Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 31 | Issue 2 Article 5 2013 Time-Calibrated Phylogenies of Hummingbirds and Hummingbird-Pollinated Plants Reject a Hypothesis of Diffuse Co-Evolution Erin A. Tripp Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder Lucinda A. McDade Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Recommended Citation Tripp, Erin A. and McDade, Lucinda A. (2013) "Time-Calibrated Phylogenies of Hummingbirds and Hummingbird-Pollinated Plants Reject a Hypothesis of Diffuse Co-Evolution," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 31: Iss. 2, Article 5. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol31/iss2/5 Aliso, 31(2), pp. 89–103 ’ 2013, The Author(s), CC-BY-NC TIME-CALIBRATED PHYLOGENIES OF HUMMINGBIRDS AND HUMMINGBIRD-POLLINATED PLANTS REJECT A HYPOTHESIS OF DIFFUSE CO-EVOLUTION ERIN A. TRIPP1,3 AND LUCINDA A. MCDADE2 1University of Colorado, Boulder, Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCB 334, Boulder, Colorado 80309 2Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711 3Corresponding author (
[email protected]) ABSTRACT Neotropical ecosystems house levels of species diversity that are unmatched by any other region on Earth. One hypothesis to explain this celebrated diversity invokes a model of biotic interactions in which interspecific interactions drive diversification of two (or more) lineages. When the impact of the interaction on diversification is reciprocal, diversification of the lineages should be contemporaneous. Although past studies have provided evidence needed to test alternative models of diversification such as those involving abiotic factors (e.g., Andean uplift, shifting climatological regimes), tests of the biotic model have been stymied by lack of evolutionary time scale for symbiotic partners.