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University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2013 Shipwreck at Cape Flora: The Expeditions of Benjamin Leigh Smith, England’s Forgotten Arctic Explorer Capelotti, P. J. University of Calgary Press Capelotti, P.J. "Shipwreck at Cape Flora: The Expeditions of Benjamin Leigh Smith, England’s Forgotten Arctic Explorer". Northern Lights Series No. 16. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/49458 book http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 3.0 Unported Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca University of Calgary Press www.uofcpress.com SHIPWRECK AT CAPE FLORA: THE EXPEDITIONS OF BENJAMIN LEIGH SMITH, ENGLAND’S FORGOTTEN ARCTIC EXPLORER P.J. Capelotti ISBN 978-1-55238-712-2 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. 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For more information, see details of the Creative Commons licence at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ UNDER THE CREATIVE UNDER THE CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCE YOU COMMONS LICENCE YOU MAY: MAY NOT: • read and store this document • gain financially from the work in any way; free of charge; • sell the work or seek monies in relation to the distribution • distribute it for personal use of the work; free of charge; • use the work in any commercial activity of any kind; • print sections of the work for • profit a third party indirectly via use or distribution of the work; personal use; • distribute in or through a commercial body (with the exception • read or perform parts of the of academic usage within educational institutions such as work in a context where no schools and universities); financial transactions take • reproduce, distribute, or store the cover image outside of its place. function as a cover of this work; • alter or build on the work outside of normal academic scholarship. Acknowledgement: We acknowledge the wording around open access used by Australian publisher, re.press, and thank them for giving us permission to adapt their wording to our policy http://www.re-press.org/content/view/17/33/ Shipwreck at Cape Flora The Expeditions of Benjamin Leigh Smith, England’s Forgotten Arctic Explorer P.J. Capelotti Shipwreck at Cape Flora NORTHERN LIGHTS SERIES Copublished with the Arctic Institute of North America issn 1701-0004 (print) issn 1925-2943 (online) This series takes up the geographical region of the North (circumpolar regions within the zone of discontinuous permafrost) and publishes works from all areas of northern schol- arship, including natural sciences, social sciences, earth sciences, and the humanities. No. 1 · Nunavik: Inuit-Controlled Education in Arctic Quebec Ann Vick-Westgate · Copublished with the Katutjiniq Regional Development Council No. 2 · Many Faces of Gender: Roles and Relationships through Time in Northern Indigenous Communities Edited by Lisa Frink, Rita S. Shepard, and Gregory A. Reinhardt · Copublished with University Press of Colorado No. 3 · New Owners in their Own Land: Minerals and Inuit Land Claims Robert McPherson No. 4 · War North of 80: The Last German Arctic Weather Station of World War II Wilhelm Dege, translated and edited by William Barr · Copublished with University Press of Colorado No. 5 · Writing Geographical Exploration: Thomas James and the Northwest Passage 1631–33 Wayne K.D. Davies No. 6 · As Long as This Land Shall Last: A History of Treaty 8 and Treaty 11, 1870–1939 René Fumoleau No. 7 · Breaking Ice: Renewable Resource and Ocean Management in the Canadian North Edited by Fikret Berkes, Rob Huebert, Helen Fast, Micheline Manseau, and Alan Diduck No. 8 · Alliance and Conflict: The World System of the Inupiaq Eskimos Ernest S. Burch · Copublished with the University of Nebraska Press No. 9 · Tanana and Chandalar: The Alaska Field Journals of Robert A. McKennan Edited by Craig Mishler and William E. Simeone · Copublished with University of Alaska Press No. 10 · Resurrecting Dr. Moss: The Life and Letters of a Royal Navy Surgeon, Edward Lawton Moss, MD, RN, 1837–1880 Paul C. Appleton, edited by William Barr No. 11 · Lands that Hold One Spellbound: A Story of East Greenland Spencer Apollonio No. 12 · Biocultural Diversity and Indigenous Ways of Knowing: Human Ecology in the Arctic Karim-Aly S. Kassam No. 13 · Arctic Scientist, Gulag Survivor: The Biography of Mikhail Mikhailovich Ermolaev, 1905–1991 A.M. Ermolaev and V.D. Dibner, translated and edited by William Barr No. 14 · The Reindeer Botanist: Alf Erling Porsild, 1901–1977 Wendy Dathan No. 15 · The Fast-Changing Arctic: Rethinking Arctic Security for a Warmer World Edited by Barry Scott Zellen No. 16 · Shipwreck at Cape Flora: The Expeditions of Benjamin Leigh Smith, England’s Forgotten Arctic Explorer P.J. Capelotti Shipwreck at Cape Flora The Expeditions of Benjamin Leigh Smith, England’s Forgotten Arctic Explorer P.J. Capelotti Northern Lights Series ISSN 1701-0004 (Print) ISSN 1925-2943 (Online) © 2013 P.J. Capelotti University of Calgary Press 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, Alberta Canada T2N 1N4 www.uofcpress.com This book is available as an ebook which is licensed under a Creative Commons license. The publisher should be contacted for any commercial use which falls outside the terms of that license. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Capelotti, P. J. (Peter Joseph), 1960- Shipwreck at Cape Flora [electronic resource] : the expeditions of Benjamin Leigh Smith, England’s forgotten Arctic explorer / P.J. Capelotti. (Northern lights series, 1925-2943 ; 16) Includes bibliographical references and index. Electronic monograph. Issued also in print format. Co-published by: Arctic Institute of North America. ISBN 978-1-55238-712-2 (PDF).—ISBN 978-1-55238-713-9 (PDF).— ISBN 978-1-55238-714-6 (HTML) 1. Smith, Benjamin Leigh, 1828-1913. 2. Explorers—Great Britain— Biography. 3. Arctic regions—Discovery and exploration—British—History— 19th century. I. Arctic Institute of North America II. Title. III. Series: Northern lights series (Online) ; 16 G875.S65C36 2013 910.92 C2013-900288-X The University of Calgary Press acknowledges the support of the Government of Alberta through the Alberta Multimedia Development Fund for our publications. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund for our publishing activities. We acknowledge the financial support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program. Cover design, page design, and typesetting by Melina Cusano To the memory of Harry ‘Red’ Caughron (1922–2010) of Wood- berry Forest, Virginia, a gentle giant of a man and every bit the equal of the Appalachian mountains he introduced me to, this volume is inscribed with love, affection, and remembrance. On Loft Mountain, Virginia, July 1976 CONTENTS List of Figures xi Prologue: Twilight xvii 1. Benjamin Leigh Smith and His Times, 1828–1871 1 2. Expedition One: Svalbard, 1871 51 3. Expedition Two: Jan Mayen and Svalbard, 1872 77 4. Expedition Three: Svalbard, 1873 97 5. The Awakening to a New Life, 1874–1879 123 6 Expedition Four: Franz Josef Land, 1880 151 7. Expedition Five: Franz Josef Land, 1881–1882 173 8. Benjamin Leigh Smith and His Times, 1883–1913 217 Acknowledgments 233 Notes 235 Appendices 251 Select Bibliography 259 Index 265 vii North Pole GREENLAND ARCTIC av er a g e OCEAN e x t e n Scale of nautical miles t o FRANZ f Danes 0 100 200 300 400 500 ic GREENLAND e Island JOSEF p a LAND c k in 19t h cen Eira Reykjavík tury Harbour Cape SEA Flora Jan ICELAND a Mayen NORTH r KARA c Island SVALBARD t i c A c Bear Y L ir Island c M ATLANTIC l BARENTS e E Z SEA Matochkin A Strait Y OCEAN NORWEGIAN A V SEA O Tromsø N SEA N E A D S I Peterhead E U S IRELAND D R W A A Y S E W A N S hadrian's R NI wall O H N T A E O I T B H L W NORTH Oslo F UNITED O N Hull KINGDOM F I E SEA L N U F THE EXPLORING WORLD OF G G L IS London H RK A C M HA N NN E EL D BAY OF Amsterdam BISCAY NL A ESTONIA SE FRANCE Hamburg St.

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