Environmental Impact Assessment Report for a Nuclear Power Plant

www.fennovoima.com Plant a Nuclear Power for Assessment Report Impact Environmental Environmental Impact Assessment Report for a Nuclear Power Plant C DIC E OLA R BE O L N 441 678 Printed Matter February 2014 YVA_EN_Kansi.indd 1 2014-01-27 12:50 Contact information Party responsible for the project: Fennovoima Oy Postal address: Salmisaarenaukio 1, FI-00180 Helsinki, Finland Tel. +358 20 757 9222 Contact person: Kristiina Honkanen E-mail: [email protected] Coordinating authority: Ministry of Employment and the Economy Postal address: P.O. Box 32, FI-00023 Government, Finland Tel. +358 29 506 4832 Contact person: Jorma Aurela E-mail: [email protected] International hearing: Ministry of the Environment Postal address: P.O. Box 35, FI-00023 Government, Finland Tel. +358 400 143 937 Contact person: Seija Rantakallio E-mail: [email protected] More information regarding the project’s environmental impact assessment is also provided by: EIA consultant: Pöyry Finland Oy Postal address: P.O. Box 50, FI-01621 Vantaa, Finland Tel. +358 10 3324388 Contact person: Minna Jokinen E-mail: [email protected] Published by: Fennovoima Oy Copyright: Pöyry Finland Oy and Fennovoima Oy Layout and design: Werklig Oy Printing: Finepress Oy Printed in February 2014 The map illustrations of National Land Survey of Finland include the basic map and topographic raster 10/2013 data of National Land Survey of Finland. License terms: http://www.maanmit- tauslaitos.fi/ avoindata_lisenssi_versio1_20120501 The original language of the environmental impact assessment is Finnish. Versions in other languages are translations of the original document which is the document Fennovoima is committed to. The publication can be downloaded at www.fennovoima.com or ordered in Finnish, Swedish or English from [email protected]. YVA_EN_Kansi.indd 2 2014-01-27 12:50 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for a Nuclear Power Plant February 2014 Contents Summary 6 2.8 Statements and opinions on the assessment Glossary 24 program 39 2.8.1 Statements from Finnish authorities requested by 1 Project 28 the coordinating authority 44 2.8.2 Other Finnish statements requested by the 1.1 Background of the project 29 coordinating authority 47 1.2 Organization responsible for the project 29 2.8.3 International hearing statements 48 1.3 Purpose and justification for the project 30 2.8.4 Other statements and opinions 49 1.4 Assessed alternatives 30 2.9 Interaction between design phase and the EIA 51 1.4.1 Implementation alternative 30 1.4.2 Zero option 31 3 Technical project description 52 1.4.3 Previously assessed alternatives 31 1.5 Location and land use requirements 31 3.1 Operating principles of nuclear power plants 53 1.6 Project schedule 33 3.2 Description of the plant type 54 1.7 Connections to other projects 33 3.2.1 The Rosatom pressurized water reactor plant 54 1.7.1 Power transmission system 33 3.3 Safety of the plant site 55 1.7.2 Final disposal of spent nuclear fuel 33 3.3.1 Conditions at the plant site 55 1.7.3 Nuclear power plant projects in Finland 33 3.4 Best available technique and energy efficiency of the plant 56 2 EIA procedure, communications 3.4.1 Best available technique 56 and participation 34 3.4.2 Energy efficiency 56 3.5 Plant area buildings and land use requirements 57 2.1 Need and objectives of the EIA procedure 35 3.6 Construction of the nuclear power plant 58 2.2 Main stages of the EIA procedure 35 3.6.1 Description of the construction site 58 2.2.1 EIA program 35 3.6.2 Civil engineering work 59 2.2.2 EIA report 35 3.6.3 Construction site safety and security, workforce 2.3 International hearing 36 management and environmental management 60 2.4 Schedule of the EIA procedure and 3.7 Procurement of nuclear fuel 61 the international hearing 36 3.7.1 Availability of fuel 62 2.5 Parties to the EIA procedure 37 3.7.2 The fuel production chain 63 2.6 Communications and participation 38 3.7.3 Quality and environmental objectives set for the 2.6.1 Information and discussion events 38 supply chain of nuclear fuel 65 2.6.2 Resident survey and stakeholder interviews 39 3.8 Use of chemicals 66 2.6.3 Other communications 39 3.9 Water consumption and supply 67 2.7 Coordinating authority’s statement on 3.9.1 Cooling water supply and discharge of cooling the EIA program 39 water into the sea 67 2 Contents 3.9.2 Service water consumption 67 5 Licenses, permits, plans, notifications 3.9.3 Supply and treatment of service water 68 and decisions required for the project 100 3.10 Waste waters 68 5.1 Land use planning 102 3.10.1 Flushing water from cooling water treatment 5.1.1 General 102 equipment 68 5.1.2 Planning required by the project 102 3.10.2 Sanitary waste water 68 5.2 Licenses and permissions pursuant to the 3.10.3 Laundry waste water 69 Nuclear Energy Act 102 3.10.4 Other waste water 69 5.2.1 Decision-in-Principle 103 3.10.5 Rain and foundation water 69 5.2.2 Construction license 103 3.11 Conventional waste management 69 5.2.3 Operating license 104 3.11.1 Construction phase waste management 69 5.3 Notifications pursuant ot the Euratom Treaty 104 3.11.2 Operating phase waste management 70 5.4 Building permit 104 3.12 Operating waste management 70 5.5 Flight obstacle permit and no-fly zone 104 3.12.1 Classification of operating astew 70 5.6 Permits pursuant to the Environmental 3.12.2 Volume, origin, and quality of operating waste 71 Protection Act and the Water Act 105 3.12.3 Processing of operating waste 71 5.6.1 Permits required for construction 105 3.12.4 Final disposal of operating waste 72 5.6.2 Permits required for operation 105 3.13 Spent nuclear fuel 73 5.7 Legal impact of protection measures 105 3.13.1 Interim storage at the plant area 74 5.7.1 Nature Conservation Act 105 3.13.2 Transportation to final disposal 75 5.7.2 Antiquities Act 106 3.13.3 Final disposal solutions 75 5.8 Permits required for connected projects 106 3.14 Decommissioning of the power plant 76 5.9 Other permits 107 3.14.1 Decommissioning strategy 77 3.14.2 Waste and the processing thereof 77 6 The project’s relationship with plans and 3.15 Transportation and commuter traffic 78 programs concerning environmental 3.15.1 Construction phase traffic 78 protection and the use of natural 3.15.2 Operation phase traffic 78 resources 108 3.16 Radioactive emissions and the limitation thereof 78 3.16.1 Radioactive emissions into the atmosphere 79 7 Assessment methods, the present state 3.16.2 Radioactive emissions into the sea 79 of the environment and the assessed 3.17 Conventional air emissions 80 environmental impacts 114 3.17.1 Emissions from generation of emergency power 7.1 Premise of the assessment 115 and heat 80 7.2 Land use and the built environment 115 3.17.2 Emissions from transportation 80 7.2.1 Present state 115 3.18 Traffic connections and power lines 81 7.2.2 Assessment methods 120 3.18.1 Traffic connections 81 7.2.3 Impacts during construction and operation 121 3.18.2 Power lines 81 7.3 Emissions into the air 121 7.3.1 Present state 121 4 Nuclear safety 84 7.3.2 Assessment methods 121 4.1 Nuclear safety requirements 85 7.3.3 Construction phase impacts 121 4.2 Nuclear safety principles and their 7.3.4 Operation phase impacts 122 implementation 85 7.4 Water systems and fishing 123 4.3 Management of external hazards 88 7.4.1 Present state 123 4.4 Verification of nuclear safety and authority 7.4.2 Assessment methods 132 supervision 89 7.4.3 Construction phase impacts 134 4.5 Management of abnormal 7.4.4 Operation phase impacts 136 and accident situations 89 7.5 Soil, bedrock, and groundwater 146 4.5.1 Abnormal situations at nuclear 7.5.1 Present state 146 power plants and the related requirements 89 7.5.2 Assessment methods 147 4.5.2 The International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) 90 7.5.3 Construction phase impacts 147 4.5.3 Emergency preparedness operations 7.5.4 Operation phase impacts 148 and civil defense 92 7.6 Flora, fauna, and conservation areas 149 4.6 Radiation and its health impacts 96 7.6.1 Present state, flora 149 4.6.1 Direct radiation impacts 97 7.6.2 Present state, avifauna 149 4.6.2 Long-term radiation impacts 97 7.6.3 Present state, other fauna 150 4.6.3 Radiation and pregnancy 98 7.6.4 Present state, nature conservation areas 150 4.6.4 Reference data on radiation sources and doses 7.6.5 Assessment methods 155 in Finland 98 7.6.6 Construction phase impacts 157 Contents 3 7.6.7 Operation phase impacts 159 7.16.1 Assessment methods 214 7.7 Landscape and cultural environment 162 7.16.2 Impacts 214 7.7.1 Present state 162 7.17 Combined impacts with other known projects 215 7.7.2 Assessment methods 162 7.18 Zero-option 215 7.7.3 Construction phase impacts 163 7.18.1 Assessment methods 215 7.7.4 Operation phase impacts 163 7.18.2 Local impacts of the zero-option 215 7.8 Traffic and traffic safety 164 7.18.3 Demand for electrical energy and opportunities 7.8.1 Present state 164 to save energy in Finland 215 7.8.2 Assessment methods 165 7.18.4 Energy saving measures by Fennovoima 7.8.3 Construction phase impacts 165 shareholders 217 7.8.4 Operation phase impacts 165 7.18.5 Electricity production and cost structure in the 7.9 Noise 167 Nordic electricity market 217 7.9.1 Present state 167 7.18.6 Impact of the zero-option on emissions 217 7.9.2 Assessment methods 168 7.9.3 Construction phase impacts 169 8 Comparison between 7.9.4 Operation phase impacts 170 alternatives and assessment of the 7.9.5 Summary of the noise impacts 173 significance of the impacts 220 7.10 People and society 173 8.1 Comparison with power plant assessed 7.10.1 Present

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