13094 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 31, 1979 H.R. 2445: Mr. BETHUNE, Mr. EDGAR, Mr. H.R. 3283: Mr. MURPHY o! Pennsylvania, o! the Virgin Islands, Mr. LAFALCE, Mr. Mc BEARD o! Rhode Island, Mr. CAVANAUGH, Mr. Mr. WALGREN, Mr. MITCHELL o! Maryland, Mr. KINNEY, Mr. CHENEY, Mr. OTTINGER, Mr. FLORIO, Mr. FORSYTHE, Mr. BEDELL, Mr. PAT- GOODLING, Mr. HANLEY, Mr. BAILEY, Mr. GRISHAM, Mr. FISH, and Mr. GUDGER. TEN, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. DERWINSKI, Mr. RI- MARKEY, Mr. STOKES, Mr. WOLPE, Mr. JEN H.R. 4027: Mr. ANDREWS of North Dakota, NALDO, Mr. MOLLOHAN, Mr. COELHO, Mr. RETTE, Mr. GARCIA, Mr. EDGAR, Mr. BEDELL, Mr. Mr. BETHUNE, Mr. BEVILL, Mr. CAVANAUGH, COUGHLIN, Mr. KINDNESS, Mr. HAMMER- DASCHLE, Mr. WEISS, and Mr. HOWARD. Mr. DONNELLY, Mr. JENRETTE, Mr. LOTT, Mr. SCHMIDT, Mr. DANNEMEYER, Mr. PATTERSON, H.R. 3293: Mr. SEmERLING, Mr. BEDELL, Mr. MO'rTL, Mr. PEASE, Mr. SENSENBRENNER, Mr. and Mr. WALGREN. DoUGHERTY, Mr. LEACH o! Iowa, and Mr. SYMMS, Mr. WILLIAMS o! Ohio, and Mr. H.R. 2551: Mrs. FENWICK, Mr. BEILENSON, TAUKE. Y oUNG o! Missouri. Mr. SABO, Mr. VENTO, Mr. ROE, Mr. BONIOR o! H.R. 3294: Mr. SEmERLING, Mr. BEDELL, Mr. H.R. 4067: Mr. BREAUX. Michigan, Mr. EDGAR, Mr. DOWNEY, Mr. EVANS DOUGHERTY, Mr. LEACH o! Iowa and Mr. H.R. 422'4: Mrs. SNOWE. o! Georgia, Mr. BEDELL, Mr. EMERY, Mr. How- TAUKE. H.J. Res. 69: Mr. ADDABBO, Mr. BOWEN, Mr. ARD, Mr. CARR, Mr. PATTEN, Mr. AUCOIN, Mr. H.R. 3295: Mr. SEIBERLING, Mr. BEDELL, Mr. COTTER, Mr. MARTIN, Mr. WOLPE, and Mr. RINALDO, Mr. FLOOD, Mr. LEE, Mr. WILLIAMS DOUGHERTY, Mr. LEACH of Iowa, and Mr. YATRON. o! Montana, and Mr. WOLPE. · TAUKE. H.R. 2647: Mr. GmBONS, Mr. COLEMAN, Mr. H.R. 3403: Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT. H.J. Res. 272: Mr. WINN, Mr. HOWARD, Mr. THOMPSON, Mr. HOLLENBECK, and Mr. H.R. 3613: Mr. COELHO, Mr. GUDGER, Mr. STENHOLM, and Mr. JONES o! North Carolina. RINALDO. SEmERLING, Mr. GINGRICH, and Mr. CORCORAN. H. Con. Res. 87: Mr. MOAKLEY. H.R. 2648: Mr. GIBBONS, Mr. COLEMAN, Mr. H.R. 3687: Mr. BREAUX. H. Con. Res. 121: Mr. DRINAN, Mr. WOLPE, THOMPSON, and Mr. HOLLE!'iBECK. H.R. 3719: Mr. GILMAN and Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. GLICKMAN, Mr. WEISS, Mr. DOWNEY, Mr. H.R. 2777: Mr. LAFALCE, Mr. DERWINSKI, Mr. H.R. 3769: Mr. HOLLENBECK. FLOOD, Mr. MICA, Mr. COELHO, Mr. BLANCHARD, McDONALD, Mr. COLLINS Of Texas, Mr. WHITE- H.R. 3912: Mr. NEAL, Mr. PATTEN, Mr. and Mr. DOUGHERTY. HURST, Mr. SIMON, Mr. LOTT, Mr. DORNAN, Mr. LUJAN, Mr. MINETA, Mr. LAGOMARSINO, Mr. H. Res.186: Mr. SEIBERLING, Mr. BEDELL, Mr. CARTER, Mr. MAGUIRE, Mr. MITCHELL o! Mary- ERLENBORN, Mr. HORTON, Mr. ADDABBO, Mr. DOUGHERTY, Mr. LEACH o! Iowa, and Mr. land, and Mr. CLEVELAND. GOLDWATER, Mrs. BYRON, Mr. ERTEL, Mr. EVANS TAUKE.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS TRANSPORTATION CONSIDERA- cosponsored by one-third of all House Lands, many people gave their ideas on TIONS ADDRESSED BY STRONG Members including myself), the Udall Alaska's future transportation needs. ALASKA BILL Anderson substitute is a carefully refined As an outgrowth of years of study by and balanced bill. As a member of the the agencies, and hearings by the sub HON. ROBE.RT W. EDGAR Subcommittee on Surface Transporta committee, the boundaries of the con tion, I have been particularly interested servation areas in H.R. 39, and subse OF PENNSYLVANIA in the transportation aspects of the quently the Udall-Anderson substitute, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Alaska legislation. One of the obstacles were adjusted to avoid conflict with es Thursday, May 31, 1979 to efficient surface transportation in the sential transportation needs by leaving • Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, the Alaska lower 48 States has been the great diffi the needed corridors outside the conser National Interest Vmds Conservation culty of planning routes that do not con vation areas. Act has the potential of being the great flict with existing land uses. Anywhere The unforeseeable needs are addressed est conservation law in our Nation's his you want to build a highway, a rail line, bv title X of the Udall-Anderson sub tory. In my remarks on May 15 last year, a pipeline, or a power transmi5sion line, stitute, entitled "Transportation and I expressed my view that the Udall you run into conflict with people's Utility Systems on Conservation System Seiberling bill, H.R. 39, was an act of houses, farms, industrial areas, or parks. Units." First, this title states that all foresight, creating national parks and It always boils down to a question of existing laws allowing transportation wildlife refuges in Alaska that will pro who gets the short end of the stick. rights-of-way across areas of the Na vide their greatest benefits to future On the public lands in Alaska, the tional Park System, National Wild and generations, just as Yosemite and Yel situation is so different that it seems like Scenic Rivers System, National Wildlife lowstone are benefiting our generation another world. Most of the land is still Refuge System, and National Wilderness more than they did the people of the in public ownership, and has not been Preservation System shall apply to the 19th century. Unfortunately, a strong committed to specific uses. There are areas established by the Udall-Ander Alaska bill failed to pass the Senate last several major transportation routes, son substitute. year, and this year we again were faced such as the Alaska Highway, the Alaska Then it goes on to set up a procedure with the responsibility of passing a bill Railroad, and the corridor that embraces for roads, pipelines, and utility lines that to preserve the natural treasures of the Alaska oil pipeline and its associated are not allowed by those existing author Alaska. highway. But most of Alaska's surface ities. This title X procedure would sel transportation network remains to be dom be needed, because the Secretary of Far more than last year, legislation built. the Interior already has ample authority emerging from the Interior and Mer Transportation was a major factor in for most transportation rights-of-way in chant Marine Committees was damaged the development of H.R. 39 and the the conservation systems. The new pro by an overzealous response to the mining, Udall-Anderson substitute. Long before cedure would be used chiefly for trans timber, and oil industries. I think it 1s legislation was introduced, the trans portation routes across the designated time to respand more clearly to the con portation needs of Alaska were being wilderness areas. cern of the public, hence my support for studied by State and Federal agencies. Access to mining claims and State or the Udall-Anderson substitute to H.R. The Alaska Department of Highways in private property is expressly guaranteed, 39. 1973 proposed a system of tramportation no matter where this property is located. "Can't we save something that is still corridors crisscrossing the State. In 1974, There is some concern that title X the way it has been for tens of thousands the Interior Department's Bureau of may be too generous to those who would of years without first desecrating it with Land Management prepared a primary build transportation routes across the roads, mines, pipelines and other man corridor system plan, chiefly intended national interest lands. The Interior made scars?" a March 15, 1979, article for transportation of energy resources. Department has cautioned that this title in the Pittsburgh Press asked. I am The joint State-Federal Land Use Plan may actually promote the use of these gratified that the House's answer to that ning Commission for A!aska made its conservation lands for transportation question has been yes. We cannot afford own study of the transpartation outlook purposes by providing expedited Federal to let these wilderness and wildlife lands and held hearings across the State, but action that is not available for right-of be whittled away. The loss would not be declined to identify specific corridors. way applications on other Federal lands. just ours, but our children's. Again during the field hearings of the My conclusion is that transportation Built upon last year's H.R. 39 • This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. May 31, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13095 Anderson substitute. In this bill we are ance of payment deficits of the debt-bur our country's most eloquent spokesmen protecting a large and still unimpaired dened poor nations. for economic opportunity for blacks. share of wild America for public use. At A sense of desperation runs through the Dr. Williams, who is black himself, the same time we are providing for the Blumenthal-Cooper-Elzenstat statements. analyzes all the well-intentioned social 'I1ley propose no moves the United States programs and the perhaps not-so-well future transportation needs of Alaska.• should take to retaliate against OPEC, alone or in concert with others. intentioned labor laws, and concludes Yet, they see clearly the handwriting on that they are obstacles to black economic CURBING OPEC'S POWER the wall in terms of future OPEC pricing progress. policy. The cartel managers learned a great Black Americans need the free mar lesson from the Iranian revolution: Less ket, and I would like to bring Dr. Wil HON. RICHARD A. GEPHARDT means more. liams' excellent article from today's Wall OF MISSOURI "Everybody always said that the cartel Street Journal on this subject to my col IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES could make more money by keeping it in the ground. But they never really did it until leagues' attention. Thursday, May 31, 1979 the Iranian mess showed that it was prac The article follows: • Mr. Mr. tical. The Iranians discovered they could POLITICAL "SAVIORS" DON'T DELIVER WHAT GEPHARDT. Speaker, it is in make as much money from 4 million barrels BLACKS NEED creasingly obvious that our policy or lack a day as from 6 million. Now, the rest of (By Walter E. Williams) of policy regarding OPEC is as impor them, including our friends the Saudis, are tant, if not more important, than any With the approach of the 1980 presidential following suit," one official says. elections, the murmurings are that the real action we take regarding domestic oil Meanwhile, the cartel's success in creat savior of black people is Sen. Edward Ken production and policy. I fear our present ing a shortage of supply has panicked buy nedy. These murmurings emanate from the policy regarding OPEC needs immediate ers into bidding for "oil at any price." It is s3,me people who successfully convinced study and reconsideration in light of re authoritatively reported that Ecuador sold 600,000 barrels last week for an incredible black people that President Carter was the cent events. $36 a barrel, more than double the current real savior. Mr. Carter's proposed budget cut., An article by Hobart Rowen in today's official price. With spot prices going through and reductions in social programs are viewed Washington Post well states the problem the roof, OPEC will boost the official price as a betrayal of his campaign pledge to help and suggests some approaches we might again in Geneva on June 26. the poor. consider. No issue deserves more im What can be done? Obviously, the first This leaves Mr. Carter in the position of mediate consideration by Congress and answer is to boost other sources of supply. being able to confront blacks with the prop That includes not only coal and all alterna osition: If you don't help me get reelected the administration. A full reprint of Mr. you won't even get peanuts. Rowen's article is as follows: tives to oil, but something better than the ham-handed approaches that have been But this leaves an important question CURBING OPEC's Pown made to Mexico to acquire a share of its oil unanswered: Why do blacks need a political (By Hobart Rowen) and gas. savior? Why do they need government largess OPEC has now raised on prices 28 percent Second, conservation has to be directed by and paternalism while disadvantaged groups since the beginning of this year-and the government order, not left to voluntary com of the past did not? The most unique fea cartel isn't finished with its plans for stick pliance. That means, among other things, ture of the U.S. is that we are a nation of ing it to the consuming nations, rich and getting Congress off its duff to vote for minorities. No minority was welcomed to our poor. We'll soon look back on $1-a-gallon gas rationing authority. shores with open a.rms. All were persecuted as cheap. Third, any number of ideas for curbing tn varying degrees. These minorities (Jews, The grim fact that OPEC has become the OPEC's power, rated as impractical, strange Orientals, Irish, Italians and so on) made main engine of worldwide inflation has now or nutty by the establishment need to be ex it into the mainstream of American society been recognized in a series of statements by amined carefully. For example, a number without "social commitment" and often in senior administration officials. of congressmen have introduced H.R. 3604, the face of open hostility. Are blacks men The new burst of rhetoric began with which would establish a federal nonprofit tally tnoompetent and hence in need of testimony on Capitol Hlll by Treasury Sec corporation as the sole importing agent for paternal support? retary W. Michael Blumenthal and Under oil. Economists John Kenneth Galbraith Of course not. Witness the progress of Secretary of State Richard Cooper, who said says: "'I1le creation of this bargaining in blacks up from slavery in the space of only that worldwide inflation had reached "a strum~nt is the completely logical, completely 100 years. Then what is the problem? Much dangerous point" as a result of the oll price plausible answer ... to the bargaining power of the success of earlier disadvantaged increases. minorities-and much of the dlff&ence be of the other side." Surely, it's at least one tween blacks and earlier minorities-is that For the past four months, inflation here answer to be considered. has been rising at an annual rate of 14 per when they came to our cities they faced For too long, officials like Emile Van Len a relatively open economic system. cent. Hopes that inflation might recede later nep, head of the industrial nations grouped 'I1lere were sweatshops, peddlers and all this year have been dashed by the steady up in the OECD, have been saying, as he did on ward ratcheting of oil prices. kinds of domestic jobs. 'I1lere was no mini May 21, that "nothing ... can be done" about mum wage law; workers could be paid by 'I1le U.S. oil import b1ll, last year $42 bil the OPEC price increases themselves. Lennep lion, is expected to run $52 blllion to $55 bil the piece rate; there were few licensed oc accepts everything OPEC has done, and limits cupations and businesses. What all of this lion in 1979. Unchecked, we are heading to himself to recommending offsetting policies the incredible oil import level of $100 bi111on means was that one could be unsk1lled and persuading wage-earners to "accept the cut still get a Job and ultimately learn skills. ln the mid-1980s. What happens to the dollar in real incomes resulting from the rise in oil in such a situation? Today's laws that require either federal or prices." ·union-dictated minimum wages and the It was left to presidential aide Stuart E. It ls time to put an end to this defeatist, at Eizenstat to bring the new worry into sharp numerous occupational Ucensure laws effec titude. Two days after the OPEC summit tively bar employment to the lowest skllled est focus. 'I1le mild economic slowdown de meeting in Geneva, there will be an economic sired by the Carter administration to curb summit in Tokyo among the seven major people. inflation "would turn into a recession," Justifications for these laws are many: world powers. If this ls to be more than a inhumane work, unsafe jobs, exploitative Eizenst3.t told a TV audience, lf OPEC raises charade, the issue of how to deal cUrectly prices further. wages and so forth. Whatever the Justiflca with OPEC-an issue politely burled at tlon for these laws, their effect ls to cut off "'I1ley are going to badly damage the e9.rller summits-needs to be explored on a world economy," Eizenstat said. And he the lower rungs of the economic ladder. forthright basis. 'I1lere ls no more pressing 'I1le very people who went through these pointed out that among those injured would problem for the head of state.e be the poor nations "with whom they "inhumane" conditions are solidly in the [OPEC] profess to have a great deal of mainstream of American society and the sympathy." people who are "protected" from these con The administration comes a little late to OBSTACLES TO BLACK ECONOMIC ditions are having the difficulties. a public acknowledgment of the oil cartel's PROGRESS What disadvantaged black people need ls power. For so long, officials argued, the best not a savior and not leaders; they need the policy was to turn the other cheek, and de opportunity to be able to compete in the pend on OPEC's need to buy goods and serv HON. RON PAUL market. Neither the President nor black political representatives show a desire to ices from the West, while reinvesting the OF TEXAS cartel's surplus funds. "Recycllng" was the change laws that restrict competition in ways magic watchword. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES very costly to blacks. In fact, congressional But it ls now estimated that after all in Thursday, May 31, 1979 blacks in discharging their responsibilities vestments, purchases and extravagances of to labor unions vote for and support legls- Arab royalty, OPEC suroluses will be $30 • Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, Dr. Walter . latlon that makes many of the people who billlon or more in this calendar year. 'I1lat's E. Williams. associate professor of eco voted for them worse off. about the same level as the aggregate bal- nomics at Temple University, is one of The minimum wage law ta one such law 13096 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 31, 1979 that receives the unanimous support of nology Assessment, I was served ably wore the uniform. Veterans of orevious wars black Congressmen. This support comes in and well by a young woman who was came home to bands and the smiles of a spite of the abundance of economic evidence grateful nation; those from Vietnam got that shows the minimum wage law discrimi the congressional liaison-Ms. Mary scowls, verbal abuse in public places and an nates against the most disadvantaged worker. Murtagh. Mary died Monday, and the unemployment record that was a national The evidence of this ls seen in the unpre loss felt by myself and everyone fortu disgrace. And then we topped all this off by cedented high rates of unemployment among nate enough to have known her is only officially dignifying the sneers of their de younger blacks. The unemployment rate for beginning to take hold. In her official tractors by extending amnesty to those who young blacks exceeds, by multiples, that capacity she was known for an unwaver sat up in Canada and derided them as fools. experienced during the most hostile times ing sense of duty to the Board, and an Mr. Cleland, himself a veteran of the of overt discrimination but when there was uncanny sense of diplomacy. Many can Vietnam conflict, told a group of editors re no mimimum wage law. vouch for the skill with which she en cently that those who served still suffer from The Davis-Bacon Act ls e. law which re deep psychological sea.rs: quires the payment of "prevailing" wages abled me to avoid the pitfalls of chair "They served with bra.very fully equal to on federally funded or assisted construc ing the TAB. The continuity brought to that of Americans who served in other wars. tion projects. Often this means the govern her office from the previous Congress, Yet, they are a different group of veterans ment pays the going union rate and hires under the chairmanship of Senator ED one beset by lingering problems and by an union labor, rather than employing non WARD KENNEDY, allowed me to profit uncertainty that their service was just." union construction workers. But most from her accumulated experience. We Mr. Cleland called this group the "silent black construction workers a.re in the non feel a sense of drift from her absence veterans-you Just don't hear much a.bout union sector. Therefore the Davis-Bacon that she herself, always the pro, would them unless it's negative." They a.re among Act discriminates against black workers the business, professional and everyday peo and contractors in an indirect fashion. It disapprove. ple whose contributions to the community also directly raises the cost of federally But it is not in her official capacity make up the news columns, but chances are funded or assisted low income housing. that she will be most remembered. Sim one is never identifl.ed as a Vietnam veteran In fa.ct pia.rt of the original intent of the ply put, it was Mary's deep, unambigu until he robs a store or shoots someone. The Davis-Ba.con Act was to get blacks out of ous humanity that endeared us. Her result, says Mr. Cleland, is perpetuation of federal construction jobs. This is evidenced morality had a fine edge; her sense of the "myths that Vietnam veterans are 'walk in much of the floor debate cited in the right and wrong allowed no cavil. I am ing time bombs' we cannot trust." Congressional Record in 1931. As Congress sorry that I can no longer work with Who is the Vietnam era veteran? He or she man Allgood said flatly at one point: "That is among 8,811,000 Americans who served contractor has cheap colored labor thia.t he her; but I am more sorry that we all may in the armed forces between 5 August, 1964, transports, and he puts them in ca.bins, and not longer profit from her terrific char and 7 May, 1975. Thirty percent of those it is labor of that sort that is in competition acter. She was a beauty.e who are now civ111ans saw service in Viet with white labor throughout the country." nam. Ninety percent a.re white, 9.3 percent There are numerous other laws which black and .7 percent of other racial origins. effectively remove the bottom steps on the There a.re 178,000 women, 81 percent a.re economic ladder. None of these lia.ws are VIETNAM VETERANS WEEK high school graduates, and 96 percent were more vividly seen than the taxi law in New discharged under honorable conditions. York City. In 1925 a poor, illiterate, how They left behind 46,616 comrades who were ever industrious immigrant could buy a. HON. DAVID F. EMERY k1lled in action and some 10,000 others whose deaths were war-related. Another 612 a.re used car and write the word "TAXI" on it OF MAINE and he was thus in business providing a stm listed as missing in action. livelihOOd for his family. Today's poor New IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As a group, their median family income Yorker seeking a similar pa.th to upward Thursday, May 24, 1979 is a third higher than their nonveteran peers, mobility needs more than industry and a but the unemployment rate for those b~ used car. He needs a hack license costing •Mr.EMERY. Mr. Speaker, throughout tween 25 and 29 years of age is 8.6 percent, a.bout $60,000. this week, the entire Nation is paying compared to 5.1 percent for nonveterans in Basically, then, blacks don't need mas special tribute to those brave men who the same age group. For blacks, the differ s,.ve social spending. They need legislative answered their Nation's call to arms to ence is 13.17 to 8.7 percent. In the years right changes that improve economic opportu - after the war the disparities were much serve in the Republic of Vietnam. These worse. nity, especLally in the labor market. Nor do brave young men made a great sacrifice they need politicians who tell them that the Still-vocal antimilita.rists point to the high enemy is General Motors, U.S. steel or to their Nation and deserve our sincerest incidence of psychological problems among IBM. For black upward mobility, open en gratitude. Vietnam veterans as further evidence of the try further down the economic ladder is a I would like to take this opportunity to inherent "evilness" of the war they fought. bigger problem and a bigger opportunity. share with my colleagues two editorials Nonsense-the typical Vietnam veteran is no But black political le.a.ders and white which I feel express the sentiments of different from those who served in any other "liberals," for reasons of electoral conve war: he has a job, loves his kids and is no many Americans with respect to those more inclined to violent behavior than those nience, have formed alliances with the who gave their blood, sweat, tears and very people in whose interest it is to re who never wore a uniform-and certainly strict job entry. Carpenters, plumbers, lives in a distant place known as South less than the self-proclaimed pacifists who electricians and the like are far more Vietnam. The first article appeared in the regularly trashed our cities in the late 1960s threatened by those at the bottom of the Army magazine; the second appeared and early 1970s. economic heap than GM or IBM, e.nd it is in Morning Sentinel which is published If the Vietnam veteran's readjustment the liberals who have been quickest to ex in Waterville, Maine. ,problems have been more widespread than ploit these fears. The articles follow: his predecessors' (a Veterans Administration survey shows that nearly ha.If of those dis No doubt appeals to resurrect the Amer [From Army Magazine] ican ideal of open markets will fall on deaf abled in the Vietnam era have had such ears. There are a number of people black AT LAST AN OVERDUE "WELCOME HOME" problems) , then our society must take a large and white who have a stake in costly social The daring folks in Max Clela.nd's office part of the blame. Our soldiers, sailors, ma. programs and the continued existence of have come up with a really kinky idea. They rinCIS and airmen served their nation as well poor and dependent people. These are the want all of us to give some recognition to as any fighting force in history. They didn't same people who cry loudest about limita Vietnam era veterans during Memorial Day start the war and they had better reasons to tions on government spending. They are week this year-and get this: the vast ma despise it than those at home. the people who advocate feeding the horses jority of the objects of our hoped-for atten Whether they believed in their cause-and in order to feed the sparrows. Of course if tion never deserted a day in their lives, never many did-is beside the point; they did what one is a horse it is the desired means' of refused an order to fight, never fled to Canada their country expected of them. feeding the sparrows.e or Sweden to avoid service, and never got For that, they, not the draft dodgers, de cited in a newspaper crime story as a "Viet serters and Hanoi sympathizers among us, a.re nam veteran." the era's pariahs. IN MEMORIAM: MARY MURTAGH No, what President Carter, Mr. Cleland, his One of the reasons the President gave for administrator of veterans affairs, and Con extending amnesty to selective service evad gress want the nation to do is to pay tribute ers was that such a gesture would "bind up HON. MORRIS K. UDALL to the nearly 9,000,000 veterans of that period the nation's [war] wounds." Mr. Carter's proc lamation setting 28 May to 3 June as Viet OF ARIZONA who did what was asked of them and then returned home-in a plane seat, on a nam Veterans Week was moving, eloquent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stretcher or in a casket. and sincere, but it did not contain this phrase Thursday, May 31, 1979 It's about time. and the assumption must be ma.de that am In a period about which America. has much nesty supporters did indeed consider that • Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, as chair to regret, there was a no more shameful epi those wounds were healed when the evaders man of the Congressional Office of Tech- sode than the treatment atrorded those who were forgiven. May 31, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13097 If so, they are wrong. That will not happen Tennessee are doing a lot of thinking believe Congress will adequately express until the country rights the wrongs its peo about energy these days. As I read my the views of the American public unless ple have done to those who wore the uniform congressional mail and speak personally a stern and promising windfall profits in one of history's most bitter conflicts. with the residents of Davidson, Cheat tax is passed. They couldn't be blamed 1f they told us all ham, and Robertson Counties, I find In documenting my concerns, Mr. to goto hell. Speaker, just today, the Department of But they won't, not 1f the nation truly there is great concern if our Nation does, turns out to stage a shamefully overdue "wel in fact, have an energy shortage. Energy has detailed that seven major oil come home." Angry and resentful people are blam companies will illegally overcharge con ing the one institution that not only sumers $1.7 billion for crude oil. The oil [From the Morning (Maine) Sentinel) grows richer every time there is an oil companies improperly reclassified low VIETS VETS DESERVE BETTER · squeeze, but is as close at hand as the priced oil so that it sold for more than Vietnam went away for awhile. The anti nearest service station: The $360 billion twice the amount permitted by Govern war people had condemned it as immoral, and a year U.S. oil industry. Sixty-nine per ment price controls. The DOE's list of finally Richard Nixon got the message and cent of the public still believe that gaso overcharges include: Texaco $888.3 mil stopped the war. Being America's first mm line prices are rising, not be:ause there lion; Gulf Oil $577 .9 million; Standard tary defeat in history-and at that by a is an energy crisis but merely because Oil Co. of California $101.6 million; At small third-rate Asian country-it was a war the oil companies want to make more lantic Richfield $42 million; Marathon most Americans wanted to forget. Oil $29 million; Standard Oil of Indi In fact, the men who went to Vietnam to money. fight and bleed and die were pretty much I have read a series of reports from the ana $24.1 million; and Standard Oil of forgotten while they were there, except by petroleum industry which show that Ohio $16 million. their fam111es. Lyndon Johnson's America was combined profits from January through Mr. Speaker, the people of Tennessee too busy enjoying guns and butter and the March 1979, ran 57 percent above these ask for an end to excessive oil company good life to spend too much time and of the same companies in the first profits. In voicing the views of the citi thought on a nasty, undeclared war that was quarter of 1978. It appears that every zens of the Fifth District of Tennessee, I going on half a world away. And when that urge Congress to enact legislation which undeclared war was over, the men who fought time there is a report of an oil shortage, the oil companies tend to grow richer. As would protect our Nation's consumers. it and survived came home to a non-hero's In addition, Mr. Speaker, I believe we in welcome. There were no bands, no cheering the demand for gasoline mounts, the crowds-Just relieved famllies grateful to retail price moves to the new, higher the Congress must insist on two major have their sons, husbands, and fathers home. ceiling. In the last 6 moriths alone, the objectives relating to the oil situation. But the performing arts picked up where average retail price of gasoline has risen First, and foremost, we must assure that the anti-war people left off, and we have from 67 cents to 77 cents at the pump. there is sufficient gas available to Ameri had a spate of movies, TV films, and books Reports indicate that oil prices may rise cans so as not to hurt our national econ about American aggression in Viet nam. The omy and drastically change individual movie "Coming Home" carries the message above the $1 mark this summer. Accord ingly, over the past year, Gulf's profits American lifestyles. Second, and a more that because Vietnam was an unjust war, any difficult priority, is to assure each and veteran should be ashamed to have fought in increased 61 percent; Texaco's 81 per it. The recent TV movie "Friendly Fire" was cent; Marathon Oil rose 108 percent; and every citizen that oil is available, and an emotionally grinding account of two par Standard Oil of Ohio increased 303 per available at a rate as cheap as possible. ents' search for the cause of their son's cent. The biggest oil multinational of Inexpensive oil for motorists, home death in Vietnam-a particularly needless them all, Exxon Corp., reported a gain owners, businessmen, and other areas of death from "non-hostile fire." The mmtary of 37.4 percent, to $995 million, by far our society and economy should be a top was portrayed as peopled by heartless PR the most impressive 3-month earnings priority for this Congress and the Amer men, doing their best to put a good face ican people.• on a shabby system designed to cover up in period in the company's history. competence and bungling by American offi The question arises, Mr. Speaker, cers in the field. whether the oil barons are manipulating But the men who went to Vietnam deserve the market and/or creating a self ENERGY CONSERVATION much more than a guilt complex from their imposed shortage. I believe the oil com countrymen. The vast majority of them went, not willingly, but because their country panies have created an extreme amount called. And when they got there, the vast of mistrust in the American public. Many HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR majority performed the same acts of valor of these powerful oil companies have OF PENNSYLVANIA and bravery that American soldiers have in huge investments in all four aspects of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES every other war. the business: Drilling, transporting, Robert Di Niro's film "The Deer Hunter" refining, and marketing. They act as Thursday, May 31, 1979 pays overdue tribute to those qualities. It producer, middleman, and seller. This o Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, America's is a welcome relief from the post-Vietnam :ontrol over the stream of commerce in energy problem is quickly becoming the guilt complex foisted on American veterans most serious problem we face. Yet there by too many people who have never known the oil industry should be examined to the pain and hell of war. It reminds us that determine if changes are necessary in is a lack of information about the prob an awful lot of young men chose not to win this monopolistic practice. lem and a lack of creative ideas about draft deferment by going to college, chose There are many questions that re how we can begin to cope with it. I came not to run away to Canada. main to be answered: Is there an oil across an interesting editorial in the Certainly, the protesters served a valuable shortage? What can be done to a void a May 30 Philadelphia Inquirer which I role in halting a war we never should have shortage of oil in the near future? Will would like to share with my colleagues. entered. But if those who did go to fight that energy prices keep going up? What will The editorial follows: war are cast as pariahs who must continue A CHEAP SoURCE OF ENERGY: CONSERVATION to pay permanent penance, we spurn the very solar power do to help our energy prob qualities of patriotism and sacrifice that lems? Why do we not use more coal? (By Daniel Yergin) built a country in which protest can exist. What role can alcohol fuels play? How By this time last year, energy had become And we are faced with the uneasy question: can we prevent the oil companies from one of America's most tired subjects. Not How will young Americans respond to the making excessive profits? anymore. Iran and rising prices, the nuclear call to arxns in any future "Just" war? e accident at Three Mile Island, and the To protect the American consumer, lengthening gasoline lines in different parts Congress should enact an effective wind of the country-all these have driven the fall profits tax in order that the oil com abstraction of the energy problem very FIFI'H DISTRICT TENNESSEANS ASK panies cannot continue to "cash in" on directly into people's immediate lives----and the reports of an oil shortage. If there pocketbooks. THE TRUTH ABOUT ENERGY is in fact an oil shortage, we must not One result ls that energy conservation has allow the oil companies to capitalize on been lifted out of the ranks of retired this crisis. The windfall profits tax platitudes. It is back on the national agenda, HON. WILLIAM HILL BONER end in a big way. OF TENNESSEE should reflect the attitude of the Amer Not that many people are particularly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ican people by discouraging these com in favor of conservation. At best, it is re panies from increasing their profits. garded as an unpleasant and painful medi Thursday, May 31, 1979 Congress should take a hard line in this cine-sacrifice, denial. • Mr. BONER of Tennessee. Mr. Speak area by passing a windfall profits tax To be sure, that ls one kind of conserva .er, the citizens of the Fifth District of that will protect the consumer. I do not tion-the conservation of curtailment that 13098 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 31, 1979 is imposed by gas lines and "no gas" signs. "Among the ways o! conserving household the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty But that is definitely not the only kind o! energy, there are no spectacular technical duction of motors accounts for only 10% or THE PEOPLE'S RIGHT TO KNOW the people can be assured access to informa 11 % of revenue. tion they MUST have in order to remain Reliance doesn't break down sales by in free, is by ordaining that the press will al dividual prOducts. In fl.seal 1978, ended last HON.PETER H.KOSTMAYER ways be free to report that information. Oct. 31, the electrical-prOducts group, which includes production or motors, drives, con OF PENNSYLVANIA THE PUBLIC IS PROTECTED BY LAWS AGAINST trols and generators, a.s well as repairs and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES LmEL service for this equipment, had sales of $368.6 Thursday, May 31, 1979 The framers of the Constitution recog million. nized that not a.11 journalists a.re moral, ethical, responsible to the public, devoted Reliance 1s either the third or fourth larg e Mr. KOSTMAYER. Mr. Speaker, est motor producer, behind General Electric Charles Shaw began his newspaper to the truth; so they did nothing to prohibit Co. and Westinghouse Electric Corp., and career in 1932 as a reporter for the Mc Congress or the State Legislatures from en somewhere near the same size as Em.erson Kees_port, Pa. Daily News. Later, he acting laws to protect those who might be Electric Co. injured by untruthful reporting. The result worked as a reporter and rewrite man on was a myriad of laws protecting people VULNERABll.lTY WAS HIGH the Pittsburgh Press, then returned to against libel and slander; a.nd journalists Reliance found that total dependence on McKeesport as editor of the Daily News. support such laws basically perhaps more electric motors and drives made it highly He next became news director of radio enthusiastically than any other group. These vulnerable to the capital-goOds-buying cycle, station KTSA, San Antonio, Tex. laws don't eliminate the scandal-mongers, because most motors were sold to prOducers any more than bar association canons elimi of other machinery ranging from metal-cut Mr. Shaw met Edward R. Murrow when nate the shysters, but they reduce their ting machine tools to mining equipment. Murrow was on a lecture tour of the number and give journalism a better name Under the leadership of Hugh D. Luke, United States early in World War II, and than it would have otherwise. currently chairman, Reliance began aggres he was then hired to become a member In my wanderings about this globe, I have sively diversifying into other areas that of Murrow's CBS reporting team that found it to be almost axiomatic that freedom were less closely tied to the extreme swings included Eric Sevareid, Charles Colling of press ls almost exactly in inverse propor of capital spending. wood, Larry Lesueur, Richard C. Hottelet, tion to the villainy or venality of those in Major product lines acqutred since 1968 Bill Downs, Howard K. Smith, and Wil power-not only government officials but the include: mechanical-drive parts, scales and liam L. Shirer. After the war Mr. Shaw civilian power brokers. When a would-be ty weighing systems, specialized equipment for stayed on as head of the London Bureau rant destroys a democratic government and the telephone industry, electric generators seizes power, or when he merely takes the and electronic-control systems. of CBS for a year and covered the First place of another tyrant, his first act ls to Assembly of the United Nations. seize control of the information media. In March, Reliance bought Federal Pacific In 1957, I was in the mountains of Eastern Electric Co. from UV Industries Inc. for $345 Returning to the United States, he be million. Federal Paclfic produces products came news director of WCAU radio and Cuba with the Fidel Castro rebels against for the transmission and distribution of later WCAU-TV in Philadelphia. He left the dictatorial rule of President Fulgencio electricity. Reliance sold its Haughton ele broadcasting to become editor of the New Batista. After the fldelista.s toppled Batista, vator division in April to a Swiss company Hope Gazette in Bucks County, Pa., not I went to Cuba at least once a month the for $46 million. first year, only slightly less frequently after far from my home. He returned to Phila that, and I was overjoyed at first by the In addition to expanding into new prOduct delohia as an assistant city editor of the amount of freedom given to the Cuban peo areas, Reliance has worked hard to increase Bulletin and retired in 1971. But he came its repair and service business, which is less ple. cyclical than sales of new equipment. During out of retirement in 1976 to reassume edi Fidel Castro once said to me. "We are will fiscal 1978, service "generated some $165 torship of the New Hope Gazette, where ing to engage in open competition with those mlllion of highly profitable revenues," ac he remains today. who disagree with our philosophy." cording to the annual report. But the fl.delistas began to whittle away His commitment to a free press is as at human rights. Today, there is no freedom Currently, Reliance is operating at a sales strong as ever and in the following article of press in CUba, and those who once ecsta rate of about $1.5 bllllon a year, although he outlines some of his views on the sub cized over the promise of Fidel Castro now fiscal 1979 sales probably will be in the area ject after nearly half a century as a dis are disenchanted. of $1.3 billion because Federal Pacific wm tinguished and courageous journalist. be included for only seven months. In fiscal THE FADED PROMISE OF CUBA'S REVOLUTION 1978, sales were $966.3 milUon; five years (From the New Hope Gazette, Apr. 26, 1979] Last Fall, I received a call from a man ago they totaled $624.9 million. AFTER NEARLY 50 YEARS IN JOURNALISM A named Hugo Yedra, an assistant secretary COUNTY EDITOR REFLECTS ON FREEDOMS STRONG EARNINGS POTENTIAL of the CUba Mission to the United Nations, (By Charles Sha.w) asking if I would contribute any of my Cu Most industry analysts credit Mr. Luke ban memorabilia to the newly established and Mr. Ames with doing a good manage I have been working as a journalist for "Museum of the Revolution" in what had ment job in building a strong earnings po almost a half century-47 years this coming June. been the splendid Presidential Palace- in Ha tential along with the sales gain. vana. My son Kip and I went to the CUban Fiscal 1978 net income was $64.6 million, I have worked many places, and I have Mission in New York to talk with Yedra, and or $3.96 a share, fully diluted, up from $31.7 seen many things. I have worked in freedom, Kip quizzed him about press freedom. million, or $2.07 a share, in fl.seal 1974. In and I have worked under the strictest of Yedra freely admitted that the only press fl.seal 1978, Reliance earned a profit of 6.7% censorship-that of all-out war. I have in Cuba ls the government and Communist on sales and had a 21.4% return on share worked in countries where there was no party press. What we call a free press, he holder equity, well above average for manu freedom of press or speech whatsoever. said, makes only mischief. A free press, he facturing companies. As one who has worked for very large and declared, does not tell the truth (by which Despite Exxon's statement about wishing very small newspapers, as well as those in he meant information which the government to acquire Reliance to use Exxon's electric between, as one who ha.s worked as a broad would want con,;idered as the truth). Some motor technology, Reliance's track record cast journalist for very large and very small letters of disagreement with government pol and prospects make it appear to be an attrac stations, as well as two networks, I feel obli icy may be published from time to time in tive diversification move for the big energy gated-perhaps even quallfled-to write a the controlled press, but he made it clear company. testament, a credo, about the role of the that such letters were carefully screened. Reliance common opened yesterday on press (an all-inclusive term for print and we left the Mission with a heavy heart- the New York Stock Exchange just 20 min electronic journalism) and the public. and a decision not to provide anything for utes before trading ended for the day. It Let it be said at the outset that neither I the Museum of the Revolution. Kip and I closed in composite trading at $47, up $10.50 nor any other conscientious journalist both had been in Cuba during the early from the last trade Friday before the halt claims any special privilege for the press. months of the Revolution, when-except for for the Exxon announcement. The stock had The First Amendment, prohibiting abridge the summary trials and executions of Batista risen $2 Friday to $36.50 a share. ment of "the freedom of speech, or of the war criminals who undoubtedly deserved se On a fully diluted basis, Reliance has press; or the right of the people peaceably vere punishment but whose disposition did about 16.5 million shares outstanding. I! to assemble, and to petition the Government taint the Revolution even though the sum Exxon were to offer $60 a share for Reliance, for n. redress cf grievances," was not Intended mary action probably averted a terrible the purchase price would be about $990 to confer any special privilege on the press. blood bath-there was an air of Camelot. We million. It's impossible to predict what Exxon The intention of the framers of the con had hoped that Cuba would be an example to would offer, of course, but one study of recent stitution was not to benefit the press but people ruled by tyrants throughout Latin takeovers of major companies indicates an rather to guarantee the PEOPLE'S RIGHT TO America.. But Fidel finally denied the Cuban average premium of about 80 % over the KNOW. And the only way the people's right people their most precious freedom-the market price before the announcement.e to know can be guaranteed, the only way right to know. May 31, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13127 Governments o! the United States have It never ceases to amaze me that ordinary which is Just plain entertaining. We don't been chipping away at freedom of the press citizens will Join in warfare against the dare publish stories we know to be untrue, since World War II. And it is no coincidence press when the press actually ls serving because such a practice would k111 us. A that corruption in government has been in those ordinary citizens. It must be repeated pa.per which establishes a reputation of un creasing in almost direct proportion to re again and again, repeated without ceasing, reliability runs out of readers: no readers, straints on Journalists. that the press has no special status: the no advertisers . . . no advertisers, no rev Harry Truman's cronies took payoffs for issue ls not the right of the press but the enue ... no revenue, no paper. favors. That knight in shining armor, Dwight right o! the people to know. We're on your I'm not pleading !or the press; I don't have D. Eisenhower, had crooked helpers, and side, folks; bad as we may be at times, we're that much longer to go as a working Journal now it's revealed that Eisenhower insisted the only means you have of guaranteeing ist. I'm pleading for the people to support that the truth about radiation effects of the that you'll continue to learn the truth. freedom of the press only because it's their Nevada atom-bomb tests in the 1950s be We a.re most imperfect; we sometimes are only guarantee that they'll retain their right withheld !rom the public so that the tests a little slow in getting the truth to you ... to know. Without freedom of press, there can could be completed. John Kennedy had a sometimes we're a little too !ast. be no freedom of worship, no freedom to as pretty good record, but he wasn't in office We report good news and bad news. I, for semble, no freedom to petition the govern very long. While he was in office, he let it be one, derive much more pleasure out of re ment for redress of grievances. On this hang known that a good reporter in his book was porting an Easter egg hunt, a soccer victory, all the law and the prophets. a reporter who did his bidding, he bully an art show, a good play, spring fashions One of our troubles is that we are too far ragged journalists in efforts to gain confiden than I do out of reporting dissension in removed in time from the abuses which led tial information from them, and he manipu Council. Believe me, that's true. I would the Framers of the Constitution to include lated the news masterfully. have preferred a much more pleasant lead the Bill of Rights. Our Revolutionaries were THE TONKIN GULF LIE AND ITS TRAGIC RESULT to Julie Fratrlk's Solebury Supervisors' story fighting against not only taxation without last week than Joyce Overpeck's angry de representation but for rights far more than Kennedy's successor, Lyndon Johnson, who mand, which was at first refused and finally those permitted even to Englishmen at stole a senate election that paved his way to granted, that the people who elect officials, home. They were fighting against such the Vice Presidency and then the Presi the people who pay taxes, the people who abuses as those which occurred in a trial of dency, had cronies who would have been are sovereign be allowed to speak at Super all-time champs in corruption had Richard William Penn, when the jurors who brought Nixon not come along. visors' meetings. But don't blame Joyce in a verdict of acquittal for Penn were them Johnson did outdo Nixon in one lie, how Overpeck, don't blame The Gazette for that selves prosecuted because of the verdict. ever: his absolutely false report that North unhappy news. Blame the reason and sup They were rebelling against "Star Chamber" Vietnamese warships had attacked United port all efforts to eliminate those reasons. trials-secret trials in which the defendant States shipping in the Gulf of Tonkin-a Some Borough officials decided ( ! ) last had no rights. They were fighting against re report that mobilized considerable public year that there would be a blackout of news quirements that a defendant be required to opinion behind our intervention in the Viet a.bout the police dispute. We immediately testify against himself. They were fighting namese civil war with the loss of thousands proclaimed there would be no news black against censorship of the press, as exempli of lives. That lie-this tragic denial of the out, and some members o! Council agreed fied by the trial o! John Peter Zenger, who public's right to know-was a much more with our proposition, and you continued to by no means was the only editor so censored. impeachable offense than Nixon's cover-up of receive the news. More than 200 years have passed since our Watergate, reprehensible though the cover What purpose would secrecy have served? ancestors spilled blood to, as they later said up was. Secrecy never serves any purpose except that in the preamble to the Constitution, "secure And who exposed the Watergate cover-up? of injustice. In cases where unsubstantiated the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our Not the politicians, not the lawyers who charges a.re ma.de against an official-against posterity." We are their posterity, and if we decry freedom of press, but newspaper re anybody-it ls to everybody's interest that permit erosion of these blessings. we truly porters from The Washington Post, The those charges not be publicized unless or are cowardly descendants of the Founders.e New York Times and other journals. until proved. We don't carry letters charg In desperation, voters turned against Nix ing that some restaurant's food ls lousy, on's successor-the apparently honest Gerald that so-and-so was seen drunk on Main MIDDLE EAST PEACE Ford-to elect a born-again Christian who Street, that so-and-so tried to commit sui promised that "I will n~ver lie to you" cide. But we do carry everything we can James Earle Carter, officially Jimmy, who ls learn about matters of public interest. HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI so obviously confused and often unable to There is an old story, you know, a.bout a translate orders from his bosses in the Tri king who killed the messenger bearing bad OF ILLINOIS lateral Comml.Esion that one never knows news. That ls what people do when they, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES whether he's lying or telling the truth. The actively or passively, seek to abridge freedom Thursday, May 31, 1979 record shows, however, that he has not kept of the press and, hence, their right to know. his promise never to lie, any more than he In almost 50 years of Journalism I have • Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, yes has kept other promises that might well been involved, but not named, in only one terday, the House passed H.R. 4035, have been made to win him votes as a popu libel suit, and that suit was not prosecuted. which will help advance the Middle East list but not to have been kept. I have done everything possible to avoid peace and assist in the implementing of THE POWERS-THAT-BE JOIN TO LIMIT FREEDOM libeling anybody, no matter how reprehen sible some news-makers have been. I have major elements of the Israeli-Egyptian And the worse things get, the more the been three.tend with libel suits many times; peace treaty. I was certainly impressed powers-that-be--the Executive Department, and, believe me, the threat of a libel suit by the overwhelming vote. the Congress, the Courts and the leaders of can be very chilling. A verdict against a Editorial support for the Middle East business, industry and organized labor small pa.per like The Gazette under its for peace efforts was featured in the Sun combine to limit the ability of the press to mer individual owners could have put it out tell it as it ts. day, May 27 Chicago Sun-Times, which of business. But not one o! The Gazette's I wish to insert at this point: They are nibbling at the edges, as some owners has ever asked me to suppress any New Hope visitors nibble at ice cream cones, information. O! course, I would resign be FmsT STEPS IN THE MIDEAST and some of the worst blows to freedom of fore I obeyed such an order ... but I never The first tangible dividend of the Ca.mp the press are struck by the courts in mat would have worked in the first place for David peace accords was pa.id to Egypt Fri ters unrelated to government. A New York anybody whose philosophy would lead him day as Israel gave up the Sinai city of El Times reporter spends more than a month in to issue such an order. Arish, which it had occupied for 12 years. jail because he refused to help either the Libel suits sometimes a.re justified, and And on Sunday President Anwar Sadat, prosecution or the defense in a murder those who commit libel ought to be pun Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Sec. of trial; the Supreme Court rules that a re ished. Threats of libel suits sometimes, quite State Cyrus R. Vance were to meet in the porter must reveal his state of mind when he often, are made to intimidate editors, and Israeli city of Beersheba, where negotiations writes a story that later becomes the basis such threats succeed in some cases. have already begun on granting self-rule to of a libel suit (although the justices do not the Arabs living under Israeli rule on the reveal the state of their minds when they REPUTATION OF UNTRUTH WOULD West Bank and the Gaza Strip. render decisions). The powers-that-be are DESTROY A PAPER The events are historic, challenging, prom saying to the press: "Don't take the First Those who don't like the truth accuse us ising, foreboding-all at the same time. Amendment seriously." of publishing certain stories "just to sell The Star of David was hauled down !or Critics of the press cite the fact that papers." That's a favorite phrase of Phila.del the first time in this chain of events from Three Mile Island reports in The New York phie.'s Mayor Rizzo when he denies police flagstaffs on Egyptian territory, in the face Times and The Philadelphia Inquirer, to brutality. Of course, we want to sell papers, of violent opposition from Isareli settlers mention just two papers, were different. just as lawyers want to win cases, merchants who were giving up farmland they had re And that's true--because different officials want to sell their goods. deemed from the desert. were telling different stories to different But, cynical critics to the contrary, our Their personal sacrifices should be hon reporters. But the officials don't get the first aim is to provide our readers with the ored. The settlers-unwilling as they were- blame for the confusion; the reporters do. news they need to know as well as news did surrender what they had sweated over 13128 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 31, 1979 and laid their hopes on in the higher cause creasing energy demands and the scarcity of There have a.lso been suggestions of bury of peace. reliable fuels, the significance of nuclear en ing nuclear wastes in non-populated re Two years ago the event would have been ergy cannot be ignored. gions such as Antarctica. This has been con inconceivable. Thus the promise: If irrecon Although concerned about reactor acci sidered but since this could cause serious cilables can be brought this far, then per dents, nuclear critics have focused much of international disagreements, it has been haps momentum can bring them to far more their campaigns on the question of the dis discarded. conclusive ends. posal of nuclear wastes. The question of how It ts evident that there are no clear-cut ap But although hope ls Justified, self-delu to handle this extremely dangerous material proaches to take with the disposal of toxic sion ls not. The talks that have begun in and isolate it in such a way that it will not n ·,clear waste. At the present, experts feel Biblical Beersheba are bound to be painful harm either present or future generations that deep burial 1s the most likely solution and prolonged. Begin is hard-lining for re was neglected for years and only recently that the United States and other countries tention of Israeli sovereignty over Arab ter has been given serious consideration. wm take. This involves solidifying radio ritory. Sadat, economically quarantined by There are high-level wastes of two kinds: active waste and encasing it in canisters for his Arab brethren, needs results to retain his ( 1) Spent fuel, of which the typical large burial thousands of feet deep in suitable mandate for peace. President Carter's play reactor produces a.bout 30 to '.O tons a year, geological formations. Experts SJ"e seeking ers, committed to the mediator's role, re· and (2) by-products of the Government which formations are the most stable and quire wisdom and patience. weapons program. High-level wastes generate which would best prevent leakage. Nothing will be fast or easy.e high heat and high penetrating radiation The time has ended where limitless for centuries. amounts of resources are available for energy The defense waste is enormous and it is consumption. The United States and other stashed temporarily in tanks and burial pits, global nations are having to explore in other mostly on three Government reservations in directions for alternatives for their energy ALBERT RAINS SPEECH CONTEST Washington, South Carolina, and Idaho, needs. The nuclear energy program ls cer awaiting Government action on permanent tainly an integral part of the present and disposal. whether it will be in the future remains to To this huge accumulation, nuclear plants be seen. Critics and proponents alike agree HON. TOM BEVILL that a satisfactory solution to the disposal OF ALABAMA have added tons of spent fuel, virtually all of it cooling in pools adjoining the reactors. question is necessary if there is to be any IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Yet the fear of radioactivity has focused future fer nuclear power in the United largely on power plants. It is also true that States. With energy efficiency as one of the Thursday, May 31, 1979 main goals of the nation and the world, a powerplant waste contains more radioac solution to this problem is necessary. With • Mr. BEVILL. Mr. Speaker, again this tivity and is increasing more rapidly than year I would like to have the first- and defense waste. innovation and exploration, hopefully, it will be solved and solved quickly! second-place speeches in the annual Al One of the main areas of the nuclear bert Rains Speech Contest of Snead energy program that has come under HUMAN BEINGS-AN ENDANGERED SPECIES State Junior College in Boaz, Ala., in scrutiny is the transportation of the toxic serted in the RECORD. wastes. With the ever-present threat of hu (By Susan Williams) For several years, it has been my pleas man error and the possibUity of derailments Whose responsib111ty is nuclear waste and or crashes of the transporting vehicles, its impact on future generations? The re ure to present the top entries of this ora several states and communities have ban sponsib111ty is Ours! The question of nuclear torical contest, named for one of our dis ned or restricted shipment of radioactive power waste is a moral and a health issue. tinguished former colleagues. materials through their jurisdiction. The "Nuclear Age" became of public interest Albert Rains was a Member· of this The problem ls not cc.,nfined to the United after the dropping of the atomic bomb on body from Alabama during the period, States, of course. Forty three countries Hiroshima. The health effects of nuclear 1945-65. He retired after providing 20 a.broad now have some kind of nuclear en radiation ts still being debated, but there ls years of outstanding service to the people ergy program. In each case, waste must be evidence that radioactive substances remain of Alabama. disposed of in some fashion. Moreover, all dangerous for countless generations. One nations that have nuclear weapons-the So thing that many people don't realize is that During his years in the House, Albert viet Union, Britain, France, and China, as radiation affects all living things-not just was regarded as one of its best orators. well as the United States-must worry about humans, but also livestock and the crops we It is for that unique talent that the waste from weapons production. eat. The destiny of human life cannot be Snead State Contest is so aptly named. Nations have tried a variety of methods placed totally in the hands of amoral corpo First-place winner in this year's con for disposing of nuclear wastes. The British rations and scientists. test was Mr. Lane Watts of Boaz. Sec have been piping low-level waste products According to Dr. John Gofman 20 tons of into the Irish Sea. The United States Atomic deadly nuclear wastes are generated by an ond-place recipient was Ms. Susan Wil average sized nuclear plant per year. Across liams, also of Boaz. Energy Commission, from 1946 to 1970, dumped tens of thousands of canisters of the country, nuclear plants are becoming Entrants were required to use the com constipated with their own waste. The utm mon theme, "How to Dispose of Nuclear low-level nuclear trash into the Atlantic ties that produce this waste say it is not Ocean 120 miles east of the Maryland-Dela their problem to dispose of it. Apparently, Waste." I think you will agree the win ware coast, and into the Pacific 35 miles ning entries reflect many hours of re the government agrees that it ls a problem, west of San Francisco. The Soviets are now but does not know what to do about it. We search and preparation on this timely pumping intermediate-level liquid wastes must realize the seriousness of the problem. and controversial subject: into sandstone 2,000 meters deep beneath layers of clay. It involves not only our lives, but the lives THE DISPOSAL OF NUCLEAR WASTES of future generations. Therefore, it is our These are examples of what individual duty, not only as American citizens, but as (By Lane Watts) countries are doing with nuclear waste, but Picture a catastrophic meltdown in a nu humans who live on this earth to participate public outcry and increased political oppo in finding solutions. clear reactor spilling nuclear waste. This sition have forced public officials and nuclear The s:1.d reality is that all energy problems waste would contaminate the soil or hit a experts to try to find new and safer ways to are extremely complex and possible solutions water pocket and send up gushers of radio dispose of nuclear waste. will be just as complex. We must realize that active steam and contaminants. If this hap In an interview with WAAY-TV, Hunts most solutions have drawbacks, and that we pened, there could be hundreds of deaths, vme, NASA officials at the Marshall Space should choose the positive elements from and even thousands of deaths years later. flight Center expressed hope for a plan that each suggestion to create a workable solu Does this sound like a science fiction movie involves the U.S. Space Program. These offi tion. Remember our decisions will affect or only a horrible dream? Not so, say most cials stated that there have been plans dis future lives. nuclear critics. They feel this a constant and cussed about the real possibility that a At the present time, burial in concrete realistic threat. space shuttle could transport spent fuel into Throughout history, man has had to search tanks is the storage method used. But these outer space. Specifically, this involves shoot tanks la.st only decades before leakage takes for solutions to meet his basic needs. The ing the fuel into the sun's orbit where the search for these solutions has sometimes place. At the present time, tanks have begun sun's orbital pull would keep it safely away to leak at the Savannah River Plant. Nuclear led to difficult decisions. This difficult de from the earth's atomsphere. Although not waste can be thought of as Pandora's box cision-making surrounds the present day as widely discussed, NASA officials have also nuclear energy program. for future generations unless we act now. expressed the idea of shooting nuclear waste Small quantities of liquid nuclear waste Whether an individual is for or against into some of the moon's craters. These seem a.re being diluted and emptied into the rivers nuclear energy, the fact is, that nuclear ingly outlandish ideas have been seriously but our water can not be continuously con energy is a vital force in the United States. considered because of their relative safety. taminated. Other ways of disposal must be According to the April 1979 issue of National NASA officials expressed some pessimism, found. Many solutions suggested a.re far too Geographic, nuclear energy is already pro however, because of the incre:lible costs and expensive at the present time to be feasible viding roughly one-eighth of all the electric the need for the development of foolproof such as the solution of shooting the nuclear power generated in this country. With in- rocket launches. waste into outer space. 13129 May 31, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS of our nation. The American people still re Philip Hammond, an American scientist, erwise would be a gross disservice to all fuse to face the inevitable prospect of an en who has worked with radioactive materials patriotic Americans who have served ergy shortage." American motorists stlll drive for 30 years has a solution which he says their country. as if gas was 27 cents a gallon. By eliminating can be put into working in 2 years. His plan During Vietnam Veterans Week, I join all unne::essary driving and switching to al is to place the waste in canisters which can the citizens of the Lehigh Valley and the ternate forms of transportation whenever be monitored and controlled. First place the rest of the country in acknowledging and possible, most drivers could reduce their fuel waste in sealed stainless steel canisters and consumption by at least 10 percent, the place them in another container of a durable thanking all Vietnam veterans for their service to our country. During bitter and amount at least one major refiner (Standard metal. Then between the two containers Oil of California-Chevron) plans to cut its have a compressed gas that would be able controversial times, theirs was a difficult dealers' June allocation. to detect and signal the development of mission. They, like all veterans that have We have said it before, and we will say it leaks. The containers are to be burled in served our country, deserve our deepest again: it is time for us to realize the era of tunnels. According to Hammond, the U.S. respect.• cheap energy has come to an end. The choice already has a tunnel system that could be is ours, we can either make moderate changes used at the Nevada Test Site. This area in our lifestyle now to deal with the realities has already been accepted and isolated for ENERGY SHORTAGE of the world energy situations, or continue nuclear residue. blindly down the road to ruin as a country The transportation of nuclear waste to by continuing our wasteful habits.e storage areas ls another problem. In the transportation lOOO's of lives are endan HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON gered. Many states like New York already OF ILLINOIS prevent the transportation of waste through big cities. Senator Howell Helfin from Ala IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HANDGUN VIOLENCE CLAIMS 601 bama stated that many vehicles carrying Thursday, May 31, 1979 LIVES IN APRIL nuclear waste are frequently on Alabama's highways. The Senator wants to set up emer e Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. gency plans to cope with an accident deal Speaker, a recent edition of the Chimes, HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN ing with nuclear waste spillage. the student newspaper of Biola College, OF MASSACHUSETl'S Just last week on April 24, 1979, the Ala contained an excellent editorial on our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bama legislature voted 90-2 against the current energy problem. It is a very well Thursday, May 31, 1979 proposal by TVA to locate a nuclear waste written statement, explaining that no center in Alabama. If the proposal had been • Mr. DRmAN. Mr. Speaker, for the passed, Alabama would have been the victim one group is solely to blame for our pres of other states' waste. This doesn't seem fair. ent situation. Unlike many editorials it last 3 months I have introduced into the Nuclear power is a health as well as a presents a strong, reasoned conclusion: RECORD a list of all the persons who have moral issue. We must work together to pro That the Nation must face up to the fact been reoorted by the media as having tect the lives of the future. Because of the that we will no longer have abundant, been killed by handguns. This grisly sta controversy over nuclear power, the public cheap energy. I commend the editorial tistic should serve as evidence to all that interest has been aroused. Yet officials have to my colleagues: the time is now to enact intelligent legis produced nothing but studies of the prob lation designed to end the spiral of vio lem. Therefore, it ls up to us. The decisions PLACING THE BLAME we make or fail to make wm affect the lives The events of the past two weeks have lent deaths resulting from the unchecked of future human beings.e turned California motorists into gasoline proliferation of handguns. junkies, desperately prowling the streets in Since January 1 of this year, Mr. search of another fix of gasoline. Sales of bi Speaker, 2,475 persons have died because cycles, siphon hoses, locking gas caps and gas of handgun violence. For the third month cans have boomed, and public tl"ansportation in a row, more than 600 persons have VIETNAM VETERANS WEEK facilities have been overrun with commuters been killed by handguns across America. trying to save the precious substance. Several bills to this end have been The news media have leveled charges and introduced in this Congress. Until we HON. DON RITTER counter-charges as to who is responsible for the mess we are in. The oil companies, the have a sensible Federal gun-control law, OF PENNSYLVANIA Congress, the Department of Energy, Presi I will continue to publish this macabre IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dent Carter, consumers and even the Ayo list of handgun victims compiled monthly by Handgun Control, Inc. Their report Thursday, May 31, 1979 tollah Khomeini (who, according to humor ist Art Buckwald, started the whole crisis, for the month of April follows: • Mr. ~ITTER. Mr. Speaker, today I and doesn't even own a car) have all been 601 AMERICANS DIE F'ROM HANDGUN FIRE would llke to recognize and praise a blamed for the lon~ lines we sit and fume in. Handgun fire k1lled at least 601 Americans group of U.S. military veterans who for As our anger over the situation turns to in April. Those reported dead included 13 too long have gone without the respect resignation, we confess we are very frustrated children, age 12 or under and 31 senior citi they deserve. I am speaking of the vet about the lack of straight answers we are zens age 60 or over. Since January 1, 1979 getting. The lines are still long and there are at least 2,475 Americans were k1lled by erans of the Vietnam war who served serious doubts there will be enough gas to their country proudly and bravely during last through the summer months. handguns. a deeply troubled time in our history. Among those who lost their lives because Our frustration grows as we hear rumors, of handgun violence: The American people's feelings about mostly unfounded, that the oil companies Temple, Tex.-23-year-old Mary Lou Tris that war are at this very time in a state are either withholding crude oil from pro ta.in was shot to death by her 5-year-old of flux. As we witness the performance duction or are storing vast quantities of gas daughter. They were in a friend's car when of the victors-the genocide in Cam in abandoned gas stations or in huge tanks her daughter discovered a handgun under bodia, the virtual enslavement of the in the desert until the price reaches a dollar the seat. Thinking it was a toy, she pointed South Vietnamese nation, the plight of e, gallon or more. it at her mother and fired. the boat people, and the warring We also wonder why California has so far Wichita, Kans.-53-year-old Fred Gilmore amongst the respective tyrannies-we borne the brunt of the long lines and end was shot to death after an argument over a less waits. Reports from across the country game of dominoes. gain a new respect for the individuals indicate most states have been spared the Cincinnati, Ohio.-64-year-old Dr. S. Greg- who served in Southeast Asia. It is most lon1 lines, but indications now are the rest ory Miceli was shot to death by a former appropriate that these veterans be spe of the country ls beginning to oatch up with patient who may have been distraught over cially honored this week, National Viet us. an incurable disease. nam Veterans Week. We cannot place the blame for the gas New Orleans, La.-Ronald Banks, 45, a crisis of '79 on any one party. The industrv, professor at the University of Maine died on While veterans of other wars of U.S. his way to a historical conference after being involvement returned home to a hero's government and we the consumers must all shoulder some of the blame. The odd-even shot in the face during a robbery attempt. welcome, most Vietnam veterans were plan and the executive order signed by Gov. Dekalb, Ga.--4-yelr-old Sradrack Nellums greeted, at best, with apathy by a public Brown Tuesday ordering larger gas stations was accidentally shot and killed while play anxious to forget the war. At times they to remain open either Saturday or Sunday ing with a pistol found in his father's car. were treated with hostility by that public. may help alleviate some of the long lines. ROLL OF HANDGUN DEAD But the personal sacrifices of our Viet President Carter said Tuesday, "It's almost Alabama (20) nam veterans were just as real as those heartbreaking to have an issue, which festers like a cancer, carrying on from one month Nora Banks, Huntsville; Harold Brewster, made by other veterans. Our country's Jr., Huntsville; Jeffrey Brown, Birmingham; thanks should be just as real. To do oth- to another, sapping away the basic strength 13130 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 31, 1979 Joe Brown, Birmingham; David Burtram, San Jose; unidentified male, Fresno; uniden Somerset; Carlos Holder, Monticello; Homer Birmingham; Clyde Davis, Montgomery; tified male, Kings Beach; unidentified male, Jackson, Nicholasville; Vicki Jacobs, Owen Robert L. Davis, Birmingham; Scott Deroo, Sacramento; unidentified male, San Jose; ton; Max Johnston, Henderson; Cecil La.will, Huntsville; Bobby Dover, Fort Payne; Gerry unidentified male, Watsonvllle. Mt. Sterling; George Lovelace, Lexington; Harris, Decatur; Joseph Law, Mobile; Pink Colorado (13) Harry Madison, Georgetown; Jerry Napier, ard Lockett, Jr., Mobile; Henry Nelson, Bir Bruce Abbott, Golden; Gino Atencio, Den Manchester; Aileen Prater, Lexington; Betty mingham; Rothal Reed, Jr., Huntsville; Ri::h ver; Jo Anne Baugh, Grand Junction; Slusher, Middlesboro; James Totten, Lexing a.rd Stovall, Birmingham; Sadie Thom::ts, Charles Basher, Jr., Loveland; Jeanette ton; Davis Vanhorn, Louisville; and William Jasper; Henry Vanderbilt, Birmingham; Ron Jones, Aurora; Tennie Moore, Denver; Becky Wilson, Middleboro. ald White, Birmingham; Ernest Wlllia.ms Kuhns, Denver; William O'Leary, Florence; Louisiana (28) Birmingham; Barbara. Young, Mobile. Rita Sargent, Lakewood; Dale Stienle, Col Joseph Alfred, Broussard; Ronald Banks, Alaska (3) orado Springs; Martha Strohecker, Vail; New Orleans; Peter Brldevaux, Mandeville; Rick Adair, Juneau; Jimmie Kennedy, Daniel Upson, Denver; unidentified male, Kenneth Cimino, New Iberia; James Cole, Juneau; Louis Sorenson, Juneau._ Colorado Springs. Baton Rouge; Samuel Englerth, Natchez; Arizona (2) Connecticut (3) Mark Faciane, Slidell; Wllliam Fraering, New Orleans; Steve Graham, Slidell; Wilfred John Kusian, Tucson; Walter Norberey, Leslie Clark, Waterbury; Edward Cody, Waterbury; Wllliam West, Waterbury. Harris, Broussard; Benjamin Haynes, Baton Jr.. Flagstaff. Rouge; Larry Jones, New Orleans; Wilbert Arkansas (10) District of Columbia (2) Jones, Carenco; and Wilfred Jones, New James Andrews, Little Rock; James Broad Kimberley Acquard; Alfred Green. Orleans. way, Benton; Ricardo Dixon, Blythevllle; Florida (22) Maurice Lebreton, Jr., New Orleans; Debra Henry McCoy, West Memphis; Aljuray Sis Martin, New Orleans; Mike Ordoyne, Thibi sion, Pine Bluff; Irma. Wright, West Mem Oscar Alvarez, Mia.ml; Joanne Bartleson, West Melbourne; Debbie Burns, Fort Lauder daux; Joseph Pino, Port Allen; Gerald Poole, phis; Alfonso Wyatt, Newport; ALfonso dale; Mildred Frazier, Sarasota; Agush Glll, Slidell; Lionel Reed, New Orleans; William Wyatt, Jr., Newport; Markich Wyatt, New Fort Myers; Robert Gray, Ocala.; William Rogers, Slidell; Vincent Splzale, New Orleans; port: Tammy Wyatt, Newport. Gray, Ocala; Dwight Hall, Fort Myers; Ver Douglas Taylor, Livingston; Melvin Taylor, California (98) onica Hicks, M'lry Esther, Willie Johnson, Shreveport; Robert Thornhlll, Albany; Floyd George Allen, Sacramento; Micha.el Anay3., Clewiston; Thomas Little, Orlando; Carol Verdine, West Lake; William Vest, Lake San Diego; Irma. Arredondo, Lemoore; Guil Pettis, St. Petersburg. Charles; and unidentified male, Minden. lermo Arellano, San Francisco; Marcia Bal Eugene South, Homeland; Billy Turk, Maine (1) lenger, Manteca; Wllliam Ballenger, Man Galnsville; Edgar Vandall, Cape Coral; Dom Paul Murphy, Bucksport. ingo Veiguela-Vior, Miami; James Westberry, teco; Francisco Barragan, Alhambra; George Maryland (13) Barthel, Los Angeles; Edward Bedford, Los Clewiston; Thom'ls Williams, Mary Esther Angeles; Marcel Bejare, South Lake Tohoe; Edgar Witt, Titusville; unidentified female, Edwin Balls, Baltimore; Jerry Barr, Balti Cyndee Marie Bordeau, Orland; Richard West Melbourne; unidentified male, Daytona more; John Beane, Gaithersburg; Maurice Brown, North Shore; Felix Campos, Burbank; Beach; unidentified male, Homestead; un Clark, Baltimore; Leo Eikenberg, Baltimore; Eloyu Cavazaos, Dinuba; Rosita Celaya, In identified ma.le, Orlando. Carvel Faulkner, Elkridge; Sarah Faulkner, dio; J. B. Colbert, Oakland; George Colen, Georgia (15) Elkridge; Robert Gorham, Baltimore; Eliza beth Hakala., Columbia.; Robert Hazel, Col Forestville; Darrell Crist, Fresno; Alfred Cruz, Robert Banks, Commerce; James Bowers, El Centro; Vera Daniels, Los Angeles. lege Park; Gladys Nigh, Baltimore; Terry Columbus; David Carter, Logan; Ron Carter, Scott, Baltimore; Wilmer Scott, Baltimore. Kevin Davis, Oakland; Christius Demone. Atlanta; Edward Effel, Stateboro; John Joshua Tree; Paul Duncan, Oroville; J. c. Ghant, Augusta; Charles Herrington, Savan Massachusetts (8) English, Fresno; Henry Joseph Evon, Long n'3.h; James Lawrence, Summerville; Richard Daniel Connolly, Boston; John Donaldson, Beach; Jack Fero, Los Angeles; Whitn°y Forci, Leonard, Augusta.; Micha.el Morrison, Ga.ins Cambridge; Louis Guerriero, East Boston; San Rafael; Mark Frishman, Los ft ngeles vllle; Leland Moore, Toccoa; Shadrack Nel Joseph Horgan, Quincy; John Killoran, Jr., Eugene Garcia, Anaheim; Thomas Gittings, lums, Decatur; Freddy Rozier, WrightsvUle; Carver; Aaron Bellgman, Lynn; James Stur Oxnard; Charlene Glover, Fresno; Jesus Gon Earl Snellgrove, MUledgeville; Eloise Snell geon, New Bedford; Michael Sturgeon, New zalez, Santa Fe Springs; Hurley Ora.mus, Los grove, MUledgevllle. Bedford. Angeles; Bllly Graves, Torrance; Robert Hawaii (1) Michigan (3) Greene, Martinez; Freddie Guerrero, Fresno; Gunther Herrmann, San Jose; Melvin Hud Kaneohe Marine, Honolulu. Tommy Burns, Laurium; Jane Hulburt, son, Sacramento; Connie Holtz, Long Beach; Idaho (3) Laurium; Maynard Hulburt, Laurium. Armando Hovey, Angelino Hts. Daniel Kennedy, Paul; Laura Lacey, Ash Minnesota ( 5) Frederick Howe, Jr., San Jose; Ora Jack ton; David Leonard, Moscow. Donald Fleischman, Brainerd; Dwight Hall, son, Pasadena; Helen Jeffers, Scotts Valley; Illinois (17) Minneapolis; Dean Hensel, Watertown; Jerlse Kris Johnson, San Francisco; Mildred John Mahan, Minneapolis; Rudolph Saucedo, St. son, Richmond; Larry Jung, Oakland; Al Cindy Cannon, Chicago; Frank D'Alessan dro, Chicago; Ramon Cruz, Chic3go; Dwight Paul. fred Kelley, Stockton; Kevin Koontz, Ana Mississippi ( 8) heim; Gary G. Lilly, Los Angeles; Fellman Frick, Chicago; Steven Forys, Chica.go; Carl Lopes, Hanford; Michael Lopez, Oakland; Ga.ima.ri, Chicago; Joseph Garcia., Chicago; James Botts, Tupelo; Ivory Davis, Green Victor Lopez, La Palma; Lucy Macias, San Donald Irvin, Chicago; Charles Johnson, Chi ville; Rawley Flora, Ocean Springs; Cleo Fox, Dleeo; Exell Marshall, Jr., Stockton; Eloise cago; Cleveland Lampkin, Paxton; Davis Grenada; Bertha Hudson, Hattiesburg; Wade MarlnelU, Salinas; James N. McCormick, Lampkin, Paxton; Isaac Negron, Chicago; McPeters, Ripley; Ulysses Smith, Yazoo City; Woodland; Carol McLeod, Pittsburgh; Earl Ralph Negron, Chicago; Enrique Sierra, Chi unidentified female, Corinth. McMillan, Sacramento; Lotupo Moafunua, cago; Mantel Suran, Chicago; Jerry Sykes, Missouri (16) San Mateo; Martin Moreno, San Diego. Chicago; Donald Vice, Paxton. Wil11e Bass, St. Louis; Deborah Brown, St. Gregory Morgan, Castro Valley; Able Nav Indiana (3) Louis; James Brown, St. Louis; Kevin Burk arrete, Torrence; Thomas Nelson, San Fran Renard Britt, Indianapolis; Eugene Graves, hardt, St. Louis; Eula. Darrow, Ava; Melvin cisco; Newman Osebor, San Diego; Glenda Shipshewana; and Dwight Jackson, Rich Pearson, San Bernadina; Carlos Ragulndln, Dickens, Springfield; Teresa Gordon, Jeffer mond. son City; Ronald Gusewelle, St. Louis; Buck Lon~ Bea.ch; Ragulndln child, first name not Iowa (6) known, Long Beach; Ragulndln cl-Jild, first Han, Kansas City; Sherry Kruggel, St. name not known, Long Beach; Audrey Rami Brian Bauman, Iowa City; Daryl Chap Joseph; Da.wn Mason, Springfield; Kenneth rez, Dela.no; Gilbert Rangel, Gardena; Clar man, Cedar Falls; Mildred Cuecker, Nevada; Mcinnes, Tndependence; Sammy Nersesian, ence Richmond, Fairfield; Jose Rivera, San Ady Jensen, West Branch; Leonard Uken, St. Louis; Samuel Solomon, Brookfield; Don ta Marla; John Robinson, Lancaster; Larry Lema.rs; and Susan Wheellock, Mt. Pleasant. Turner, Anderson; Ruth Walton, Kansas Rutherford, San Bruno; Irma. Santana, Long Kansas (11) City. Beach; Fred Saudeda, San Jose; Edward Darrell Bell, Leavenworth; Roscoe Clark Nebraska ( 4) Scott, Norco. son, Baxter Springs; Judith Douthett, Eusebio Balderramu. Omaha; Odell Dunn, William Simpson, Hacienda. Hts.; Vernon Wichita; Oharles Enders, Pittsburg; L. B. Omaha; Ronnie Hoelscher, North Platte; Stewart, Lon?; Beach; Michael Stubbs, In Galbreath, Kansas City; Fred Gilmore, Randy Houston, Box Butte County. g-lewood; Albert Taylor, East Campton; P.r thur Ugarte, Watsonv1lle: Manuel Valdez, Wichita; James McReynolds, Kansas City; Nevada (7) Long Beach; Joe Venegas, Los Angeles; Aaron Phyllis Muse, Hlll City; Matthew Reaser, Rebecca Bynum, Reno; Joseph Eaton, Mid Walker, Mission Viejo; Burgess Warren, Le Topeka; James Rogers, Kansas City; and vale; Elaine Grimes, Henderson; Nannie moore; Martha West, Oakland; William Jim Wilcox, Derby. Grimes, Henderson; Sandra. Ray, Las Vegas; Wheeling, Los Angeles; Hans wmems, San Kentucky (17) unidentified female, Henderson, by husband; Francisco; Eugene Woods, Englewood; Julian Pa.ul Arnett, Mason; Delores Balley, Louis unidentified female, Henderson, by father-1n W. Young, Monterey; unidentified female, ville; Gerald Brewer, Louisville; Dave Decker, law. May 31, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13131 New Jersey (11) Artie Gooliher, Crossville; Damon Golliher, Rodeffer, Harrisonburg; Maywood Shackel Charles Allen, Newark; Joyce Boxley, Ea.st Crossville; Larry Love, Memphis; Doyle ford, Newport News, Juanita Stallings, News Orange; Leon Crawford, Newark; Samuel Moore, Crossville; Edith Nidiffer, Elizabeth Ferry; Albert Wilson, Rowe. Esteyes, Newark; George Hamilton, North ton; Columbus Degrest, Memphis; Billy Washington (7) Bergen; Juanita. Hampton, Jersey City; Sloan, Nashville; Willie Smith, Murfreesboro; Jessie Barber, Seattle; Mary Bjornson, Ta Michael Igus, Newark; Grintal Jackson, New Jorja Walter, Manson Pike; Harvey Whitaker, coma; Ivy Brown, Seattle; Jessie Gardman, ark; Harry Jackson, Newark; William Nisbet, Memphis; Ricky Willia.ms, Nashville: Erma Tacoma; John Ha.arsager, Everett; Gerald Newark; Gerard Sica, Newark. Wright, Memphis. Jefferson, Everett; Aaron Kronbeck, Seattle. Texas (102) New Mexico (9) West Virginia (2) Lorenzo Alverex, Las Cruces; Regina.Id Ara Ben Ambler, Dallas; David Arnest, Hous Sandra Brlzadene, Charleston; Clye Woods, ton; Ira Attebury, San Antonio; Zachary gon, Albuquerque; Toby Ba.ca., Albuquerque; Logan. Leroy Bryant, Clovis; Ray Clark, Carrizozo; Baker, Austin; Mildred Ballard, Dallas; Al Wisconsin (5) Richard Griego, Albuquerque; Anthony Gu bert Banks, Port Arthur; Jacky Beesley, Fort tierrez, Clovis; Rickie Hatley, Clovis; Bennie Worth; Charles Bedford, Houston; Ralph John Brutcher, Milwaukee; Eugene Don Montano, Espanola.. Bennett, Austin; Christine Berger, Dallas; aldson, Chippewa Falls; John Murphy, Chip Paul Blacketer, Eagle Mtn. Lake; William pawa Falls; Donald Schmid, Milwaukee; New York (7) Blanks, Houston; Janice Box, Sherman; Paul Roger weeks, Milwaukee. Florence Alden, Yonkers; Linda. Darrigo, Brite, Lavaca; Debbie Carmona, Houston; Wyoming (1) Newburgh; Edward Jones, Newburgh; Kerry Frank Carmona, · Kileen; Clifford Crawford, William Brown, Torrington. Lynch, Buffalo; Charlie Walker, Yonkers; Del Rio; Hung Jia Chang, Dallas; Jung Mi Jennifer Wardour, Lyndon; Robert Woods, Chang, Dallas; Ricardo Cruz, Houston. Late additions: Buffalo. Charles Davis, San Antonio; Dennis Dono Frank Flores, San Jose, Calif.; Bernard North Carolina (11) van, Austin; Michael Eakin, Austin; Willie McIntyre, Norfolk, Va.. Tommy Brooks, Charlotte; James Dowd, Earl, Fort Worth; David Edgar, Irving; Peggy Charlotte; Clarence Flowers, Charlotte; Mar Edgar, Irving; Bobby Ellison, Houston; Ar shall Heath, Fayetteville; Dwight Hoyle, mando Esparza., El Paso; Jose Fernandez, Charlotte; B. J. Jones, Charlotte; Ellen Lang Fort Worth; Darryl Ford, Austin; Elisa GOVERNMENT PLAYING WITH ford, Charlotte; Ray McKay, Charlotte; Garza, Houston; Mary Ann Gatlin, Dallas; NATION'S MOTORISTS Donna Minton, Banner Elk; Johnny Minton, Georgette Gibson, Houston; Pablo Gonzales, Banner Elk; Vanessa Riddle, Dallas. Dallas; Rocky Gordon, Fort Worth; Jim Ohio (22) Haney, Seminole; Elmore Hardaway, Dallas; HON. FLOYD J. FITHIAN Cole Hays, Jr., Emory; William Henely, Hous Jesus Canales, Toledo; Robert Clos, Cincin ton; Gary Hilliard, Cedar Hill. OF INDIANA nati; John Feisley, Cleveland; Terry Fisher, Larry Hutzler, San Antonio; Bridie Jack IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Columbus; Robert Furey, Campbell; Willie son, Dallas; Claude Jackson, Dallas; Frank Thursday, May 31, 1979 Hughs, Toledo; Page Isom, Columbus; Earl lin Johnson, Dallas; Roger Johnson, Hous Jones, Cleveland; Eunice Jones, Columbus; ton; Va.nee Judd, Pantego; Jesse King, Jr., •Mr.FITHIAN. Mr. Speaker, a lack of Richard Kee, Cleveland; Tom Kelly, Cleve Houston; Anthony Kirven, Santa Anna; accurate and timely information by pol land. Ralph La.ca. III, El Pa.so; Paul Lasoa.ze, Irv icymakers in Government and the gen George Kuchenbrod, Cleveland; Chester ing; Steven Magruder, Big Springs; Pedro Labedz, Toledo; Gregory Miceli, Cincinnati; Mancera, Angleton; John Ma.son, El Paso; eral public has contributed greatly to the Walter Rose, Cincinnati; Phillip Smith, Co Robert Mayo, Houston; John McFadin, current gasoline shortage plaguing the lumbus; Christopher Swidas, Cleveland; Houston; Facundo Mindoza, Jr., Dallas; Nation's motorists. In hope of correct Frances Thomas, Columbus; John Vaughen, Leonard Metoyer, Houston; Kenneth Mims, ing this situation, I am submitting for Columbus; Robert White, Cleveland; Thomas Houston; Sharon Mitchell, Dallas; James the benefit of my colleagues in the Wheeler, Cleveland; unidentified male, Moser, Arcadia. House excerpts from Time Magazine's Cleveland. Commodoro Naranjo, Houston; A. Na.sh, Oklahoma (8) excellent article, "Playing Politics With Beaumont; Mary Northern, Houston; Ercilea Gas," taken from Time's edition of May James Bristol, Sa.pulpa; Clifton Bry,ant, Padron, San Angelo; Lafayette Patterson, Sapulpa.; Toby Cummings, Tulsa.; Tollie Dallas; Curtis Pegues, Lubbock; Thomas Pe 28, 1979. Grant, Konawa.; Charles Keith, Oklahoma ralta, San Antonio; Hiram Perez, Fort It is my most sincere hope that a bet City; Henry Tenton, El Reno; unidentified Worth; Ruben Perez, Harlingen; Jerome ter understanding of this complex and female, Ardmore; unidentified male, Yukon. Plentl, Houston; Norris Prophet, Houston; difficult problem will lead to rational Oregon (1) Charles Randel, San Antonio; Ann Reeves, and effective Government policies to deal Nels Bailey, Springfield. Big Spring; Tracy Reeves, Big Spring; Tim with the current crisis and to avoid fu othy Robertson, Marshall; Roy Rotramel, ture crises of this type: Pennsylvania (22) Mineral Wells; Beulah Russ, Fort Worth; Lawrence Brown, Philadelphia; Alfred Richard Sanchez, Houston; B. J. Sanders, Gasoline prices had already soared to what Clark, Philadelphia.; Ernest Easley, Pitts Austin; Delores Ann Simmons, Dallas. most consumers felt were astronomical burgh; Stephen Green, West Chester; Wil Aaron Smith, Dallas; Aubrey Smith, Ennis; heights, up to $1.01 per gal. in Manllattan. li,a,m Green, Philadelphia.; James Harrell, James Smock, Fort Worth; David Stripling, Many drivers thought they were being Philadelphia; Ernest Johnson, Philadelphia; Stephenville; Sixta Tovar, Dallas; Antonio charged too much. The enforcement office Johnny Kerwood, Philadelphia.; Bruce Mac Trevino, Matamors; Mary Trista.in, cameron; of the DOE's Economic Regulatory Admin 500 Millan, Philadelphia.; Peter Morales, Phila James Turner, Dallas; Gilberto Vanegas, El istration was receiving complaints a week delphia; Dennis Nabried, Philadelphia; Pa.so; Mike Villalobos, San Antonio; Louis of price gouging. But after auditing 2,000 Artist Parrish, Philadelphia.; Benjamin Phil Ward. Houston; Bill Watson. Dallas. stations' books, federal officials concluded lips, Philadelphia; Ulrich Riche.rdson, Phila Michael Wheeler, Forth Worth; La. Charles that most of the nation's 171,000 gas station delphia.; Al Shelly, Philadelphia.; Gilbert Wilborn, Hearne; Effie W1111ams, Dallas; Wan owners had not raised prices beyond the Smith, Philadelphia.; Lemuel Stephens, Phil da Williams, Houston; Wesley Williams, profit-margin limits imposed by the Govern adelphia.; Mark Straub, Pittsburgh; Cynthia Austin; Joseph Woodberry, Houston; uni ment in 1973. Nor was there anything to substantiate Wells, Mt. Airy; Cindy Wilson, Chambers dentified female, Wichita Falls; unidentified burg; unidentified ma.le, Scranton. Hispanic male, Houston; unidentified white the suspicions of dealers and their custom ers that the gas shortage had been con·· Puerto Rico ( 1) male, Houston; unidentified male, Liver trive:i by the oil companies. Nonetheless, a Melvin Wyrick, Jr. poole; unidentified male, Wltchita Fa.Us. probe was being pursued by the Federal South Carolina (7) Utah (2) Trade Commission because statistics showed Michael Crowley, Benford; Timothy Crow Patricia Carbajal, Ogden; David Lopez, that gasoline production may have fallen ley, Beuford; Homer Davis, Greenvllle; Salt Lake City. more sharply than warranted. Said Alfred William Farr, Columbia; Donald Sewell, Virginia (21) Dougherty Jr., the FTC's Bureau of Compe tition director: "If this cutback in the pro Columbia; John Taylor, Columbia; Mary David Andrews, Petersburg; Gail Andrews, Waring, Santee. duction of refined products was not Justi Petersburg; Carl Davis, Salem; Donna De fied by a scarcity of crude oil or other legiti Tennessee (23) pugh, Arlington; Carolee Gary, Portsmouth; mate business reasons, the current gaso1ine Franklin Acuff, Sweetwater; Robert Amos, Jerome Gary, Portsmouth; John H111, Vir shortage may be contrived." Admitted FTC Tallahoma; Earl Bowden, Dresden; Karen ginia Beach; Rudy Kelley, Petersburg; Billy Investigator Ronald Rowe: "Right now, we Burkhart, Nashv1lle; Ada. Cha.ndler, Erwin; Lamb, Alexandria; W1lliam Land, Jonesville; have a lot more questions than we have Darrell Chapman, Nashville; William Driver, Roland Marable, Alexandria; Ralph McFar answers." Galla.tin; Clyde Furr, Memphis; Gerald lane, Arion; Mary Newby, Newport News; The answers will not be simple. Oilmen Ga.ffner, Chattanooga.; Clarence Gardner, Sudie Jo Newman, La.mbsburg; Jonnie Owens, disclaim any wrongdoing and insist tb.at the Nashvllle; Herman Gelsman, Chattanooga.; Danville; Thomas Richards, Staunton, Ralph problem ls mainly the result of OPEC mem- 13132 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 31, 1979 bers' decision to prop up high oil prices by tlon, the great gasoline crisis of 1979 will I beg to differ with the "Duke." He reducing exports. Because oil shipments contlnue.e from Iran take about two months to reach certainly is not ugly. But this declaration the U.S. market, the loss caused by the shut should be taken a step further. Through down during the revolution-about 700,000 his work, and his life, and by giving of bbl. per day---did not affect American con JOHN WAYNE himself, he has offered strength and sumers until March. A TRIBUTE TO dignity to each of us as individuals and The American Petroleum Institute esti as citizens of a great nation. It is this mates that the U.S. now ls short as much as legacy, even more than his films, that 1 million bbl. of imported on per day. Iran HON. CHALMERS P. WYLIE is the monument of John Wayne. It is resumed. exports 1n March, but this oil will OF OHIO not show up in American petroleum markets what all of us and our posterity will until late this month, which is why oarter IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cherish for generations to come.• and Schlesinger believe the gasoline crunch Wednesday, May 23, 1979 will be eased 1n June. But shortages will continue because OPEC nations that tem • Mr. WYLIE. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased porarlly helped offset the lost Iranian pro to be a cosponsor of H.R. 3767 and to WAGNER COLLEGE, STATEN IS duction ha.ve reduced exports to keep sup join with Congressman ANNuNzro and LAND, N.Y., HONORS HOUSE CHAP plies tight. others in this fitting tribute to one of the LAIN JAMES D. FORD At the same time that imports were re truly outstanding and most amazing duced, ollmen say several other factors people who ever lived. HON. JOHN M. MURPHY worsened the situation. Among them: John Wayne-no two words char ( 1) To hold down domestic prices, the acterize the term "American Hero" more OF NEW YORK Department of Energy urged oil companies IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not to buy crude on the spot market, where fully. John Wayne's life, his work, and prices are up to $12 higher than the world his patriotism have added richly to Thursday, May 31, 1979 average of $18 per ·bbl. There ls some debate America. He has transcended the me • Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. among oilmen over the degree to which this dium by which he gained his fame and policy affected supplies. Tn any event, be Speaker, this is the time of the year when become much more than a movie actor. commencement exercises at colleges and cause of a change in DOE pollcy last week, He represents the culmination of talent, the companies are now free to buy on the universities across the Nation send forth spot market, though several of them are courage, integrity, and warmth-all vir their graduates to make their way in an reluctant to do so untll the Government tues redolent of the American spirit. In increasingly complex world. The oldest assures them that they can pass the extra so many ways, John Wayne is a living college in Staten Island, N.Y., is Wagner costs on to consumers. symbol of the United States. College, begun in 1883 in affiliatio~ with (2) With the stock of heating oil and It seems only yesterday that the the Lutheran Church, and now privately diesel fuel at the extremely low level of a.bout "Duke" was awarded his first movie lead 117 milllon bbl., the Energy Department operated with a student body of 2,300 on role by Raoul Walsh in the 1930 western, the site of the original Cunard estate. pushed the 34 largest refiners to boost pro "The Big Trail." He made many films duction so that supplies would hit 240 mil This year's commencement was pre lion bbl. by Oct. 1. This would be consider throughout the 1930's. Most agree that sided over by Wagner College's 15th pres ably above the 198 milllon bbl. that the DOE his first really big opportunity came ident, Dr. John Satterfield, and heard considers to be the ''minimum acceptable when that great director, John Ford, the commencement address by my friend, level" for that time of year. Energy officials selected him to play the Ringo Kid in Mr. Bradford Corbett, chairman of the e.re now telllng the refineries that they can the landmark western, "Stagecoach." have until the end of October to get stocks Board of Robintech, Inc., and a Wagner From that time, he was identified as the graduate from the class of 1960. I was of heating oil and diesel fuel up to the re archetypal western movie cowboy. His quested levels, thereby allowing them to particularly pleased to participate in this produce more gasoline. vivid portrayal of the ruthless cattle year's graduation ceremonies with the baron in Howard Hawks' classic, "Red (3) As gasoline production has waned, presentation of a special citation and consumption has risen much faster than River," reinforced that image. honorary doctor of divinity degree to can be accounted for by population growth, Yet, John Wayne's acting skill has not Dr. James D. Ford, the chaplain of the which ls only about 8 percent a year. For been restricted to westerns. One of the U.S. House of Representatives. the first four months of 1979, consumption "Duke's" favorite movies was another The gentleman honored by Wagner Jumped 2.6 percent. One reason ls the boom John Ford film, "The Quiet Man." In ing popularity of pickup trucks and vans, College, although relatively new to the this movie, he portrayed a retired Irish House of Representatives, is not a new which get lower gas mileage than many ca.rs. prize fighter who returns to his home Another ls the growing number of two face to me. Prior to his election as Chap and three-car families; according to an oil land and there courts a beautiful colleen. lain to the House of Representatives, he company estimate, the number of cars on Another nonwestern brought him his served for 14 years as the senior chaplain the road (a.bout one for every two Ameri first Academy Award nomination. He at my alma mater, West Point, where he cans) climbs a.bout 10 percent a year. A poll played the rough Marine Sgt. John was appointed by Lyndon Johnson at age by Amoco found that the avere.ge household Stryker in the 1949 film, "The Sands of 33 and was then reappointed three times. drove 20,400 miles last year, up 11 percent Iwo Jima." Although a Lutheran, Chaplain Ford's since 1974, and that 22 percent of that driv Nonetheless, a western served as the ing could have been eliminated without "any responsibilities include service to Mem great personal sacrifice." Moreover, drivers vehicle for the "Duke" to earn his Oscar bers of the House and their staff who increasingly are ignoring the 55 m.p.h. speed for best actor. In a role that seemed encompass all major religions. limit; each additional 5 m.p.h. requires 1 written for him, he played Sheriff Roos His religious background is strongly percent more gasoline. The gas supply situa ter Cogburn in "True Grit." His authen rooted in family tradition, as he is the tion ls aggravated in the Southern and West tic portrayal brought the praise even of son and grandson of Lutheran clergymen ern states because on top of all the other critics who for years had disparaged his from South Dakota. His wife is also a factors, their populations have soared (up performances. 1.9 percent in Callfornle. alone last year), daughter of the cloth, making a total of and their cities generally have inadequate Of course, John Wayne's contribution five generations of service to the church mass transit. to America extends well beyond the represented by this remarkable man and There now ls some evidence that Ameri screen. Although many people have dis his family. cans are beginning to cut down on gas con agreed with his views, no one can deny Chaplain Ford came from a rather sumption. Beginning in mid-April, sales of his passion for his country and his will parochial background, having graduated gasoline fell a.bout 5 percent below last ingness to enter the political fray to from Gustavus Adolphus College in St. year's levels. At the mme time, crude on further his ideals. He has always worked Peter. Minn., and the Augustana Theo stocks began to rise; the latest figure was for and with our men in uniform, in logical Seminary in Rock Island, Ill. He 322 milllon bbl., up from 300 mlllion bbl. peace, and in war. His activities with the in January, when refineries began cutting was a leader in virtually everything back on gasoline production. By the end American Cancer Society testify to his his college class, the student senate, his of May, predict federal energy experts, gaso deep concern for others suffering from college fraternity, seminary class, and line supplies for California and the rest of the disease that has so afflicted him. alumni organization, as well as scholas the nation could hit 99 percent of 1978 John Wayne has asked that his tic awards and sports. stocks. Still, unless tank topping stops and epitaph read simply: In the field of spcrts, he has achieved American drivers practice a little conserva- He was usly, was strong, and had dignity. a number of outstanding goals which May 31, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13133 are, to say the least, unusual. In the sonal criteria for success. If the two do not esy a general economic slow down, and match, you may never feel, inside, the success possible recession. The problems and condi spring of 1976, he captained a 31-foot you may have achieved many times in the tions which prompt such fear, in reality, sailboat, the Yankee Doodle and with eyes of your peers. present unique opportunities to you .. . two crewmen, sailed from Plymouth, Class of 79, I envy you! Why? Because you opportunities to resolve those problems, and England to West Point-a Bicentennial are about to embark on a great adventure strengthen our economic system. adventure which lasted 51 days at sea the adventure of life in working America, an More than ever before, business and gov and covered 5,900 miles-including a adventure as rich as the education you have ernment leaders throughout the country are quick trip past Staten Island on his way received at Wagner, as spellbinding as your searching for talented young men and women favorite professor often was, as harried as who are not afraid to risk, to fail, and to up the river. Far removed from sailboat any final exam, and as memorable as this succeed. ing is skiing, a field in which Chaplain day wlll be. But, please remember, you must help to Ford is a master of ski jumping and How you perceive the adventure is all im make the opportunities I speak of. Others trick skiing. portant; for I believe your state of mind or may provide the means to achieve your goals, He is a man with a smalltown back attitude, as you move through your work but ultimately, the responsibllity of seizing ground, who had the persistence to fund ing life, wlll be the key determinant of how the moment must be yours. fulfilling and meaningful this experience The environment required for you to make his entire seminary education through is to you. opportunities, and to allow the four truths part-time work, which, as most of us Today, I want to share with you some· of I have discussed to operate, can only be with college-age children are fully aware, my thoughts on how to develop the state of described as one in which personal and busi is the hard way. He did graduate work mind, which has helped me a great deal in ness freedom prevails. at Heidelberg University in Germany, this adventure. If you are offered to exchange this free where he traveled to 17 nations, includ There are four truths which form the dom for security, you will be deceived. foundation of my personal and business phi Despite our human desire for security, and ing the Soviet Union, to broaden his losophy, and, consequently, contribute sub the efforts of government and other institu horizons and increase his knowledge of stantially to my state of mind-a state I tions to provide it, the urge to acquiese-to world affairs. would describe as positive and optimistic. substitute freedom for security-must be His is the kind of dedication which is The first truth ls that you must .believe resisted. For I believe freedom cannot survive so rare in these days of too-superficial In yourself. It has been my experience that where security is paramount--and without education in a complex world. And it is others will not provide you with the oppor freedom, real se<:urity in your personal and for that very reason that the House of tunities to succeed unless they themselves professional life is not possible. The freedom are confident that you wlll succeed. This that underpins the foundation of this na Representatives has made a very wise confidence in your abllity can ultimately tion, and permitted the dream of building selection in its choice of a new Chaplain. come from only one source-you. Wagner College to become a reallty, is the And for the same reasons, Wagner Col If you belleve in yourself that what you same freedom that will allow you to achieve lege has the honor of welcoming to its want to achieve can be achieved-the power whatever success you may strive for. ranks an outstanding man whose contri to convince others that their trust is war Remember the four truths---believe in butions to our society have proven to be ranted will be yours. yourself-follow your heart as well as your most worthy of the degree conferred The second truth I suggest is to follow mind-do not be afraid to fail-and do not your heart as well as your mind. Your edu fear success. Stay free. upon him. cation at Wagner has sharpened your intel Thank you and God speed !e It is also heartening to have such men lectual skllls, and discipllned your mind. As as Bradford Corbett return to Wagner revered as these qualities are In our society, College, where they received their foun I have known men and women who have dation for their entry into the world of !alled to achieve their goals, because their business, to share their thoughts with rational mind would not let their instincts VIETNAM VETERANS WEEK those who have just begun. I have in prevail. I belleve our rational thoughts must be cluded the text of his remarks to the tempered with the emotions and memories HON. EUGENE V. ATKINSON graduating students of Wagner College, of our experiences, If we are to act as whole in the knowledge that his thoughts OF PENNSYLVANIA men and women. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES might benefit some others among the Do not be afraid to dare, to risk-to at thousands of graduates nationwide: tempt the unthinkable when your heart says Thursday, May 24, 1979 REMARK. OF BRADFORD CORBET!', CHAIRMAN OF It can be done. The third truth I would llke to discuss is • Mr. ATKINSON. Mr. Speaker, I am THE BOARD, RoBINTECH, INC. grateful for the opportunity to speak a Dr. Satterfield, fellow guests and alumni not to be afraid of !alll.U'e. Fallure teaches, of Wagner College, faculty members, and and learning from !allure only Increases your few words about Vietnam veterans during the Class of 1979, thank you for the privilege capacity to succeed. You seldom hear or Vietnam Veterans Week. Too long for of sharing this moment with you. read of the past !allures of those men and gotten by a public that unfortunately women, who are now called grP.at by our wants to forget history's lessons, Viet When Dr. Satterfield first asked me to be society. Something in the American con this year's commencement speaker, I could sciousness does not permit the open discus nam veterans deserve this week of re not help but reflect on the men and women sion of our personal or business !allures, even membrance and commemoration. who have stood in this place before me though the end result of such failures often However, in line with what Abraham captains of industry, astronauts, noted poli points to the beginning of s11ccess. Lincoln said about veterans of another ticians and theologians, only to mention a The fourth truth ls related to the third, era-at Gettysburg, 116 years ago !ew. but is often more difficult to comprehend: we should realize that our comments and When one is asked to speak before any that truth ls not being afraid to succeed. commemoration here today fade in com group, I think there ls a natural tendency With each success in your personal and busi parison with the sacrifices made by our to look to the remarks of your predecessors ness life comes more responsibility, and for guidance. pressure, both self-Imposed and from others, veterans in the hills, fields, and water But then I remembered I was pro'bably to succeed again. Unfortunately, the excep ways of Vietnam. Truly, the brave different from most of those who have been tional often becomes the exoected norm. soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines in this position, in that I once sat where However, I believe these outcomes are far who struggled there created a legacy you are now-as a n student from the class outweighed by the rewards of success, and "far above our poor power to add or of 1960. the !eellng of self-fulfillment which nat detract." In recalllng these facts, I knew my Job urally follows. We need to shift our focus to the fu was to bridge the gap between your Eeat and Your successes, like your !allures, will ture. We need not only Vietnam Veterans this stage, by trying to answer the questions stre!lgthen you, but In a different way. I be I had 19 years ago at commencement, and lieve success makes you more cognizant of Week, but Vietnam veterans weeks, the same questions I believe many of you the importance of those around you, who months, and years. We need to stop ~or have today-can a person really hope to aid and share in your accomplishments. Each getting and spend time remembermg, achieve success in this day and time, and if success also broadens the view of what ts thanking, and helping our Vietnam so, how? possible, and achieveable. veterans. In the coming months and I say the answer is yes to achieving suc Despite the conflicting views of our na years, we need understan~ing of the cess-if you are willing to strive for excel tion's economists on the future of the free Vietnam experience and patience to deal lence in whatever you choose to do or be enterprise system, I, for one, know the sys with Vietnam era problems that will not come. You will find that each career has its tem wm survive and flourish regardless of evaporate overnight. Above all, we need own measure of success. However, it is im the number and ferocity of the assaults made portant, I think, to realize that these meas against It. practical assistance-jobs, counseling, ures must be compatible with your per- Do not be discouraged by those who proph- training, friendship-from individuals CXXV----826-Pa.rt 10 13134 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 31, 1979 and Government directed toward Viet tractors in a depressed economy from suc main in force for nearly half a century. At a nam vets. cessfully bidding on Federal Government time when our nation is struggling to contain During Vietnam Veterans Week, I pro;ects by paying lower than preva111ng the worst inflation in our history, it would salute our Vietnam vets who join the wa,yes. The law re .... uired contractors en damage public confidence in our government gaged in Federal Government construction 1f the Congress permitted this Act to remain proud line of citizens who have fought for pro·ects to pay "prevailing" local wages as in force. our country in World War I, World War determined by the U.S. Department of Labor. Sincerely yours, II, Korea, and on other battlefields of the Today, provisions of the Act apply to 80 re ARTHUR BURNS. past. And I urge that we rededicate our lated statutes that involve Federally-assisted selves to bringing them the honor and construction pro~ects, and 41 States have HOOVER INSTITUTION, practical assistance they need.• passed laws with provisions similar to those ON WAR, REVOLUTION AND PEACE, of the Davis-Bacon Act. Stanford, Calif., February 2, 1979. Since the Act was passed, however, eco Hon. TOM HAGEDORN. nomic conditions have changed considerably. U.S. House of Representatives, In the early 1930's, more than half o! all con Washington, D.C. NOTED ECONOMISTS ATI'ACK struction activity was Government-financed THE DAVIS-BACON ACT DEAR CONGRESSMAN HAGEDORN: J. am de and the unemployment rate approached 25 lighted to learn that you are seeking to re per cent. Competition !or contracts and jobs peal the Davis-Bacon Act. I am more than HON. TOM HAGEDORN was intense and there were no minimum wage glad to provide you with an on-the-record or unemployment compensation laws to pro comment on the Davis-Bacon Act. OF MINNESOTA tect workers. As a result, contractors were In my opinion the Davis-Bacon Act has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRF.SENTATIVES in an exceptionally strong bargaining posi had undesirable effects from the very be tion with labor and were able to use this Thursday, May 31, 1979 ginning. It has in effect served as a major power to depress wage rates. hindrance to the opening up of construction e Mr. HAGEDORN. Mr. Speaker, con Today, the ab111ty of Government contrac jobs to all qualified applicants. It is not an struction plays a very important and tors to set wage rates is generally constrained accident that the industry which has been significant role in the health of the by com:petition for construction wor"ers from most affected by the Davis-Bacon Act, name many private-sector projects and by institu ly the construction industry, is also the in American economy. When the Federal tional wage-setting practices. In my view, dustry in which trade unions have the worst Government causes labor costs to rise these forces would tend to maintain local record for discriminating against minorities. unnecessarily, the result can be infla wage structures in the absence of the Davis The effect of the Davis-Bacon Act was essen tionary pressures that are harmful to Bacon Act. A recent study by the General Ac tially to provide governmental enforcement the American taxpayer and consumer. counting Office supports this view. Their of trade union wage agreements. This has This is exactly what happens because of investigation indicates that contractors tend encouraged wages higher than the market the requirement that prevailing wages to pay preva111ng wage rates even when a would have Justified which in turn has meant be paid on Federal construction projects determination under the Davis-Bacon Act that the number of Jobs available at such would allow them to pay less. This suggests wages was less than the number of persons as provided by the Davis-Bacon Act. that market forces already ensure that the who were more than wUling to accept sucb The impact is increased when a par legislative intent-not disturbing local wage Jobs. Some arbitrary method for rationing ticular program designed to help furnish norms-is being met. Jobs among applicants had to be used. When adequate housing for thousands of Amer Not only does it appear the Act is no ever that situation a.rises, one of the arbi icans is hampered by this prevailing wage longer serving its original purpose, but it trary methods is to impose the prejudices requirement. Citizens receive less in the also adds substantial costs to Government. and biases of the people who are in charge of way of projects and unnecessary tax dol The administration of the Act continues to the rationing. pose difficult problems in terms o! surveying The effect of the Davis-Bacon Act has been lars are spent on the higher wages-and wages, defining a.o"lroor!ate local labor mar to give trade unions special privileges avail this is money that could be used in other ket areas and collecting data from contractors able to no other groups in the society. It has ways than subsidizing rates usually de voluntarily. To the extent that these prob served to make costs of construction higher termined by collectively bargained lems cause minimum rates to be set higher than they otherwise would be, not only to wages. Therefore, when the House con than market-determined wages preva1ling in deny Jobs to potential construction workers siders the housing and community de the project area, the result is an unnecessary but also to deny housing and factory building velopment amendments legislation, H.R. increase in costs. In addition, the costs of to people or enterprises that might otherwise 3875, next week, I intend to offer a com Government-assisted projects are inflated by have been able to finance them. In every re prehensive amendment to strike the ap the administrative costs to firms of comply spect it has been a counterproductive ing with the reporting requirements. While measure. plication of the Davis-Bacon Act with estimates of the cost impact of De.vis-Bacon I believe it is unwise to use bad arguments regard to all programs contained in the may be imprecise, the available evidence does for good causes. The measure should be re bill. suggest that it adds significantly to con pealed whether we have inflation or do not Many noted economists have made struction expenditures. have inflation. It does make our total output public statements regarding their views One of the most challenging and important less than it otherwise would be, and in that about the Davis-Bacon Act. I would like tasks of Government today is the reduction way does make the price level slightly higher to take this opportunity to share with of inflationary pressures including those than it would be, but it is not in and of itself my colleagues the comments that some emanating from Federal laws and regula an inflationary measure and its repeal would tions. To this end, a careful review of the not be a significant contribution to the re of these economists have shared with me. current usefulness of the Davis-Bacon duction of inflation. Inflation is produced by I make special mention of the letter sent Act-both benefits and costs-is warranted. excessive government spending and excessive to me by the chairman of the Federal Re Thank you !or giving me the opportunity government creation of money; that is where serve System, William Miller, as well as to offer these comments. the essential effort should be directed toward the letters of two of America's most re- · Sincerely, the reduction of inflation. Repeal of the spected economists, Dr. Arthur Bums BILL. Davis-Bacon Act is Justified on much more and Milton Friedman. Other letters are fundamental grounds. It is a mistake to try from professors from major universities AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE to Justify it on the ground of a very minor FOR PUBLIC POLICY RESEARCH, contribution that it could make toward the as well as senior staff personnel at the Washington, D.C., February 9, 1979. fight against inflation. Brookings Institute and the American Hon. TOM HAGEDORN, May I wish you every success with your Enterprise Institute for Public Policy House of Representatives, effort. Research. Washington, D.C. Sincerely yours, The letters follow: DEAR CONGRESSMAN HAGEDORN: I am pleased MILTON FRIEDMAN, to learn from your letter of January 26 that Senior Research Fellow. BOARD OF GOVERNORS, you have introduced legislation in the new FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM, session of Congress to repeal the Davis-Bacon Washington, D.C., February 6, 1979. Act. THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Hon. THOMAS HAGEDORN, Ann Arbor, Mich., February 6, 1979. House of Representatives, Like a number of other laws, the Davis Washington, D.C. Bacon Act is a measure that has outlived Representative TOM HAGEDORN, whatever usefulness it may once have had. House of RepresenPatives, DEAR Ma. HAGEDORN: Thanks !or your recent The Act escalates costs in the construction Washington, D.C. letter requesting my comments on your pro industry, it swells Federal expenditures, and DEAR CONGRESSMAN HAGEUORN: This is in posal to repeal the De.vis-Bacon Act. it increases the burden on taxpayers-all for response to your letter of January 26, asking The purpose o! the Davis-Bacon Act, when no perceivable public purpose. It is regret my views about your proposal to repeal the it was passed 1n 1931, was to discourage con- table that the Act has been permitted to re- Davis-Ba.con Act. May 31, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13135 I have long been on the record with the With repeated best wishes for success of THE SEAWAY, 20 YEARS LATER view that the Davis-Bacon Act serves no use the action you have initiated, I remain ful purpose, and that, in practice, it con Sincerely yours, tributes to the high cost not only of govern WU.LIAM FELLNER, HON. JAMES L. OBERSTAR ment but, indirectly, of private construction. OF MINNESOTA I strongly support your initiative to repeal THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it. Washington, D.C., February 1, 1979. Thursday, May 31, 1979 Sincerely yours, Congressman TOM HAGEDORN, GARDNER ACKLEY, Washington, D.C. e Mr. OBERSTAR. Mr. Speaker, the Professor of Political Economy. DEAR CONGRESSMAN HAGEDORN: I agree with opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway, 20 the analysis and conclusions of the GAO re years ago this spring, offered the pros THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, port recommending repeal of the Davis Baltimore, Md., February 14, 1979. Bacon Act. The act unnecessarily restricts pect of a rebirth of the once great ports Hon. TOM HAGEDORN, competition and artificially inflates the cost of the Great Lakes. The Seaway was a House of Representatives, of construction projects in which the govern dream for over 40 years. Under the Washington, D .C. ment is directly or indirectly involved. vigorous and visionary leadership of Con DEAR CONGRESSMAN HAGEDORN: Thank you The government now is trying to slow in gressman John A. Blatnik, the Seaway for your letter a.bout your proposal to repeal flation and both fiscal and monetary policy became a reality in the 6-year period, the Davis-Ba.con Act. You have made an ex are geared to restraining the economy to help 1953-59. cellent proposal. achieve that slowing. Any step, such as re The chief provision of this Act, as you The Seaway symbolized the enormous peal of Davis-Bacon, that contributes directly good will between t'he partners in that know, is the requirement that la.borer on Fed to holding down costs and prices, will help eral construction contracts must be pa.id at minimize the slowdown in economic output spectacular construction project--the least as much as the "preva.1ling wage" for and employment that wlll result from these United States and Canada. that type of work in that area. The Secretary policies of monetary and fiscal restraint. President. Eisenhower and Queen Eliz of Labor has to specify what the preva.1ling Sincerely yours, abeth II met at the Seaway to launch a wage ls in ea.ch case. GEORGE L. PERRY, new era for the ports of each nation's In those cases where the Secretary specifies Senior Fellow.e a preva.1ling wage that ls at or below the heartland. lowest wage for which any qualified la.borer Twenty years later, the Seaway has ls wllling to work, the Act has no effect: some critics who argue that because the Federal contractors wm pay whatever wage Seaway has not fulfilled the most ex is required to hire the labor they need, un TRIBUTE TOE. C. "TOOK" GATHINGS pensive dreams of its early supporters, it affected by the Secretary's specification. has been a failure. In those other cases where the Secretary For those of us who have seen the specifies a preva.111ng wage that is above growth of Great Lakes ports in the past the lowest wage for which qualified laborer is HON. THOMAS P. O'NEILL, JR. wllling to work, the effect of the Act is to OF MASSACHUSETTS 20 years, and for our constituents who exclude from Federal construction the quali IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sail the Lakes and handle Seaway cargo, fied laborer that ls willing to do the job most the charge is so unfounded as to border economically. Those who demand high wages Thursday, May 31, 1979 on the irresponsible. are protected by the Act from the fair com • Mr. O'NEILL. Mr. Speaker, it is with While the ports of the Great Lakes do petition of those who would like to do the deep sadness that I join my colleagues in not yet rival the tidewater ports, never work for less. This raises the cost of Federal theless Great Lakes ports have grown construction. Furthermore, it reduces the mourning the passing of one of the finest amount of employment available for laborers former Members of the House of Repre substantially in the last two decades, cre in the construction industry, because we sentatives, the late E. C. "Took" ated thousands of new jobs, and the Sea cannot (or do not) afford as much Federal Gathings. way locks themselves, though limited in construction as we could ( or would) if costs "Took" Gathings served his constitu size, are rapidly reaching their capacity. were more reasonable. ency and his Nation well. As the Repre Furthermore, without the Seaway we In short, where the Davis-Bacon Act h&.s sentative from the First District of Ar could not have achieved fourth seacoast an effect at all, it is the undesirable effect of kansas for 30 years, ''Took" understood status as provided in the Merchant fixing wages above where fair competition would set them, raising the cost of Federal the agricultural concerns of his native Marine Act of 1970. construction, and limiting the a.mount of State and worked diligently as a member The Seaway is unique among our U.S. employment available in construction. of the Agriculture Committee to resolve waterways. Each year the tolls levied on The repeal of the Davis-Bacon Act would those problems. An excellent legislator Seaway users pay all operating and result in an improvement in the efficiency and a superb human being, "Took" maintenance costs and retire a portion of and equity of our economy. Gathings was admired and respected by the Seaway's capital construction costs. I am sure you understand that these views Members on both sides of the aisle. He Last year, these tolls retired $2.5 million a.re my own, and do not indicate anything of the Seaway's $115.5 million outstand about the position of The Johns Hopkins always worked :first for the interests of University on this matter. his beloved State and devoted most of ing debt. Thank you for bringing your blll to my his public life toward sponsoring and This year, the Seaway marks its 20th attention. steering through the Congress legislation anniversary. On Sunday, May 20, the Sincerely yours, that had a profound effect upon the agri much-overlooked Seaway was the sub CARL F. CHRIST, cultural development of eastern ject of an article in the Business and Professor of Political Economy. Arkansas. Finance section of the New York Times. Unassuming, and possessing great per That article provides a good, general AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE overview of the Seaway's origins, its im FOR_ PuBLIC POLICY RESEARCH, sonal warmth, "Took" Gathings was a Washington, D.C., January 31, 1979. most persuasive proponent of the virtues pact on the ports, its problems and its Hon. TOM HAGEDORN, of rural America. future. House of Representatives, He is best known by his colleagues for I am including that article in my Washington, D.C. his role in the sponsorship and passage statement and commend it to my col DEAR HAGEDORN: Thank you for your letter leagues in this House. of January 26th and for informing me of the of three maior acts affecting cotton and rice allotments, for bringing natural gas The Seaway is important to all of us. steps you have ta.ken to convince Comt"e'>s In 1978, 142.8 million tons of cargo from of the desirability of repealing the Davis to eastern Arkansas, and for develop Bacon Act. ment and construction projects across all nations passed through the Panama I am very ~lad you took this initiative and the Mississippi and Arkansas Rivers. Canal. Last year, 62.8 million tons of I wish you full success in your effort. Quite In the passing of "Took" Gathings, cargo, bound for or from the United aside from other considerations, provisions Arkansas has lost a fine public servant, States or Canada, passed through the such as those incorpora.ted in the Da. vis and the Nation, a distin~iched. patriotic Seaway, and I would remind my col Bacon Act unnecessarily prolong the period American. My wife, Millie joins me in leagues, that is over only an 8-month it would take for the required overall mone period, since the Seaway is closed during tary and fiscal restraint to result in a signif extending our deep condolences to "Took's" lovely wife, Tolise, and his chil the 4 winter months. On an annualized icant lowering and gradual elimination of basis, then, the Seaway is approaching our inflation rate. dren.• 13136 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 31, 1979 the capacity of the Panama Canal. and three smaller lakes in the St. Lawrence, the organized a. Port Users Council to help at is a significant factor in our national eco seaway project itself involved the seve~ locks t ract new business, to little avail so far. nomi: picture. between Montreal and Lake Ontario plus the DETROIT eight locks in Welland. These ease the ships A constituent and a friend, Capt. down the steepest incline, the 326-foot drop Overseas shipping of an estimated 2.5 Tony Rico of Duluth, expressed very well which takes but a few seconds at Niagara million tons provided jobs for 1,500 workers in the Times article what the Seaway has Falls but about 10 hours to do safely. and direct economic benefits of $50 million meant to those who sail the lakes: "The Historically, this water transport system last year. according to David E. Clark of the was of major value in opening up central Port Commission. In 1958 the tonnage figure Seaway has had a terrific impact on the was 87,661. north central United States. If we did North America for settlement. French ex Michigan farmers, for instance, can ut111ze not have the Seaway, this part of the plorers had wandered its shores naming the largest river for St. Lawrence, the Third cont ainers now to export 100,000 tons a year nation would cave in." Century Christian martyr. The Erle Canal, of navy beans direct to Europe. (From the New York Times, May 20, 1979] which opened in 1825, linked New York City But experts believe the port has yet to realize its full potential of four m1111on or THE SEAWAY, 20 YEARS LATER with Lake Erle via the Hudson and Mohawk more tons annually for a variety of factors. (By Andrew Malcolm) Rivers. Also competing for the Midwestern trade, canada too develooed canals around "The private firms have not developed the WELLAND, ONT.-There was Queen Eliza the St. Lawrence rapids. -Until the Depres port facllities," said John L. Hazard, once a beth II of England and President Eisenhower sion it was the United States that pushed for seaway economist and now with Michlg~ of the United States amid colorful bands of joint development of the St. Lawrence. This State University. sailors, trumpeters and bagpipers, backed up enthusiasm, however, ran aground on sen CHICAGO by choirs, pennants and the red coats of the ate opposition about the time interest in This city, traditionally the nation's main Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Ships of the Canada was growing. transport hub from wagons to railroads to world lined the waters nearby as the leaders The Canadian Government, faced with de jets, finds itself in stiff competition with of the two great nations met to officially open veloping and even just holding together this nearby Burns Harbor. Ind. Mainly a. bulk the St. Lawrence Seaway, an unprecedented vast, sparsely settled land, has used trans cargo port for exporting the grains of the joint five-year, bilUon-dollar navigation and portation as a. vital instrument of national heartland ( 1.2 mUlion tons last year). Chi hydroelectric project designed to harness economic pollcy. It actively subsidized rail cago too ls being threatened by containers. one of the world's major rivers and for the road construction, arranged freight rates to Last year the Midwest shipped out 200,000 first time to open the North American heart help balance regional economic disparities, containers; only 9,555 went through Chicago. land to direct international maritime underwrote canals and today, even regulates And overseas vessel sa111ngs fell from 370 to commerce. local harbors. Except for land grants the 351. This spring, without a Queen or President, American transport system was privately fi so the state and city finally are developing the St. Lawrence seaway marks the 20th nanced. Government subsidies were frowned a. modern container facllity to attract more anniversary of its first ship passage. In this on, so even though inland waterways were of the $43 ln economic benefits that officials llmited time the seaway has been a limited traditionally free, the idea of seaway tolls figure come with each container handled. success. It has become less than its planners was adopted to help defuse opposition. "Great Lakes ports are finally waking up," said it would be and more than its critics It wasn't until the early 1950's that the said Vera Paktor, former director of the Chl claim it ls. two nations, s9urred also by the pressing cago Maritime Council, "they've got to pro The Seaway has created a fourth American need for hydroelectric developments, agreed vide service to the carriers and be aggres seacoast----sort of. It has brought new jobs on the seaway. Costs (and tolls) for the slve." to some places. Its annual cargo tonnages do project, which involved moving four towns "The resource of the Great Lakes," adds increase-5ome years. And it has united and flooding vast areas, were split on a 71- Robert Palaima of Illinois' Department of Canada and the United States-except when to-29 ratio by Canada and the United States. Economic Development, "is ludicrously un it has divided them over toll increases or The seaway, it was said, would a.t last derutllized." year-round navigation plans. bring cheap international transportation DULUTH With costly energy playing an increasingly right to the doorstep of the vtta.l Midwest, Last year 968 ocean vessels entered Lake prominent role in transportation decisions, which produces most of the nation's agri superior. Fully half were bound for Duluth the seaway and its ships remain an efficient, cultural exports, half its manufactured goods to haul away a record 8.7 million short tons cheap transit system that gets, by some cal and 70 percent of its steel. of grains, a.long with machinery and bag culntions, 600 ton-miles per gallon of fuel But reality hasn't matched the vision, a goods the major exports. "It's good business versus 200 for trains, 58 for trucks and four look at the seaway's impact on various areas for ttigs and pilots and services," sald Alan for aircraft. shows. Johnson of the Duluth-Superior Port Au But ingrained by habit, perhaps pressured BUFFALO thority, "we figure every ton of grain pro by seaway competitors and discouraged by "Today," sa1d David A. Smith, a State Uni duces $15 in direct benefits." the seaway's four-month shutdown each versity of New York geographer, "Buffa.lo ls "The seaway has had a terrific impact on winter, many shippers have stuck to tra on a side street or dead-end as far as the sea the north central U.S.," added Capt. Anthony ditional land-based transport. wav· ls concerned." Once America's Main Rico of the Great Lakes Pilot Association. The ports have been slow to take advan Street for transportation and tne eastern "If we didn't have the seaway, this part of tage of the seaway an.d now see efficient con terminus of Great Lakes shipping, Buffalo the nation would cave in." tainer ships, too large for the St. Lawrence today watches the lake and oceangoing ships MASSENA, N.Y. locks, threatening business. Some ports, leave the Welland Canal near here and head notably Buffalo. watched helplessly as the straight for the numerous ports of the Upper As the headquarters for the United States seaway's altered transport patterns erased Lakes. That saves a. costly day's sailing. seaway Development Corporation, this up its importance and longtime business. state city gained 200 full-time jobs and a Containerization of ocean cargoes llke $4 mtlllon annual payroll plus spinoff bene Throughout the seaway's history, and even liquor, canned goods or machinery has seen fits that include jobs for teachers, suppliers before it began, there have been dl.ffering more ships dump their loads at the more and the arrival of a Reynolds Aluminum views by the two national partners over the efficient New York metropolltan area con plant, attracted by water transportation and importance of the waterway, its priorities tainer ports for the overnight truck haul to cheaper hydroelectricity. and the role of governmeits in them. Buffalo. Additionally, areas near the lock sites ln There have been unforeseen environmental Twenty years ago seaway boosters predicted Quebec, New York, Sault Ste. Marte and problems; ships are not the only visitors that ocean freighters would haul mUllons of here have seen a steady influx of tourists from the ocean who can use the locks. Its pounds of flour overseas from Buffalo's mills. (and motels and gas stations and camp initial supporters oversold the immediate What actually happened was that new, more grounds) drawn like curious moths to the impact of this "ditch between friends" and efficient mllls were built elsewhere. Why stop incongruous slght of an ocean ship rising underestimated the difficulty in altering at Buffalo? out of the ground, as the locks fill with traditional shipping patterns. Before the seaway, more than 200 million water, and then moving off slowly through And now there is the political uncertainty bushels of grain arrived in Buffalo in a good the woods. of Quebec, the French-Canadian province year. Afterward, the declining total never ERIE, PA. that straddles the seaway and ls seeking topped 100 million. Before the seaway, up to Twenty years ago, said Joseph Rosenthal, some form of separatio~ from Canada. 60 mlllion bushels a year were unloaded in port authority manager, Port Erie's future The 2,342-mile-long seaway ls actually a Buffalo, milled and shipped on for export. looked '•pretty bleak." No more. In 1959 watery ladder of locks, lakes and rivers that Today that figure is virtually nil. Some pre cargoes totaled 27,000 tons; last year it was carries ships down the 602-foot drop between seaway years, 67 ships, left idle by ice, were more than 285,000, 80 percent of it imports, the Upper Great Lakes and the Atlantic used for storing the mills' winter supply re mostly steel slabs, speciality ores and coke. Ocean. H.alf the seaway's traffic travels the quirements, while scores of shipworkers Major export items include General Electric full route; the rest has destinations some swarmed the decks making repairs and over locomotives, Bucyrus-Erle cranes and hard where within the lake-river system. hauls. They're all gone now. wood lumber. Although the entire system includes 16 Officials created a. free trade zone, increased One success story lnvolvas the American locks, three rivers, the five Great Lakes plus warehousing, upgraded dock equipment and Lumber International Company, a Hammer- May 31, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13137 mm subsidiary. Preseaway it was not an ex "Yes, the seaway will still be cheap water The Denver public school system de porter; the overland transport was too costly. transport for some," notes Professor Mayer, serves a pat on the back for the progress Today, its exports are a $20 million-a-year "but I think the marginal shipping will go it has made on desegregation. Now it business. elsewhere." needs a little harder pressure applied to "But the current ran rates favor East Coast At least in the first !ew weeks o! opera get it to take the next step--providing ports," notes Mr. Rosenthal, "1! they were tions on the Welland Canal this spring, equitable, you'd see a much !aster seaway traffic is up. Growing numbers of Japanese topnotch education for the public school growth." tourists pour off their buses to photograph students of Denver.• Others see the seaway as merely a tool to the ships rising and falling as 20 million be used--or not used in many cases--by gallons of water thunder through the grat each locality according to its imagination. ings in nine minutes. Nearby, Frado's Res For years a.fter the seaway opened, many taurant is finaJly opening a dining room ports were still not dredged to the seaway's addition that looks out on the seaway coming POLITICAL REPRESSION ON 27-!oot depth. This was crucial !or large of age. "Twenty years?" says a waitress, "has TAIWAN ships where a half-inch can mean another it been that long already?" • 600-plus tons o! cargo. Many ports were old, 111-equipped and run, as one official put lt, HON. JIM LEACH not by the greatest thinking bodies in the world. Foreign shippers, it seemed, often OF IOWA DENVER PUBLIC SCHOOLS GET A IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES knew more about the seaway than local PAT ON THE BACK businessmen. Thursday, May 31, 1979 A LAGGARD CONGRESS • Mr. LEACH of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, one It wasn't until 1970 that Congress finally declared the Orea t Lakes a sea-coast eligible HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER of the unfortunate repercussions of U.S. for a variety of subsidies that had been aid OF COLORADO recognition of the People's Republic of ing their competitors for decades. By then, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES China has been the apparent trend, in the shipping revolution called containeriza recent months, toward greater Political tion was underway, placing a premium on Thursday, May 31, 1979 repression in Taiwan. fewer port calls and fast tum-around times. e Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, 25 Last December, in the wake of the Then there were the parasitic lamphrey years ago the U.S. Supreme Court, in United States-People's Republic of eels and the bothersome hordes of alewives, Brown against Board of Education, out China normalization announcement, the both of which can now enter the Great Lakes to feed on local gamefish, clog up water in lawed intentional segregation in public Nationalist Kuomingtang . May 31, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13141 of the last countries to be independent in State who is going to be, to sa.y now !or this The percentage poll, O .K., I knew some A!rlca and we have been observing what time I want Mr. So-and-so, that ls the best countries here, I'm not going to name them, others have done with their independence man for the job, I want him to be the head in very free atmosphere who have elected when they behaved emotlona.Ily a.bout their o! that army and the task of that army ls to their administrations with less than even independence and they started kicking the create and to defend the people of this land, 40% in a. free atmosphere with sophisticated whites who were In those countries as If they all o! them, all of it, now what ls wrong with voters, people can vote whether they want to were not people and whether we like It or it? If the Head o! State says now I want an go at 2 o'clock a.m. or whatever, there is free not most of those countries where they have Asian to be the head of that army. They are dom and people don't go to the polls and they done that I don't think I would like to live all Zimbabwe-Rhodesians, their task ls to de get less than 40%, they accept that is the per In them, in those countries. I think their in fend this land, give protection for everybody. centage the government comes to power. So dependence ls meaningless because they were What's wrong for him to say next time, I want I am not one of these people who say we too emotional about their independence and a Coloured to be the head; I want a white must have a high percentage poll because we have made up our minds we are not going man to do it, and the rest? So I don't know then that wlll make us recognized, because to repeat that nonsense here. We a.re going to why it should be a problem, I don't know why I think that is unfair. Whatever percentage be calm, we a.re going to be sober, and 1! you it should be a problem and I hope that with poll we get must be recognized, must be don't mind we are going to accept whatever that explanation that it won't be a problem recognized, because it wlll be the wlll of names you call us as long as we know what any more to a lot of you. those who have tried their best to go and we are doing ls the line of pragmatism and Now I have been hearing a lot o! people express their wlll in the midst of a few who realism and that whatever we do ls going to saying we must reach a very high percentage have lost their heads who are saying-don't lead us to prosperity and not to reduce us poll. We go now first o! all to the problem go and express your wlll. Otherwise we could from where we are to poverty and suffering. now o! recognition which we are hoping we have 100%, so whatever it 1s, Ladies and We are seeing it next door to us in Mocam wlll have and the lifting o! sanctions. First Gentlemen, I appeal again, whatever it ls, blque where after 4 years people are literally of all, Ladles and Gentlemen, I want again it must be recognized if sanity ls to prevail.e dying of starvation. We are not going to allow to appeal to you because I still hear some it here. And we know why they did it. We people talking about the possibillty o! keep know that many times, many years people in ing sanctions on, imposing sanctions on the Mocamblque had a lot o! exports in food country !or I don't know for how long BLANCHARD ON VIETNAM stuff, not now-why? Because they were too why? why? I hear people talk a.bout-I'm very VETERANS emotional a.bout their independence and they sorry I have heard even some of my own peo started kicking out the whites and treating ple in this country being so pessimistic them like nothing. And I don't think I would about recognition, talking about 12 months, HON. DAVID E. BONIOR like to belong there and say, now we a.re in 18 months this kind of business-why? I dependent and go about because it is just an think we have to ask the question first o! OF MICHIGAN independence of just waving flags and we all-why were sanctions imposed against this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have said we are not going to do it here. country? why? Because there was a minority Thursday, May 31, 1979 Ladies and Gentlemen, I want to tell you government here and the problem was in the something about why we dwell upon this natlonalised when UDI came to this country. • Mr. BONIOR of Michigan. Mr. Speak point because it is very important. I have Now that bas been corrected. Right now we er, this week of May 28 marks the ob seen in Africa, some of you have read about are in the process of erasing UDI by elec servance of Vietnam Veterans Week. A this, but I want to say here, some of you tion, establishing a majority rule govern number of us in Congress are cosponsor know that this emotionalism about inde ment. When I was outside this country was ing the Vietnam Veterans Act as a re pendence and when people become independ condemned about two or three things ( 1) ent they say-now we are here what do you they always said, you always said and I also sponse to the needs of the Vietnam want the whites for? We have seen it, a lot condemned it, racialistic laws. Now Ladles veteran, needs that have far too long of us, there is one little country that has ap and Gentlemen, that has been repealed. We been overlooked. In this regard I would proached their problems of independence no longer have that. Minority rule-we have like to call to the attention of my col with calmness and that 1s Malawi. And most already started the process o! eradicating it leagues the remarks on this subject made of you by now know that Malawi is treated -well it started on March 3rd but now by by my friend and colleague from Michi act of election we are establishing a majority like an outcast. The President of Ma.la.wt ls gan (Mr. BLANCHARD) in Ferndale, Mich., called all sorts o! names by the members o! rule government. Now my question to you, on Memorial Day: OAU, stooge of the white races, countries, and Ladies and Gentlemen of the international all the rest; a puppet of southern Africa. and community ls-what else ls le!t that you LET Us HONOR THE FORGOTTEN SOLDIER all that, but the man was calm a.nd sober a.nd want us to do? You imposed sanctions be (By Congressman JAMES J. BLANCHARD) levelheaded. He realized (1) that he had a cause you wanted to tell Mr. Smith stop your We gather here in Ferndale and others very small country, a very small country in UDI and he has conceded to Majority rule. congregate throughout our land to honor deed, very poor indeed and he had to be Why more sanctions? We are talking about those who gave their lives in defense of pragmatic, calm in spite of all the noises recognition-majority rule government prop America. The survival of our democracy de surrounding him. And the result, in short, erly elected as you have seen people making pends on our wlllingness to die, 1! neces Ladles and Gentlemen, ls that the surround their way to the polls to elect their govern sary, to defend it. Thus, today we are paying ing countries that had been making a lot of ment. Then after that what will be the tribute to those citizens of Ferndale and noise, those gigantic-geographically speak cause !or lack of recognition? I don't know elsewhere who made that supreme sacrifice. ing-those gigantic countries like Mozam what it ls. If we want to be honest with our It should also be said that Memorial Day ts bique, Zambia., Tanzania. a.re now going to selves, Ladles and Gentlemen, if we want to a time to remember our obligations to the that little small Malawi to look for food be approach this question with integrity I don't survivors as well as to pay our respects to cause they have plenty of food a.nd enough know what ls left, especially when I hear peo the dead. The Veterans here today whether to export. That ls the realism that we are ple recognising invaders in a matter of hours they served in the Army, the Navy, the Ma going to follow here. If you talk about their in Uganda. They a.re recognized already. Jn rines or the Air Force, committed themselves balance sheets in Africa, they will be among vaders-where did they have elections? Not to risk their lives !or their country if called the top, so this is the reason why a lot of to talk about the percentage poll and low. upon. We owe a great debt to these veterans people are concerned a.bout why we did that high or low, where did they have elections? who survived America's wars. That includes and why we don't regret that we have allowed And some people have already made known those who survived unpopular wars, as well that many whites, it is because we a.re going their recognition o! that. I would hope, as popular wars. And that brings us to the to be calm and we want to be pra~atlc, and Ladles and Gentlemen, that sanity ls going final chapter of America's most recent con we want to have a meanine-ful lndependence. to prevail and that some people are going to flict-the war in Vietnam. Our ob.fective ls to have independence that say let us face it we no longer have a case Some of you may know that today, May wm feed the stomachs o! our peoole. We want against this country. I appeal to sanity be 28th, marks the first day of Vietnam Veterans to have our people ~o to bed with full stom cause no more case if we here as we are Week, a commemoration established by Con achs rather than the other way. now as you have seen and will be seeing in ~ress on October 25, 1978. Then I understand that a lot o! people the next few days blacks, whites, Asians and This resolution comes at least 5 years who say thev are worried a.bout, now your Coloureds are going to say-hear, hear, this too late. Perhaps, as the resolution says, it's armv is realistic? your army ls white. Is is our elected government, do you know what because "an adverse image has often been that not a nroblem? It is not a problem, we would expect of you, as I say we expect unfairly attached to the Vietnam veteran Ladies and Gentlemen. You have to an'3wer soberness, reasonableness, and we expect you as an individual because of the controversial the question-who composes the army? to say-now these people have elected their nature o! the Vietnam conflict." The ma.fority o! them blacks and then the government no more minority rule, no more Put more bluntly, some have described rest wMtes and Asians and Coloureds-Rho racism or the rest, let's ll!t sanctions, let's the Vietnam Veteran as a loser because he desian born and bred. Now what is wrong recognize them. That 1s what we expect of !ought in an unpopular war in which there with the army composed of citizens of this you and I don't think it ls an unreasonable was no clear defeat or victory. For us to country? What is wrong with the head of the expectation. accept that characterization, however, ls to 13142 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 31, 1979 do a grave disservice to those who made a Never before have surgeons been able decades. Chuck Ferree is indeed El Ca genuine sacrifice !or their country. It holds to successfully separate Siamese twins jon's Citizen of the Year.• innocent young men accountable !or policies and events totally beyond their control, and joined in this fashion at the crown of the it demeans our democracy to ignore our head. The two teams of specialls~ servicemen because they did not return home one for each girl-which were assembled to a hero's welcome. at the medical center were the very best TEXT OF THE INTERNATIONAL As a nation, we were confused about our for the task, and they designed a pro HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY ACT OF involvement in Vietnam. That confusion cedure for this surgery which has never 1979 persists today, and has kept Vietnam vet before been used. erans from getting the recognition and re I know the loving parents o:f these HON. TONY P. HALL spect they deserve. The fact ls, our soldiers two lovely 19-month-old girls, named 1n Vietnam fought bravely, and served their 01' OHIO Lisa and Elisa, and I am certain all par country in good faith. It 1s our hope that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Vietnam Veterans Week will serve as a ents everywhere can begin to appreciate gesture of national respect to the soldiers the conflicting sets of emotions which Thursday, May 31, 1979 who fought 1n that war. have tugged at their hearts during this • Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, to However, this gesture wlll have meaning time of hope and fear. only if lt ls followed by some concrete ac day I am introducing the International tion. Our Vietnam veterans need more than We can rejoice that the surgery has Human Rights Policy Act of 1979. a tribute of words. been completed without incident. Both For the benefit of my colleagues, the Vietnam veterans face unusually high un girls have survived the operation. Both text of this bill follows: employment rates, and too many are working are in critical but stable condition. How H.R.- at low-paying, meaningless Jobs. Too many ever, the next days and weeks are likely Be it enacted by the Senate and Home Vietnam veterans are unable to use their to present many challenges to their sur of Representatives of the Unite<% Statu of educational benefits because of the way America in Congress assemble<%, the program is structured-and many Viet vival and complete recovery. nam veterans continue to have readjustment At this critical time I would invite the SHORT TITLE problem&-drug and alcohol abuse persist prayers of their well-wishers around the SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the among Vietnam veterans at levels too high country in their behalf.• "International Human Rights Polley Act of to ignore. I belleve that this last problem 1979". in particular can be traced to the frustrating, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS controverslal nature of the war. SEc. 2. (a) Subsections (a) and (b) of Clearly, we need to do something. I think CHARLES V. "CHUCK" FERREE- section 116 of the Foreign Assistance Act of a good start ls the Vietnam Veterans Act, CIVIC ACTIVIST 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n (a) and (b)) are which a number of us are sponsoring and amended to read as follows: "(a) No a.ssist which has been introduced 1n Congress by ance may be provided under this part to the Vietnam Veteran and now Michigan Con HON. CLAIR W. BURGENER government of any country which engages gressman, my friend, David Bonlor. This OF CALIFORNIA in a consistent pattern of gross violations of measure would: those human rights set forth in the Uni Reform veterans educational and housing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES versal Declaration of Human Rights, includ programs to give Vietnam veterans the same Thursday, May 31, 1979 ing those rights relating to freedom from level o! benefits available to other veterans; governmental violation of the integrity of It would create tax incentives for busi •Mr.BURGENER. Mr. Speaker, most the person, to the fulfillment of ba.sic hu nessmen to hire Vietnam veterans; and communities turn toward several of their man needs, and to civil and political liber It would set up a good rehab111tatlon devoted citizens to lead the way toward ties, unless such assistance wlll directly program to help those Vietnam veterans with local progress balanced by achievement benefit the needy people in such country. readjustment problems. The Vietnam Veterans Act ls not a "give of a "liveable environment" for local "(b) No assistance may be furnished un away" or "welfare" program. Like the G.I. citizens. der the exception, relating to needy people, BUl of Rights, it would be our na.tlon's way El Cajon, Calif., in the 43d Congres set forth in subsection (a) unless- of paying its debt to Vietnam Veterans- sional District, is no exception, and the .. (I) the Administrator primarily respon who, Uke all American veterans, left their sible for administering part I of this Act community this week will honor as its submits to the Congress a certification that families and their careers to fight for their Citizen of the Year one of its keystones country. such needy people in the country involved Free men must honor their soldiers in good of community involvement over the past and an explanation of how such assistance times and bad . . . or run the risk of having 25 years, Mr. Charles "Chuck" Ferree. will directly benefit the needy people in that no soldiers for freedom at a.11. Chuck Ferree retired recently as the country; and Here on Memorial Day, during Vietnam manager of the El Cajon Chamber of "(2) the Congress adopts a concurrent Veterans Week, let us renew our commit Commerce, but his nearly 20 years of resolution approving such certification.". ment to honor the Vietnam Veteran-the service were marked by a sense of ac (b) Paragraph (1) of subsection (c) of forgotten soldier. tivism in behalf of his community's bet such section is amended to read as follows: In so doing, we honor the deserving . . . "(1) the extent of cooperation of such gov we honor our country . . . and we bring terment. ernment in permitting an unimpeded inves honor to ourselves. Chuck Ferree took over the direction tigation of alleged violations of human rights Most of all, we honor our war dead by of the El Cajon Chamber in July of 1959 described in subsection (a) by appropriate helping their countrymen and brothers who and was instrumental in spearheading international organizations, including the survived.e the development of El Cajon's commer International Committee of the Red Cross, cial and industrial areas, the city's ac Amnesty International, and a.ppropriate quisition of Gillespie Field, and the groups or persons acting under the authority LISA AND ELISA of the United Nations or of the Organization redevelopment of downtown El Cajon. of American States; and". His exemplary leadership helped SECURITY ASSISTANCE HON. GUNN McKAY guide the city through some trying years SEc. 3. (a) (1) Para.graph (2) of subsection o• VTAB of expansion and growth, and while his (a) of section 502B of the Foreign Assistance IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES business was to see that local business Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2304(a) (2)) is amend prospered, he also made it his business ed to read as follows: Thursday, May 31, 1979 to see that his community was not deni "(2) No security assistance may be provided • Mr. McKAY. Mr. Speaker, Utahans grated in the name of growth. to any country the government of which en and well-wishers around the country It has been my pleasure to work and gages in a consistent pattern of gross vio have been anxiously monitoring the be associated with Chuck Ferree for most lations of human rights, unless- "(A) the President certifies to the Speaker progress of two infants who yesterday of these past 20 years, and I would just of the House of Representatives and the underwent a very complicated but very like to add my own "salute" to a man chairman of the Committee on Foreign Re promising surgical procedure at the Uni whose sense of community involvement lations of the Senate that extraordinary cir versity of Utah Medical Center in Salt helped one small city meet the difficult cumstances exist warranting provision of Lake City. and shifting challenges of the past two such assistance,; and May 31, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13143 "(B) the Congress adopts a concurrent ( c} Subsection ( c} of such section 1s "(3) For purposes of this subsection, the resolution approving the President's certifi amended- term 'human rights' means those huxnan cation.". ( 1) by striking out "internationally rec rights set forth in the Universal Declara (2) Paragraph (3) o! such subsection is ognized human rights" and inserting in lieu tion of Human Rights, including those rights amended by striking out "internationally thereof "human rights described in subsec relating to freedom from governmental recognized". tion (a)"; and violation of the integrity of the person, to (b) Subsection (b) of such section is (2) by striking out "or" immediately after the fulfillment of basic human needs, and amended- "Red Cross," and inserting in lieu thereof to civil and political libertles.".e ( 1) by striking out "internationally rec "Amnesty International, and appropriate". ognized"; and EXPORT-IMPORT BANK (2) in paragraph (1) by striking out "non governmental organizations, such as the In SEc. 5. Section 2 (b) ( 1) (B) of the Export ternational Committee of the Red. Cross" and Import Bank Act ( 12 U .s.c. 635 (b} ( 1) (B} } ts IN MEMORIAM: MAURICE COHEN inserting in lieu thereof "the International amended in the last sentence by inserting Committee of the Red Cross, Amnesty Inter immediately after "human rights" the fol national, and other appropriate nongovern lowing: " ( as set forth 1n the Universal mental organizations". Declaration of Human Rights, including HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ those rights relating to freed.om from gov OF TEXAS (c) Subsection (c) (1) of such section is ernmental violation of the integrity of the amended- person, to the fulfillment of basic human IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (1) in the first sentence- needs, and to civil and political liberties)". Thursday, May 31, 1979 (A) by striking out "Secretary of State" and inserting in lieu thereof "President"; OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION e Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, I am and Szc. 6. Section 239 ( 1} of the Foreign As among those few in this world who had (B) inserting "the Secretary of State and" sistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2199 (1)) ts the privilege of knowing Maurice Cohen. after "assistance of"; and amended in the last sentence- (2) in subparagraph (C) by striking out (!} by inserting "President determines It is accurate to say that Maurice "Secretary of State" and inserting in lieu that the" after "1! the"; and Cohen was a unique man. He was that thereof "President". (2) by inserting immediately before the rarity in this cautious and inhibited (d) Subsection (d) of such section is period the following: ", if the President sub world, a free spirit. He was a taker of amended. to read as follows: mits that determination to the Congress, and risks, a most successful man in a most " ( d} For purposes of this section- if the Congress adopts a concurrent resolu risky enterprise. This reflected his .. (1} the term 'human rights' means those tion approving the President's determina strength and freedom. It takes a man human rights set forth in the Universal Dec tion". with strong conviction to endure the risks laration of Human Rights, including those INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS rights relating to freedom from governmen that Maurice Cohen took in his long busi tal violation of the integrity of the person. to SEC. 6. Section 701 of the Act of October 3, ness life. It takes a man of strong con 1977 (P.L. 95-118: 22 U.S.C. 262g) is the fulfillment of basic human needs, and to amended- viction to live as a free man. This was civil and political liberties; and such a.man. "(2} the term 'security assistance' means (!) by amending paragraph (1) of subsec as Maurice Cohen had complete integrity. ., (A} assistance under chapter 2 (military tion (a) to read follows: assistance) , chapter 3 (foreign military "(l} a consistent pattern of gross viola He did not choose his friends on the tions of those human rights set forth 1n the sales), chapter 4 (economic support fund}, basis of their acceptability to others; he chapter 5 (military education and training}, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in chose them for his own pleasure. He did cluding those rights relating to freedom from not care for fashions that change with or chapter 6 (peacekeeping operations} of governmental violation of the integrity of this part; the person, to the fulfillment of basic human time and season; he cared for what he "(B} sales of defense articles or services, needs, and to civil and political liberties; liked. He did not stint in his friendship; extension of credits (including participations or"; he would press food and conversation on in credits), and guaranties of loans under (2) in subsection (b) by striking out his friends. Beneath a. gruff exterior he the Arms Export Control Act; and paragraph (1) and redesignating paragraphs hid a heart that was warm and full of "(C} any license with respect to the export (2), (3), and (4) as paragraphs (1), (2), of defense articles or defense services to or love, that cherished friends and believed and (3), respectively; and in the strongest bonds of friendship. for the armed forces, police, intelligence, or (3) in subsection (f}- other internal security forces of a foreign (A} by inserting "(1}" after "(f} "; and Maurice Cohen was a singular man in country under section 38 of the Arms Export (B} by adding at the end thereof the a. time and place noted for unique people. Control Act.". following: He was willing to accept his friends for ( e) The amendments made by this sec "(2} The United States Executive Direc what they were, provided only that they tion shall apply to licenses described in sec tors of the institutions listed in subsection accepted him on equal terms. tion 502B(d} (2) (C) of the Foreign Assist (a} shall oppose any loan, any extension He was a man without malice or guile. ance Act of 1961 which are in effect on the of financial assistance, or any technical as date of enactment of this Act. sistance to any country to which foreign He was a good man, one not widely AGRICULTtJRAL TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT assistance has been terminated, prohibited, known, but then he had no need for ASSISTANCE or refused by reason of an action by the being widely known. It was enough to SEc. 4. (a} Subsection (a} of section 112 President, any Federal department or agency, him that he had a successful life, good of the Agricultural Trade Development and or both Houses of the Congress, on account friends, and an uninhibited heart. Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1712(a}} is of violations of human rights by the gov Few are fortunate as this man was. Few amended in the first sentence by striking out ernment of such country. For purposes of were fortunate enough to know him. "internationally recognized human rights" this paragraph, 'foreign assistance' means Maurice Cohen was my friend. He and all that follows through "security of per any assistance under part I of the Foreign son" and inserting in lieu thereof "those Assistance Act of 1961 (including insurance, understood. me and encouraged me. He human rights set forth in the Universal Dec reinsurance, and guaranties issued and stood by me during the hardest of times. laration of Human Rights, including those loans made for projects ln a country under I am grateful for that. But I will miss rights relating to freedom from governmental title IV of chapter 2 of such part}, any him not only because of that unfailing violation of the integrity of the person, to the security assistance as defined in section friendship. I will miss him because I fulfillment of basic human needs, and to 502B(d) of that Act, or any agreement to know that he treated all his friends the civil and political liberties". finance the sale of agricultural commodi same way, giving much, asking little. A (b} Subsection (b} of such section is ties which is entered into under title I of amended to read as follows: the Agricultural Trade Development and good and true man, Maurice. "(b} No agreement under this title may be Assistance Act of 1954.". Now he is gone and there will never be entered into under the exception, relating to ACTIVITIES OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE another. Let the words of his rabbi be in needy people, set forth in subsection (a} FOR HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS cluded in his memory. But no words can unless- SEC. 7. Section 624(f} (2) of the Foreign measure his spirit nor capture his mean "(!) the President submits in writing in Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2384(f) ing to those who knew and loved him. formation demonstrating that the agreement (2) } is amended- love him still: ( I} in subparagraphs (A) and (D) by will directly benefit the needy people in the MAURICE COHEN FuNDAL-MAY 25, 1979 country involved; and striking out "internationally recognized"; "(2} the Congress adopts a concurrent res and (By Rabbi David Jacobson) olution approving the President's submis (2) by adding at the end thereof the fol A few days ago, I greeted an old frtend, ston. ". lowing: an honored and respected member of the 13144 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 31, 1979 community, and we mentioned what was In his earlier years, he was recognized as come report virtually all of their earnings uppermost on our minds, the death of one of the most expert cattlemen in the and pay on what they report because they Maurice Cohen. Almost at once, this usually country, who for decades bought, raised and don't have any loopholes. People who live on imperturbable gentleman choked up, and his sold vast numbers of livestock. He continued "unearned" income-stocks, bonds, prop eyes filled with tears, a spontaneous tribute in this business and in all1ed enterprises un erties-report about half their income and to one of the des.rest, most lovable of God's tll his fatal stroke last week. pa.y on only part of wha.t they report because children. He had, of course, many associates in this they enjoy many loopholes. Maurice would have been embarrassed by work. It is another test of his character that The problem is not that taxes are too high, any show of special recognition, although they remained good friends so many years, but that they are too high for some because I think he would have deeply appreciated it. a.nd he never forgot their helpfulness to him they are too low !or others. A proper cure Maurice was accustomed to give rather tha.n 1n tough times. Thus he was closely attached !or this disorder would be tax reform that receive, and his special pleasure was in help to the late Mr. Jesse Oppenheimer and to I1!ts some o! the burden !rom America's mid ing and seeing others enjoy fame or acclaim, his lifelong colleagues and comrades, Dan dle class of wa.ge and salaried people a.nd fellowship a.nd good conversation, the oppor Oppenheimer and Joe Straus, Sr., to name imposes more of the burden on the rich who tunity for following their individual inter only a few. live on "unearned" income. ests, and food and drink. He took such joy tn Maurice had this curious contradiction in Fearing precisely such an eventuality, the urging and serving heaping portions of suc makeup. In the depths of his being, he was wealthy have mounted a campaign to con culent beef, Mexican tasties, a variety of a single individual, almost a loner, if not vince the nation that taxes in general are vegetables, and unimaginably spicy condi lonely. On the other hand, he craved to have too high for everyone. This myth was the ments to the table of select friends, acquaint people around him, as often as possible. He basis for Proposition 13 ln Callfornla and ls ances, and friends of friends who met any was strengthened by their presence, and was the basis for the present proposal to ha.ve day of the week for lunch with and by even dependent on that presence. Among the a constitutional convention for a balanced Maurice as his guests. friends who have been stalwarts are Julio budget. Maurice pressed food on people, to his Vasquez, Rosita Jimenez, and Robert Garcia. Although the emotional urge for a bal• and their delight. Yet he never pressed his Maurice did not come often to syna.gogue, anced budget ls the deslre to keep ta.xes opinions or persuasions. He practiced and but I know he was profoundly a. person of down, the constitutlonal amendment will encouraged freedom-to be what one chooses, faith. Prayers offered on behalf of others, for not guarantee that taxes wm be reduced or to think and say what one believes-or be his wife, Edie, for his late brother Bill, and kept at present levels. Indeed, the mandated lieves at the moment. God, lt ls said, looks for himself were not Just words and phrases. balance may actually increase taxes. more carefully at the hea.rt of a person than They were ladders to heaven, a way of com A budget can be balanced in one of two at any other aspect of being. This was true municating with the Divine. He prayed as well, particularly for his dear departed-and ways: either by reduced spending or by in of Maurice as well. He understood people creased taxes. If at some future time, the their occasional weaknesses, but primarily of course, he thereby acknowledged that Ufe continues beyond life. How else could it be President and Congress a.re not allowed to their over-riding noblllty and strengths. So borrow they will have to raise taxes to his 11st of select friends was long and endur when quallty was his mark! He was devoted to the persistence of quality in all things, ma.ke ends meet. Hence, a balanced budget ing. It included the elite of officialdom, in thought, in action, in human relation can mean higher as well as lower taxes. presidents, governors, Congressmen, Judges, ships, in life here and forever. Amen: so may Although some fa~ror the idea on the mis mayors, dlstrlct attorneys, postmasters, the it be.e taken notion that it wlll automatically hold whole roster of officers and workers in gov down taxes, others favor it as a way to check ernment at all levels. It included outstanding inflation. The logic ls embedded in the argu members of the community ln many fields of ment that government deflcits lead, in one endeavor, as well as lndlvlduals little known. THE DANGEROUS FALLACIES OF A way or another, to more dollars chasing too He saw through the gobbledegook and BALANCED BUDGET CONVENTION few goods, and thereby forcing up prices. meaninglessness of party d11ferences, of status For such monetary theorists, the expanded and income d11ferences, of vocational or in money supply 1s offered as the sole reason for terest differences, of ethnic and rellgious HON. JOHN BRADEMAS inflation. They do not blame hi~h interest differences; and his heart was generous OP INDIANA ra.tes; they do not blame monopolles and enough, and his intellect disceruin~ enouf?h, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ollgopolles; they do not blame government to embrace them all, like a proud mother all fixing of prices, as in the case of numerous her children, enccural'ing them the while to Thursday, May 31, 1979 a.grlcultural products; they don't even blame "Eat, eat!" and .,Live, llvel" Mr. high wages. They are single-minded: the The one word that might be picked to de • Mr. BRADEMAS. Speaker, sev culprit ls the government that tries to pa.y scribe Maurice Cohen would be "charact.er" eral . misconceptions are being used in for deficits by "printing money." he was a character, and he had character. support of the call among some of the Their statistical evidence ls that in years Maurice was d11ferent. He followed his. own States for a constitutional convention when the federal deficit ls high, inflation star-whether in manner, speech, dress, to mandate a balanced Federal budget. runs high. Actually, this seemingly irrefut habits, crotchets, hobbles, interests, ,.1r busi In view of the potential consequences able proof ls no proof at all, because a trac ness practices. Yet he never 5aid or did or of such a constitutional convention, it ing of U.S. budget deficits shows they are wore anything unseemly or wrong. That would serve us all well to examine the more Ukely the result of wars and recessions. would have been out of character. For his arguments for such a convention care Inflation may cause a deficit, but not vlce whole llfe-his upbringing, the teachings of versa. In a period of lnfla.tion, the govern his pa.rents, the traditions of his ?rand fully before the Nation is led into a ment must pay more for many things. Hence, parents and forebears, the counsel and ex potentially disastrous undertaking. a. neatly balanced bud~et, drawn a.t the be ample of his cherished wl!e and helpmate in In the April 1979 issue of the AFL-CIO ginning of the year, may well end up as a. all things, Edith, his own strict code of ethics American Federationist, there is a deficit at the end of a year when prices rise and standards, marked his every action and thoughtful discussion of "the dangerous either because of crop !allures, an act of reaction. fallacies" involved in such a convention, OPEC, monopoly action, or a. Jump in inter He could precisely be callad a man of written by Gus Tyler, assistant president est rates imposed by the Federal Reserve character-a title of rare distlnctlon-for lt Board. should cover many aspects of goodness, con of the International Ladies' Garment THE REALrr?Es OJ' DEBT sistently and without deviation. He was Workers' Union, author of several books, Most monetarists revea.l their anti-govern honest in all matters; his word was his bond, and a columnist. ment bias when they sinale out federal budg whatever the cost. He took advantage of no I insert a condensed version of his et deflcits as the sole or the primary source of one, regardless of their status. He was un article at this point in the RECORD: an expanded money supply. There are many, falllngly kind, gentle, generous and com [From the ~IO American Federationlst, many other fa.ctors a.t work exoanding the passionate, and would go to great; lengths to Aprll 1979] money supply, traditionally defined as the make others happy or comfortable. He was total of all currency plus all demand depos THE DANGEROUS FALLACIES 01' A BALANC:ZD a truly humble person, without pretense or its. Effective money suoply ls determined Btn>GZT CONVENTION ostentation. He greatly apprecla.ted any kind by at least two other factors: the amount of ness to him, to a.ny member of his family or (By Gus Tyler) credit and the velocity with which money his friends. I never hea.rd him condemn The present push for a constitutional con circulates. At present the "supply" of money anyone. vention to balance the federal budget raises generated by credit ls staggering, with multi Ma.urice had real courage a.nd venture two questions: the deslrablllty of constitu b1lllons of dollars outstanding on any one someness. In his business undertakings, he tionally mandating a. balanced budget and da.y on credit cards alone-fust to cite one assumed great risks as a. matter of course. the desirab111ty of convening a. convention small instance. Likewise, the velocity with His decisions, however, were not thoughtless to enact such an amendment. which money moves ls decisive: one dollar ga.mbles. They were based on specialized The mood of the country on reducing or spent 10 times in one day has the sa.me im knowledge, on a. keen eye a.nd a quick mind, holding down taxes ls understandable. People pact a.a 10 dollars spent once. And neither with far-ranging consldera.tlons of many fa.c who work for wages feel over-taxed--a.nd the amount of credit outstanding nor the tors and posslb111ties. they are. Those who live on "earned" tn- velocity with which money moves ca.n be May 31, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13145 traced solely or mainly to government defi January 1979, Installment Indebtedness rose or to combat a foreign enemy, the money bor cits. by more than $3.5 b1llion. rowed was used to serve national purpose In sum, although the monetarist theories Viewed In an overall theoretical way, debt and, in no case, did the deficit impoverish about how deficits nia.ke for inflation are en is the foundation of a "free enterprise," the people. cased in seemingly sophisticated research modern capitallst society. If a constitutional amendment had pro and reason, the arguments are shockingly KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS hibited deficit spending in the Great De unsophisticated. pression or during World War II, where would Equally fallacious is the argument that the For those who think that deficit financing the money have come from? In 1933, Roose national debt is growing at a dangerous rate began with President Franklln D. Roosevelt, velt would have had to raise taxes to get the and that, unless we stop this piling of debt Senator Edward S. Muskie (D-Malne) ad funds to "prime the pump." Such taxation on debt, the unbearable burden will break vises in a recent speech that the 'distinction would have worsened the crisis by further the government's back. belongs to General Washington-first in war, depleting buying power and capital sources. In 1966, when the Gross National Product first in peace, and first In federal deficit." Where would the government have gotten (the sum of all goods and services produced Actually, Washington was following a pat the funds to fight World War II? Between here in one year) was $753 billion, the debt tern set on Dec. 15, 1692, in the British 1941 and 1942, federal expenditures doubled, was 43.6 percent of the GNP. But in 1976, House of Commons, when the Committee on from $35 b1llion to $70 b1llion. It would have when the GNP was at $1,706 billion (rushing Ways and Means proposed to raise $1 million been necessary to double taxes-an intoler toward the $2 trillion mark) the debt had by way of a loan, at the rate of 10 percent able, undesirable and unnecessary move. fallen to 37 percent of the GNP. In 10 years up to year 1700 and 7 percent thereafter. What happens in the future--assumtng a our debt shrunk as a portion of our total From that point on, the debt began to budget-balancing amendment is on the output. grow. "At every state In the growth," records books-I! we are hit by some new crisis: This "shrinking" of the national debt ls Thomas Macauley In The History o! Eng another depression, another war, an internal not some freakish occurrence peculiar to the land, It has been seriously asserted by wise Insurrection, a massive earthquake from the years from 1966 to 1976. There has been a men that bankruptcy and ruin were at hand. Appalachians to the Rockies? Neither the downward trend ever since the end of World Yet still the debt went on growing; and President nor Congress could act swiftly be War II; in 1946, the debt was 132.8 percent still bankruptcy was as remote as ever." cause the funds would not be there and no of GNP; by 1962, it was 55 percent; by 1965, For centuries nations had been using debt new funds could be appropriated without 48 percent; by 1976, it was down to 37 per as a way to pay the way for governments. going through the protracted process of once cent; and by 1979, the debt is a mere 28.4 It was not until the first quarter of the more amending the Constitution. percent of GNP. Judged by abil1ty to carry present century, however, that government A mandated balance o! the budget as the burden, the debt is getting steadily indebtedness was seen not simply as a way sumes that the budget makers know, at lighter. !or the state to meet its bills but as a way the beginning of the year, what their in An irksome irony about the call for budget to guide the total economy. This concept come and their expenditures wiJl be. But they balancing ts that those who cry loudest and the use of public debt to regulate economic have no way of knowing; they can only guess. longest about debt are the worst offenders: growth-was the brain child of John May They do not know what their expenditures the states, the corporations and the lndtvld nard Keynes and, unbeknownst to most are for three simple reasons: First, they do ual consumers. They are all in debt and more Americans, became the theoretical base for not know what crises will arise. Second, they deeply in debt than ·the government that, at the anti-recession policies o! the New Deal do not know what inflation will do to their the end o! 1978, was only responsible !or 19 and of every Administration that followed. costs in the course of the 12 months. Third, percent o! total indebtedness in America. As a practical man, FDR had to resolve they do not know what they wm have to From 1940 to 1976, the federal debt grew at a practical, yet seemingly nonsensical puz pay out under a variety o! government "en a slower pace than all other kinds o! debt. zle: why wasn't the American economy run titlement" programs. Under the last, !or in State and local, corporate and private con ning during the 1930s when all the !actors stance, the government has an obligation sumer debt grew !ar more rap1dly. !or a viable economy were present-in super under law to someone who ls disabled, or is In 1940, the federal debt was $44.8 billion; abundance? There was plenty of capital, the head o! a family under aid !or depend by 1976, it stood at $515 billion-a twelvefold labor, raw material and entrepreneurial ent children, or is newly retired, or ls eligi increase in 36 years. State and local debt for know-how. But they were all idle, rotting, ble !or a veteran benefit. Whoever meets cer the same years rose from $16 billion to $236 festering. Why? tain criteria set down by law is "entitled" to billion-a fifteenfold increase. What was lacking in our market economy certain government funds-and there Just is Corporate debt rose (same years) !rom was the market which, In plain language, no way that the government can know in $75 billion to $1 ,414 billion-a nineteen ls buying power. Buying power was lacking advance Just how big these payments will be. fold increase. because the big buyers-working people The government knows even less about The biggest sinners of all-if debt is con were out o! work. So long as they did not what its income will be. How much comes in sidered a sin-are Richard Roe and Jane Doe. earn, the market would sag and sag and sag. depends on how much people ea.rn, how cor The debt incurred by consumers rose (same The private economy would not put these porate profits run, how sales stack up. In years) !rom $8 billion to $217 billion-a people to work because it could not. No come through taxes is a mathematical !unc twenty-sevenfold increase. business pays people to make things for tion o! the Gross Na,ttonal Product whose The truth of the matter is that debt ls a which there is no market. So, to prime the size nobody knows when the year begins or way of life not only In America but in every pump, the government had to put people even when the year has passed its halfway !ree enterprise (capitalist) country in the to work, so they would have buying power to put others to work. mark. FOr 1980, the President forecasts a world. The reasons are pragmatically obvious growth rate in the GNP o! 3.2 percent; the and theoretically understandable. The government could get the necessary congressional Budget Office sets tt at a 8.9 Most homeowners in America would own funds to do so either by taxation or by percent; Wharton Econometrics sets it at a no home 1! they had to pay in cash !or the borrowing. Taxation would not have yielded low 1.3 percent; and Chase Econometrics sets purchase. A mortgage ls a loan that incurs a much in those depressed days; moreover, it at an optimistic 4.1 percent. The difference debt. Mortgage indebtedness rose (same whatever taxation would yield had to come between the low and high estimate makes a years) 24 times over, which ts about twice as out of consumers or Investors, thereby un !ast as the federal debt. dercutting the primary purpose o! increasing difference of about $10 billton in taxes to the government. It would be useless to put money in a employment. So, the government borrowed. bank, unless it is done purely !or safekeep In a pragmatic way, the United States had THE RISK TO STATES ing. The bank could pay no interest-unless backed into its own brand o! Keynesian eco Being less than omniscient then, Congress there were borrowers, ready to incur debt, nomics. When the private economy failed to and the President would unwittingly and who would pay interest to the bank so the generate the necessary market-buying unwillingly find themselves in violation o! bank could pay interest to the depositor. power to sustain the economy, the govern the a.mendment. Who will prosecute, try No corporation o! any size could operate ment stepped in by deficit financing, by and sentence them !or their transgressions? without going deeply into debt-as they do. as the monetarists would have it-expanding The easiest way to cut federal taxes would They float bonds and borrow directly and in the money supply. And the formula worked. be to stop federal aid to the staltes, which vent a variety of debt instruments to finance WHAT OF CRISES? currently runs about $80 btllton per year. If their undertakings. Debt is the lubricant an Administration chose to cut grants to for the business machine without which the Since the New Deal, there have been re cessions, but we have not had a single major the states. you would hear a different tune gears would grind to a halt. from state politicians now so eagerly calling You add to the debt when you take out depression in this country. Crises have been warded off with the weapon o! deficit for a constitutional convention to balance a small loan, when you buy something on financing. the federal budget. fhe installment plan, when you make a The big deficits of the Roosevelt period But this reduction in the federal budget purchase on a credit card, when you ask were not rolled up during the peacetime years would not necessarily mean a reduction in your local retail store to charge it, when but in wartime. In 1940, the deficit was only taxes !or the taxpayer. Even 1! the govern you borrow against your Insurance policy, $5 billion. In the war years of 1943-45, the ment reduces taxes by vtrtue of the savings when you work out a financing arrange deficits ran between $47 and $50 billion a in grants to the states, and it is doubtful ment for your car. In the one month of year. But whether it was to combat recession such a cut would be possible, the states 13146 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 31, 1979 would. have to increase their taxes to make To show their regard for the individual, they our intelligence has not upset the Carter up !or the funds they no longer get from the added the first 10 amendments-the Bill of administration. In fact they are upset federal government. The end result would be Rights-to the Constitution as an integral higher taxes !or the taxpayer. part of the document at the time of original that knowledge of this blind spot was The other alternative !or the federal gov ratification. made public. The official word from the ernment would be to raise taxes to cover In the subsequent amendments, of which open White House was that reports of present and future costs. And it wOUld have there are 16, the prime purpose has been to the encoding were ''irresponsible leak to raise taxes beyond a reasonable level be expand the power o! the individual citizen to ing." cause it would have to allow !or that margin influence public policy. In short, the thrust The administration then went on to of safety so as to live within the mandate of of the amendments has been to give the citi state that the encoding of the SS18 data the amendment. zen a greater voice in government. was irrelevant because the SS18 was an A balanced budget amendment would run A RUNAWAY BODY? contrary to this spirit o! the Founding "old system." The Soviets could test the The Constitution provides two ways to Fathers in all three respects. First, the SS18 with encoding for "the next 10 amend the Constitution: the traditional way amendment would narrow the scope of gov years" and the United States need not has been through congressional action re ernment, a purpose that ls the underlying worry, said one official. The reason we qulrtng two-thirds of both houses a.nd rati motive of most of the proponents. Second, should not worry is that the Soviets, fication by three-fourths of the states; the the amendment would impose a straitjacket under SALT, will tell us if they change unused way 1s through a constitutional con on government, turning fitting flexib111ty anything on the SS18 or any other missle vention to be assembled on the call of the into brittle rigidity. Third, the amendment legislatures of two-thirds of the states with would deprive the individual citizen of a and that, if there is a change, they will ratification still requiring three-fourths of regular say over government in the most not encode the data for that specfflc mis the states. decisive area of legislation; namely, the sile test. "The Russians accept our pasl There ts no precedent, since 1789, !or budget.e tion on new and modt.fted missiles" one initiation of an amendment through a con• official said, "That's what matters.'' ventlon. Into the SS18 debate comes Defense Bec&USe there has been some fear In the DOINO Congress that a constitutional convention THE SALT SHUFFLE secretary Brown. In an address before could turn Into a runaway b<>dy, several ef· the graduating class of the U.S. Naval forts have been made In recent years to write Academy at Annapolis, Secretary Brown legislation to define What a constitutional HON.JOHNM.ASHBROOK warned that, since 1962 the Soviets have convenrtlon may or may not do and how lt OF OHIO been embarked on "a Polley of building may do it. But no blll has yet passed both IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forces for preemptive attack against houses. So, If a convention 1s called, nobody U.S. intercontinental ballistic missiles." really knows who shall convene the conven Thursday, May 31, 1979 tion, whalt shall be the scope of It& agenda He went on to say that, by the early (one Issue or the whole works), how dele • Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, every 1980's, two new missiles, the 8818 and gates shall be apportioned among the states, day the media events in Vienna for the the 8819, would give the Soviet Union who would elect the delegates. Even 1f Con SALT II Treaty draws closer and every the means of destroying, "with high gress should ad.dress itself to these questions, day a new barrage of "facts" comes out assurance" most of the 1,000 American there 1s only questionable authority for the of the administration. The latest round land-based Minuteman missiles. federal legislature to curb or contour or con of news releases and speeches shows Later in his speech he again referred trol a convention that was convened pre that we are not seeing a SALT debate as to the SS18 as a new missile that, with cisely because Congress dld not w1sh to 1n1• much as a shuffle of whatever the Presi 10 warheads, had the accuracy to des tlate the disputed amendment. dent and the media think is going to co The constitutional route to amendment troy most of the American Minuteman has been proposed by both progressive and opt or dupe enough people into ratifying missiles in their underground silos. He conservative forces. In more recent decades, the SALT II Treaty. concluded on point by saying "the Soviets however, the push has come from the right: On Ma.y 31, the Wa&h.1.ngton Post re continue with a policy of building forces to limit federal taxes, to undo one-man, one ported that the estimates of the explosive that could be used in a preemptive, vote, to set up a special court to overrule the power of the Soviet SS18 ICBM have counterforce mode." Supreme Court, to prohibit "forced busing," been drastically reduced. The reduction, to disallow abortions. from 1.2 megatons to 600 kilotons per What is going on here? The Brown Should a constitutional convention be held warhead, was based on a guess drawn speech was reported in the New York it ls likely that the several ideas held by con Times, but buried deep in the front sec servatives will find expression at the gather from the weight of the overall delivery tion on May 31. The Washington Post did ing. The delegates may convene to discuss vehicle. The Poot went on to say that the new guess was based on "a review of past not cover the speech at all. There seems budgets but are likely to end by proposing a be variety of pet proposals presently circulating data rather than receipt of any new data to some problems with the Carter ad among those who are unhappy with the be from recent Soviet testing." ministration over whether or not the havior of Congress and who would like to by The first question that needs to be SS18 is an old system or a new system. I pass the legislature. In effect, the constitu asked about this statement is why is one guess we should all be glad the Soviets tional convention route would mean that the guess any better than another if the same agreed to a SALT Treaty because they states with their state-minded concentration information is used? The article goes on can always be depended upon to sort out would replace the Congress of the United our dilemmas on new and old missiles. States with its prime focus on national goals. to quote one official as saying, "Under The final irony of the balanced budget standing comes gradually, and uncer If the next SS18 or SS19 that is amendment ls that its greatest support tainties hang on for a long time." This launched has encoded radio signals then comes from those politicians who have.. !or is a pretty lame excuse for something as it must be an old missile with no modi the last couple of decades, been presenting important as how many megatons of ex fications. If the missile signals are open themselves as the true defenders of the Con plosives are going to rain down on our and clear then we all will know there 1s stitution. Should they ever add their amend something different about the missile and ment to the Constitution, they will have vio missile silos. lated the basic spirit of our supreme law. Why must our intelligence experts rely we should all sit up and take notice. The Founding Fathers had three great pur on old data and "guesstimates" to figure I am proud to know that our intel poses 1n composing the Constitution. They out the potential threat of the new Soviet ligence community and the military wanted a government that was strong, flex missiles? wizards in the Arms Control and Dis ible and respectful of the rights of the The answer to why our experts are armament Agency have come up with individual. guessing instead of knowing comes from such a simple solution to our verifica Because they wanted a state that was a Washington Post article on May 30. It tion dilemma. The guessing game on strong they set up a central government to megatonnage becomes superfluous. AB replace the feeble Articles of Confederation. seems that the Soviets are still testing Because they wanted a flexible government the SS18 but are encoding the radio one agency bureaucrat reported, "We tbey wrote a brief declaration that distrib signals from the missiles. The result is have always said their advantage in meg uted powers without prescribing what those that we did not even know what was atonnage overall makes no difference." powers should do in dealing with the special happening in those tests except that the This is a shuffle of rhetoric that reminds and specific problems of the changing times. tests were going on. This blind spot in me of a new dance • • • the hustle.• May 31, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13147 OUR CRUDE OIL SITUATION and enclosed petition expressing your con o! other petroleum products such as diesel stituents' concern regarding increases in !uel and residual (heavy industrial) oil and natural gas prices permitted by the Natural thus adds to the retail cost. Gas Polley Ac.t o! 1978 as well as gasoline The calculations contained in the petition HON. TOBY ROTH price increases. regarding OPEC and domestic crude compo or WZSCONSIN The basic underlying !actors which ne nents o! gasoline prices !ail to take into ac IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cessitate price increases o! natural gas are count certain !actors. These include the cost Thursda11, May 31, 1979 simply supply and demand. Our domestic o! refining crude oil into gasoline, the cost supplies o! inexpensive gas are declining. At o! transporting and marketing gasollne !rom • Mr. ROTH. Mr. Speaker, last week the same time the cost o! alternatives to gas, refiner to retailer, and various Federal and House Minority Leader RHODES intro such as imported oil, have grown substan State taxes placed directly on gasoline sales. duced a resolution, calling on President .tially, increasing the· demand !or gas over I hope I have been helpful in answering Carter to furnish the House and the and above what might have been expected your inquiries. !rom the normal growth in our economy. Oil Sincerely, American public with "all of the infor STEPHEN E. MCGREGOR, mation it has on hand pertaining to our and gas compete very directly as a source o! heat !or industrial processes, and !or space Director, Office of Oil crude oil situation." heating purposes. More domestic gas is avail and Ga8 PoliCJl.e I support this eff'ort because the Amer able, but it simply costs more to produce. ican people are getting conflicting in In order to get this gas we must pay a higher formation on this and other energy ques price. tions from the Department of Energy As you know, the interstate natural gas PERSONAL EXPLANATION and the oil companies. market and, in particular, interstate gas I have found in the Eighth District prices have been regulated !or many years, of Wisconsin that the people believe first by the Federal Power Commission, HON. W. HENSON MOORE neither the President nor the oil com (FPC) and more recently by its successor panies. agency, the Federal Energy Regulatory Com OF LOUISIANA mission (FERO). Until this decade this reg IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For example, earlier this year one of ulatory system dealt with a market which my constituents, Mr. Gene Oatman of had access to large quantities o! gas which Thursday, May 31, 1979 Ocano Falls, Wis., sent me petitions with was very inexpensive to produce. The Natu • Mr. MOORE. Mr. Speaker, I was nec almost 2,000 signatures, that asked four ral Gas Policy Act (NGPA) represents an at essarily absent due to appointments in pertinent questions about the price of tempt to adjust the regulatory system to Louisiana. yesterday and, in doing so, I natural gas and oil. substantially changed conditions on both the supply side and demand side. missed two rollcall votes. Those questions were: Had I been here, I would have voted First. We were told we were "out of On the supply side prices have been al for the conference report to accompany gas" in the spring of 1973. After all this lowed to increase in a controlled manner. The price cemng on old, inexpensive inter S. 7, the Veterans Health Care Amend time, how come gasoline and other pe state gas is allowed to rise at the rate o! ments of 1979, consistent with my initial troleum products are more plentiful than inflation. Thus, until it is exhausted, this vote for the bill as H.R. 1608 on May 21 ever? old gas remains inexpensive. However, the of this year. Second. Who is getting the 5 cents per quantity available is !ar short of our needs. I would have also voted for H.R. 4035 as gallon increase in gasoline prices over In order to provide an incentive !or pro it provided a. balanced and constructive the past several months? ducers to develop expensive wells, newly d!s approach toward lasting peace and co Third. The price of natural gas in 1971 covered gas may be sold at sie:niflcantlv operation between Israel and Egypt. was 20 cents per thousand cubic feet. higher prices ($1.75/MCF plus an inflation adjustment plus 3.5% per year after April Given the reality of past costs the United The bill just passed by Congress set the 1977). States has paid for the price of war in current price at $2-1,000 percent more The Congress in enacting the NGPA be the Middle East, and the expectation of than 1971. By 1985, the price will be $4- lleved hat this price correctly reflects the a. far greater price should there be future 2,000 percent more than 1971. How in cost o! developing new sources. ones, I have to support it.• the world do you intend to control in On the demand side, the incremental pric flation if you give the oil companies a ing provisions o! the NGPA require that the 2,000-percent raise? cost o! these more expensive supplles be Fourth. The Arabs 0