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SIC IT4070008 Pineta Di Cervia Quadro Conoscitivo Gennaio 2018

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SIC IT4070008 Pineta Di Cervia Quadro Conoscitivo Gennaio 2018 SIC IT4070008 Pineta di Cervia Quadro conoscitivo Gennaio 2018 RETE NATURA 2000 – SIC IT4070008 PINETA DI CERVIA – QUADRO CONOSCITIVO Sommario 1. Premessa.................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Introduzione al sito ..................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Descrizione fisica........................................................................................................................................ 5 3.1 Collocazione e confini del sito ........................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Clima.................................................................................................................................................. 6 3.3 Geologia e geomorfologia.................................................................................................................. 8 3.4 Pedologia ......................................................................................................................................... 14 3.5 Idrografia ed idrologia ...................................................................................................................... 16 4. Descrizione biologica................................................................................................................................ 18 4.1 Flora................................................................................................................................................. 18 4.2 Vegetazione ..................................................................................................................................... 22 4.3 Habitat e processi ecologici ............................................................................................................ 41 4.3.1 Habitat di interesse comunitario presenti nel sito ........................................................................ 41 4.3.2 Habitat di interesse regionale presenti nel sito............................................................................ 54 4.4 Fauna............................................................................................................................................... 56 4.5 Uso del suolo ................................................................................................................................... 67 5. Descrizione socio-economica................................................................................................................... 68 5.1 Soggetti amministrativi e gestionali che hanno competenze sul territorio nel quale ricade il sito ... 68 5.2 Inventario dei piani........................................................................................................................... 70 5.3 Inventario dei vincoli ........................................................................................................................ 83 5.4 Inventario delle regolamentazioni .................................................................................................... 83 5.5 Inventario dei progetti ...................................................................................................................... 92 5.6 Aspetti socioeconomici .................................................................................................................... 99 6. Descrizione dei beni culturali.................................................................................................................. 124 7. Descrizione del paesaggio ..................................................................................................................... 128 8. Valutazione delle esigenze ecologiche e dello stato di conservazione di habitat e specie ................... 133 8.1 Habitat naturali di interesse comunitario........................................................................................ 133 8.2 Habitat di interesse conservazionistico regionale.......................................................................... 141 8.3 Specie vegetali di interesse conservazionistico ............................................................................ 143 8.4 Specie animali di interesse conservazionistico ............................................................................. 156 8.5 Scelta degli indicatori utili per la valutazione dello stato di conservazione ed il monitoraggio delle attività di gestione....................................................................................................................................... 167 8.6 Assetto idrobiologico...................................................................................................................... 176 8.7 Programmi di monitoraggio............................................................................................................ 177 9. Bibliografia .............................................................................................................................................. 206 2 RETE NATURA 2000 – SIC IT4070008 PINETA DI CERVIA – QUADRO CONOSCITIVO 1. Premessa La Pineta di Cervia è stata individuata come SIC per la prima volta con la D.G.R. n. 2042 del 21 novembre 2000, in cui la Regione Emilia-Romagna si esprime una prima volta in merito all'elenco di SIC proposti (pSIC) dal Ministero dell'Ambiente a seguito del progetto Bioitaly (cfr. D.M. del 3.4.2000). Questo atto regionale è stato poi recepito in maniera definitiva con la Decisione della Commissione UE n. 2004/798/CE. Successivamente il sito è stato definitivamente designato SIC attraverso il Decreto Ministeriale “Elenco dei Siti di Importanza Comunitaria (SIC), per la regione biogeografica continentale, ai sensi della Direttiva n. 92/43/CEE”, emanato dal Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio in data 2.8.10, nonché tramite la Decisione con la quale la Commissione Europea in data 10.1.11 ha approvato l’Elenco dei Siti di Importanza Comunitaria per la regione biogeografica continentale, ai sensi della Direttiva 92/43/CEE, all’interno della quale ricadono tutti i SIC della regione Emilia-Romagna. Il sito è stato definitivamente designato ZPS attraverso il Decreto Ministeriale “"Elenco delle Zone di Protezione Speciale (ZPS), classificate ai sensi della direttiva 79/409/CEE", emanato dal Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio in data 05.07.2007. Il quadro conoscitivo è stato redatto sulla base, oltre che degli studi di caratterizzazione ambientale condotti, anche dell’analisi socio-economica e storica del territorio indagato, e si conclude con la descrizione degli habitat e delle specie di interesse conservazionistico per l’area in esame individuati come oggetto della conservazione. Gli obiettivi e le strategie gestionali sono definiti sulla base dei risultati derivanti dal quadro conoscitivo. 2. Introduzione al sito La Pineta di Cervia è il lembo relitto più meridionale, ridotto e in parte degradato, della grande e storica pineta a pino domestico (Pinus pinea) che un tempo si estendeva ininterrottamente a Nord e a Sud della città di Ravenna. Introdotta su vasta scala dall’epoca tardo romana a quella napoleonica su antichi cordoni dunali, la pineta costiera ha subìto negli ultimi due secoli drastiche riduzioni e manomissioni. La Pineta di Cervia, che si estende su 194 ha, è oggi stretta tra il centro turistico di Milano Marittima sul lato a mare e coltivi o spazi ricreativi sul lato a monte fino al Canale immissario delle vicine Saline di Cervia, a Sud del quale la pineta è chiusa tra l’abitato e la ferrovia. Il sito comprende anche un prolungamento verso il mare nell’area dell’ex colonia Varese e, al di là dalla ferrovia, il Parco delle Terme gestito a verde urbano. Il sito risulta in massima parte incluso nella stazione “Pineta di Classe e Salina di Cervia” del Parco Regionale Delta del Po ed è per metà sottoposto a vincolo idrogeologico. Le ridotte dimensioni e la contiguità con aree fortemente urbanizzate, in una delle zone più turistiche della regione, determinano una elevatissima pressione antropica sul sito. 3 RETE NATURA 2000 – SIC IT4070008 PINETA DI CERVIA – QUADRO CONOSCITIVO FIGURA 1 - INQUADRAMENTO TERRITORIALE DEL SITO (FONTE: WWW.ERMESAMBIENTE.IT). 4 RETE NATURA 2000 – SIC IT4070008 PINETA DI CERVIA – QUADRO CONOSCITIVO 3. Descrizione fisica 3.1 Collocazione e confini del sito Il SIC “Pineta di Cervia” IT4070008 è collocato nel Comune di Cervia. Si sviluppa dalla linea di costa (piccolo tratto dell’area di Colonia Varese) lungo l’area della Pineta di Cervia dietro l’abitato di Milano Marittima. Il SIC IT4070008 ha una estensione di circa 194 ha e fa parte della regione bio-geografica continentale. L’area del SIC rappresenta il lembo meridionale residuo, la più piccola e degradata delle tre rimaste, dell'antica pineta ravennate a Pinus pinea. Stretta dal centro turistico di Cervia-Milano Marittima e in parte trasformata in parco cittadino. FIGURA 2 – LOCALIZZAZIONE SIC IT4070008. 5 RETE NATURA 2000 – SIC IT4070008 PINETA DI CERVIA – QUADRO CONOSCITIVO 3.2 Clima Generalità Il Sito oggetto di studio è localizzato all’interno della regione biogeografia continentale. In generale il clima di tipo continentale, tipico dell’area deltizia, è attenuato dall’azione mitigatrice del mare Adriatico. FIGURA 3 – REGIONI BIOGEOGRAFICHE. L'area di studio può essere inquadrata
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