Frontiers in Life Science (Volume III) (ISBN: 978-81-953600-3-1) Editors Dr. Babita Rana Dr. Ninad S. Dharkar Department of Botany, Department of Botany, G. N. Khalsa College, S. P. M. Science and Matunga, Mumbai, Gilani Arts, Commerce College, M.S., India Ghatanji, Dist. Yavatmal M.S., India Dr. Swati N. Zodpe Dr. Ganesh C. Nikalje Department of Microbiology, PG Department of Botany, Shri. Shivaji College of Arts, Seva Sadan’s R. K. Talreja College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Science and Commerce, Akola, M.S., India Ulhasnagar, M.S., India 2021 First Edition: 2021 ISBN: 978-81-953600-3-1 Copyright reserved by the publishers Publication, Distribution and Promotion Rights reserved by Bhumi Publishing, Nigave Khalasa, Kolhapur Despite every effort, there may still be chances for some errors and omissions to have crept in inadvertently. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. The views and results expressed in various articles are those of the authors and not of editors or publisher of the book. Published by: Bhumi Publishing, Nigave Khalasa, Kolhapur 416207, Maharashtra, India Website: www.bhumipublishing.com E-mail: [email protected] Book Available online at: https://www.bhumipublishing.com/books/ PREFACE “Science knows no country, because knowledge belongs to humanity, and is the torch which illuminates the world.” – Louis Pasteur Life Sciences is about seeking answers to fundamental questions in biology about the origin, diversity, organisms, ecology, evolution, environment and, seeing how such understanding can be put together into an applied perspective. This book entitled, Frontiers in life sciences (Volume III) is a compilation of a wide range of topics from biodiversity to environment covering different disciplines of life sciences. Several aspects like composition of pteridophytes, gall midges of India, remote sensing, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, tissue culture of medicinal plants, pest management, bioremediation, epidemic diseases, biotechnology, biofuel production, mushroom cultivation and bird diversity. The third volume of this book series, comprises of 17 chapters, covering Pteridophytic diversity in the Koppa Taluka of Central Western Ghats ( South India), Cold stress induced biometric and biochemical changes in the fenugreek seeds, an overview on Plant quarantine- , Tissue culture techniques of medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica, Taxonomic work of the gall midges in India, Importance of Mushroom, Role of ladybird beetles (coccinellidae: coleoptera) for the management of sucking pests in different ecosystems. The range of topics also include L- carnitine as a mitochondria based nutraceutical against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases, Acid tolerance marker of the probiotic bacteria at molecular level, Entomopathogenic microorganisms as biopesticides, Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis and Bird diversity of educational campus. The collection has some additional topics of relevance to energy and environment, which include, Bioremediation potential of nitrogen fixing bacteria, Remote sensing studies of the environment and biodiversity, White pollution of marine ecosystem: a global tragedy for our oceans and sea life, Biotechnology- for innovations in sustainable aquaculture and fishery, Comparative study of micro algae in production of biodiesel at laboratory condition. I hope this book will be useful for the undergraduate, post graduate students and Ph.D. Scholars, researchers, and faculties of Botany, Zoology, Biotechnology, life science, Microbiology, Biochemistry department. I am thankful to all contributors for their valuable work. I thank all the contributors to this book volume 3 for sending their articles in time. My special thanks and appreciation to Bhumi Publications and process manager/author services manager, for their help in bringing out the book. - Editorial Team Frontiers in Life Science (Volume III) (ISBN: 978-81-953600-3-1) CONTENTS Sr. No. Chapter and Author(s) Page No. 1 Pteridophytic Composition in Koppa Taluk, 1 – 10 Central Western Ghats, South India Parashurama T. R, J. Deepa, Girish K. G and Prakash Kariyajjanavar 2 Biometric and Biochemical Analyses In 11 – 18 The Fenugreek Seeds Exposed To Cold Stress M. G. Ashwathi, P. Deepasri and M. Poonkothai 3 Plant Quarantine- An Overview 19 – 25 R. S. Deshmukh 4 Tissue Culture Techniques of Medicinal 26 – 42 Plant Plumbago zeylanica Singh Noopur and M Praveen Kumar 5 Role of Ladybird Beetles (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) 43 – 48 For The Management of Sucking Pests In Different Ecosystems Kshitiz, Vinod Kumar Dubey and Radha Koranga 6 L- Carnitine As A Mitochondria Based Nutraceutical Against 49 – 64 Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Neurodegenerative Diseases - A Mini Review Jyothsna Karanth and Jamuna M. 7 Bioremediation Potential of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria 65 – 83 Hemlata Bhosale and Sakshi Khode 8 Acid Tolerance Marker of The Probiotic Bacteria 84 – 94 At Molecular Level – A Review Deeksha Sharma, Suman Kapila and Rajeev Kapila 9 Entomopathogenic Microorganisms As 95 – 100 Biopesticides: A Review Anupama Prabhakarrao Pathak, Mukundraj Govindrao Rathod, Ashwini Mahaling Devarshe, Mahesh Rajkumar Hundekar, Shivani Anil Tengse and Gautam Tanaji Kamble 10 Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of 101 – 109 Mucormycosis – A Review Sanyukta Kardekar and Narayan D. Totewad 11 Remote Sensing Studies of the 110 – 118 Environment and Biodiversity Sakshi Walker and Jai Kumar 12 White Pollution of Marine Ecosystem: 119 – 123 A Global Tragedy for Our Oceans and Sea Life Adhira M Nayar, Asha V. G. and Deepasree M. I. 13 Biotechnology - For Innovations In 124 – 131 Sustainable Aquaculture And Fishery J. P. Sarwade, R. V. Kshirsagar and S. J. Mankar 14 Taxonomic Work of The Gall Midges In India 132 – 135 K. A. Ahad Najam 15 Comparative Study of Micro Algae In Production of 136 – 149 Biodiesel At Laboratory Condition Y. K. Gawai and S. T. Naphade 16 Importance of Mushroom 150 – 152 S. S. Patil 17 Checklist of Birds Diversity of Shivraj College Campus 153 – 163 Gadhinglaj, District Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India K. J. Adate, V. M. Deshmukh and S. N. Asode Frontiers in Life Science (Volume III) ISBN: 978-81-953600-3-1 Pteridophytic Composition in Koppa Taluk, Central Western Ghats, South India Parashurama T. R1,2*, J. Deepa2, Girish K.G2,3 and Prakash Kariyajjanavar2,4 ¹Department of Botany, Kumadvathi First Grade College, Shivamogga 2Panchavati Research Academy for Nature, Kalamanji, Linganamakki, Sagara, Shivamogga 3Department of Environmental Science, L.B and S.B.S. College, Sagara, Shivamogga 4Department of P.G Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India *Corresponding authors E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Pteridophytes are vascular cryptograms reside of transitional position between bryophytes and spermatophytes and were the first plants to widely colonize the terrestrial ecosystem. In the present research work, forty six species of pteridophytes belonging to nineteen families were documented through distribution study in the forests of Koppa taluk, Chikmagalur district of Central Western Ghats. Adiantum philippense L was observed as higher importance value index followed by Thelypteris dentata (Forsk.) E.P.St.John., Pteris biaurita L, Adiantum raddianum C.Presl, Selaginella delicatula (Desv.ex Poir) Alston and Blechnum orientale L. The Shannon‘s diversity index value (H1) and Simpson‘s diversity (D) values for pteridophytic species were indicated high diversity and species richness. The extensive deforestation and habitat fragmentation in this region may pose serious threat to growth of pteridophytic communities. In this context, documentation and distribution studies of pteridophytic diversity are essential for conservation of threatened species. Keywords: Diversity indices, conservation, pteridophytes, Western Ghats Introduction: India is diversified with rich pteridophytic flora due to its varied topographical climatic conditions and geographical position. About 9% world Pteridophytic species are found in India. In India, many detailed pteridophytic survey have been reported by Beddome (1883, 1892) to Fraser Jenkins (2010) filled the large lacuna in our knowledge relating to the pteridology. Dixit 1 Bhumi Publishing, India (1984) has reported 1050 species and Chandra et al. (2008) put the number of pteridophytic species at 1150 from India. Later, Fraser Jenkins (2010) revised pteridophytic numbers to 1000 species in India including pteridophytes of Arunachal Pradesh (Fraser-Jenkins & Benniamin, 2010). Khullar (1994, 2000) listed 360 species of pteridphytes from Western Himalaya with 399 pteridophytes given by Fraser-Jenkins (2010). According to Manickam and Irudayaraj, (1992) Western Ghats supported 349 species out of 1100 to 1200 species of fern and fern allies in India. In Central Western Ghats, Karnataka region has richest pteridophytic diversity including Chikmagalur district (Sukumaran et al., 2008, 2009; Deepa et al., 2011, 2013a, 2013b ; Nataraja et al., 2011, Parashurama et al., 2016, Fatima and Nandashree, 2019). The present study was under taken for fulfill the lacuna of information relating to the composition and distribution of different taxa of pteridophytes in forest region of Koppa taluk. Materials and Methods: Study area: The study