\'01. 18 no. 6 nov-dec 1976 • new mexico architecture IN THIS ISSUE are featured two remodeled struc­ tures. One is actually on historic house--or, at least, it is almost so. Built in 1937, it is one of New NMA News 7 Mexico's few good "International Edge Factors of Histor ic District­ Style" houses. This is not to soy that the architect is historic - at Achievements of 94th Congress-Federal least not yet! William Burk, Jr., the Programs Conference for New Orleans­ architect, is olive, well, working and A Letter from Brick Inst itute living in Albuquerque. The second remodeled structure was young (built in 1966), but too small for present needs. The archi­ UNM Arena Expanded 10 tect, Joseph Boehning, has added to - Joe Boehning, AlA , Arch itect his original building in such a way os to make one wonder if the orig­ inal successful design was but the central nucleus about which the re­ cent expansion was indeed expected to grow. Theoretical Revival of An International Style House 15 o 0 0 0 - Edna Heatherington Bergam A TIME FOR A WELL EARNED THANK YOU With the September/October is­ sue of NMA a nome slipped off the "Commission" list on this page. Ro­ Index To Advertisers 22 bert G. Mallory, A.I.A., asked to be relieved of the burdening task of Advertising Director. Bob first be­ come actively associated with the production of this magazine with (CoGcr - UNJI Arena - Jerry Goffe - Photographer) the July/August 1968 issue. Miles Brittelle, Sr., asked Bob to assist him in the securing of advertising, which, we all know, and I perhaps -Official Publication of the New Mexico Society of Architects, A I. A- most of all, is our life's blood. (Without the support of the adver­ Society Officers Commission for NMA tiser, we have no magazine!) When Miles died on January 7, 1970, Bob President-Robert C. Campbell John P. Conron, FAIA/FASID--Editor took upon himself the full task of Vice President-George C. Owen Advertising Director. Secretary-Treasurer-Kern W. Smith Ronald K. Hill-Associate Editor For these many years Robert G. Director-Loren E. Mastin Mallory has served us well. Those of Director-Charles Nolan, Jr . Bainbr idge Bunting-Editorial Consultant us who produce this magazine are Director-John W. McHugh grateful beyond our ability to ade­ Director-Donna Quosthoff Mildred Brittelle-Accounting quately soy so; the New Mexico So­ Director-Eugene L. Hunt and Circulation ciety of Architects is forever in his Director-Edwin C. French debt. Director-Robert J. Stroder, Jr. John W. McHugh Thank you, Bob Mallory. Director-John P. Conron FAIA/FASID Director-William Buckley Sam Pool AlVIERIGAN interiors fit uSlness•

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4 NMA No vemb er-Dec ember 1976 Stanley Structures is Our New Name

Stanley Structures is the new name After leading in the development of Since 1971 we have been a part of for Prestressed Concrete Products , single story buildings in the '50's and The Stanley Works, manufacturer of and structures are our business . '60's, we took a leadersh ip position a world famous line of tools and in the construction of multi-story building products. Our network of We are part of a network of structures in the 1970's. prestressed concrete plants is companies which was the first in the located throughout the West and United States to market In 1971we expanded production Canada. precasVprestressed concrete facilities to include the most modern products for building construction. highway girder facilities in the U.S. Stanley Structures is our new name. It tells you who we are and what we We introduced the "twin-tee" and In recent years , our architectural do. erected the first prestressed precast concrete products have concrete structure in the U.S. enabled customers to build structures which express excellence We were one of the nation's first Stanley in design and const ruction. manufacturers of a family of component parts for all-precast Our customers are architects , Structures apartment buildings . contractors. developers. engineers, 1304 Menaul , N.E. investors and owners. Our P.O. Box 3855 structures include bridges , Albuquerque. New Mexico 87110 apartments, offices , condominiums, (505) 345-5671 schools, warehouses, industrial plants , and parking garages.

NMA November-December 1976 Which building material will you use? required by the double-plate glass In a time of one energy crisis You've got energy shortages to wall. A lot of money and a lot of after another, masonry makes think about. Air-conditioning costs. energy to run that equipment. eminently good sense as a good Heat gain through the long, hot Compare the heat loss in winter. citizen. summers. Heat loss in the winter It has a dramatic effect on energy The masonry industry believes months. Heating equipment costs. consumption and building operation that the thermal insulating qualities of The whole set of energy-use factors costs. masonry are an important economic suddenly has become critically Our masonry wall, for example, consideration to building designers, important. The building material you has a "U-value" of .12. The double- owners and investors, and all citizens. use affects all of them. plate glass wall has a " U-value" of Masonry walls save on air- Compare the energy conserving .55. (U-values are used to determine conditioning and heating costs. And capability of masonry, for instance, heat loss through one square foot of just as important, they are less with double-plate glass walls. wall area in Btuh per degree expensive to build. The masonry wall At 4:00 P.M. on a hot August day Farenheit differential across the wall.) we've described would have a 38% in Washington, D.C., the heat gain This means that the masonry lower initial cost than the double- through a square foot of west-facing wall is about 450% more efficient, on plate glass wall. insulated brick and concrete block the average, than the glass wall in If you'd like to find out more, wall will be 2.2 Btus an hour. reducing heat loss. write to us and we'll send you a The heat gain through a double­ Over the useful life of the booklet comparing the thermal plate glass wall in the same location building, the heating f?"""-"...,-....-~--. . insulating qualities of will be 173 Btus a square foot in an cost per square foot of masonry walls with hour. A big difference. wall area for masonry double-plate glass Project this differential over will be about 30 cents. ~ walls, metal panel walls 10,000square feet of wall. You come For double-plate glass, and pre-cast concrete up with a heat gain through masonry about $1 .38. walls. of 22,000 Btuh, while the heat gain through double-plate glass is ,------1,730,000 Btuh. In the case of the masonry wall, ! [1* 1] International Masonry Institute cooling equipment with a two-ton I 823 15th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005 capacity can handle the heat gain. I But with the double-plate glass wall, I Please send the booklet comparing insulating qualities of masonry about 143 tons of cooling capacity I with other building materials. will be needed. I An analysis of a typical 1o-story I building shows that over its useful life, I Name I the air-conditioning cost for a square I foot of our masonry wall will be about I Title 23 cents. For the double-plate glass I wall, it will be $7.60. I Company It takes a lot of money to bUY, I I City State Zip install and create space for all the I extra air-conditioning equipment I IL Nature of Business _ MASON CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION of NEW MEXICO

6 NMA No vember-December 1976 EDGE F"ACTORS OF" cipal boundaries or propert y lines. Arts program of the National En­ HISTORIC DISTRICTS Some are defined on the basis of dowment for the Arts. Representa­ ANALYZED IN historic or visual factors such as tives of each of the historic dis­ PRESERVATION architectura l styles, while still tricts contributed to the study un­ PRESS BOOK others derive from less tangible der the coordination of four reg­ factors: socioeconomic divisions ional consultants: Robert B. Ret­ As more and more communities and political conside rations. But tig, Northeast; Bernard Lemann are rejecting urban renewal that all of the districts studied in this South ; W. Philip Cotton, Jr., AlA: calls for wholesale demolition in book have a reason for being and Midwest, and John P. Conron. favor of maintaining and rehabili­ a rati onale for determining where FAIA, FASID, West. . tatin g their old neighborhoods, they should star t and where they The guide is available for $5.50 they are facing a difficult ques­ should end. plus 50 cents postage from the tion : Wh at constitutes an area Planner Russell Wright, the Preservation Bookshop, National worth protecting? Tru st, 740 Jackson Place, N.W., Is it limited to single downtown study's principal consultan t, anal­ Washington, D.C. 20006. landmark buildings, reminders of yzes and comments on historic dis­ the early days of the community? trict legislation, ordin ances and AC HI EVEM ENTS 0 F" Does it include the nearby build­ control systems.He notes potential ings, less impressive but still his­ opposition to historic district pro­ THE SECOND SESSION torically interesting and architec­ posals and when compromises OF" 94TH CONGRESS turally valuable? Does it extend to should-and should not-be made. A LEGISLATIVE natura l landscapes? Wh at needs­ Eac h of the 20 case studies is MINUTEMAN REPORT and is worth- the protection given discussed in detail, with regional maps, maps of the historic dis­ What was accomplished in 1976? by historic district designation? By adjournment day on October Those questions and how 20 ci­ tricts themselves and illustrations of various district edges . A glos­ 2nd, the 94th Congress had com­ ties and towns in the United States ~l et ed sary and selected bibliography al­ action on, among other answered them are the subject of Items, more than a dozen mea­ A Guide to Delineating Edges of so are included. In his foreword National Trust sures supported by the AlA. Our Historic Districts, a new publica­ only disappointm ents were the tion from the Preservation Press of President James Biddle notes that A Guide to Delineating Edges of failur e of the House of Represent­ the National Trust for Historic atives to pass a bill increasing Preservation. Historic Districts is the first Tru st study "to attempt a systematic de­ federal earthquake research acti­ From Old San Juan in Puert o vities and to appropriate $25 mil­ Rico to Pioneer Square in Seattle, termination and assessment of how these districts have been created lion for restoration of the West this 96-page guide provides in­ Front of the U. S. Capitol. sights into how cities and towns and changed and how they have been affected by their edges. As As for our successes, bills were have protected th eir famous and enacted into law- not-so-famous historic areas from such it represents the expan ded National Trust commitment to the 1) authorizing the developm ent neglect and destruction. In some of energy conserva tion perform­ cities, citizens wanted to encour­ preservation of the ameni ties and ambience of given places in our ance standards for new construc­ age rehabilitation to revitalize tion; property values. In others, historic cities, towns and countryside ­ not in static, museum-like fashion, 2) providing federal financial districts were created to prohibit assistance for energy conservation inappropriate highways or large­ but in contempora ry, enriched en­ vironmen ts. retrofitting of existing buildings; scale developm ent. 3) encouraging m u I t i- a n d "It is hoped," adds Biddle, "that Th e historic districts analyzed adaptive-use of public buildings; this report will be a contribution are in Annapolis, Md.; Boston, 4) authorizing and appropriat­ to the working tools available to Mass.; Charleston, S.C.; Chicago, ing $2 billion for an emergency those responsible for historic dis­ Ill.; Columbus, Ohio; Elsah, IlL; state and local public works pro­ tricts, both in facing issues gener­ Galveston , Texas; Georgetown, gram; ated by existing districts and in Colo., Grand Rapids , Mich., Har­ 5 ) authorizing fund s for imple­ creating new districts, which we risville, N.H. ; Jackson ville, Ore.; mentation of Washington , D. C.'s especially wish to encourage." New Orleans, La.; Providence, Pennsylvania Avenue Plan ' R.I.; St. Louis, Mo., San Juan, A Guide to Delineatin g Edges of 6 ) establishing an Alpi~e Lakes P.R.; Santa Fe, N.M.; Seattl e, Historic Districts resulted from a Wilderness Area in Washington Wash. ; Tucson, Ariz.; Weth ers­ study conducted by the Nation al State; field, Conn. ; Woodstock, Vt. Tru st Office of Preservation Serv­ 7 ) providing h i g h er funding Some of their historic district ices und er a City Edges grant from levels for the Land and Water edges follow rivers , streets, muni- the Architecture + Environmental Continued page 9

NMA November -December 1976 7 /"' ~ stevens mallory pearl & campbell · archltects a.i.a.

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8 N MA November-December 1976 Conservation Fund and pennitting FEDERAL PROGRAMS pIe, to tie energy conservation to up to 10 percent of a state's allo­ CONFERENCE SLATED insulation 'U' values only, without cation for sheltered recreation fa­ FOR NEW ORLEANS considering the total thermal per­ cilities; WASHI NGTON, D. c.. Oct. 27, fonnance of a building and its use 8) setting up an historic preser­ 1976 -Energy, public works, and and environment , are like treating vation fun d w i t h authorized the international market will be a symptom and not the disease. spending of $500 million over the among the chief topics at the fifth They tend to look at the visible next four fiscal years; national Federal Programs Confe r­ point of the iceberg, rather than 9 ) calling for a s t u d y of the ence for architects and engineers delve deeply into the total prob­ feasibility of naming the Olmsted to be held in New Orleans, Feb. lem. As a result, since 'U' factors Home a n d Office in Brookline, 24-25, 1977. were developed to more than safe­ Massachusetts as a national his­ Top level federal agency offi­ ty size mechanical equipment for a "worst case" condition, both the toric site; cials and members of Congress 'U' factors , and the method, may will brief design professionals on 10) providing guid elines for the actually result in energy waste opportunities in the federal mar­ management of the national for­ rather than energy conservation. ests, including provisions for sus­ ketpl ace. A wide range of work­ Beyond this devastating possi­ tain ed yield practices and protec­ s hop s, panel discussions, and bility exists also the very good tion of marginal lands ; speakers will cover such areas as prospect that initial building costs transportation , community devel­ 11) expanding the In d ian a may be needlessly increased, thus opment block grants, military serv­ Dunes Nation al Lakeshore; reducing market potential in the ices procurement and construction 12) establishing management face of great needs, and that both programs, and federal encourage­ guidelines for the public domain life-cycle dollar and energy costs ment for small and minorit y firms. lands; will be adversely affected. The 30 participating federal 13) authorizing and appropriat­ agencies will include the General Permit me to send literature as ing funds for housing and com­ Services Administration, National follows, all of which bear on facets munity developm ent programs; Aeronautics and Space Administra­ of this problem : 14 ) creating tax incentives for tion, the Energy Research and De­ "New Insights Into Energy the preservation of historic build­ velopment Administration, the Use and Conservation in ings and for the removal of archi­ Anny Corps of Engineers, and the Structures"-NCMA "Walls to Save Energy"­ tectural barriers. Departments of C om m er c e ; BIA Legislative Minutemen were ask­ Health , Education, and Welfare; "The Role of Brick Masonry ed to write their senators and rep­ Housing and Urban Developm ent ; in Energy Conservation De­ resentatives on many of these is­ Justice; State; Transportation, and sign"-BIA sues. As always , your letters were the Treasury. "American Appraisal Com­ very effective in persuading mem­ A LETTER: pany's Com par i son of bers of Congress to amend or sup­ Mr. Anthony C. Antoniades, Apartment Building Costs port the legislation and we thank AlA, AlP in 205 Major Markets"­ you for your help. Accountability Re: Article, "Space in New Mex­ -BIA to constituents has received in­ ico Architecture as a Resource "Walls to Save Dollars"­ creased emphasis and we believe for an Energy Ethic," January­ BIA the Legislative Minuteman pro­ February, 1976, New Mexico The objective of these items is to gram is more important than ever. Architecture". pres ent some little known-per­ As soon as the Congressional Dear Mr. Antoniades: haps "forgotten" would be a bet­ election results are official, we will Please accept my thanks and ter word-virtues of mass in walls, be mailing you a new Legislative congratulations for the above sub­ floors and roofs in relation to the Minuteman registration card. You ject article. It is extre mely well total problem. will have the opportunity to renew written and thought provoking. I We do not feel that mass is the your participation in the program can only hope it will provoke some only answer. But it deserves at by returning the completed card action of the right sort as well. least to be an important part of to us-postage free. You must send Unfortunately, the only activity the answer. And your suggestion us the new card to continue as a I presently note is on the part of that we develop, or rediscover, an Legislative Minuteman! There will generally uninformed government­ "energy ethic" is most meritorious. be approximately 100 new mem­ al agencies: cities, counties, and Respectfully yours, bers of Congress and our files can states who rush to do something BRICK INSTITUTE, only be accurate if you give us they consider politically proper REGION 12 information related to newly-elect­ even if it's wrong. Henry E. Bollman ed 95th Congress. -Nicola Gara Legislative attempts, for exam- Regional Director

NMA November-December 1976 9 The UNM Arena expands. • •

Architect. Joe Boehning, A.I.A. Structural Consultant. Cottrell-Vaughan & Associates Mechanical Consultant Bridgers & Paxton Electrical Consultant Uhl & Lopez Acoustical Consultant C. P. Boner, (Austin, Texas) Graphics Corey Planning & Design Group (New York) Contractor George A. Rutherford Photographer Jerry Goffe

10 NMA Novem ber-Decem ber 1976 ~--, -_.

~Z -

SECTION BEFORE REMODELING

SECTION AFTER REMODELI NG

".

In 1966, the University of New Mexico constructed U n i v e r s i t y __~~ N Arena in the athl etic complex on the South Campus. The 14,859 seat facility was constru cted for a cost of $1.5 million. The facility was designed primarily for basket­ ball. Howe ver, it also serves for shows such as Bob Hope, Bill Cos­ by, Lawrence Welk, and the Roll­ ing Stones. It has also housed com­ mencement, boxing matches, and the ordination of the Archbishop of Santa Fe. In 1971 and 1974 ~NM led the nation in collegiate basketball for home att endance. Thousands of fans had to be turn­ ed away each year because of lack of seats. It was mandatory that ad­ ditional seating capacity be con­ structed. In 1974, UNM hired the same MlElZANlHt: LEVEL PLAN architect to design the expansion ~

NMA November-December 1976 11 • Before

And

Aft.

Note: These two " befo p~otographs are Dick Kent.

new seats carried around the peri­ meter of the building to match the original concept. A new mezza­ nine concourse is located behind these new seats, again to main­ tain the original concept. These new mezzanine seats are made ac­ cessible to the main concourse level with six stairways. Six new concession stands were designed to integrate with the stairways. Four new restrooms were added to double the restroom capacity. In order to widen the main con­ course, the existing exterior walls were removed. These walls were replaced by precast concrete col­ umns and beams which help sup­ port the cantilevered mezzanine structure. The large expanses of interior wall in the enlarged con­ course have been decorated with supergraphic basketball players. The new walls and roof that en­ close the widened concourse are of precast concrete. The exterior wall panels were finished with an adobe colored cement finish to help relate the building to the architecture on the main campus. The original facility had a land­ scaped space between the exterior walls and the sidewalk. The ex­ panded concourse absorbed this space. The owner intends to land­ scape the dividers at the parking lots. One important feature of the 8,000 square foot addition in the southeast comer is the meeting room. This meeting room will serve several functions: 1) Special meetings of U N M groups. 2) Lounge for VIP spectators at intermissions. 3) Recruiting of athletes. 4) Use of press during large tournaments. Construction of the $2 million and remodeling. The primary de­ an 8,000 square foot office and addition was accomplished in the sign requirement was to maintain storage building was to be con­ eight-month span between basket­ the same open concept that made structed over the basement dress­ ball seasons. The new seating, the original structure so successful. ing rooms at the southeast comer, along with standing room on both The extremely tight budget for and all dressing rooms were to be levels, has increased the capacity the original structure left it with: remodeled. All athletic ticket sales to over 18,000. The largest crowd a concourse that was too narrow; will be handled from this building. for the 1975-76 season was 18,962. too few restrooms; and too few A total of 2,300 new chair back The total attendance for the 1975­ concession stands. The expansion seats were added by cantilevering 76 season was 241,521, the third also had to correct these problems. five rows of seats over the back largest season attendance in the -In addition to these improvements, of five rows of existing seats. These history of the NCAA. l. B.

14 NMA November-December 1976 THEORETICAL REVIVAL-of an INTERNATIONAL STYLE HOUSE MORE HISTORICAL DATA AND AP ERIOD DES IGN

-ED NA HEATHE RINGTON BERGMAN

1. W. C. Raabe's Kelvin -Home under construction in December 1937. (From "Albuquerque Progress")

A few years ago in the pages of New Mexico Kelvinator House, a name given provenance by the Architecture.' Anthon y Antoniades (A.LA., A.LP., electric kitchen and once-elaborate air refrigerating Assoc. Prof. of Archit ecture, Univ. of Texas at Ar­ and humidifying installation. The construction of lington) took a look around Albuquerque at early "houses of tomorrow" for the purpose of demonstrat­ examples of the "modem," categorizing three styles: ing such advanced home technology was not uncom­ Art-D eco, Prairie, and Intemational. At that time he mon in the late thirties. The University of New Mex­ speculated about the origins of some local residences, ico's library possesses bound volumes of Albuquerque most of them in the general vicinity of the Univers­ Progress,1 a business newsletter published since 1934 ity of New Mexico campus, in which he saw a com­ by the Albuquerque National Bank, containing ( Dec. mon vocabulary of Intemational Style elements. A 1937) a photograph of the house under construction house Antoniades picked out for special prais e ("on e (figure 1) and this interesting description: of the best works of early modem architecture in "To prove that a family of moderate income New Mexico"), 324 Hermosa Dr. , S.E., was iden­ can enjoy the fruits of modem housing research, tified in the following issue of NMN as the work of Haabe and Mauger Hardware Company are William Burk, [r., A.LA., designed in 1937 for WaI­ sponsoring the construction of an ultra-modem, ter C. Raabe. electrically equipped, air-conditioned home at I was interes ted in this beginning of historical 324 South Hermosa Avenue. When completed , research both as owner of the house and as a student the Kelvin-Home will feature many advanced of architecture; at the time Antoniades' article was improvements not embodied in residences cost­ published, I was studying the influence of Regional ing several times its price, according to W. C. on Intemational Style as defined in Henry-Russell Haabe. The first floor will provide a spacious Hitchcock and Philip Johnson's Th e International living room, dining alcove, two bedrooms and Style. 4-5 Since then I have been fortunate in leam­ bath, and a scientifically planned and equipped ing more about the history of this particular house, kitchen. The second floor will be a recreation and have also had the opportunity to make my en­ room. trance into the practical world of architecture by "When completed, the building will be open designing an addition to it: an addition which is re­ for public inspection." vivalist in deliberately following the lucid theory In February of 1938 Albuquerque Progress pub­ which describes the style of the original structure. lished a photograph of the completed structure, call­ When my husband and I bought this house in ing it "modernistic.' (Figure 2). 1972, our neighbors told us that it was known as the On leaming the name of the architect, I made an

NMA November-December 1976 1:> ' 13 '· .e~ '

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16 NMA November-December 1976 2. View from th e southeast in February 1938. (From "A lb uq ue rq ue Progress") appointment with Mr. Burk, who besides generously mass is perhaps the most striking feature of this spe nding some time discu ssing the house, gave me the phase of Int ernational Style. Reyner Banh am, in The­ original plan s. (See 1st and 2nd floor plans page 16) ory and Design in th e First Ma chine Age,:! traces Kelvinator Hou se has an interestin g place in the this to H. P. Berlage, whom he quotes from Grund­ brief history of "modem" architecture in Albuquer­ lagen und Enticicklung del' Architektur of 1908: "The qu e, not only because of its aesthetic distinction bu t art of the master-builder lies in this: the creation of also becau se of its theoretical purity. It is this theo­ space, not the sketching of facades. A spatial enve­ retical qu ality which mad e it parti cularly satisfy­ lope is established by means of walls, whereby a ing to understand and to adhere to prin ciples of style space, or a series of spaces is manifested , according in designing an addition to it. to the complexity of the walling. " In 1932, Hitchcock and John son perceived a crys­ Kelvinator House is of wood frame construction, tallization of a style, the tru e style which was sup­ which properly lends itself to the lightness and dis­ posed to emerge, after the applied styles of the nine­ tributed tension which effectively expresses the en­ teenth century, from the ration al perception and anal­ closed space.Over the frame, the smooth and uni­ ysis of new materials and processes. Th ey defined fying stucco surface emphasizes the same qu alities. it thus: Windows placed at comers negate the possible read­ "There is, first, a new conception of architec­ ing of comer as support, and emphasizes the thin­ ture as volume rather than as mass. Secondly, ness of the enclosing fabri c, the presence of the space regularity rather than axial symmetry serves as enclosed. the chief means of ordering design. Th ese two Th e compac t plan , largely free of projecting ele­ principles, with a third proscribing arbitrary ap ­ ment s and details, is consistent with the same goals. plied decoration, mark the productions of the in­ All functions are not enclosed in a single volum e, tern ational style," (p. 20 ) but neither do the articulated volumes move apart Th e principle of the fund amental organic source to separate into objects; rather, they appear to be of ord er was expounded by Le Corbusier in 1923 in the parts of a whole from which any excessive mass Towards a New Architecture." "A unit gives mea­ has been pared awa y. Th e flat roofs, without cornice sure and unity; a regulating line is a basis of con­ or ornament at the edge, simplify the geometric forms struction and a satisfaction." ( p. 68 ) Hitchcock and and work to the same end, the abstraction of forms Johnson also discuss the rejection of axial symmetry to the simplest geometrical description. The purified under the same principle: geometry, like the smooth surface, works against the "Axial symmetry has generall y been used to expression of mass and for the expression of volume. achi eve the ordering of regularit y, as in Baroque Th e sharp-edged, precisely geometric form appears architecture, dominating and relating the confu­ light , an idea freed of mat eriality, a thin shell sur­ sion of independent features and elaborate de­ rounding thin air. Both perceptually and symbolically tail. Modem standardization gives automatically the thin line, the right angle, the circular section push a high degree of consistency to the parts. Hence architecture toward the realm of idea, seek the first modem architects have no need of the disciplin e prin ciple of space, not mass. of bilateral or axial symmetry to achieve aesthe­ Kelvinator Hou se makes use of the vocabulary of tic order." (p. 59) the mass-produced steel casement window, divided The principle of expressing volume rather than into panes of uniform size, and the lights of the glaz-

NMA November·December 1976 17 ed doors are modulated to the same horizontal lines. (Figure 4) The balance of the original facade is achieved not by symmetry but by the long horizontal of the single story on the north, emphasized by the thin line of the roof over the second story terrace, fixing the grouped volumes of the bedroom wing and the second story room and staircase. The plan , piv­ oting the large rooms around entry, closets, and spi­ ral staircase, achieves an assymrnetrical balance in which right angles and semicircles play against and into one another. To the post-modern eye, Kelvinator House is not lacking in ornament. The stepping-back of the wall to the front door, with its glass brick lights ( Figure 3 ); the 2" setback along the base of the terrace wall above; the pilaster which matches the chimn ey flue, flanking the second story window-all are orna­ ments. Yet these are ornaments reduced to their ab­ stract elements, and related to the reality of the stru c­ ture and its function. "Details actually required by structure or symbolic of the und erlying structure" (p. 70) are acceptable und er the principles outlined by Hitchcock and Johnson-who interestingly also remark that this is what "provided most of the decor­ ation of the purer styles of the past." The rooms which I have added to the Kelvinator House are a studio, and a bathroom and closet which makes the upstairs-originally simply a recreation room with terraces-usable as a bedroom. Circula­ tion, dressing, and sitting area evolved convenient­ ly from the exigencies of fitting new into old struc­ ture. (Floor plan, figure 5 ) The volume of the ga­ 3. The stepped back tcall to the front door and glass rage is expanded upwards: the original horizontality block side lights. is changed to a balance of larger volumes on each side of the entrance, toward which both sides curve. ( Figure 7 ) The curve of the new wall above match­ es the curve of the old wall below, and both move in toward the center where the terrace steps back above the front door. Sharp edges and smooth sur­ face, especially the unbroken curve and flatn ess of the front (west) wall, appea r cloudlike and weight­ 4. The northeast comer of the dining alcove showing less, an impression enhanced by the slight cantilever the comer teindow and matching glazing of the door. out to the line of the original marquise over the doors. ( Figures 8 and 9 ). The notch ed northwest corner was an historical accretion, being the continuation of a configuration produced by the addition in the fifties of an exten­ sion of the garage door to accommodate a very large automobile. Functionally, the corner window here overlooks the front yard and entrances to the west and gives a view of the city and mountains to the north. At the same time, the occupant is placed in the tops of the juniper trees which shelter and mark the comer. ( Figure 11) The shape of the northeast com er window is established by the mountain view. ( Figure 10) The studio is filled with north light augmented by morning and afternoon sunshine, con­ trolled on the east by the existing elm trees and on the west by venetian blinds installed in only the west­ facing windows. The window configuration , both in unit and in

18 NMA November-December 1976 f:lTIN C

5. Plan of new studio on the sec­ ond floor above garage.

6. Isometric sketch of the origin­ al house . . . and

7. with the newly completed 2nd floor studio.

NMA November·December 1976 19 J - .- , ~ 8 9 10 11

Your SIeeIcase business IVbIabIe hasto Wals A wall that's only a wall is change with an obstacle. But a Steelcase Movable Wall System can the times, form an office today or a conference room tomorrow so why or twoor three work-stations the day after. In other have walls words, it gives you unlimited flexibility in planning your that vvon1? office interi ors. And that's a boon to any business. e w » 'exico ~flice 6437 LINN AVE. N .E . • ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO . (505) 265-7841 BurllJtuTe

2 0 NMA November-December 1976 tellectual, can afford to be unconscious of the effects they produce." ( p. 38 ) In 1951, Hitchcock also re­ 8. Front of remodeled "Kelcinator" house. Figure 9 pudiated the idea, despite the passage quoted above, •shows the new studio atop the garage. Figures 10 and that they had intended to create "an academic rule­ 11 show the new studio icindou:« looking out into book." ( p. 242 ) A part of the current reassessment the tree tops. of the architec tura l past, including the nineteenth cen tury, is du e to the recognition that the revolution has not been total: we are not freed from theories, ideas, intention s, meanings; but that the pro cesses pan e sizes, has been kept consistent with the exist­ and materials of the industrial age and the electronic ing windows, and the new door is the same size as age and the future will continue to offer possibilities the oth er two front doors. Window details - sills, for many interpretations. In this as in past periods, flashing, and reveals - were matched to the existing the designer must make choices, and the clarity and windows. richness of his conception, wheth er it is based on a In 1932, Hitchcock and Johnson wrot e, "Anyone powerful personal intuition or on a lucid theory, must who follows the rules, who accepts the implications be the strongest influence on the aesth etic quality of an architecture that is not mass but volume, and of his design. who conforms to the principle of regularity can pro­ In the recent past, architects have insisted on the duce buildings which are at least aesthetically sound." universality of a pure truth-insisted because we ( p. 68 ) In 1951, Hitchcock says, "We were amazingly could not, like the builders of the Middle Ages, as­ optimistic and full of faith. "( p. 254) Yet their clar­ sume it. Yet we are historical : a literate people with ification of principles, their lucid theorizing, has been knowledge of the past. More than that, we are global, of value not only in understanding the source of the knowin g histories of many pasts. We need not ap­ form and character of Kelvinator House, but also in proach the past guiltily, pretending to embrace ugli­ adding to the structure harmoniously, in creating a ness, justifying ourselves by sentiment or through new whole which remains as aesthetically satisfying condescension to the bad taste of the ignorant: we as the original. can allow styles their own "rationales," understand At the same time, the authors also said, "Critics them on the grounds of their own theories, -even, should be articulate about problems of design; bu t if the occasion suits, use those theories to embody architects, whose training is more technical than in- them aga in. E. H. B.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Albuquerque Progress (Albuquerque, New Mexico , Albu­ que, New Mexico ," (unpub lished , Dec 1973) querque National Bank, 1937·38) 5. Hitchcock, Henry-Russell, and Philip Johnson, The Inter­ 2. Antoniades, Anthony C., " Early Modern Arch itecture in national Style, with a new forward and appendix by New Mexico," New Mexico Architecture, vol 15, no 9-10, Henry-Russell Hitchcock, (New York, W. W. Norton Sept-Oct 1973 & Co., lnc., 1966) 3. Banham, Reyner, Theory and Design in the First Machine 6. Le Corbus ier, Towards a New Architecture (New York, Age, Second Edition (New York, Praeger, 1967) Frederick A. Praeger, 1946) 4. Bergman, Edna Heather ington, " Notes on the History of 7. "NMA News", New Mexico Architecture, vol 15, no 11·12, Early International Style Architecture in Albuquer- Nov-Dec 1973

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NMA November·December 1976 21 new mexico architecture nma Ai Ai', _if ,&i Al R1 Published bi-monthly by New Mexico Society of Architects, ,r< ,r< ,r< ,r< .,rr< .,p< American Institute of Architects, a non-profit organization. Editorial Correspondence should be addressed to John P. SUPPORT YOUR LOCAL Conron, Box 935, Santa Fe, N. M. 87501. 505 983-6948.

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