Plantilla Tesis A4

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Plantilla Tesis A4 Striking the Balance of Powers: The Spanish Constitutional Court and the Battle for Public Support Fernando Gil-Porquet TESI DOCTORAL UPF / ANY 2018 DIRECTOR DE LA TESI Dr. Klaus-Jürgen Nagel DEPARTAMENT DE CIÈNCIES POLÍTIQUES I SOCIALS ii Als meus pares iii iv Agraïments El meu agraïment més sincer i reconeixement al meu director de tesi, el Dr. Klaus- Jürgen Nagel. Sense la seva paciència i els seus bons consells durant un llarg període de temps aquest treball no hauria arribat mai fins aquí. Si les tesis doctorals han de servir en primer lloc per formar científics, també crec que han de ser útils per tal de formar millors persones. En aquest sentit, la tasca del Dr. Nagel i de tants d’altres professors, investigadors, personal d’administració i serveis i companys d’estudis de doctorat de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra ha estat per mi un exemple de com la dedicació als altres, la vocació de servei públic i l’altruisme són essencials per intentar millorar la societat de la qual formem part, tot començant per mirar de millorar-se un mateix. La meva gratitud envers la Universitat Pompeu Fabra i el seu Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials té molts vessants. Un dels més destacats és haver-me donat l’oportunitat de col·laborar com a professor ajudant als graus de Dret i Ciències Polítiques. Cap tasca de les que he tingut oportunitat de desenvolupar fins ara en diferents àmbits professionals, organitzacions i països havien pogut donar-me tantes satisfaccions intel·lectuals i humanes. El tracte amb els meus companys de professorat i amb uns alumnes sempre curiosos, treballadors i plens de ganes d’aprendre m’ha enriquit extraordinàriament. Per aquesta experiència, a tot ells el meu agraïment. Gràcies a tots els professors, investigadors i companys del Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials que han ajudat a millorar aquest treball amb la seva orientació i comentaris. La participació en el programa de doctorat m’ha donat l’oportunitat de conèixer professors, investigadors i alumnes d’altres universitats arreu. Molts d’aquests han tingut també l’amabilitat de dedicar desinteressadament el seu temps a donar-me la seva opinió sobre els molts esborranys que han portat a aquest producte final. Tot això només ha estat possible gràcies als meus pares, als quals no podré agrair mai prou tot el seu esforç i sacrifici. Aquest text està dedicat a ells. v vi Abstract By examining the framing that political actors made of the upcoming landmark LOAPA, Rumasa and abortion decisions issued by the Spanish Constitutional Court between 1980 and 1983, its influence on public debate and the final rulings, this thesis analyses the impact of external pressure on a new constitutional court using a process- tracing methodology. The research question addressed is whether strategic considerations, and more specifically, the preservation and enhancement of the Court’s legitimacy had a significant influence on the three decisions. It is hypothesised that politicians successfully constrained the Court’s choices by threatening its capital of public support. The thesis argues that both the risk of having its legitimacy eroded and the wider political consequences of the rulings had a decisive influence on the decisions taken by the Court. The results support theories positing that when adjudicating in salient cases, strategic concerns have a significant influence in constitutional courts decisions. It further sheds light on the challenges new constitutional courts face when in the process of building their legitimacy and trying to establish themselves as respected arbiters. vii viii Resum Mitjançant una metodologia de rastreig de processos (process-tracing) aquesta tesi analitza l’impacte de la pressió externa exercida sobre un nou tribunal constitucional examinant l’enfocament (framing) que van portar a terme els actors polítics sobre les històriques sentències de la LOAPA, Rumasa i de l’avortament adoptades pel Tribunal Constitucional Espanyol entre els anys 1980 i 1983, la influència d’aquest enfocament sobre el debat públic i les pròpies sentències. La pregunta de recerca plantejada és si consideracions de tipus estratègic, i més concretament, la preservació i increment de la legitimitat del Tribunal varen tenir una influència significativa sobre les decisions finalment adoptades. Es formula la hipòtesi que els polítics varen ser capaços de restringir les possibilitats d’acció dels jutges posant en risc el capital de suport popular del Tribunal. La tesi argüeix que tant el risc de veure la seva legitimitat disminuïda com les conseqüències polítiques generals de les sentències varen tenir una influència decisiva sobre les decisions preses pel Tribunal. Els resultats donen suport a les teories que postulen que, quan decideixen en casos de gran importància, les consideracions de caràcter estratègic tenen una influència significativa sobre les decisions dels tribunals constitucionals. A més, contribueix a aclarir els reptes als quals s’enfronten els nous tribunals constitucionals quan es troben en el procés de construir la seva legitimitat i intenten establir-se com àrbitres respectats. ix Table of Contents Agraïments..……………………………………….………………………….…………v Abstract .……………………………………………….…………………….………...vii Resum...…………………………………………………………………….…………...ix 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 General Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Theoretical framework .............................................................................................. 6 a) Legalistic model ........................................................................................................... 6 b) Attitudinal model ......................................................................................................... 8 c) Institutionalist models .................................................................................................. 9 d) Integrated models ....................................................................................................... 11 e) The role of public opinion .......................................................................................... 15 1.3 Methodological framework ..................................................................................... 26 a) Process-tracing ........................................................................................................... 29 b) Research design .......................................................................................................... 36 d) Case selection ............................................................................................................. 42 e) Note on repetition ....................................................................................................... 48 2. DECENTRALISING UNDER PRESSURE: THE SPANISH CONSTITUTIONAL COURT AND THE LOAPA RULING ..................................... 51 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 51 2.2 Research design ....................................................................................................... 57 2.3 Political context of the LOAPA .............................................................................. 60 2.4 Framing the debate, constraining the Court (part 1) ................................................ 66 2.5 The LOAPA ruling (part 2) ..................................................................................... 76 2.6 Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 82 3. BETWEEN A ROCK AND A HARD PLACE: THE SPANISH CONSTITUTIONAL COURT AND THE RUMASA RULING ................................. 89 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 89 3.2 Research design ....................................................................................................... 95 3.3 Political and economic context of the Rumasa expropriation ................................. 98 3.4 Framing the debate, constraining the Court (part 1) .............................................. 101 3.5 The Rumasa ruling (part 2) .................................................................................... 113 3.6 Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 120 4. FOLLOWING THE SCRIPT: THE SPANISH CONSTITUTIONAL COURT AND THE 1985 ABORTION RULING .................................................................... 127 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 127 4.2 Research design ..................................................................................................... 132 4.3 Political and social context of the 1983 abortion bill ............................................ 136 4.4 Framing the debate, constraining the Court (part 1) .............................................. 140 4.5 The abortion bill ruling (part 2) ............................................................................. 154 4.6 Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 162 5. CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................
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