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col: 18 no. 1 jan. - feb. 1976 • new mexico architecture As we begin another year of New Mexico Architecture, it is appropri­ ate to remind our readers of the contribution made to our financial stability by the advertisers. It is their support which makes possible the production of the magazine. To all of these fine people the "staff" says a most sincere thank­ you! Space in New Mexico Architecture o DOD as a Resource for on Energy Ethic 10 Beginning on page lOis an arti­ - By Anthony C. Antoniades, AI.A, AI.P. cle by Anthony C. Antoniades, AlA, AlP, Associate Professor of Archi­ tecture at the University of Texas at Arlington. Professor Antoniades taught architecture at the Universi­ ty of New Mexico before moving to Index to Advertisers 18 Texas. It was during those years in our state that he developed a strong interest in and knowledge of the architectural heritage of New Mexi­ ico. Three articles by Antoniades hove appeared previously in NMA­ November/December 1971, Septem­ ber/October 1973 and July/August 1974. JPC

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NMA January-February 1976 9 The current concern for energy conservation has ~ generated the need for an "energy ethic" among arch­ Space in New itects. Stated in architectural terms, this "energy ethic" could be simply understood in new attitudes as a resource over "hea t losses" and "hea t gains," a new sophisti­ t cation in the standards adopted for the environmental control of buildings, architectura l form and materials by : AI used. All above mayor may not enhance the con­ serva tion of energy.Of these broad factors, which are sufficiently covered in general as well as in spe­ cialized literature, the subfactors pertaining to arch­ itectural form are of generic importance, especia lly when one makes the assumption that "materials" and "technological sophistication" can be easily controlled by the discrimin ating designer. This logic brin gs us to the fund amental fact that it is the basic design of a work of architec ture which reveals wheth er or not a building is an "ethical" statement regarding en­ ergy. The same logic also demands our attention to the ever present considerations for "space" creation which was and should always be the task of archi­ tects. Space should transcend the "shelter" require­ ments and be qualitative enough so as to stimulate efficient function, comfort, interaction and psycholog­ ical appeal for the users. The componen t of the "space" achieving process considered abstrac tly are physical as well as human. ' The physical componen ts of space- are the three dimensions which finally de­ termin e the architectural mass as well as the se­ quence of solids and voids which control the quality of the interior through the established rhythm of lighting. Th e human componen t depends on the users of the space who through their "life styles" (a nd needs ), cultura l connotation or certain appreciation of "schemata'<' crea te feedback to the three dimensional entity set by the architect and give respective mean­ ing into it.! It appea rs, therefore, that architecture which sets conservation of energy as its task must seek to satisfy both, three dimensional as well as hu­ 1. Cliff dwellings (caves) at Bandelier National man requirements. Monument. It is my premise that architects in requestioning their "energy ethic" must go way beyond their cur­ rent concerns, which are mostly technological and 2. Ty voni Pueblo ruins at Bandelier National Monument. encyclopedic in nature> (i.e., concern of various solar heating systems) . Architects should get back into the basics of design as far as design principles go. The y will have to get back to some of the preoccu­ pations of early archi tect ura l education or early train­ ing, ask once again ques tions pertaining to the dis­ cipline of controlling the solids versus the voids, con­ trolling the massing qualities of their works (dynamic vs, static massing ), controlling the whole attitude to­ wards the making of interior spaces and make them respond to energy conserving demands. Similar con­ cerns have to be developed for large scale architec­ ture; that is, urb an design and urb an planning. In the search for the new "space" and "energy ethic," I argu e that the study of the "typology" and "principles" of the "spaces" and "places'?' to be found in the vern­ acular architecture of New Mexico will reveal to the student and to the architect suggestions which may prove beneficial for his vocabulary of a proper archi-

10 NMA January·February 1976 tectural expression indicative of attitudes for energy ico Architecture conservation.

Physical Component of "Space" in In energy ethic. New Mexico Vernacular. c. Antoniades, A.I.A., A.I.P. Vernacular architecture of New Mexico is a good case of an architecture for the study of energy con­ servation principles. Fire was the natural energy used by primitive man. The only suffering ecology was the neighboring forest and the recycled manure. Yet, man had to pay the price himself. He spent energy from within himself. His survival depended on the burning of resources of his own body and his own hard work. Toil and fatigue combin ed with the dis­ comfort caused by the moisture and dampness of his early Troglodyti c pattern of living were the price paid to the high degree of the early ( unconscious) natural energy conservation living. In this early era, New Mexico offered three types of habitation : The caves, the cave cliff dwellings, and subterannean or cliff Kiva s, The cliff dwellings were an advancement over the earliest cave dwelling in that they had their en­ trances protected by man-made walls or by structures 3. Rural pavilion on the way to Acoma. that were blend ed into the cliff with the cliff itself and the occasional caves in it composing the back part of the building. These dwellings were achieved by means of earth extraction and by treating the add­ 4. Opening related to a view. Pueblo Bonito in Chaco ed parts in "mass" articulating mann er. The element Canyon National Monument. of "mass" is fundament al. Its achievement was per­ haps accidental from the energy conservation point of view. I suggest that structural reasons came first; the properties of masonry and earth as building ma­ terials required a "massive" approach, their use for energy conservation, energy storage, and environ­ ment al control was a secondary benefit. "Mass" there­ fore is the thin g that must remain with the new de­ signers if building within an energy ethic is to be achieved. The "massive" articulation of the cave or cliff dwelling permitted a tremendous ability for ab­ sorption and storage and slowed down the heat trans­ mission that was applied to it during the day, while after sunset the radi ation of that heat into the space helped to temper the chill of the evening.s The Kivas were ceremonial spaces, mostly subter­ ranean, achieved by means of extraction. Absolute control of natural lighting, ventilation through a deli­ gent section and symmetry represented its basic phys­ ical characteristics. In all instances the physical components that be- came distinctly evident are: 1. "massiveness" with a distinct articulation, 2. supremacy of solids over the voids, 3. proximity and high densities, 4. symmetry in the plans and section of ceremonial spaces due to collective attitudes of the human factor, 5. use of transitional spaces in combination with light temporary structures and light-diffusing textures for the treatment of the problem of glare .

NMA Januar y·Febr uar y 1976 11 5. Taos Pueblo. Rough log shelters provide shaded work areas. Small window openings prevent " eat gain dur­ ing the daytime and heat loss at night.

Massiveness: Articulation and human. Th e natural energy resource conservation is Breaking-Down of Mass. still the same as that of the cave dwellings and of We may call "mass" and "massiveness" as the num­ the subterranean Kiva. Additionally, the pueblos in­ ber one key to energy conservation in New Mexico. corporate extensive use of wood burning and incor­ In later days the "mass" of the cliff edge or the mass porate fireplaces and chimneys which return the heat of the man-made masonry wall was substituted by the to the interior environment after the heat source has "mass" of free-standing natural formations on which been extinguished and during the chill of the night. man attached his edifice. Figure- is a photograph Mass articulation also helps the creation of pleas­ of what I have called the "rural pa villion" on the ant working areas protected by the direct sun and way to Acoma. This small desert edifice represents freshened by prevailing breezes. Th ese working areas perhaps a unique case of visual balance, a combina­ are provided through the "human scaling"!1 of the tion of natural and man-made, or pas-des-deux be­ total mass of the pueblo and articulation of the total tween the free-standing rock and arc hitecture. Dw ell­ volume. ings of the "rural pavillion" type were perh aps done Th e "volume" of the ene rgy conserving "mass" of primarily for purposes of construction economy (s ince the ew Mexico arc hitecture is broken down to well the rock helped elimina te the cost of one wall ), yet articulated parts, thus causing a "free" or "sculptura l" even if economy was the real case, it can still be composition of the total. Th e "sculptura l" quality is argued that conserva tion of energy was a side effect du e to the constant change of the shading situa tions energy this time was the human energy that was that are generated by the moving sun and eventually saved by avoiding the building of the fourth wall. anim ate the building. Thi s dynamism (movement of Th e early architectures of Portu gal and Greece of­ shadows of the surface ) creat es pleasing spaces be­ fer num erou s examples of this free-standing type of tween the masses and, th rough the variety of the rock-edifice composite. mass brea k down (in volume and in plan ), offers Th e next type of "massiveness" is to be seen in choice in the selection of appro priate exterior areas the strictly man-made hab itat of New Mexico. All the for productive work during the heat of the day. A pu eblos of the Indian civilizations demonstrate the side effect of the mass scaling of the pueblos is that qualitative adva ntages of the mass. Through prox­ it breaks down glare which would be unbearable if imity sharing of walls, use of masonry and earth, the the mass were all assigned in one "static" volume. early pu eblos in Chaco Canyon, Bandelier, and Taos Contemporary architecture has a lot to learn in this achi eve energy economics, both natural as well as respect as well.

12 NMA January-February 1976 Solids Versus Voids Bandelier,Chaco Canyon ought to become primary examples in teac hing the principles of what energy Directly associated with the concept of "massive­ conserving urban design ought to be.But proximity ness" of New Mexico architecture is the concept of and high density arc directly related to people's atti­ supremacy of solids versus voids. New Mexico pueblos tud es towards living under these conditions. Th e "hu­ demonstrate a discipline of small openings (voids). man factor" is an extremely important consideration These small openings are appropriate for materials here and it represents the key element in making pos­ weak in tension such as stone and adob e. Further, sihle this type of energy conserving design. Discus­ they are important for heat loss and heat gain pur­ sion of the "human factor" and "human components" poses and their smallness protects the interior from of space is now in ord er. direct sun penetration during the bright days through­ out the year. The small opening in combination with the massive walls protects the comfort level during Human Component of Space­ the chill of night. Characteristic examples of the su­ Collective Attitudes and Symmetry. premacy of solids over voids is to be seen in the "sec­ More than any other consideration affecting de­ tion" of the New Mexico churches. Th e opening in sign and therefore affecting conservation of energy is these structures becomes uniquely placed above the the "human factor"!" with its subcomponents "life altar, letting direct sunbeams hit the cross during the style," "level of connotations"! ',"appreciation of sche­ Mass. On oth er occasions, especially in residential mata"!" . Th e "human factor" responds to the spaces architecture, small voids are placed appropriately determin ed by the architects and the spaces are ac­ framing special views or catching prevailing breezes cepted by the humans as long as they respon d to and directing them into the interior. Th e supremacy human needs in the physical, activity and psychologi­ of solids over the voids has been well understood as cal sense. In communities with a homogenous "human a discipline in New Mexico design. This disciplin e is factor" one witn esses homog enuity in architecture and represent ed in most of the vernacular works in the urb an design. This is true for traditional New Mexico state as well as in many contemporary works, resi­ :I S well as for a good many other cultures such as the dential or institutional, which have really distilled Greek, the North African , Southern Italian, and others. the lessons of traditions and have used traditional In communities with a "complex human factor" (di­ and regional principles in intuitive contemporary versified life styles, cultural inequities, etc.), there is ways. Th ere are, however, certain unfortunate cases diversificatio n and non-h omogenuity in architecture. of new buildings, especially commercial and office In extreme cases of non-homogenuity, such as in the structures which deviat ed from this very logical de­ case of the United States, one observes environmental sign vocabulary. extremes and one faces perhaps the issue of the Proximity and High Densities impossibilit y of a sound energy conserving architec­ ture if this non-h omogenuity is not worked out first Th e third clement, which is at present of maxi­ through the channels of education, gigantic govern­ mum importance in terms of energy conservation, is ment programs, and civilization incentives. New Mex­ the element of "proximity." Th e cave dwellings and ico, which teaches the principles of a sound energy the pueblos represent cases of urban habitation of conserving architecture, also demonstrates a homogen­ very high densities. Th ese densities in the past were uity of its early people's attitudes towards space, to­ achieved for purposes of protection ; the whole town wards high densities, towards environmental images was a fortifi cation operat ed by its inhabitant s, yet ( i.e., love of the inhabitants for "adobe" construc­ the centralization achieved thro ugh this proximity re­ tion ). duc ed tremendously the linkages of communication Th e ear ly inhabitant of New Mexico had collective between the inhabitants, permitted a very easy pro­ preferences .collective symbols and "schemata," com­ cess in the division of urb an labor, and offered an monly acce pted life styles. Of the human component, everlasting performance of urban theater for whoever "life style," and perhaps even better, "the ceremonial was living in it. Nowadays , we have lost proximity. of life"!", had a direct effect on architecture and ur­ Uncontrolled growth and sprawl have increased the ban form demonstratin g respect for conservation and lines of comm unication among hum an beings. We care for energy. Life style and collective preferences have introduced outrageously high mileage of pip e­ expressed architecturally created the high density and lines, electricity networks, channels of transportation, proximity of the pueblos as well as the distinctive all consuming the scarce resources of energy our plan­ geometry of equitability for the Kivas and ceremonial et possesses. Our entertainment is costly to get; the places. Th e form of certain individual functional ar­ ceremonial of the societal living has been lost; our eas ( Kivas, rooms, hogan s ) were symmetrical (circles, human energy ( fatigue) as well as the energy in the semicircles, octa gons, squares H ), while the form of resource sense is wasted in the seeking of pleasures the total urban unit was also following the rules of which have been wid ely dispersed in a disp ersed compac t symmetry as much as it was permitted by environment. the topography and the general environmental con­ Sprawl lies at the heart of the energy crisis and straints. Symmetry and geometry of absolute shapes sprawl is the broader issue that architects and plan­ can be well justified in subterranean functions be­ ners ought to attack foremostly and primarily. Taos , cause the genera l environmental constraints (s un,

NMA January-February 1976 13 wind, view, rain, topography, etc.) are left outside, bearing no effect in shaping the building. Absolute symmetry would he undesirabl e for abo ve the ground purposes which are exposed to environmental con­ straint. Different functions have different environ­ ment al requirements thu s affecting differently the various parts of the building. Symmetry of subter­ ranean functions, apart from the equipotentiality it offers for user parti cipation , also offers equity in en­ joying heating or ventilation and it is economic be­ yond description. "Symmetry" (circles, squares), therefore, should stay with us and, if nothing else, should at least represent one of our concerns in checking out our energy saving schemes. It is very possible that there is a very good chance for strong symmetrical spaces in a good num ber of the multi­ functional buildings we design today, such as large hotels, shopping centers, community and university buildings, etc. If nothing else, a good, strong, well balanced geometric space will help us distribute the heat sources and the cooling devices appropriately and economically will offer absolute equi ty of com­ fort to the users of the interior. The interior, by the way, can develop ground arrangements and circula­ tion patterns that are "free" of symmetry if diverse function al acti vities occur in it.

Glare. Sun, brightn ess, and extremities between day and fl. Acoma Pueblo. night temperatures represent the key environmental probl ems to be faced by the architecture in this state. Brightness causes the discomfort of "glare" which to Conclusions. a good extent is taken care of by mass articulation It is perhaps not accidental that energy awareness that has been discussed already; sun absorbing tex­ is highly developed in New Mexico. A lot of personal tures ( beige color of stucco) and glare controlling experimentation and research has been taking place transitional areas in the plan represent the other two in the state for some tim e.t> In fact, some of the major ways of glare control. Glare is not directly earlies t works of modern architecture, sensitive to related to natural resource wastes. It is, however, energy, were built in New Mexlco.!v Yet, to my mind , related to hum an energy control and hum an comfort. it is absolutely doubtful that individual schemes of The problem of glare is treated by considering the solar energy self-sufficiency (houses, domes, etc.) are location of transitional areas in the plan. These areas, the answers to the energy issue at large. Energy is such as porticos (covered walkways around patios or in the heart of sprawl and the individual cases of entrance ways ) permit a seq uential and harmonic private solar heated dwellings are absolutely insensi­ variation of light transition eliminating abruptness tive to spra wl. I believe that the total environment which is an essential for glare. Glare is also caused will benefit only if the scientific, empirical and ex­ by direct contac t of the sun with the grounds sur­ perimental ingen uity give hand s to a responsible and rounding a building. Especially when the surrounding "space" oriented architecture. I do not advocate that landscapin g is "hard," glare may become a real handi ­ we return to the troglod ytic habitation of the cave, cap. Untreated building surroundings may produce but I do sugges t that we look at technologically less environments non-condu cive to outdoor living and sophisticated civilizations and use their principles as outdoor working. Treatin g the problem of glare in the the basis for our designs. This article is not intended outdoors is the most energy conserving act man ever to sugges t that the observations and points made, and perform s in the shaping of his environment. The New perhaps the lessons to be drawn through further and Mexico Indi ans of the Taos Pueblo use temporary elaborate study of architecture, are going to be the shelters which they construct out of rough logs thus universal answers to the energy problem everywhere. creating shad ed areas on the ground which are cooler What the article claims is that the apparent consistent than the surroundings and can stimulate outdoor liv­ universality throughout the regional architecture of ing and workin g during the summer time. The energy New Mexico produced in the past what has been to crea te comfort has been absolutely taken care of und erstood here as energy efficient architecture and by inexpensively created shadow in combination with urban organization. In this sense it is argued that a the prevailin g breeze, thus eliminating the need for certain formal and spatial universality will have to massing air-conditioning for the enclosed work areas. evolve in other regions with similar sets of environ-

14 NMA January·February 1976 mental constraints if energy is going to become an 6. Distinc tion is made here betw een "spoce" and " place ." issue and really hit the heart of architecture. This Spoce conno ting "enclosure," " foca l point, " " end in universality will not exclude individual expression itself." "Place" connoting "an end and a beg inn ing, " or the use of new materials; it will rather adhere to " a terminal a nd a distribution point."" Place" is referri ng certain universal principles of design sensitive to the to urban design cases. See K. Lynch, " The Image of the City" /1960. p. 72. Also C. Norberg-Schulz, "Existance question of energy and will be sometimes as simple Space and Architecture," op, cit . p, 39. as "glass versus no glass" attitude. Such attitudes, sci­ 7. Killridge AW ing, "Bandelier" National Park Service, entifically justified through the sound scientific ad­ Historical Handbook Ser ies, No. 23, Washington, D.C. vice of the appropriate consultants, will produce the 19 5 5, repr int 1961 , p. 4 . "ethical"!" or energy conserving work which will be 8. R. Banham," The Arch itecture af the Well -Tempered En­ not only responsible to the needs of the current users vironment," Architectural Press/1969, p. 23. but it will also be responsible to future generations. 9 . For discussion on th e " scale" issue of the pueblos, see A And, as for New Mexico, it is rather clear that the C. Antoniade s, " Traditiona l vs. Contemporary Element in formal vocabulary of "ethical" energy conserving Arch itecture," in New Mexico Arch itecture/Nov., Dec., 1971 . architecture is that of massiveness, mass break down , 10 . For detailed general informa tion on the "people" af New superiority of solids over the voids, proximity and Mexico ( India n, Spun ish, and Anglo) refer to A Paul high density, abundant use of shading and heavy sun Th eil, " New Mexico, Dancing-ground of Sun," Historical diffusing texturing. -A. A. Society of New Mex ico and Schoo l of America n Resea rch, Santa Fe, 19 54, p , 10. Notes-Bibliography. 11. " Level of Connota tions," terminology originated by the "semiologists, " refer to L. Straus, Piaget, etc. 1. See C. Norberg-Schulz. Space is understood as "a two way 12. " She ma ta," Greek term meaning "sha pe of things," in­ process, a real interaction. 'Architectura l space' is a con ­ troduced to Angl osax on architectural literature by C. Nor­ crete physical aspect of this process." Existence, Space and bert-Schulz. Arch itecture, Praeger/ 1971. p. 37. 13. Characterist ic activities of th is ceremonial are witnessed in 2 . For well covered theory of the phys ical component of spoce the Indian dances and in the Mexican fest ivities (i.e., an ­ and related des ign concepts, such as scale, rhythm, pro­ nual fiesta in Santa Fe, religious ceremonies, etc . L, portions, etc ., refer to articles " Interior Volume" and " Ex­ 14 . " Squa res" is referred to th e almost absolute sq ua re pot ­ te riar Volume." Progressive Arch itecture, June, 196 5. pp . tern of the individua l room s of pueblo of Kuaua at Coro­ 155 and 166 . Also bas ic refe rence on the subject. S. Ras­ nado Na t ional Monumen t. See A Paul Theil, " New Mexi­ mussen, " Experiencing Architecture." co Danc ing-g round of Sun," Historical Society of New 3. Landmark reference for the study of above concepts a lso Mex ico a nd School of American Research, San ta Fe, 1954. suggesti ng attitudes towards dealing with spoce: Paul p.3 1. Baker," Integ ra tion of ab ilities : Exercises for creative 15. A good port of the developm ents in th is direction was re­ growth." Tr init y University Press/ 19 72. por ted by Jeffrey Cook, " The Var ied and Early Solar En­ 4. See C. Norb ert-Schulz. " Mea ning in Architecture," ed. C. ergy App lication s of Northern New Mexico, A I.A. Journal, Jenks and G. Ba ird/ 1969. August/1974, p. 37 . 5. This refers to concern for informa tion on spec ific energy 16. ibid. " Sola r Building " by Stanley and Wright in Albuquer­ saving dev ices, such as salar heating equipment, currently que, p.38. popularized even through popular magazines yet not gen­ 17. In my knowledge, the term "ethical" referring ta energy uine concern for fundamental de sign princ iples which responsible architecture was first mentioned by Texas might affect energy conservation. i.e, Popular Science, Architect Frank Moreland in lecture pertaining to global March/l 975. issues of energy, U.T.A./Spring, 1975.

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Weother ~matic Sprinkler Equipment PLANS • SPECIFICATIONS • COST ESTIMATES

ALBUQUERQUE TESTI NG LABORATORY

Sub -soil Invest igations PLASTECO For Structural and Da m Foundations Two Drills and Crews now available for Prompt Service Laboratory Analysis and SKYLIGHTS Evaluation of Construction Materia ls RESI DENTIAL, COMMERCIAL All work done under the supervision & CUSTOM - SEE SWEET'S 7.8/PL of Registered Professional Engineers Now represented in New Mexico by 53 2 Jefferson St. N .E. - P. O. Box 4 10 1 William W. Douglass, Inc. Phone AL 5-891 6 A lb uquerque Albuquerque, N. M. 87109 Phone AL 5- 1322 New Mexico 294-5326

Your ~y\ SIeeIcase b siness IVbIabIe has to walls ith A wall that's only a wall is Change WI an obstacle. But a Steelcase times, Movable Wall System can the form an office today or a conference room tomorrow SO WhY or twoor three work-stations the day after. In other have waIIS words. it gives you unlimited 't? flexibility in planning your that won • office interiors. And that's CI~i%o .. ... a boon to any business.

;;u~rufffre 6437 LI NN AVE. N .E . •A LBUQUERQUE , NEW MEXICO • (505) 265·7841

16 NMA Januar y·Februar y 1976 " ... WE SAVED A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF MONEY IN COST OF MATERIAL AND LABOR."

Arrow Construction Company's E.D. Gunaca, said even more . . .. " We wish to take th is opportun ity to thank you for the professional way you handled our needs relating to our initial order for TRUS JOIST used in the construction of the Continental Nat ional Bank ." "You may also beglad to know that by using your TAUS JOIST system we saved a considerable amount of money in cost of material and labor since our own carpenters, on the job, were able to install same with ease." " Finally, I wish to express our surprise and satisfaction in the prompt and punctual delivery of your TAUS JOIST to our job site, which contributed greatly to our efforts in meeting a very difficult completion date." "We look forward to do ing more bus iness with you and TAUS JOIST in the future." There's just nothing more we'd like to say.

Geo. B. McGill (0., Inc. McGill - Stephens, Inc. Project: Continental National Bank 3530 - C Pan American N.E. 4100 Rio Bravo St., Suite 320 EI Paso, Texas Albuquerque 87107 EI Paso, Texas 79902 Architect: B. Rea Nesmith Phone 505/345-4501 Phone 915/544-4505 Contractor: Arrow Construction Co.

Thefirst major breakthrough ineffective wine storage In2000 years.

DON'T KILL YOUR WINE If you 're proud of your wine , don 't subje ct it to th is well -l it, steom ­ heated, air - conditioned civilization of ours. The W ine Vault is a completely sel f-co n ­ ta ined room with wall s, floor , ce iling and door lined with California redwood . It sto res your wine in total darkness at a PEERLESS" cons ta nt temperature of 53 - 57 on indiv idua l CUSHIONED YINYL FLOORS. THE ULTIMATE IN CUS­ redwood rock s. TOM FLOORS FOR COMMERCIAL INSTALLATION. THE It's pre- fabricated, fits WHITE SHIELD BACK ALLOWS INSTALLATION ON OR together with patented BELOW GRADE. loc king de vices, and it's ea sily put together or ASK TO SEE T HE WIDE SELECTION OF BEAUTI FUL token aport in half on PATTERNS IN PEER LESS CUSHIONED VINYL SHEET hour. GOODS. EXTRA RUGGED, YET SO BEAUTIFUl. If you' re proud of you r Nin e in vest in a wine c ~lIor any connoisse ur would be proud of. T he W ine Va ult.

FOR COMPLETE INFORMATION CALL: tBC1i:~ COOK'S BUILDING SPECIALTIES ,• J:. 125 DALE, S. E. ~ rm' ~'Io t;"....· 414 SECOND ST., S.W. 243-5541 P. O. BOX 2511 , ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87125 ...... PHONE 877-5340 ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO. P.O. BOX 834,87103

NMA Januar y·F ebr uary 1976 17 ·.1 Ii aif . ,p< ,F< ,F< ' new mexico architecture nma SUPPORT YOUR LOCAL Published bi-monthly by New Mexico Society of Architects, AlA FORM SERVICE American Institute of Architects, a non-profit organization. Editorial Correspondence should be addressed to John P. We give a 20% discount to all AlA mem­ Conron, Box 935, Santa Fe, N. M. 87501. 505 983-6948. bers and components on orders over $10.00- Editorial Policy: Opinions expressed in all signed articles are those of the author and do not necessarily represent Office hours from 9 to 12, the official position of the publishing organization. Monday through Friday No responsibility will be assumed by the editor or pub ­ lishing organization for unsolicited contributions. Return The new Al A Catalog is now out-please de­ postage should accompany all unsolicited manuscripts. stroy ALL old catalogs, price lists, etc . Subscriptions: Write Circulation, New Mexico Architec­ ture, Box 7415, Albuquerque, N. M. 87104. Single copy Don't forget the Tax is now 4 V4 % $1.00. Yearly subscription $5.00. This is a service of the New Mexico So­ Change of address: Notifications should be sent to New ciety of Architects. Mexico Architecture, Box 7415, Albuquerque, N. M. 87104 at least 45 days prior to effective date. Please send both old and new addresses. AlA FORM SERVICE BOX 7415 Advertising: Send requests for rates and information to 915 LEAD, SW. ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87104 New Mexico Architecture, Robert G. Mallory , 115 Amherst (505) 242-4159 Drive S.E., Albuquerque, N. M. 87106. 505 255·8668. Additional copies of NMA available from John P. Conron FAIA/FASID, P. O. Box 935, Santa Fe, N. M. 87501.

Printed By Structural integrity: Hall·Poorbaugh Press, Inc. , Roswell , N. M. The concrete facts of southwestern life.

INDEX OF FIRMS who ma ke possible the pub lication of NMA and th e page upon which their message may be fou nd :

Albuquerque Testing Laboratory __16 AlA Form Service 18 Bradley Corp. . 19 Builders Block & Stone Co., Inc. ..__ 4 Century Roof Tile, Inc . ._..._ 6 Cook's Building Specialties 17 Crego Block Co., Inc. .__. 2 Cummings Co., Inc., Don J. ._. 5 Douglass, William W., Inc. .... 16 Hanley Paint Mfg. Co., Inc. ._._ _19, Historical Society of New Mexico . 5 Hydro Conduit Corporation 20 Emplo yment Secur ity Commission Olllce Buil ding In Albuquerque Mason Contractors Assn. of N. M. _ . 9 Arc hitect : W. C. Kruger end Assocletss McGill Co., Inc., Geo. B. .__19 Structural Engineer: Robert Krause ChemComp Concrete supplied by Alb uqu erque Gravel Produ ct s Company McGill Trus Joist . 17 New Mexico Office Furniture 16 The assignment was to place concrete floors on metal decks in the Neumark Co., Inc. 10 new Employment Security Commission Office Building in Albuquerque . cherncompe was specified to reduce or eliminate Prestressed Concrete Products, Inc. 6 cracking typical of this type of placement. The architects and Southern Union Gas Co. 19 engineers were well satisfied with the results (see inset). Check Southwestern Portland Cement Co. ..__18 ChemComp's many advantages by writing for our free brochure: Southwest Vermiculite Co. 8 Box 392, EI Paso, Texas 79943. Spectra-Glaze . ._.__ 7 Stryco Sales, Inc. __...... _.__ 17 Summit Brick 4 SOUTHWESTERN PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY Unistrut New Mexico ._.. 7 MAKERS OF ELTORO CEMENTS / EL PASO, AMARILLO, ODESSA University Bookstore 7 Wellborn Paint Mfg. Co. 15

18 NMA January-February 1976 The paints and coatings pnfessianaIs use.

• M or e t ha n t h ree hundre d dt tte rent pattern. c o lo r and size combmattons Easy-on interior paints, climate-designed • Impac t. c or n and sc ratc h re sist ant exterior paints, color coordinated wall­ • Unaffected ov most coverings, industrial-technical coatings, cos mencs. sprays j m edi c in e s and bathroom c n ermc ars and a complete selection of professional supplies and accessories. Since 1936. BARNETT ~~i!l~~ANY {; Childers Architectural

Panels Albuquerque, N.M.: 1214 San Pedro N.E. mansard roof EI Paso, Texas : 1531 Magoffin, 9054 Dyer, fascia panels 7636 Gateway East, 5937 N. Mesa soffit panels Despite the energy crisis, Southern Union is still urging you to use natural - eIliC j:~~~n~:.eerio~~~~~ : gas appIlances • agree that the best solullon 10 II the ener.gy cris is is to make the -, most effIcient use of our • extstrnq fuels. WhY So. you should know Ihat the most etticient source of household energy is natural gas. Natural gas can warm your hom e, heat the bath water . dry your clothes and cook the ramily's meals mo re effic iently than any other energy you can use. Tha t's because Southern Union can deliver natural gas direct to your home with minimal energy loss . For every 100 units ot energy taken from the well. 96 are delivered to your home . ThaI is double or triple Ihe efficiency of converting it to another lorm of energy to be used for these same household purposes. Fact is. Ihe bes t way to conserve natural gas is 10use It direclly. That's why Southern Union is still urging you to use natura l gas appliances. Now. more tha n ever before, jf you want the job done righl... do .twithgas. IIyou wanllhe Job done righl. doltwlthg... 1\ ••/,t'M••• u.,•• GAS 1."" ... _" Postmaster : Address Correction Requested • New Mexico A rchitecture . Box 7415 • Albuquerque, New Mexico 8710·

Bulk Ra te U. S. Postage PAID Roswe ll, N. M. Perm it No. 47

Vol. 18, NO.1

Dual Purpose ... ACHIEVED WITH PRECAST CONCRETE

ARCHITECT-ENGINEER Cottrell-Vaughan & Assoc .

PROJECT ARCHITECT Robert L. Rocheleau, AlA

CONTRACTO R John R. Lavis, General Contractor

Precast concrete panels helped achieve both a pleasing architectural presence and a pract ical , multi-use athletic facility in the new Gymnasium addition to the Eisenhower Mid-School in Albuquerque. The 20' X 20' post ten sioned panel s, with a warm-tone cement finish, serve also as a handball backstop on the exterior. The 25,000 sq. ft . two sto ry structure contains Gymnasium , Resour ce Center and Offices, Dance Performance area, Activity rooms and Shower and Locker facilities.

r.' HYDRO CONDUIT CORPORATION LI$ 2800 SECOND STREET, SW - ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 87103