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Network Centric Warfare in Western Iraq

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Network Centric Warfare in Western Iraq Network Centric Warfare in Western Iraq COL(R) Fred Stein Anders Fjellstedt © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Agenda Background - Western Iraq Theater – Missions – Organizations – Metrics NCW in the Western Theater Findings Conclusions and Recommendations Summary © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Tenets of NCW… the New Value Chain Tenets of NCW: A Hypothesis Regarding Sources of Power • A Robustly Networked Force Improves Information Sharing • Information Sharing And Collaboration Enhances the Quality of Information and Shared Situational Awareness • Shared Situational Awareness Enables Collaboration and Self Synchronization and Enhances Sustainability and Speed of Command • These in Turn Dramatically Increase Mission Effectiveness Quality of New Mission Information Processes Effectiveness Shared Robustly Self Information Situational Networked Awareness Synchronization Force Sharing Information Cognitive + Physical Collaboration Domain Social Domains Domain © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Impressions “I was already familiar with the term…network centric warfare. Sitting in the JOC [Joint Operations Center] one day and I said ‘wow this is network centric warfare.’” – COL Robert Green, USA SOF Linked Systems © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved OIF Theaters Northern Western Southern Southern © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Western Theater SOF Air Force © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Western Theater Battlefield Characterization • Controlled by Air Component Commander (ACC) • Special Operation / Air Force focus • Non-contiguous --- non-linear • Non-traditional linkages of infrastructure networks supported… • COIs which supported… • Non traditional missions and TTP • XATK • NTISR • Economy of force (500 : 10,000 Iraqis) XATK: On Call Attack NTISR: Non-Traditional Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance COI: Community of Interest © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Western Iraq Missions Primary: C-TBM in Western Iraq – Identified by National Command Authority as top strategic priority – Keep Israel out of the war – Keep the Coalition intact – Prevent Mid-East meltdown Secondary: CAS in support of SOF – 410 AEW fighters + other air + SOF + ISR + CAOC TST / C2 – XATK (F-16C+, A-10, GR-7) with inherent Non Traditional Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (NTISR) and TST TTP Supporting missions: – Combat Search and Rescue: HH-60s + HC-130s + PJs – Traditional ISR: PR-9s – Destruction of enemy air defenses (DEAD) a1 C-TBM: Counter Tactical Ballistic Missile CAOC: Combat Air Operations Center AEW: Air Expeditionary Wing TST: Time Sensitive Targeting CAS: Close Air Support TTP: Tactics, Techniques and Procedures © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Slide 8 a1 WHAT? anders, 9/21/2005 Western Iraq Missions Counter-SCUD “While prosecuting the highest percentage of dynamic target strikes and had absolutely zero incidents of fratricide and injury Time Sensitive Targetingdue to friendly fire.” – COL Robert Green “The counter-SCUD time sensitive targeting operation in western Iraq Reduced“50 percent Fratricide of the time, the wasreason the weclosest knew anthing aircraft to a went “If it was a joint force truedown Network -- which isCentric important for us commanders' TST…all the other operationwith our rescuethat thesupport… US was components as well as the militarybecause haswe had conducted a guy staring to at headquarters had visibility.” nine different chat rooms.” – – LTC Backes, USAF date.”LTC White, USAF – COL Robert Green Search and Rescue © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved OIF Organization CFHQ JTFX CFACC CFLCC CUSOTF OGA 1 MEF 3 ID General A.F. Western Iraq W-JFACC 410th AEW SOF US UK US UK AUS © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Western Theater Forces CFHQ 410th AEW CAOC SOF SADL JTFX CFACC CFLCC CUSOTF OGA Unit Organization Equipment 35 Coalition SOF Teams 1 MEF 3 ID 120thGeneral EFS A.F. CO ANG 18 F-16C+ 160th EFS AL ANG 18 F-16C+ 466th EFS Hill AFR 6 F-16C+ Western IraqF-15 Link-16 131st EFS MAW-JFACC ANG 24 A/O A-10 AWACS ACC Rescue 6 HH-60 C-130 ACC Rescue 4 HC-130 ISR Platforms 410th AEW SOF 38th E Rescue SQ. 40 Technicians Other Army Support 3rd SQD. RAF 8 GR-7 Harriers National Guard Armor US UK US UKCompany AUS 39th RECON RAF 3 PR-9 Canberras Army Artillery (Missile) © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved NCW Value Chain Quality of New Mission Information Processes Effectiveness Shared Robustly Self Information Situational Networked Awareness Synchronization Force Sharing Information Cognitive + Physical Collaboration Domain Social Domains Domain © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Metrics – Network Centric Operations Systems Degree of Networking Connectivity of systems, Organizational Degree of Networking whether one sends and Reliability of Networking receives information Quality of Interaction Human connectivity between Trust in Information organizations (*training*) Degree of Sharing with People Bridges gap between Correctness of Picture individual and shared Awareness of Critical Battlespace Elements information Completeness of Battlespace Awareness Shared Understanding Amount of knowledge Dynamic Targets for each element Counter-SCUD Reduced Fratricide Number of elements Search and Rescue for which one has knowledge © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Study Metrics Systems Degree of Networking Organizational Degree of Networking Statistical Reliability of Networking Western Theater NCW Metrics Quality of Interaction Systems Degree of Networking Organizational Degree of Shared Understanding Trust in Information Networking Completeness of BA Reliability of Network Degree of Sharing with People 0 Awareness of Critical BA Quality of Interaction Correctness of Picture Elements Correctness of Picture Trust in Information Degree of Sharing with Awareness of Critical Battlespace Elements People Baseline OIF Western Completeness of Battlespace Awareness Shared Understanding Statistics later… Dynamic Targets Counter-SCUD Reduced Fratricide Search and Rescue © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Study Metrics Systems Degree of Networking Organizational Degree of Networking Reliability of Networking Quality of Interaction Trust in Information Degree of Sharing with People Correctness of Picture Average 9 min for TST Awareness of Critical Battlespace Elements No SCUDs launched Completeness of Battlespace Awareness No air-ground fratricide Shared Understanding Classified but successful SAR Dynamic Targets Counter-SCUD Reduced Fratricide Observed Search and Rescue © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Western Iraq: Full-Spectrum Innovation Technology + Technology Innovations – Battle Field Universal Gateway Equipment (BUG-E): Q Provided connectivity + data link translations – SADL, Link – 16, SIPRnet, TACSAT – TBMCS, ADOCS, mIRC, FBCB2, IMTDS Process Innovations – Targeting – Non-Traditional ISR Organizational Innovations – C2 Relationships – Intel Cells to support Non-Traditional ISR Impact on Operations – Decreased Engagement Timelines Reachback – Zero “Blue on Blue” Fratricide © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Integrated Air-Ground Operations: Key NCW Relationships Cognitive & Social Domains Individual Situational Decision Making Information Awareness Sharing Shared “Networked” Common Situational Mission Force “Picture” Awareness Effectiveness Quality of Information Self Information Collaboration Synchronization Physical Domain Domain © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Networking Networks with Deployable Gateways Existing Networks – Situational Awareness Data Link – SADL Q Air-to-Ground Q Air-to-Air – Link-16 - Air-to-Air – SIPRnet – Wide Area network New Gateway – Battlefield Universal Gateway Equipment – BUG-E © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved Networking Networks with Deployable Gateways GB Request for Blue Force Position support SADL BUG-E combines LINK-16 Network targeting info with SOF Network positions already on hand (no-latency) Request for BUG-E as Platform to transmission engage relay TOC BUG-E target SOF ADSI: Air Defense System Integrator GB: Grenadier BRAT GCCS: Global Command and Control System Broker ADSI GCCS ROC: Remote Operations Center TBMCS: Theater Battle Management Core System TOC: Tactical Operation Center SIPRNET GCCS-AF / TBMCS © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved W-JFACC 410th AEW AOC Networking Networks with Deployable Gateways L-band Satellite Blue Force Blue Force Position Position SADL LINK-16 Network Network BUG-E FBCB2/L-band Equipped Platforms ADSI: Air Defense System Integrator FBCB2: Force 21 Battle Command, Brigade + Below FBCB2 L-band GCCS: Global Command and Control System Broker ADSI GCCS TBMCS: Theater Battle Management Core System SIPRNET GCCS-AF / TBMCS © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved W-JFACC 410th AEW AOC Networking Networks with Deployable Gateways ISR Target Track SADL LINK-16 Network Network Target Track BUG-E ADSI: Air Defense System Integrator GCCS: Global Command and Control System TBMCS: Theater Battle Management Core System Broker ADSI GCCS SIPRNET GCCS-AF / TBMCS © 2006 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved W-JFACC 410th AEW AOC Gateway Vignette CAOC SADL NETWORK Target Track ADOCS IMTDS TBMCS Link-16 NETWORK SOF position TST Cell (no latency) JRE Target H Track Broker Link 16 Link 16 UAV Enemy Friendly Target Ground SOF
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