Full Non-Core Vocabulary for Nepos’ Life of Hannibal

abiciō –icere –iēcī –iectus: throw down, toss — A — armō –āre: arm, equip with weapons ※ Āsia –ae f.: Asia ※ absēns absentis: absent Atticus –ī m.: Atticus ※ ※ acquiēscō –quiēscere –quiēvī –quiētum: die, Aurelius –ī m.: Aurelius repose in death avāritia –ae f.: greed, rapacity adiungō –iungere –iūnxī –iūnctum: join to,

connect, add ※ — B — adorior –orīrī –ortus sum: assault, approach (as an enemy) adversārius –a –um: opposite, hostile, contrary ※ Baebius –ī m.: Baebius ※ aedificium –ī n.: building ※ bellicōsus –a –um: warlike, fierce aedificō –āre: build, erect bellō –āre: wage far, fight, contend ※ Aemilius –ī m.: Aemilius ※ bīduum –ī n.: two day period aēneus –a –um: made of copper or bronze bīnī –ae –a: in pairs aerārius –a –um: of or belonging to copper or Bīthȳnia –ae f.: Bithynia bronze; treasury (in pl.) (kingdom in northern Asia Minor) Āfrica –ae f.: Africa ※ Bīthȳnius –ī m.: inhabitant of Bithynia (a kingdom in northern Asia Minor) aliquot: several, some ※ Blithō Blithōnis m.: Blitho Alpēs Alpium f.: Alps

Alpicus –ī m.: inhabitant of the Alps — C — amphora –ae f.: amphora (large, two-handled jar) angustus –a –um: narrow, confined cādūceus –ī m.: herald's staff annālis annālis m.: record of events, chronicle callidus –a –um: shrewd, cunning, clever annuus –a –um: for a year, annual ※ Cannēnsis Cannēnse: of Cannae (town in anteā: before, earlier, already southeastern Italy) ※ captīvus –ī m.: captive antecēdō –cēdere –cessī –cessum: excel, surpass ※ Antiochus –ī m.: Antiochus III (the Great, king of Capua –ae f.: Capua (city southeast of Rome) Syria) ※ castellum –ī n.: fort, fortress apparō –āre: prepare cēlō –āre: hide, conceal Appennīnus –ī m.: Apennines (mountain range running the length of the Italian peninsula) cēnō –āre: dine

Āpulia –ae f.: Apulia (region in southeastern Italy) Centēnius –ī m.: Centenius arbitrium –ī n.: decision, judgment, authority Cethēgus –ī m.: Cethegus circiter: near, not far from cōnserō –serere –seruī –sertum: engage (in close combat), join (battle) circumdō –dare –dedī –datum: surround, encircle cōnservō –āre: retain,mantain, preserve ※ circumeō –īre –iī/–īvī –itum: surround cōnsiderō –āre: consider circumveniō –venīre –vēnī –ventum: surround, cōnspiciō –spicere –spexī –spectus: catch sight encircle of, perceive clam: secretly cōnsulāris cōnsulāre: consular, of consular rank

clandestīnus –a –um: secret, hidden, concealed ※ cōnsultum –ī n.: decree, resolution classiārius –ī m.: mariner; naval forces, marines (in

pl.) contrahō –trahere –trāxī –trāctum: draw together, assemble, muster Clastidium –ī n.: Clastidium (town in northern Italy) Claudius –ī m.: Claudius convocō –āre: call together, assemble ※ Cornēlius –ī m.: Cornelius cohortātiō cohortātiōnis f.: exhortation ※ collēga –ae m.: colleague corōna –ae f.: crown Crēta –ae f.: Crete colloquium –ī n.: conversation ※ commemorō –āre: recall, mention Crētēnsis Crētēnse: Cretan ※ ※ comperiō –perīre –perī –pertum: find out, learn, cupiditās cupiditātis f.: longing, desire, passion know custōdiō custōdīre custōdīvī custōdītus: guard compleō –plēre –plēvī –plētum: fill up ※ Cȳrēnaeus –ī m.: inhabitant of Cyrene (a city in north Africa) complūrēs complūrium: several comprehendō –prehendere –prehendī – prehensum: seize, apprehend — D — ※ comprobō –āre: approve fully, endorse concīdō –cīdere –cīdī –cīsum: cut to pieces, beat dēbilitō –āre: weaken severely, destroy dēclarō –āre: indicate, reveal conciliō –āre: unite, win over dēdō –dere –didī –ditum: hand over, deliver concitō –āre: rouse, excite ※ dēligō –āre: tie, bind concurrō –currere –currī –cursum: join battle with dēligō –ligere –lēgī –lēctum: choose, select concursus concursūs m.: meeting, collision, dēpōnō –pōnere –posuī –positum: lay down, encounter put down ※ cōnflīgō –flīgere –flīxī –flīctum: clash, fight dēsistō –sistere –stitī –stitus: cease , leave ※ (from) off, abandon (+infin.) congredior –gredī –gressus: come together, meet, join battle dēspērō –āre: be hopeless, give up ※ cōniciō –icere –iēcī –iectum: cast, fling, toss dētrīmentum –ī n.: harm, loss ※ conlocō –āre: place, station, set up dēvincō –vincere –vīcī –vīctum: conquer, overcome cōnscrībō –scrībere –scrīpsī –scrīptum: enlist; patrēs cōnscrīptī: senators Diāna –ae f.: Diana, a Roman goddess dictātor dictātōris m.: dictator ※ dīligentia –ae f.: care, diligence exsul exsulis m./f.: exile dīmicō –āre –āvī/uī –ātus: fight extrā: outside (+acc.) disiciō –icere –iēcī –iectum: destroy, scatter dispālor –pālārī –pālātus sum: to wander around, — F — straggle dissideō –sidēre –sēdī –sessum: disagree, quarrel Fabius –i m.: Fabius distringō –stringere –strinxī –strictum: distract, ※ be busy facultās facultātis f.: willingness, readiness dīvīnus –a –um: divine Falernus –ī m.: Falernus (region in Campania, south of Rome) doctor doctōris m.: teacher, instructor fīctilis fīctile: made of clay, earthen domesticus –a –um: personal, private, domestic ※ fīdūcia –ae f.: trust, confidence duplex duplicis: double Flāminīnus –ī m.: Flamininus ※ foederō –āre: make an alliance or treaty — E — foedus foederis n.: treaty

fortitūdō fortitūdinis f.: strength, force, effugiō –fugere –fūgī –fugitum: escape manliness elephantus –ī m.: elephant fortuītō: by chance

ēnumerō –āre: enumerate, recount Fregellae –ārum f.: Fregellae (town in Latium, near Rome) equitātus equitātūs m.: cavalry frūstror frūstrārī frūstrātus sum: disappoint, ergā: towards, in relation to (+ acc.) ※ frustrate Etrūria –ae f.: Etruria (region in Italy, northwest of fundāmentum –ī n.: foundation Rome) Furius –ī m.: Furius etsī: although ※

Eumenēs Eumenis m.: Eumenes (II, king of — G — Pergamum in Asia Minor) ※ excēdō –cēdere –cessī –cessum: leave, withdraw exciō –īre –īvī –itum: dispatch, call, incite Gaius –ī m.: Gaius ※ exhauriō –haurīre –hausī –haustum: exhaust, Gallia –ae f.: Gaul deplete Geminus –ī m.: Geminus exitus exitūs m.: exit ※ Gnaeus –ī m.: Gnaeus expediō –pedīre –pedīvī –pedītum: extricate, set ※ free Gortȳnius –ī m.: inhabitant of Gortyn (a city in explicō –āre: unfold, explain Crete) ※ ※ Gracchus –ī: Gracchus explōrō –āre: investigate, inquire, put to the test

Graecus –a –um: Greek ※ ※ Grāius –a –um: Greek, Grecian expōscō –pōscere –popōscī: demand ※ expūgnō –āre: take by assault, storm — H — iniciō –icere –iēcī –iectum: inspire, cause, put in īnsciens īnscientis: ignorant, unaware

Hadrūmētum –ī n.: Hadrumetum (city in north īnsidiae –ārum f.: ambush ※

Africa, near Carthage) ※ īnsidior īnsidiārī īnsidiātus sum: ambush, lay a Hamilcar Hamilcaris m.: Hamilcar Barca trap (+dat.) intereō –īre –iī –itum: perish, die (Carthaginian general and father of Hannibal) ※ Hannibal Hannibalis m.: Hannibal interior interius: inner, more inward ※ ※ Hasdrubal Hasdrubalis m.: Hasdrubal (brother-in- interitus interitūs m.: ruin, destruction

law of Hannibal) ※ invictus –a –um: undefeaed Hercules Herculis m.: Hercules ※ irrīdeō –rīdēre –rīsī –rīsum: mock, make fun of hērēditās hērēditātis f.: inheritance Ītalia –ae f.: Italy ※ Hispānia –ae f.: Spain ※ Iuppiter Iovis m.: Jupiter hospitium –ī n.: hospitality iuvencus –ī m.: bull hostia –ae f.: victim, sacrifice — K — — I — Karthāginiensis Karthāginiensis: Carthaginian iānua –ae f.: door ※ Karthāgō Karthāginis f.: Carthage illūdō –lūdere –lūsī –lūsum: deceive, mock, ※ trick — L — immittō –mittere –mīsī –missum: send in Labeō Labeōnis m.: Labeo immolō –āre: sacrifice, offer as sacrifice Lacedaemonius –a –um: Spartan, impraesentiārum: at present Lacedaemonian imprūdēns imprūdentis: unaware, lacking lectīca –ae f.: litter foresight, imprudent libēns libentis: gladly, happily, willing incendō –cendere –cendī –censum: inflame, set Ligurēs Ligurum m.: Ligurians (a people in the fire to north-west coast of Italy) ※ Longus –ī m.: Longus incola –ae m./f.: inhabitant Lūcānī –ōrum m.: Lucanians, the region of incrēdibilis incrēdibile: unbelievable, incredible Lucania in southern Italy indigeō –digēre –diguī: be in need of, require Lucius –ī m.: Lucius (+gen.) ※ indūcō –dūcere –dūxī –ductum: lead in, entice

— M — ※ ineō –īre –iī –itum: go into, begin, undertake inermis inerme: unarmed magistrātus magistrātūs m.: magistrate ※ īnfitior īnfitiārī īnfitiātus sum: deny, contradict Māgo Māgōnis m.: Mago (brother of Hannibal) ※ Manlius –ī m.: Manlius oppleō –plēre –plēvī –plētum: fill up Marcellus –ī m.: Marcellus opprimō –primere –pressī –pressum: crush, ※ overpower Marcus –ī m.: Marcus ※ ※ ōrnātus –a –um: equipped, furnished Māximus –ī m.: Maximus memor memoris: mindful (+gen.) — P — mentiō mentiōnis f.: mention ※

Minucius –ī m.: Minucius Padus –ī m.: Padus River (major river in northern Italy; mortuus –a –um: dead

modern Po) ※ mūniō mūnīre mūnīvī mūnītum: build palam: openly ※

Pamphȳlius –a –um: of Pamphylia (region in — N — southern Asia Minor) passus passūs m.: step, pace five feet or patefaciō –facere –fēcī –factum:lay open nātiō nātiōnis f.: people, nation, race ※ paternus –a –um: fatherly, paternal naufragium –ī n.: shipwreck Paulus –ī m.: Paulus nauticus –a –um: naval ※ pedester pedestris pedestre: on foot, on land, of nāvālis nāvāle: naval infantry noctū: by night perfugiō –fugere –fūgī: flee novem: nine perfungor –fungī –functus sum: perform, endure Numida –ae m.: Numidian (a tribe in northern Africa) Pergamēnus –a –um: of Pergamum nūntiō –āre: report ※ persuādeō –suādēre –suāsī –suāsum: persuade — O — perterreō –terrēre –terruī –territum: terrify Philippus –ī m.: Phillip (V, king of Macedon) obdūcō –dūcere –dūxī –ductum: envelop, plumbum –ī n.: lead overspread Poenus –ī m.: Phoenician, Carthaginian ※ obiciō –icere –iēcī –iectum: oppose, set against polliceor –licērī –licitus sum: promise

※ Polybius –ī m.: Polybius obitus obitūs m.: death Pontus –ī m.: Pontus (kingdom in northeastern Asia obses obsidis m./f.: hostages ※ Minor) obsideō –sidēre –sēdī –sessum: besiege posteāquam: after obtrectātiō obtrectātiōnis f.: detraction, postulō –āre: ask for, demand, require ※ disparagement praeferō –ferre –tulī –lātum: prefer obviam: against praesum –esse –fuī: preside or take charge of omittō –mittere –mīsī –missum: neglect, omit (+dat.) ※ operiō operīre operuī opertum: cover over prīstinus –a –um: former prōdō –dere –didī –ditum: lead forth removeō –movēre –mōvī –mōtum: remove, dismiss profiteor –fitērī –fessus sum: declare publicly ※ renūntiō –āre: report proflīgō –āre: overwhelm, crush, defeat decisively repente : suddenly profugiō –fugere –fūgī: flee repentīnō: suddenly prōpatulum –ī n.: open courtyard rēpō rēpere rēpsī rēptum: crawl properē: quickly repōnō –pōnere –posuī –positum: place, deposit propinquus –a –um: near, neighboring (+dat.) ※ rescīscō –scīscere –scīvī –scītum: find out, get prōspiciō –spicere –spēxī –spectum: look out to know prōvideō –vidēre –vīdī –vīsum: prepare, make resistō –stere –stitī: resist, oppose ready ※ respōnsum –ī n.: response, reply prūdentia –ae f.: practical skill, intelligence ※ ※ Rhodanus –ī m.: Rhodanus River (major river in Prūsias –ae m.: Prusias (king of Bithynia) ※ southern Gaul; modern Rhône) ※ pūblicō –āre: confiscate Rhodius –a –um: of Rhodes (island in eastern Publius –ī m.: Publius ※ Mediterranean) ※ puerulus –ī m.: little boy rōbustus –a –um: strong puppis puppis f.: ship, stern Rōma –ae f.: Rome ※ Pȳrēnaeus –a –um: of the Pyrenees (mountain range Rōmānus –a –um: Roman between Hispania and Gaul) ※ ruber rubra rubrum: red — Q — Rūfus –ī m.: Rufus quamdiū: as long as — S — Quinctius –ī m.: Quinctius sacrificō –āre: make sacrifice, sacrifice quīnque: five ※ quīnquiēns: five times Saguntum –ī n.: Saguntum (town in eastern Spain)

Quintus –ī m.: Quintus saltus saltūs m.: mountain pass ※ ※ sarmentum –ī n.: twig, branch quod: because ※ saucius –a –um: wounded quotannīs: every year scapha –ae f.: small boat, skiff quotienscumque: however often, as often as Scīpiō Scīpiōnis m.: Scipio ※ sēgregō –āre: separate, exclude, remove — R — sēiungō –iungere –iūnxī –iūnctus: separate recūsō –āre: object, protest Sempronius –ī m.: Sempronius remittō –mittere –mīsī –missum: send back septuāgēsimus –a –um: seventieth serpēns serpentis f.: snake ※ Servilius –ī m.: Servilius — U — servulus –ī m.: young slave sētius: less, in a lesser degree ūniversus –a –um: all together

Sīlēnus –ī m.: Silenus utpote: namely ( ) reinforcing an explanation simulō –āre: pretend, put on the appearance of ūtrobīque: on both sides societās societātis f.: alliance Sōsylus –ī m.: Sosylus — V — ※ statua –ae f.: statue stultus –a –um: foolish valēns valentis: strong, powerful subigō –igere –ēgī –āctus: conquer, subdue valētūdō valētūdinis f.: health; illness sufficiō –ficere –fēcī –fectus: appoint to a vāllum –ī n.: rampart; protection magistracy in place of another vāsum –ī n.: vase, container Sulpicius –ī m.: Sulpicius ※ ※ vectīgal vectīgālis n.: tax, levy suspīciō suspīciōnis f.: mistrust, suspicion vēlum –ī n.: sail Syria –ae f.: Syria ※ venēnō –āre: poison

venēnum –ī n.: poison — T — Venusia –ae f.: Venusia (town in southern Italy)

vīcēsimus –a –um: twentieth tabellārius tabellāriī m.: letter-carrier, messenger vīgintī: twenty

※ vīvus –a –um: alive, living Tamphilus –ī m.: Tamphilus ※ ※ Volsō Volsōnis m.: Volso Terentius –ī m.:Terentius terror terrōris m.: terror — Z — Thermopylae –ārum f.: Thermopylae

Tiberis Tiberis m./f.: Tiber River Zama –ae f.: Zama Tiberius –ī m.: Tiberius (town southwest of Carthage) ※ ※ Titus –ī m.: Titus trādūcō –dūcere –dūxī –ductum: lead across

Trasumēnus –ī m.: Trasimene (lake in Etruria)

Trebia –ae f.: Trebia (river in Cisalpine Gaul; tributary of

the Po) ※ trecentī –ae –a: three hundred tribuō tribuere tribuī tribūtum: assign, grant triennium –ī n.: three year period