Spitzbergen. Vom Denken Und Handeln Im Eis

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Spitzbergen. Vom Denken Und Handeln Im Eis 1 Feature / Hörspiel / Hintergrund Kultur Das Feature Spitzbergen Vom Denken und Handeln im Eis Von Gaby Hartel Produktion: Dlf 2019 Erstsendung: Freitag, 26. April 2019, 20:10 Uhr Redaktion: Tina Klopp Regie: Matthias Kapohl Es sprachen: Sören Wunderlich, Louis Friedemann Thiele, Andreas Meidinger, Sigrid Burkholder, Naghme Alaei und die Autorin Ton und Technik: Wolfgang Rixius und Jens Müller Urheberrechtlicher Hinweis Dieses Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt und darf vom Empfänger ausschließlich zu rein privaten Zwecken genutzt werden. Die Vervielfältigung, Verbreitung oder sonstige Nutzung, die über den in §§ 44a bis 63a Urheberrechtsgesetz geregelten Umfang hinausgeht, ist unzulässig. © - unkorrigiertes Exemplar - 2 Regie: Atmo Field Recordings Benjamin Vidmar, O-Ton: Well, this place has a very transient population, and people come and go very often. A K Dolven, O-Ton: Wir haben viel diskutiert. Das ist nicht nur ein Kunsttourismus, das ist ein Wechsel zwischen Geben und Lernen und Zuhören und, klar, das diskutieren wir auch mit den Organisationen, die Künstler einladen. Chris, O-Ton: You meet so many more people, and you have so many different insights. Pal Berge, O-Ton: And as you might know the coal age in Svalbard, in Spitzbergen, is about to change. That gives us a quite fascinating challenge: what to do with this place. Übersetzer: Sie wissen ja, dass das Kohle-Zeitalter in Spitzbergen zu Ende geht. Und darum stehen wir jetzt vor der aufregenden Herausforderung: was machen wir mit all dem hier. Kelsey, O-Ton: Yeah, of course I think about that often. It’s so easily romanticized here. Übersetzerin: Klar, denke ich oft daran, wie schnell man das Ganze hier zu romantisch sieht. 3 A K Dolven, O-Ton: Die Königin bedeutet sehr viel für die Menschen hier oben und die Menschen bedeuten auch sehr viel für die Königin. Königin Sonja von Norwegen, O-Ton: 1:41:595 - 1:52:368 Übersetzerin: Was ist das, Svalbard? Licht, Landschaft, Stille, Unendlichkeit. Regie: Sound Mix Ansage: Spitzbergen. Vom Denken und Handeln im Eis Ein Feature von Gaby Hartel Katya Garcia-Anton, O-Ton: And the other thing to say also is that, you know, Svalbard is a very precious Archipelago. Übersetzerin: Der Archipel ist ja auch wirtschaftlich von größtem Interesse. Kelsey, O-Ton: Yeah, I go back and forth in my mood about how I feel about this place (lacht). Übersetzerin: Ich bin hin- und hergerissen, was mein Gefühl über Spitzbergen angeht. 4 Autorin: Es muss die Luft sein. Dieses trockene, beizende, klirrend kalte Element, das mich schockartig trifft. Eben noch bin ich im Anflug auf Spitzbergen über die samtweichen, verschneiten Hügel geglitten, über durch Packeis und Fjorde gegliedertes Wasser und blasstürkisfarbene Gletscher. Und jetzt, nach dem ersten Schritt aus der Glashalle des Flughafens heraus, greift die Luft nach mir, gleißendes Licht treibt mir Tränen in die Augen, die Nasenschleimhaut prickelt. Atmo Eine euphorisierende Frische überfällt mich und fast auch ein Gefühl der Erhabenheit, das ich doch um jeden Preis vermeiden wollte: Nur nicht sentimental werden und einen kühlen Kopf bewahren hier auf Spitzbergen, dem Archipel am nördlichsten Ende der bewohnten Welt. Einer Gegend in der Arktis, die derzeit so umschwärmt und vielleicht auch umkämpft ist, wie kaum eine andere. Atmo Katya Garcia-Anton, O-Ton: But, you know: Svalbard is the most amazing place […] […] That’s a huge challenge. Autorin: Katya Garcia-Anton sitzt an einem kleinen Glastisch in ihrem Büro. Sonst gibt es nirgendwo Platz in diesem schmalen Industriebau: Der Schreibtisch ist mit Papieren übersät, und selbst auf dem Boden stapeln sich Kataloge, Werkzeuge und Kisten mit Kunstwerken. Übersetzerin: Spitzbergen ist ein unbeschreiblicher Flecken, kann manchmal aber auch selbst sein größter Feind sein. Und zwar dann, wenn die massiven Interessen 5 von Macht, Politik und Wirtschaft das Denken behindern. Das ist eine sehr große Herausforderung. Autorin: Ausbeutung der Natur hat Tradition, seit Willem Barents 1596 als erster Europäer die Inselgruppe zu Gesicht bekam. Zunächst betrieb man intensiv Wal-, Robben-, Walross- und Eisbärenfang, später dann Kohleabbau. 1920 wurde der Archipel im Spitzbergenvertrag Norwegen zugeschrieben, doch theoretisch haben alle 46 Unterzeichnerstaaten Abbaurechte in diesem Teil der Welt, der strategisch so günstig zwischen Russland und dem Nordatlantik liegt. In Zeiten der schmelzenden Eiskappe am Nordpol steigt das internationale Interesse an den Bodenschätzen, die hier liegen. Norwegen positioniert sich in diesem Rennen um Ressourcen und Handelswege anders als etwa Dänemark, Kanada oder Russland und eröffnete 2017 mit „Artica Svalbard“ ein ambitioniertes Artist-in Residence- Programm. Bis zu elf nationale und internationale KünstlerInnen und SchriftstellerInnen erhalten jährlich die Möglichkeit, sich drei bis neun Monate lang hier aufzuhalten, hier zu arbeiten und sich den Fragen dieser außergewöhnlichen Umgebung und damit auch den Fragen unserer Zeit zu stellen. Katya Garcia-Anton, O-Ton: We wanted to reach out to diverse sets of publics. Autorin: Garcia-Anton ist Direktorin von OCA, dem „Office for Contemporary Art“, und leitet damit eine der Institutionen, die neben dem Queen Sonja Print Award und der norwegischen Schriftstellervereinigung PEN, die Künstler und Künstlerinnen auswählt und hierhin entsendet. Wir unterhalten uns darüber, 6 wie OCA das Stipendiatenprogramm mit der Konferenz „Thinking at the Edge of the World“ vorbereitete. Katya Garcia-Anton, O-Ton: People who are living in the archipelago […] […] the other day took place “under”, in the mines. Übersetzerin: Wie Sie schon sagten, wollen wir sehr unterschiedliche Leute ansprechen. Menschen, die hier auf dem Archipel leben, Menschen, die in der Nähe, also im Norden Norwegens, leben und Menschen, die von ihrer intellektuellen Ausrichtung her dazu passen könnten und eine eher internationale Perspektive mit einbringen. Außerdem wollten wir die übliche Struktur einer Konferenz komplett hinterfragen. Wo Vortragende von einem Podium herab sprechen, die dann ab und zu von unten, vom Publikum aus unterbrochen werden können. Wir wollten das Denken aber durch den Körper ziehen lassen. Und darum haben wir unterschiedliche Veranstaltungsorte gesucht, in denen der Körper unterschiedliche Seinszustände erlebt, weil wir davon ausgegangen sind, dass dies einen anderen Zugang zu unseren Themen ermöglichen würde. Und darum fanden die Diskussionen an einem Tag auf einem Forschungsschiff statt, am nächsten an Land, in der Universität, und an einem weiteren unter Tage, in einer Grube. Autorin: Der internationale Kunstbetrieb ist bekannt dafür, dass die Insider in jeder Situation einen passenden Kommentar auf den Lippen haben. Hier aber, zwischen den Gletschern, beim Anblick eines Wals und in den kalten, von Kohlebrocken verdreckten Tunneln der Grube, habe man öfter mal einfach überwältigt geschwiegen. Sie fand das sehr produktiv. 7 Katya Garcia-Anton, O-Ton: Now, of course, the day that took place in the mine […] […] as a place of thought. Übersetzerin: Der Tag, den wir in der Kohlegrube zubrachten, war natürlich auf vielfältige Weise symbolisch. Ein Aspekt befasste sich mit der Neuzuordnung des Körpers unter der Erde und bei einem weiteren spielte natürlich der ganze industrielle Hintergrund eine Rolle. Was er für den gesamten Archipel bedeutet hatte und auch für die politischen Beziehungen, die Norwegen zu Russland pflegt, und dessen Interessen an den Ressourcen in diesem Teil der Welt. Und darum war es für uns entscheidend, den Blickwinkel zu wechseln, sondern den Körper – nicht nur das Gehirn – als Ort einzufordern, an dem Denken stattfindet. Zitator: Es ist oft davon die Rede, dass Spitzbergen sich auf drei Säulen stützt: auf den Bergbau, den Tourismus und die wissenschaftliche Forschung. Autorin: Das schrieb Kim Holmen, der Direktor des Norwegischen Polarinstituts, in einem Text, in dem er sich für kultuelle Investitionen auf Svalbard einsetzt. Zitator: Doch gibt es eine vierte Säule, die Kultur, die wir aufmerksam in den Blick nehmen sollten, wenn wir über die Zukunft des Archipels sprechen. Hierin liegt der einzigartige Kern, aus dem wir die Identität von Longyearbyen erschaffen können. Eine Gesellschaft mit hoher Fluktuation an Touristen und Arbeitern kann den Eindruck erwecken, dass es ihr an Tradition fehlt. Aber das 8 Engagement für die Kultur kann nachhaltige Werte schaffen. Man kann den Touristen Norwegischkurse anbieten, wenn sie keine Lust mehr haben auf Outdoorabenteuer. In den Läden können Produkte lokaler Künstler und Kulturarbeiter verkauft werden. Kulturelle Investitionen können auch den Berufsstolz der Grubenarbeiter würdigen und ihnen andere Wege weisen, jetzt, wo das ehemals wichtigste Unternehmen der Region sich anders ausrichten muss. [...] Die zahllosen Besucher Spitzbergens wollen durch Erfahrungen und Informationen bereichert werden. [...] So festigen wir die Rolle Spitzbergens in der Welt und schaffen Arbeitsstellen und neue Werte, Freude, Selbstbewusstsein und Geist. Autorin: Holmens Statement betont auffällig stark den Kompensations- und Warenwert von Kunst und Kultur. Ein Handelsdenken, dass sich auch an der Nutzarchitektur entlang der einzigen Straße vom Flughafen zum Zentrum Longyearbyens ablesen lässt: Lagerhallen aus Wellblech, ein kastiges Kohlekraftwerk, schmucklose Hafengebäude, Garagen, in denen zahlreiche Schneemobile für die abenteuerlustigen Touristen parken. Ist Kunst also ein neuer Wirtschaftszweig, der den Niedergang der Kohleindustrie abfedern und
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