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Characterization of Hessian Fly from Israel Alisha J Johnson Purdue University

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Characterization of Hessian Fly from Israel Alisha J Johnson Purdue University Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations Spring 2015 Characterization of Hessian fly from Israel Alisha J Johnson Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Entomology Commons, and the Molecular Biology Commons Recommended Citation Johnson, Alisha J, "Characterization of Hessian fly from Israel" (2015). Open Access Dissertations. 480. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/480 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School Form 30 Updated 1/15/2015 PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Alisha J. Johnson Entitled CHARACTERIZATION OF HESSIAN FLY FROM ISRAEL For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Is approved by the final examining committee: Richard H. Shukle Ming-Chen Shun Chair Brandon J. Schemerhorn Jeffery J. Stuart To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Thesis/Dissertation Agreement, Publication Delay, and Certification Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy of Integrity in Research” and the use of copyright material. Approved by Major Professor(s): Richard H. Shukle Approved by: J. Steve Yaninek 4/22/2015 Head of the Departmental Graduate Program Date i CHARACTERIZATION OF HESSIAN FLY FROM ISRAEL A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Alisha J. Johnson In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2015 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii For those who need reminded to “Always keep fighting” iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge my contributors who aided in these projects through the collection or rearing of Hessian fly samples, statistical calculations, and molecular analyses: Hossam E.M. Abdel Moniem, G. Dave Buntin, Sue Cambron, Kathy L. Flanders, P. Francis Reay-Jones, Rajan Katoch, Dominic Reisig, Richard Smith, Subhashree Subramanyam, Sanvesh Srivasta, and Phyllis Weintraub. I would also like to thank my Committee members for their support and guidance: Drs. Richard Shukle, Brandon Schemerhorn, Ming-Shun Chen, and Jeffery Stuart. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................1 1.2 References ................................................................................................12 CHAPTER 2. BIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF HESSIAN FLY (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) FROM ISRAEL ............................... 19 2.1 Abstract ....................................................................................................20 2.2 Introduction ..............................................................................................21 2.3 Materials and Methods .............................................................................24 2.4 Results ......................................................................................................31 2.5 Discussion ................................................................................................35 2.6 Conclusions ..............................................................................................43 2.7 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................44 2.8 References ................................................................................................45 2.9 Tables .......................................................................................................52 2.10 Figures ......................................................................................................58 CHAPTER 3. DIFFERENTICAL EXPRESSION OF CANDIDATE SALIVARY EFFECTOR PROTEINS IN FIELD COLLECTION OF HESSIAN FLY, MAYETIOLA DESTRUCTOR ............................................................................................................. 62 3.1 Abstract ....................................................................................................63 3.2 Introduction ..............................................................................................64 3.3 Results ......................................................................................................66 3.4 Discussion ................................................................................................71 3.5 Conclusion ...............................................................................................76 v Page 3.6 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................76 3.7 Experimental Procedures .........................................................................77 3.8 References ................................................................................................84 3.9 Tables .......................................................................................................90 3.10 Figures ......................................................................................................92 CHAPTER 4. GENETIC INHERITANCE AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRULENCE IN AN ISRAELI POPULATION OF HESSIAN FLY (MAYETIOLA DESTRUCTOR) TO RESISTANCE GENE H13 IN WHEAT ............................................................................................................. 96 4.1 Abstract ....................................................................................................97 4.2 Introduction ..............................................................................................98 4.3 Results ....................................................................................................101 4.4 Discussion ..............................................................................................104 4.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................107 4.6 Acknowledgements ................................................................................108 4.7 Experimental Procedures .......................................................................108 4.8 References ..............................................................................................115 4.9 Tables .....................................................................................................119 4.10 Figures ....................................................................................................122 CHAPTER 5. USE OF FEMALE PHEROMONE BAITED TRAPS AND MOLECULAR MARKERS TO ASSESS VIRULENCE IN FIELD POPULATIONS OF HESSIAN FLY (DIPTERA: cECIDOMYIIDAE) TO RESISTANCE GENE H13 IN WHEAT ........................................................................................................... 124 5.1 Abstract ..................................................................................................125 5.2 Introduction ............................................................................................126 5.3 Materials and Methods ...........................................................................128 5.4 Results and Discussion ...........................................................................129 5.5 Acknowledgements ................................................................................132 5.6 References ..............................................................................................133 5.7 Tables .....................................................................................................136 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................... 138 VITA ........................................................................................................... 161 vi LIST OF TABLES Table .............................................................................................................................. Page Table 2.1. Wright’s FST for coxI from Hessian fly ........................................................... 52 Table 2.2. Virulence analysis of Hessian fly from Israel .................................................. 53 Table 2.3. Microsatellite statistics listed by locus for each population ............................ 54 Table 2.4. Wright’s FST scores for microsatellite data and distance between sample locations ............................................................................................................................ 57 Table 3.1. Validation of secreted salivary gland protein (SSGP) transcript abundance from the microarray analysis by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) ........................ 90 Table 4.1. X2 goodness of fit test results for both the genetic crosses studying the genetic control of virulence to H13 in Israel and complementation of virulence in Israel and the United
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