ada masyarakat, terutama bagi mereka yang sekitar 57 situs gua di wilayah Maros yang berusaha dalam industri pariwisata. Ada dapat dikembangkan sebagai destinasi beberapa komponen ekonomi pariwisata wisata. Dari sekian banyak daya tarik yang mempengaruhi pendapatan nasional wisata tersebut, terdapat salah satu daya antara lain pengeluaran wisatawan tarik wisata sejarah yang banyak dikunjungi nusantara dan pengeluaran wisatawan wisatawan yaitu Taman Prasejarah Leang- mancanegara, investasi dari pemerintah leang di Kabupaten Maros. Objek wisata ini atau swasta di sektor pariwisata, berada di dalam wilayah Taman Nasional pengeluaran promosi pariwisata, dan Bantimurung, dalam jajaran pegunungan pengeluaran usaha bidang pariwisata karst yang sudah berumur ribuan tahun dan (Hermawan, 2012). diakui sebagai kawasan karst terbesar kedua Pada dasarnya uraian di atas ingin di dunia setelah Guangzhou di China menjelaskan, bahwa peranan sektor (Fadlan dkk, 2012). pariwisata penting dikembangkan dalam Sebagai objek wisata, kawasan upaya pertumbuhan ekonomi guna Taman Prasejarah Leang-leang terdapat tiga mencapai kesejahteraan masyarakat. buah gua yang sudah dibuka dan Jurnal Media Wisata, Volume 16, Nomor 1, Mei 2018 685 dikembangkan sebagai objek wisata yaitu sarana dan prasarana yang lebih lengkap Gua Sumpang Bita dan Leang-leang yang untuk menunjang keberhasilannya sebagai terdapat di dalam kawasan TNBB dan Gua destinasi wisata. Namun, mampukah Biringere yang terdapat di luar kawasan kawasan tersebut menyesuaikan diri agar karena terletak dekat dengan lokasi pabrik pelestarian dan konservasi semen di Kabupaten Pangkep (BP3, 2011). lingkungan/sumber daya alam, khususnya Di dalam gua tersebut terdapat tinggalan potensi sejarah dan budaya berjalan seiring arkeologis berupa lukisan cap telapak dengan pengembangan kegiatan pariwisata. tangan, alat batu, dan sampah dapur. Gua Upaya pengembangan pariwisata kedua Leang Burung 2 terdapat tinggalan memerlukan kerja keras disamping strategi berupa lukisan cap telapak tangan, yang tepat sesuai dengan kondisi sedangkan gua ketiga adalah gua Leang lingkungan. Pangngie di bagian dinding tertera cap Pengamatan yang mendalam terhadap telapak tangan berwarna merah, gambar objek wisata ini, memang memiliki babi. Gua-gua ini merupakan bukti sejarah berbagai potensi alam dan budaya yang adanya kehidupan manusia masa lalu yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai destinasi menggunakan gua sebagai sarana untuk wisata. Namun, masyarakat belum mampu hunian, dan saat ini sudah dibuka untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan-permasa- umum sebagai objek tujuan wisata. lahan yang ada di wilayah tersebut. Pengunjung di Taman Prasejarah Leang- Berdasarkan uraian pada latar belakang di leang berasal dari berbagai kalangan, yaitu atas, masalah yang ingin diteliti dalam terdiri atas pengunjung umum, asing, dinas, makalah ini dapat dirumuskan sebagai maupun dari kalangan pelajar/mahasiswa berikut. dan ilmuwan. 1. Potensi-potensi apakah yang ada yang Taman Prasejarah Leang-leang secara ada di Taman Prasejarah Leang- administratif termasuk dalam wilayah Desa leang? Leang-leang, Kelurahan Kalabbirang yang 2. Nilai penting apa saja yang berada di wilayah Kecamatan Bantimurung, terkandung dalam obyek wisaya Kabupaten Maros, Propinsi Sulawesi tersebut? Selatan. Terletak 34.9 km sebelah utara 3. Bagaimana strategi pengembangan Kota Makassar. Kawasan ini dapat dicapai DTW Taman Prasejarah Leang-leang dalam waktu ± 1,5 jam dengan ke depan? menggunakan kendaraan roda dua maupun Dengan demikian tujuan yang ingin roda empat. Dari kota Makassar melalui dicapai dalam penelitian ini secara khusus jalan poros Bone pada kilometer 34.9 belok adalah mengidentifikasi potensi-potensi kiri menyusuri jalan desa ke arah utara yang ada di lingkungan Taman Prasejarah sampai ke kaki perbukitan karst (BP3, Leang-leang dan mengungkapkan nilai 2011). penting serta menjabarkan strategi yang Pembangunan dan pengembangan paling sesuai dalam pengelolaan Taman Taman Prasejarah Leang-leang sebagai Prasejarah Leang-leang sebagai destinasi objek wisata sejarah dan budaya berdampak wisata yang berbasis kerakyatan. semakin banyaknya pengunjung yang datang dan fenomena ini diperlukannya 686 Jurnal Media Wisata, Volume 16, Nomor 1, Mei 2018 LITERATURE RIVIEW budidaya manusia, seperti perkebunan dan Pengembangan peternakan. Pengertian pengembangan dijelaskan oleh Winardi (2013) yaitu proses, cara, 2. Daya Tarik Wisata Budaya perbuatan menjadikan maju atau Daya tarik wisata budaya merupakan pembangunan secara bertahap, teratur dan daya tarik wisata yang berdasarkan pada berkelanjuntan, yang menjurus ke sasaran mosaik tempat, tradisi, kesenian, upacara- yang dikehendaki. Pengembangan juga upacara, dan pengalaman memotret suatu dapat dinilai sebagai respon terhadap bangsa atau suku bangsa dengan perubahan yang selalu terjadi dari waktu ke masyarakat, yang merefleksikan waktu. Didalam mengupayakan keanekaragaman (diversity) dan identitas pengembangan, perencanaan yang baik (karakter) dari masyarakat atau bangsa menjadi
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