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Brunei Darussalam Di Bawah Kepemimpinan Sultan Bolkiah V

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Brunei Darussalam Di Bawah Kepemimpinan Sultan Bolkiah V BRUNEI DARUSSALAM DI BAWAH KEPEMIMPINAN SULTAN BOLKIAH V (1485-1524) SKRIPSI Diajukan kepada Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora untuk memenuhi Syarat mendapat Gelar Sarjana (S1) Humaniora OLEH: Ruliyadi NIM: 106022000921 JURUSAN SEJARAH DAN PERADABAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UIN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2011 M/1432 H i Abstrak Ruliyadi Brunei Darussalam Di bawah Kepemimpinan Sultan Bolkiah V (1485-1524 ) Brunei Darussalam terletak di pantai barat-laut pulau Kalimantan“ Borneo”, dan berbatasan dengan Serawak di sebelah barat daya, Sabah di sebelah timur laut, sedangkan di sebelah barat dan selatan berbatasan dengan negara Indonesia. Sedangkan bahasa yang digunakan ialah Melayu, China, dan Inggris. Adapun agama yang berlaku ialah Islam suni dan Bhuda. Ibu kota Brunei Darussalam adalah Bandar Sri Begawan. Brunei adalah sebuah negara kaya dengan sistem pemerintahan kesultanan. Brunei mempunyai sejarah yang panjang. Hal ini terbukti dengan adanya sumber-sumber sejarah yang menjelaskan keberadaannya sebelum menjadi sebuah kesultanan Brunei. Sejarah mencatat bahwa Brunei sudah ada abad ke-6 Masehi, Brunei di sebut dengan Po-li, Po-lo,Pu-ni dan Bunlai. Perkembangan Islam di Brunei mulai terlihat dari masuk Islamnya raja Awang Alak Betatar setelah menikah dengan putri raja Johor. Dan mengganti nama dengan Muhammad Shah. Kesultanan Brunei terus mengalami kemajuan terlebih masa Sultan Syarif Ali. Perkembangan kesultananan Brunei Darussalam dalam bidang ekonomi didukung dengan letak yang strategis dan alam yang sangat mendukung, pelabuhannya aman dari angin ribut dan menjadi tempat transit kapal-kapal asing. Kesultanan Brunei Darussalam mengalami puncak kemajuan pada masa Sultan Bolkiah V (1485-1524) ia terkenal dengan sebutan Nahkoda Ragam karna kegemarannya mengembara . Di bawah kepemimpinan Sultan Bolkiah V Brunei menjadi Negara maju bahkan meliputi Sulu dan Filipina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan lebih dalam bagaimana sejarah kesultanan Brunei Darussalam dan perkembangan Islam di Negara tersebut, menguraikan apa saja kemajuan ekonomi yang dicapai Kesultanan Brunei saat di pimpin oleh Sultan Bolkiah V . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis yang bersifat deskriftif analitis. Tahapan yang di tempuh dalam penelitian ini terdapat 4 tahapan, diantaranya: Heuristik (Pengumpulan data), Verifikasi (Kritik Sumber), Interpretasi (Analisis sejarah) dan Historiografi (Penulisan Sejarah). v Daftar Lampiran Lampiran 1 : Peta Negara Brunei Darussalam Lampiran 2 : Peta Brunei berdasarkan sejarah China Lampiran 3 : Peta alur perdagangan laut Brunei-China Lampiran 4 : Gambar Batu Tarsilah Lampiran 5 : Silsilah Sultan-sultan Brunei Darussalam Lampiran 6 : Gambar Kronologi Perkembangan Islam di Brunei Lampiran 7 : Silsilah Raja-raja Brunei Lampiran 8 : Gambar Makam Sultan Bolkiah V Lampiran 9 : Peta wilayah Brunei masa Sultan Bolkiah V Lampiran 10 : Gambar pedang si Bongkok Lampiran 11 : Peta Kedatangan Islam di Asia Tenggara Lampiran 12 : Gambar Batu Nisan Pu Zhong Min Lampiran 13 : Peta Brunei abad 17 India Timur vi KATA PENGANTAR Segala puja dan puji syukur kita haturkan kehadirat Allah SWT semata. Salawat serta salam senantiasa tercurahkan pada muara ilham, lautan ilmu yang tidak pernah larut yakni keharibaan baginda Nabi Muhammad SAW, serta keluarga, sahabat dan seluruh pengikutnya.Amin Tentunya dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini saya tidak semata berhasil dengan tenaga dan upaya sendiri namun banyak pihak yang telah berpartisipasi dalam terselesaikannya penulisan skripsi ini baik yang bersifat moril maupun materil, maka dengan ini sepatutnya penulis menyampaikan banyak terima kasih atas kerjasamanya dan dorongannya. Rasa terimah kasih yang begitu tinggi saya sampaikan kepada : 1. Dr. H. Abd Wahid Hasyim M.Ag selaku Dekan Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Drs. H. M. Ma’ruf Misbah MA, selaku Ketua Jurusan Sejarah dan Peradaban Islam dan Sholikatus Sa’diyah, M.Pd selaku Sekretaris Jurusan Sejarah dan Peradaban Islam UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Drs. H. M. Ma’ruf Misbah MA, selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang banyak sekali membantu dalam menyelesaikan penelitian ini. 4. Seluruh Dosen-dosen Jurusan Sejarah dan Peradaban Islam yang memberikan sumbangsih ilmu dan pengalamannya. 5. Seluruh Staff dan Pegawai Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. vii 6. Untuk kedua orangtuaku, Ibu dan Bapak yang telah memberikan perhatian dan curahan kasih sayangnya yang luar biasa, sehingga penulis selalu dapat termotivasi dan dapat menyelesaikan penelitian ini. 7. Kakak dan adik penulis, Omsih Sukaisih, Ali Sadikin, De umi azizah, Yogi, Yusron, Terimakasih atas semangat dan doanya. 8. Seluruh Kawan-kawan di Jurusan Sejarah dan Peradaban Islam khusunya angkatan 2006, Konsentrasi Asia Tenggara, dan Konsentrasi Timur Tengah terimakasih atas Saran, Kritik, serta bantuan moril yang tak terhingga sehingga penulis dengan mudah melewati waktu dalam menyusun skripsi ini. 9. Kawan- kawan KKN kelompok 8 dan Kawan-kawan ISMI (Ikatan Silaturahmi Alumni Al-Istighotsah), terimakasih atas kebersamaannya. Sekali lagi penulis ucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah banyak membantu dan mendukung serta membimbing dan mengarahkan Penulis hingga terselesaikannya skripisi ini. Penulis sadar bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna, maka dari itu semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat untuk pembaca sekalian dan dapat dimanfaatkan dengan baik. Ciputat, 19 Oktober 2011 Penulis viii DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul .............................................................................................. i Lembar Pengesahan .................................................................................... ii Pengesahan Panitia Ujian ..............................................................................iii Lembar Pernyataan ................................................................................... iv Abstrak ......................................................................................................... v Daftar Lampiran ......................................................................................... vi Kata Pengantar ......................................................................................... vii Daftar Isi ..................................................................................................... ix BAB I : Pendahuluan ............................................................................. 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah ......................................................... 1 B. Pembatasan dan Perumusan Masalah ...................................... 6 C. Tujuan dan Kegunaan Penelitian ............................................ 6 D. Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................... 7 E. Metode Penelitian .................................................................. 8 F. Sistematika Penulisan .......................................................... 10 BAB II Sejarah Berdirinya Kesultanan Brunei Darussalam A. Sejarah awal kesultanan Brunei Darussalam ......................... 11 1. Letak Geografis dan Sejarah berdirinya ............................. 11 B. Sejarah Masuknya Islam di Brunnei Darussalam ................... 16 1. Kondisi Sosial, Ekonomi dan keagamaan .......................... 16 2. Kedatangan dan Perkembangan Islam di Brunei ................ 18 ix BAB III Riwayat Hidup Sultan Bolkiah V A. Silsilah Keluarga ................................................................... 24 B. Pendidikan ............................................................................ 28 C. Kemashuran .......................................................................... 29 BAB IV Kiprah Sultan Bolkiah V di Brunei 1485-1524 A.Perluasan Wilayah ................................................................. 32 B. Proses Islamisasi ................................................................... 34 C. Kemajuan Bidang Ekonomi ................................................... 39 BAB IV Penutup A. Kesimpulan .......................................................................... 45 B. Saran .................................................................................... 47 Daftar Pustaka ........................................................................................... 49 Lampiran-lampiran x BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah Agama Islam diperkenalkan ke wilayah Asia Tenggara dan berkembang dalam bentuk yang sangat berbeda, Harus diakui bahwa di Asia Tenggara penyebaran Islam melalui media perdagangan dan sufi.1 Karakteristik terpenting Islam di Asia Tenggara itu adalah mempunyai watak yang damai, ramah dan toleran.2 Asia Tenggara adalah wilayah kepulauan yang letaknya sangat strategis untuk jalur perdagangan dan penyebaran Islam di kawasan Melayu. Islam sendiri datang di kawasan Melayu diperkirakan pada sekitar adab ke-7, kemudian mengalami perkembangan secara intensif yang diperkirakan terjadi mulai abad ke- 13.3 Kontak perdagangan ini menghasilkan tempat-tempat perniagaan, salah satunya ialah Malaka, Malaka adalah salah satu kerajaan besar di Asia Tenggara yang menjadi pusat perniagaan abad 13-14. Di samping sebagai pusat perniagaan, Malaka juga mengkonsolidasikan politiknya menjadi pusat bagi penyebaran Islam pada saat itu. Akan tetapi kekuasan Malaka tak bertahan lama, setelah orang-orang Portugis berhasil menjatuhkan Malaka pada tahun 1511. Hal ini membawa pengaruh besar terhadap perkembangan Islam di Nusantara dan khususnya Asia 1 Ira M lapidus.”Sejarah Sosial Umat Islam” Pt.Garafindo
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