List of Prisoners of Camp 15

Cover design: Shin, Minyong Proofreading: Mary Soo Anderson .

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FREE THE NORTH KOREAN GULAG is … 4

This is a list of 254 current and former detainees … 4

The North Korean Political Prisoner Camps Introduction 6 What does it look like? 7 Why are the innocent family members imprisoned? 8 What is life like for the people in the Kwan-Li-So? 8

The List of 254 Current and Former Detainees of the #15 YODUK Political Prisoner Camp Defecting from North Korea 11 Criticism or Complaints Against The Regime 37 Degrading the Authority of the Chosun Labor Party and Embezzlement of Party Funds 49 Plotting Anti-Government Action and Anti-Government Activity 65 Christianity, Espionage and Exposing National Secrets 77 Collective Punishment or Guilt by Association 95 Other Reasons… 109

FREE THE NORTH KOREAN GULAG

is an organization founded in 2003 by the former detainees of Yoduk Kwanliso #15, one of the North Korean political prison camps. Our purpose is to close the political prison camps that exist throughout North Korea and promote North Korean human rights. We work to terminate the operation of the political prison camps, which are the essence of Kim, Jong-Il’s dictatorship. We also work to free the innocent prisoners still living in the camps. Even now in North Korea, there are at least five political prison camps in which forced labor, starvation, torture, rape, public executions and illness plague people until their deaths. It is our mission to spread the word about the existence of the camps and to end the pain and suffering of the detainees as soon as possible.

This is a list of 254 current and former detainees ……… of the “YODUK Political prison camp: Revolutionizing District”. All of the people on this list were once in the political prison camp located in Yoduk County, North Korea; however, for many, their current whereabouts are unknown. These 181 men and 73 women are just a small fraction of the total people who were once in the camp. This list provides personal accounts of the prisoners before they were imprisoned and after they were released.

This list was compiled through direct testimonies of former detainees, Tae Jin KIM, Kwang Il JUNG, Eun Cheol KIM, Gum Nan LEE*(fictitious name), and Hyung Chul HAN*(fictitious name). It is the only list which provides evidence that includes the names, stories, and former jobs of the people who were once, and perhaps still are, suffering in the political prison camps. All of this evidence is based on what the former detainees directly saw and heard during their stay in the camps.

Some of those included in this list have already died, some of them have been released, and some of them have been moved to the Complete Control District; thus, many of them will never know their names were written here. Nevertheless, by publishing these names and stories to the world, we hope that it will be known that somebody remembered them, and it will give strength and comfort to the people who still suffer in the political prison camps. It is our hope that those still suffering in the prison camps will soon be freed.

We give thanks to the former detainees aforementioned, who provided their help in this list, despite the dangers involved in disclosing information about the camps.

The North Korean Political PPPrisonPrison CCCampCampamps:s:s:s: The KwanKwan----LiLiLiLi----SoSoSoSo

Introduction It is estimated that five political prison camps (called “Kwan-Li-So” in North Korea) exist throughout the country, and that approximately 200,000-300,000 people in these camps have suffered from starvation, torture, extreme cold, disease and harsh labor.

According to Chapter III of the Constitution of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), political prisoners are “people who have committed anti-state crimes, as well as those who have participated in a conspiracy to overthrow the Republic, actions including: any subversive revolts; those who have attempted any terrorist acts upon state officials and patriotic citizens; and those who have instigated anti-

6 state criminal acts to overthrow, create disorder, or undermine the Republic.” Political prisoners in North Korea are classified as “anti-revolutionary elements”, “holders of risky ideas” or “hostile elements”, and are sent to the political prison camps called “Kwan-Li-So”. Since the Kwan-Li-So have been unknown to the general public in North Korea, judicial procedures are not provided. At first a suspect disappears, and then all members of three generations of the suspect’s family are forcibly taken in the middle of night to be moved to the camp and forced into labor, often until their deaths.

The Chosun Labor Party

The National Security Agency

The Seventh Unit

The 14th The 15th The 16th The 18th The 22th Kwan-Li-So Kwan-Li-So Kwan-Li-so Kwan-Li-So Kwan-Li-So Gaechon, Yodok, Hawsung, Bukchang, Hoeryung, South South South South North Pyongan Hamgyong Hamgyong Pyongan Hamgyong

There are two basic purposes for the existence of the Kwan-Li-So. The first is to persecute and oppress any political enemies against the Kim, Il-Sung and Kim, Jong-Il regime. The second is to keep the public submissive and fearful by rooting out any individual who poses a potential threat to the regime.

What does it look like? The Kwan-Li-So are usually surrounded at their outer perimeters by barbed-wire fences, punctuated with watchtowers patrolled by heavily armed guards. 1 In some areas there are walls 2 to 3 meters (7 to 10 feet) tall topped with electrical wire. 2 Along the fences are watchtowers measuring 7 to 8 meters in height, set at 1-

1 David Hawk, “Hidden Gulag” , (U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2003), p.24 2 Id . p.34

7 kilometer intervals, and patrolled by 1,000 guards armed with automatic rifles, hand grenades, and dogs. 3 The encampments include self-contained, closed, village-like compounds for single persons (usually the alleged political prisoner) and other closed, fenced-in “villages” for the extended families of the political prisoners. 4

In general, the Kwan-Li-So are notorious for lifetime imprisonment. However, the 15th Kwan-Li-So located in Yoduk county, South Hamgyong Province, is divided into two sections: the Complete Control District and the Revolutionizing District. The Complete Control District detains those with life sentences, whereas the Revolutionizing District sometimes releases their prisoners. Most of the former prisoners mentioned in this document are those who were released from the Revolutionizing District in the Yoduk Kwan-Li-So.

Why are the innocent family members imprisoned? Another notorious feature of the Kwan-Li-So is the principle of “collective punishment”, called Yeon-Jaw-Je in North Korea. Under this principle, the parents, siblings, children and sometimes grandchildren of the offending political prisoner are imprisoned in a three-generation practice. 5 According to the former prisoners, this practice complies with the following 1972 statement by Kim Il-Sung, “Factionalists or enemies of class, whoever they are, must have their seed eliminated through three generations.” 6 Therefore, it is estimated that more than half of the people imprisoned in the Kwan-Li-So are the innocent family members of the political enemies.

What is life like for the people in the Kwan-Li-So? Daily life in the Kwan-Li-So consists of a combination of below-subsistence food rations and extremely hard labor. 7 Prisoners are provided only enough food—a bowl of Korean-style corn soup—to be kept perpetually on the verge of starvation,

3 Id . p.34 4 Id . p.24 5 Id. p.24 6 Id. p.24 7 Id. p. 25

8 and therefore, they have to eat plants, grasses, barks, rats, snakes, or even the food of the labor-camp farm animals. 8 Kim Jin, a former prisoner of the 15th Kwan-Li- So, testified that, to stay alive, he ate plants, rats, snakes, and frogs, 9 and that sometimes there were quarrels between the prisoners for wild animals.

Under the principle of self-sufficiency in the Kwan-Li-So, some prisoners farm corn, cut trees into firewood and make furniture, while others construct buildings. These supplies and buildings are mainly for the guards and their families living next to the Kwan-Li-So. According to Ah Hyuk, a former prisoner of the 15th Kwan-Li- So, his labor assignment involved construction work at a water-driven electric- power plant at the camp. He describes his construction project as “murderous”, as the prisoners had to break ice and wade waist-deep into a frozen stream to gather stones and lay boards to re-channel the water. As a result, many lost their fingers and toes due to frostbite, or died from exposure. 10

The 15th Kwan-Li-So located in Yoduk county is also divided into the singles area and the family area. 11 Mr. Lee Young-Kuk, a former prisoner of the 15th Kwan-Li- So, testified that during his imprisonment, the area held about 1,000 prisoners, of which only 50 were women. While the women’s houses were heated, the men’s were not, thus male prisoners suffered from frostbitten ears and swollen legs during the winter season. 12

In addition, sexual contact between men and women was not allowed, as it was thought this could result in another generation of counter-revolutionaries. 13

8 Id. p. 25 9 Id. p. 32 10 Id. p. 31 11 Id . p. 35 12 Id . p. 35 13 Id . p. 35

Defecting From North Korea

Name KANG, Misook Gender Female Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Bongsan -Gun, Hwanghaebuk -Do Occupation in NK Unemployed Date of Imprisonment November 1999 Status Unknown Reason for Arrested by the Chinese police in Yanji, China; was forcibly Imprisonment sent to North Korea and imprisoned after confessing she had contact with a South Korean.

Name Unknown (Mother of KANG, Misook) Gender Female Age at Arrest 56 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment November 1999

Status Unknown Escaped with her daughter KANG, Misook, was arrested by Chinese police, and then forcibly sent to North Korea. Reason for During the inquiry conducted by the National Security Imprisonment Agency, she confessed that she had contact with a South Korean while in China. She was then imprisoned.

Name KIM, Kyungok Gender Female Age at Arrest 28 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer in Eunduk -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Date of Imprisonment January 2004 Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name KIM, Gwangsik Gender Male Age at Arrest 16 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Student in Suncheon -City, Pyongannam -Do Date of Imprisonment October 2002 Sent to an unknown location at night during his Status imprisonment Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name KIM, Gwangil Gender Male Age at Arrest 18 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK High -school student in Suncheon -City, Pyongannam -Do Date of Imprisonment October 2002 Sent to an unknown location at night during his Status imprisonment Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name KIM, Gwangjin Gender Male Age at Arrest 24 Hometown Buwon -district, Chungjin -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Student Date of Imprisonment March 2000

Status Unknown Came into contact with Christianity after he escaped from Reason for North Korea to China. He was arrested in North Korea Imprisonment when he returned to find his mother.

Name KIM, Gukhwa Gender Female Age at Arrest Unknown Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment Unknown

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name KIM, Namchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 36 Hometown Chungjin -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Unemployed Date of Imprisonment March 2000

Status Unknown While in China, a neighbor heard him asking a South Reason for Korean to help send him to South Korea. The neighbor Imprisonment reported it to the Chinese authorities.

Name KIM, Myungchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 43 Hometown Hyesan -City, Yanggang -Do Occupation in NK Driver Date of Imprisonment November 1999

Status Unknown Reason for Escaped from North Korea and tried to enter South Korea. Imprisonment

Name KIM, Seonae Gender Female Age at Arrest 26 (born in 1960) Hometown Chungjin -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1986

Status Discharged in 1989 Reason for Escaped from North Korea. Imprisonment

Name KIM, Seonghee Gender Female Age at Arrest 30 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer in the Sungcheon -district, Hamheung -City, Hamkyungnam-Do Date of Imprisonment May 2004

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name KIM, Sunhee (the 2 nd generation of a Korean -Japanese) Gender Female Age at Arrest 40 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Boy Scouts Instructor, Hoeryong -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Date of Imprisonment November 2002

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for her grandmother’s home in Japan after Imprisonment escaping from North Korea. She was unable to move her body due to long -term torture Life in Prison sustained in the camp.

Name KIM, Yeonsoon Gender Female Age at Arrest 31 Hometown Kimchaek -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment Fall 1998

Status Alove Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Reason for Korea. Her father was from South Korea, and she had Imprisonment heard about South Korea from her father, and she tried defecting after her father had died.

Name KIM, Seungchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Musan, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Test engineer, Musan -station Date of Imprisonment July 2001

Status Unknown Arrested by Chinese police in Shenyen, China while trying Reason for to cross the border to Mongolia with 12 other people. He Imprisonment was then sent to North Korea and imprisoned.

Name KIM, Yeonhee Gender Female Age at Arrest 28 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer in Eunduk -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Date of Imprisonment January 2004

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name KIM, Youngsuk Gender Female Age at Arrest 48 Hometown Daedong -Gun, Hamkyungnam -Do Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment September 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name KIM, Youngsun Gender Female Age at Arrest 28 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer in the Musan mine, Hamkyungbuk -Do Date of Imprisonment January 2004

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name KIM, Youngsil Gender Female Age at Arrest 25 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Worked in a PR office in Bocheon -Gun, Yanggang -Do Date of Imprisonment November 1999

Status Died of malnutrition in April 2000 Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name KIM, Youngchun Gender Male Age at Arrest 28 Hometown Junghwa -Gun, Pyongyang Occupation in NK A border guard for the North Korean National Army Date of Imprisonment July 2001

Status Unknown Illegal border transgression : Kim crossed the border with Reason for an armed weapon. He was arrested by the Chinese police Imprisonment while he was intoxicated, and then was repatriated to North Korea.

Name KIM, Youngchun Gender Female Age at Arrest 36 Hometown Shinheung -Gun, Hamkyungnam -Do Occupation in NK Laborer at the Shinheung Machinery Factory Date of Imprisonment February 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping Imprisonment Kim hurt her legs and arms when she tumbled down a hill Life in Prison while carrying mulberry leaves*. She still suffers from the pain.

* At this time, agents supervising the camp enjoyed playing games with the starving detainees. They would make the prisoners compete with each other by gathering mulberry leaves. The agents offered corn-made noodles as a prize for the leaf gathering competition, and so the prisoners mustered all their strength to pick up as many leaves as possible to win the noodles.

Name KIM, Yongil Gender Male Age at Arrest 42 Hometown Ranam -district, Chungjin -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Laborer at Kimchaek Steelmaking Factory Date of Imprisonment September 2000

Status Died of malnutrition While in China, a neighbor reported him to the Chinese Reason for police for lying about being a colonel in the North Korean Imprisonment Army. The guards did not feed him because of his lies, and as a Life in Prison result, he died of malnutrition.

Name KIM, Euncheol Gender Male Age at Arrest 20 Hometown Musan, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Student Date of Imprisonment July 2000 (imprisoned at the age of 20)

Status Currently living in South Korea Reason for The Seven North Korean Refugees Case (same as above) Imprisonment

* The Seven North Korean Refugees Case : Kim, Eun-Choil escaped from North Korea in 1999, and met six other North Korean defectors by chance while in China. They all were arrested in Russia on Nov. 1999 after they crossed the Chinese-Russian border together. Although the UNHCR recognized them as refugees on Nov. 24, the Russian government handed them over to China on Dec. 30. On Jan. 12, 2000, the Chinese government forcibly repatriated them to North Korea. Five people, including Mr. KIM, were sent to the YODUK Political prison camp. The whereabouts of the two other people are unknown. Mr. KIM was in the revolutionizing districts with Mr. Jung Gwang-il, the writer of this book.

Name KIM, Iltae Gender Male Age at Arrest 43 Hometown Poongsan -Gun Yanggang -Do Occupation in NK Fishery office laborer in the Najin subsidiary Date of Imprisonment April 2000

Status Unknown The same agents who kidnapped Pastor KIM Dongsik approached KIM Iltae’s family disguised like South Koreans. Their intention was to build up their own career by catching so-called escapists. These agents deceived Reason for KIM’s family by telling them they would send them to Imprisonment South Korea. KIM’s family left for China at night, but were kidnapped in Ingye-Ri, Hoeryung-City near the Duman-river. KIM and his wife CHOI Kyunghee were imprisoned, and the whereabouts of their children (a 12- year-old son and 9-year-old daughter) are unknown. Life in Prison Kim cried daily due to worries about his children.

Name KIM, Changrok Gender Male Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Hoeryung -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Unemployed Date of Imprisonment November 1999 Status Died on Feb. 16, 2000 due to a disease contracted while in prison Reason for Forcibly sent to North Korea after being arrested in Yanji, Imprisonment China.

Name KIM, Chulmin Gender Male Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Hoeryong, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Unemployed Date of Imprisonment 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Escaped from North Korea. Imprisonment

Name KIM, Chulbum Gender Male Age at Arrest 26 Hometown Musan, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Unemployed Date of Imprisonment May 2001

Status Unknown Reason for Came into contact with Christianity after escaping from Imprisonment North Korea.

Name KIM, Chunok Gender Female Age at Arrest 60 Hometown Anju, Pyongannam -Do Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment April 2004

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name KIM, Hyeyoung Gender Female Age at Arrest 30 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer in a fishery business office, Shinpo -City, Hamkyungnam-Do Date of Imprisonment July 2004

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name KIM, Hyeok Gender Female Age at Arrest 28 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer in Uiju -Gun, Pyonganbuk -Do Date of Imprisonment June 2004

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name KIM, Hoseok Gender Male Age at Arrest 37 Hometown Yeonsa -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Laborer at the Sangha Coal Mine in Onsung -Gun Date of Imprisonment May 2001

Status Unknown Reason for Arrested at the Mongolian border while attempting to go to Imprisonment South Korea

Name NOH, Gwangchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 37 Hometown Namyang -Gu , Onsung -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Unemployed Date of Imprisonment September 2001

Status Unknown Arrested while trying to enter the South Korean embassy in Beijing in 2000. Free the NK gulag guesses that those who Reason for were accompanying Noh were sent to the Perfect Control Imprisonment Sector. Only Mr. NOH was imprisoned in the Revolutionary Sector.

Name NOH, Younggi Gender Male Age at Arrest 37 Hometown Hyesan, Yanggang -Do Occupation in NK Employed (??) Date of Imprisonment March 2000

Status Unknown Was staying in China with the aid of an uncle (who lives in Reason for America) after escaping from North Korea. He was Imprisonment reported by an ethnic Korean-Chinese person, arrested, and forcibly sent to North Korea.

Name PARK, Myunghee Gender Female Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Songpyung -district, Chungjin -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment November 1999

Status Unknown Reason for Arrested by the Chinese police in Maehwa -Gu, Jilin, China, Imprisonment and forcibly sent to North Korea.

Name BANG, Geumseon Gender Female Age at Arrest 42 Hometown Eunduk -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment April 2004

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name BANG, Youngsil Gender Female Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Gomusan, Buryung -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Station staff member at Gilju -station, Gilju Date of Imprisonment June 2000

Status Unknown Reason for The Seven North Korean Refugees Case (same as above) Imprisonment

Name BANG, Eunsuk Gender Female Age at Arrest 39 Hometown Eunduk -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment January 2004

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name SEO, Myungok Gender Female Age at Arrest 38 Hometown Namyang -Gu, Onsung -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Telephone operator at the Namyang Telegraphic Office Date of Imprisonment December 2001

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name SEO, Jaesuk Gender Male Age at Arrest 42 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Onjangwon, Sansung -Ri, Onsung -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Date of Imprisonment December 2003

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea

Name SON, Youngok Gender Female Age at Arrest 36 Hometown Hwasung -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment February 2000

Status Unknown Was arrested by North Korean National Security Team Reason for agents (disguised as South Koreans) in Jilin, China while Imprisonment trying to go to South Korea.

Name SONG, Gibok Gender Male Age at Arrest 43 Hometown Wawoodo Region, Nampo Occupation in NK Crew member of the Jeonjin -ship, Haewoonsung Date of Imprisonment September 2000

Status Unknown Escaped from a ship near the Thai border in 1992, lived Reason for there until 1999, was arrested by Chinese police, and then Imprisonment forcibly sent to North Korea.

Name AHN, Sungchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 20 Hometown Ontan -Gu, Onsung -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Student Date of Imprisonment Dec. 2001 Status Unknown Reason for After his mother died of starvation, he crossed the border to Imprisonment China to seek food. After hearing that there was a chance to go to South Korea by way of Myanmar, he travelled to Myanmar by foot from China. However, he was arrested by the Myanmar police, sent to China, and forcibly sent back to North Korea by the Chinese police. Life in Prison He was only 16 years -old when he was imprisoned. He cried daily due to horrible prison life.

Name YANG, Myungsung Gender Male Age at Arrest 22 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer in Sariwon -City, Hwanghaebuk -Do Date of Imprisonment September 2003

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name UHM, Yongyeon Gender Male Age at Arrest 45 Hometown Hoeryong -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Driver at the Hoeryong Hotel Date of Imprisonment November 1999

Status Unknown Arrested in Yanji, China while running a business selling Reason for antiques to South Koreans, and forcibly sent to North Imprisonment Korea.

Name UHM, Chulsu Gender Male Age at Arrest 40 Hometown Musan, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Discharged soldier Date of Imprisonment July 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Uhm was arrested by the Chinese police in Shenyen, China Imprisonment while he was attempting to leave for South Korea. He was forcibly sent back to North Korea.

Name WOO, Moklan Gender Female Age at Arrest 25 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer in a pottery factory, Anbyun -Gun, Gangwon -Do Date of Imprisonment January 2005

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name YU, Sung -geum Gender Female Age at Arrest 24 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer in the Musan mine, Hamkyungbuk -Do Date of Imprisonment November 2002

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name YU, Jongchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 37 Hometown Nampo Occupation in NK Laborer of the Forestry Office in Russia Date of Imprisonment December 2000

Status Unknown Was arrested by the North Korean National Security Reason for Agency after escaping from a business office in Russia. Imprisonment He was sent to North Korea by airplane, while his whole body was in a cast.

Name LEE, Gwangmyung Gender Male Age at Arrest 25 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Farmer in Musan Date of Imprisonment February 2002

Status Alive Reason for Lived in China for a while. Arrested when crossing the Imprisonment Mongolian border to head for South Korea. Was treated relatively well due to his ability to control Life in Prison cattle.

Name LEE, Gwangsung Gender Male Age at Arrest 38 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Football player for the Provincial Sports Team, Hamkyungbuk-Do Date of Imprisonment September 2002

Status Sent to an unknown location during imprisonment Reason for Prison break Imprisonment Would continuously say, “I will head for South Korea if I Life in Prison get out of here”. NKG guesses that this led to his transfer to the Complete Control District.

Name LEE, Geumnam Gender Female Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Namcheon -City, Hamkyungnam -Do Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment December 1999

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea at the Mongolian border; Imprisonment was arrested and forcibly sent back to North Korea.

Name LEE, Dongmyung Gender Male Age at Arrest 27 Hometown Mangyongdae, Pyongyang Occupation in NK Worker at a sports equipment factory in Pyongyang Date of Imprisonment July 2000

Status Unknown Reason for The Seven North Korean Refugees Case (same as above) Imprisonment

Name LEE, Seolhwa Gender Female Age at Arrest 26 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer in the Convenient Cooperation Store, Saecheon - Dong, Hoeryong Date of Imprisonment November, 1999

Status Unknown Kidnapped by agents while she was heading for South Reason for Korea with her husband (the son of a South Korean army Imprisonment war prisoner). Her husband was imprisoned in the #22 camp.

Name LEE, Eunju Gender Female Age at Arrest 28 Hometown Gwanhae -Dong, Shinam -district, Chungjin -City, Hamkyungbuk-Do Occupation in NK Unemployed Date of Imprisonment December 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name LEE, Ilnam Gender Male Age at Arrest 41 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Commander of Hoeryung -station, Chungjin Railway Office Date of Imprisonment June 2000

Status Died of malnutrition Reason for Accused of helping the Forestry Office’s officers escape Imprisonment from North Korea.

Name LEE, Chulho Gender Male Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer for the Farmland Construction Board, Hoeryung - City, Hamkyungbuk-Do Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name LEE, Chungi Gender Male Age at Arrest 48 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer in Kyungsung -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Date of Imprisonment May 2003

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name JANG, Hoyoung Gender Male Age at Arrest 27 Hometown Mangyungdae, Pyongyang Occupation in NK None Date of Imprisonment July 2000

Status Unknown Reason for The Seven North Korean Refugees Case (same as above) Imprisonment

Name JEON, Mansu Gender Male Age at Arrest 44 Hometown Seungho district, Pyongyang Occupation in NK Staff member at the Pyongyang Seungho Cement Factory Date of Imprisonment April 2000

Status Unknown Lied to a South Korean in China about working for the Reason for Missile Base, was arrested by the Chinese police, and sent Imprisonment to North Korea.

Name JEON, Youngsook Gender Female Age at Arrest 58 Hometown Pyongsung, Pyongannam -Do Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment May 2004

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name JEON, Yongsan Gender Male Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Officer in the Border Guards Office of North Korea Date of Imprisonment July 2003

Status Unknown Reason for Accused of helping North Koreans defect from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name JEONG, Chulhwan Gender Male Age at Arrest 39 (born in August 1962) Hometown Dongsung -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Primary Commissioner at the Dongpo Coal Mine Office Date of Imprisonment July 2001

Status Unknown Came into contact with Christianity after defecting from Reason for North Korea. He was arrested at a mission house in China Imprisonment and forcibly sent back to North Korea.

Name CHO, Sunghye Gender Female Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Eunduk -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment February 2004

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name CHA, Jungchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 27 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Soldier of the North Korean Army Date of Imprisonment June 2003

Status Unknown Reason for Ran away from the army and tried to escape to China. Imprisonment

Name CHOI, Kyungae Gender Female Age at Arrest 25 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer in the Musan mine, Hamkyungbuk -Do Date of Imprisonment January 2005

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name CHOI, Kyunghee Gender Female Age at Arrest 40 Hometown Saetbyul -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK PR staff of the Najin subsidiary Date of Imprisonment April 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Same as her husband, KIM, Iltae (above) Imprisonment Choi cried daily because she did not know the whereabouts Life in Prison of her children (a 12-year-old son and 9-year-old daughter).

Name HAM, Soonjung Gender Female Age at Arrest 25 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer at the Dukcheon Coal Mine, Dukcheon -Gun, Pyungannam-Do Date of Imprisonment February 2002 Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name HUH, Young -il Gender Male Age at Arrest 38 Hometown Gilju, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK None Date of Imprisonment June 2000

Status Unknown The Seven North Korean Refugees Case: HUH, Young -Il escaped from North Korea in 1999. Mr. Huh was in the Reason for revolutionizing districts with Mr. Jung Gwang-il, the writer Imprisonment of this book; however, it is believed that Mr. HUH later escaped to China.

Name HEO, Eunsook Gender Female Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Songpyung -Gu, Chungjin -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment February 2004

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea

Name HWANG, Miran Gender Female Age at Arrest 38 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment January 2003

Status Unknown Reason for Tried to head for South Korea after escaping from North Imprisonment Korea.

Name Cheolhyuk (first name unknown) Gender Male Age at Arrest 21 (born in 1966) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1987

Status Discharged in 1990 Reason for Escaped from North Korea Imprisonment

Criticism or Complaints Against The Regime

Name KIM, Kyungchun Gender Male Age at Arrest 60 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Camera reporter for the Chosun Jungang Broadcasting Committee Date of Imprisonment March 2000

Status Died in May 2001

After filming a number of areas in North Korea, he Reason for criticized the regime by saying that KIM, Jong-Il only Imprisonment focuses on creating a mythological story about himself , ignoring his people. Life in Prison Kim died three days after he slid and fell while carrying wood during the winter.

Name KIM, Gwangyeon Gender Male Age at Arrest 32 Hometown Wonsan -City, Gangwon -Do Occupation in NK Researcher at the Science Center (located in Pyongsung - City) Date of Imprisonment July 2001

Status Deceased Criticized the political system: Stated, “I want to live in Reason for another country. I can’t conduct my research here, and Imprisonment there is no guarantee of research either.” Life in Prison Due to his imprisonment and torture, Mr. KIM died of malnutrition in Jan. 2002 - six months after he entered the camp.

Name KIM, Ranyoung Gender Female Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer in Onsung -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Date of Imprisonment May 2004

Status Unknown Reason for Criticized the North Korean political system. Imprisonment

Name KIM, Sungjoon Gender Male Age at Arrest 40 Hometown Dukcheon -City, Pyongannam -Do Occupation in NK Instructor at the Division Two, National Security Agency Date of Imprisonment May 2001

Status Unknown Reason for Leaked a National Secret Imprisonment Assumed to be the same reason as KIM, Changwan

Name KIM, Suwon Gender Male Age at Arrest 47 Hometown Juwon -Ri, Onsung -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Farmer in Juwon Farm Date of Imprisonment June 2000

Status Deceased Reason for Criticized the Regime: Criticized the political system while Imprisonment intoxicated. Life in Prison Died of malnutrition because the guards stopped giving him food. Their reason was that he was not being a good prisoner.

Name KIM, Young -gil Gender Male Age at Arrest 43 Hometown Ganggye -City, Jagang -Do Occupation in NK Sports instructor in the 8 th Headquarter, Chosun People’s Guards Date of Imprisonment March 2000 Status Unknown Kim was sent to Czechoslovakia to teach Taekwondo. He was Reason for imprisoned because he compared and criticized the North Imprisonment Korean political system after returning from Czechoslovakia.

Name KIM, Eunho Gender Male Age at Arrest 52 Hometown Yonggwang -Gun, Pyongannam -Do Occupation in NK Senior at the Trade Bureau Date of Imprisonment March 2000 Status Unknown Criticized the political system and set up a slush fund : Talked Reason for to friends about the food supply problem and the political Imprisonment system. Life in Prison Broke his leg by slipping on snow while carrying wood.

Name KIM, Jongbok Gender Male Age at Arrest 52 Hometown Yangduk -Gun, Pyungannam -Do Occupation in NK Chief of the People’s Committee in Yangduk -Gun Date of Imprisonment March 2000

Status Died of malnutrition in December 2001 Criticized the Political system : Complained by saying, “what Reason for is the party doing for the people?” when North Koreans Imprisonment started to die of hunger during the ‘ordeal marching’. Life in Prison He was imprisoned in a solitary cell because he stole corn.

Name KIM, Changwan Gender Male Age at Arrest 40 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Instructor at the Division Two, National Security Agency (Worked as a translator for the United Nations until 1999) Date of Imprisonment August 2001

Status Unknown Criticized the NK regime : While drinking with his friends, Kim said “Our representative at the UN said North Reason for Koreans don’t travel abroad because they think North Imprisonment Korea is the best country in the world. But that is not true- it’s because we are not allowed to travel abroad.” Someone reported his words to the authorities.

Name KIM, Hyungrak Gender Male Age at Arrest 34 (born in 1940) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Pilot of the First Airplane, which was KIM, Il -Sung’s private plane Date of Imprisonment 1974

Status Imprisoned till 1992 He often said “When we were traveling around Eastern Europe communist countries in the 1960s, KIM, Il-Sung told me that he liked traveling around in his own airplane. Reason for KIM, Jong-Il was with us too.” Kim Jong-Il did not like a Imprisonment mere pilot calling his name without respect, so he ordered the National Security Agency to arrest Kim and his entire family.

Name KIM, Heungchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 26 (born in 1960) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1986

Discharged before the end of his sentence because he Status reported a secret meeting of a Christian group created by PARK, Hyuncheol and KIM, Hongam in the camp, in 1989.

Reason for Criticized the agenda of the communist party while he was Imprisonment intoxicated.

Name NOH, Chunsam Gender Male Age at Arrest 27 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Mining and forestry laborer in Samjiyeon -Gun, Yanggang - Do Date of Imprisonment June, 2000

Status Sent to an unknown location in August 2000 Reason for Complaints Imprisonment Continuously criticized KIM, Jong -Il even after he was sent to the political camp. It is assumed that he was sent to Life in Prison the Complete Control District, where no one can be released during his or her lifetime.

Name PARK, Kyung -il Gender Male Age at Arrest 45 Hometown Hamheung -City Occupation in NK Laborer at the Heungnam Chemical Factory in Hamheung - City Date of Imprisonment April 2000

Status Died of colitis in June 2001

Reason for Complaints: Someone reported him for saying, “KIM, Imprisonment Jong-Il kills people through hunger.” Life in Prison Died of colitis owing to eating manure mixed with corn since he was not being fed.* The reason he was not being fed was that he was not being a good worker.

* Prisoners normally work on sowing, weeding and distributing manure during farming season from April to July, and officials mix manure into the corn to make sure the prisoners do not eat the seeds. However, hungry prisoners give little regard to this and eat the manure anyway, which often results in a fatal contraction of colitis

Name PARK, Sunhyup Gender Male Age at Arrest 58 Hometown Hamheung -City, Hamkyungnam -Do Occupation in NK Local material dealer, Hamheung, Hamkyungnam -Do Date of Imprisonment April 2000

Status Unknown Reason for He was reported for criticizing the political system. Imprisonment

Name PARK, Young -gi Gender Male Age at Arrest 52 Hometown Shinuiju Occupation in NK Head of Borobong Trade Shinoiju Subsidiary, Recruiting Division, People’s Military Department Date of Imprisonment November 2001

Status Died of malnutrition in December 2002 Discussed and criticized the political system : Park was a Reason for talkative person. He criticized the government by saying Imprisonment that “the leader of the country (Kim Jong-Il) does not feed his people” Life in Prison He was imprisoned in a solitary cell because he stole corn.*

* In the camp, the detainees forcibly labor for an average of 12-15 hours a day. They plant cabbage and radishes after the seasonal grass cutting. Most of the produce is taken to Pyongyang and the remaining is given to the detainees. It is common that the starving detainees steal raw corn, but when this is discovered, they are placed in a small, solitary cell. Food is not served while in solitary confinement.

Name PARK, Insik Gender Male Age at Arrest 38 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Material instructor at the side job farm of the guards’ office Date of Imprisonment Sep. 2001

Status Deceased Reason for Criticized the North Korea political system while Imprisonment intoxicated Life in Prison While working with manure in Feb. 2003, he was caught stealing the honey managed by the security council officers. He died of malnutrition in a solitary cell.

Name SHIN, Bulchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 67 (born in 1905) Hometown Gaesung Occupation in NK Comedian Date of Imprisonment 1972

Status Deceased Reason for He made a comedy about the difficulties of North Korean Imprisonment life.

Name SHIN, Youngsook Gender Female Age at Arrest 38 Hometown Shinpo, Hamkyungnam -Do Occupation in NK Announcer at the Shinpo Fishery Business Center Date of Imprisonment Nov. 1999

Status Unknown Reason for Made criticisms against the North Korean political system Imprisonment while intoxicated.

Name YEOM, Joonsik Gender Male Age at Arrest 60 Hometown Pihyun -Gun, Pyonganbuk -Do Occupation in NK Labor Date of Imprisonment July 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Criticized the political system : Stated, “KIM, Jong -Il is Imprisonment killing people through hunger,” while intoxicated.

Name JEONG, Haksu Gender Male Age at Arrest 42 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer in Gawngpo Duck Factory in Jeongpyung -Gun, Hamkyungnam-Do Date of Imprisonment Sep. 2000

Status Died of malnutrition in Jan. 2003 Reason for Criticized the political system after drinking with friends. Imprisonment

Name CHO, Chulsik Gender Male Age at Arrest 48 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Instructor at the Business Control Office in Pyongyang - City Date of Imprisonment Sep. 2002

Status Unknown Reason for Criticized the North Korean political system. Imprisonment

Name CHA, Gwangho Gender Male Age at Arrest 65 Hometown Wongsan -City, Gangwon -Do Occupation in NK Reporter for the Chosun Jungang Communication Company Date of Imprisonment Jan. 1999

Status Died of malnutrition in Dec. 2001 Cha criticized KIM, Jong-Il by saying that, since Kim’s power, the Reason for government’s primary focus has been to build up a mythological Imprisonment story about Kim, disregarding the lives of the people. Life in Prison Injured his back while carrying wood. He was no longer able to work, and because of this, he was not given any food.

Name CHOI, Gwangho Gender Male Age at Arrest 47 Hometown Buryung -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Staff member for the Chemical Material Undertaking Center in Buryung-Gun Date of Imprisonment April 2001

Status Publicly executed

Reason for Was reported because he said, “I can’t live in North Korea Imprisonment anymore; I will head for South Korea through China.” Life in Prison He broke away from his group during grass cutting to relieve his hunger by eating some wild fruit. The security guard accused him of trying to escape, and he was publicly executed on August 28, 2001.

Name CHOI, Younghwa Gender Male Age at Arrest 49 (born in 1940) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK The Second Chief English Lecturer at the University of International Relations, Pyongyang

*He attended an examination for the crew on the American ship, Pueblo. He came to recognize the discrepancies of the North Korean political system after reading some English books from the attendants.

Date of Imprisonment 1989

Status Imprisoned till 1992 Complaints : While intoxicated, he stated, “Foreign writers Reason for have an easier life than us. We have to write as if directed Imprisonment by Kim Il-Sung’s thoughts, so we have to think a lot.” It was reported and he was soon after imprisoned.

Name HWANG, Jongho Gender Male Age at Arrest 47 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Medical doctor in the First Aid Division of the Municipal People’s Hospital, Gaesung-City Date of Imprisonment Nov. 1999

Status Unknown Criticized the Political system: Imprisoned for talking Reason for about the inferior North Korean Medical Center to a Imprisonment foreign medical service team.

Degrading the Authority of ttthethe Chosun Labor Party and Embezzlement of Party Fund

Name KANG, Youngseon Gender Male Age at Arrest 45 Hometown Nampo Occupation in NK Instructor of the Nampo Security Council Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Alive Reason for Degraded the dignity of the Party by taking a bribe in Imprisonment China

Name KANG, Hak -geun Gender Male Age at Arrest 67 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Chief prosecutor in the Seosung District, Pyongyang Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Alive The Incident in the Pyongcheon District of the National Reason for Security Agency Imprisonment

* The Incident in the Pyongcheon District of the National Security Agency : A National Security Agency officer who worked in the North Korean Embassy in Russia sold missiles to Yemen, making a huge profit. The officer embezzled part of it and presented the rest to Kim, Jong-Il, which made him a hero of the country. He was then granted a promotion to the position of director in the Pyongcheon District of the National Security Agency. However, his embezzlement was later discovered by the overseas division of the top inspection team under the Prosecutor’s office. It was reported to Kim, Jong-Il, and the officer was publicly executed. It is believed that the National Security Agency took vengeance on the Prosecutors’ office for the dead officer. Mr. Yeom was allegedly involved in this act

50 of revenge, and was thus sent to the prison.

Name KIM, Gwangho Gender Male Age at Arrest 44 Hometown Hamheung -City, Hamkyungnam -Do Occupation in NK Instructor in Division 2 of the Ministry of Social Safety Date of Imprisonment Sep. 1999

Status Unknown Degraded the authority of the Party and became a non - Reason for Socialist Imprisonment Mr. Kim watched a South Korean videotape, and his wife reported it to the police.

Name KIM, Geunchil Gender Male Age at Arrest 38 Hometown Jeonchun -Gun, Jagang -Do Occupation in NK Shoe repairman, Gangye -City, Jagang -Do Date of Imprisonment Nov. 2001

Status Died of malnutrition Degraded the authority of the Party Reason for Disguised himself as an instructor of the party when he Imprisonment visited Pyongyang, and arrested for this when he visited there a second time.

Name KIM, Byungnam Gender Male Age at Arrest 66 Hometown Cheongjin -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Secretary of the Yanggang -Do Communist Party Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Alive Reason for Degraded the dignity of the Party by taking a bribe. Imprisonment

Name KIM, Bongsun Gender Female Age at Arrest 65 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Vice Director of the Pyongyang Security Agency Date of Imprisonment Dec. 2001

Status Unknown Reason for The CHOI, Moonduk’s Fabrication Case Imprisonment

* The CHOI, Moonduk’s Fabrication Case (also called “The 1996 Odaesan Commando Case”) : CHOI, Political Director of the Social Safety Department at the time, falsely reported to KIM, Jong-Il that the Odaesan Commando Team was a special force belonging to the South Korean Government and that its duty was to attack the North Korean Headquarters. KIM, Jong-Il executed 2,000 people involved in the Odaesan Commando Team, including KIM, Giseon, primary secretary of the Party, and PI, Changmin, vice director at the central headquarters of the Party. Later on, the families of the victims appealed to re-investigate the case, and it was found the case was a fabrication. KIM, Jong-Il then ordered the execution of 70 people related to the fabrication, including CHOI, Moonduk.

Name KIM, Sungdo Gender Male Age at Arrest 67 Hometown Hamheung -City, Hamkyungnam -Do Occupation in NK Senior Instructor responsible for Shinpo -City in Division 2 of the National Security Agency Date of Imprisonment March 2000

Status Assumed to be executed Reason for Maintained a slush fund Imprisonment

Name KIM, Yunsik Gender Male Age at Arrest 52 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Chief Prosecutor in the Jung District, Pyongyang Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000 Status Alive The Incident in the Pyongcheon District of the National Reason for Security Agency Imprisonment

Name KIM, Jongsuk Gender Male Age at Arrest 60 Hometown Pyongseong -City Pyongannam -Do Occupation in NK President of Seokyung Trading Company, under the Financial Department of Central Headquarters of the Party Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000 Status Unknown Reason for Embezzled funds owned by the Party Imprisonment

Name KIM, Changok Gender Female Age at Arrest 37 Hometown Pyongcheon -district Occupation in NK Conductor of the Pyongyang Arts Center Date of Imprisonment Feb. 1992

Status Unknown Degraded the authority of the Party: Her husband was a composer of Gippeumjo (translated as "Joy Brigade") for Reason for Kim Jong-Il, and would talk about Kim Jong-Il’s private Imprisonment life. When KIM, Changok was divorcing from her husband, they spoke maliciously about each other, and the Party found their conversations to be slanderous. Life in Prison Was waiting for her sister’s help. Her sister worked as the first Chinese-Korean translator for KIM, Il-Sung.

Name KIM, Chuljun Gender Male Age at Arrest 43 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Representative of the Russia subsidiary of North Korean Air Date of Imprisonment Sep. 2001

Status Alive Embezzlement of Party Funds: He embezzled profits made Reason for by importing missile components from Ukraine. His Imprisonment foreign personal account was found.

Name PARK, Myungcheol Gender Male Age at Arrest 40 Hometown Nampo Occupation in NK Security officer in the Safety Division, Ryunggang -Gun Date of Imprisonment Oct. 2000

Status Unknown Reason for The CHOI, Moonduk’s Fabrication Case Imprisonment

Name PARK, Changsun Gender Male Age at Arrest 53 -55 Hometown Jung -district Occupation in NK Vice Director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in charge of weapon exports Date of Imprisonment May 1992

Status Discharged in Jan. 1994 Reason for Degraded the dignity of the Party by having a personal Imprisonment bank account in a foreign country Life in Prison He worked as the inspector of the revolutionary-district.

Name PARK, Ikhyun Gender Male Age at Arrest 35 (born in 1940) Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment Around 1975

Status Discharged in Feb. 1992 Reason for imprisonment is not identified; however, his Reason for charge was extended to 15 years in the YODUK camp owing Imprisonment to ripping out KIM, Il-Sung’s picture on the Labor Daily Newspaper.

Name SONG, Geunil Gender Male Age at Arrest 67 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Brigade Commander of the 7 th Headquarter in the Chosun National Guards Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Died of malnutrition in Dec. 2001 Reason for Debased the dignity of the Party by maintaining a slush Imprisonment fund in China Life in Prison Could not work properly owing to a leg injury he got while he was gathering wood. His food supply was cut off after his injury.

Name SHIM, Euntaek Gender Male Age at Arrest 65 Hometown Gapsan -Gun, Yanggang -Do Occupation in NK Yanggang -Do Chief Prosecutor Date of Imprisonment Nov. 2000 Status Alive Reason for Degraded the dignity of the Party by taking a bribe. Imprisonment

Name SHIM, Chulho *Son of SHIM, Changhan, the former head of the Social Safety Bureau Gender Male Age at Arrest 42 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Vice president of the Ministry of Post and Communication Date of Imprisonment Sep. 2001

Status Alive

Debased the dignity of the National Security Agency : Talked about Division 12 of the National Security Agency Reason for (which specializes in tapping and shadowing) by saying, Imprisonment “you tap only without catching any spies”, and was arrested for speaking with insolence.

Life in Prison He lost 30kgs and was transferred to the weak labor team. Just before being released, he was sent to the threshing warehouse for nourishment, by order of Kim Jong-Il.

Name AHN, Wongil Gender Male Age at Arrest 50 Hometown Nampo Occupation in NK Secretary SEO, Yunseok , a Chief Secretary of Pyongannam-Do Provincial Party Office Date of Imprisonment May 2002

Status Alive Reason for Debased the dignity of the Party by maintaining a slush Imprisonment fund. Due to the harsh torture of the National Security Agency, Life in Prison he could not use his legs properly.

Name AHN, Changnam Gender Male Age at Arrest 51 Hometown Kanggye -City, Jagang -Do Occupation in NK Law Office Director of the Central People’s Committee Date of Imprisonment Nov. 1999

Status Alive Reason for The National Security Agency detected his dealings with Imprisonment the Chinese.

Name UHM, Hajin Gender Male Age at Arrest Unknown Hometown Seosung -district Occupation in NK Composer of an orchestra Date of Imprisonment Jan. 1990

Status Discharged by the order of KIM, Jong-Il on April, 1992 Reason for Degraded the authority of the Party Imprisonment

Name YEOM, Jeongjae Gender Male Age at Arrest 52 Hometown Hyesan -City, Yanggang -Do Occupation in NK Chief Prosecutor of the Moranbong -District, Pyongyang Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Alive Reason for The Incident in the Pyongcheon District of the National Imprisonment Security Agency

Name YUN, Soonchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 44 Hometown Nampo Occupation in NK Preliminary Judge in the Safety Division, Ryunggang-Gun Date of Imprisonment Nov. 2000

Status Unknown Reason for The CHOI, Moonduk’s Fabrication Case Imprisonment

Name LEE, Myungho Gender Male Age at Arrest 68 Hometown Hwangju -City, Hwanghaebuk -Do Occupation in NK Political Director of the forestry subsidiary in the National Security Agency in Russia Date of Imprisonment Nov. 1999

Status Alive Reason for Maintained a slush fund while staying in Russia Imprisonment

Name JANG, Myunghwa Gender Female Age at Arrest 39 Hometown Hyesan -City, Yanggang -Do Occupation in NK People’s Military Department Reconnaissance Division Date of Imprisonment April 2000

Status Died of malnutrition Reason for Embezzled funds owned by the Party Imprisonment Placed in solitary confinement after it was discovered she Life in Prison had an affair with GIL, Jeonghyun while in prison.

Name JANG, Chunkwon Gender Male Age at Arrest 66 Hometown Kangdong -Gun, Pyongannam -Do Occupation in NK Brigade Commander of the 7 th Headquarter in the Chosun National Guards Date of Imprisonment Nov. 1999

Status Alive Reason for Debased the dignity of the Party by organizing a slush fund Imprisonment in China.

Name JANG, Chioek Gender Male Age at Arrest 44 Hometown Nampo Occupation in NK Preliminary judge for the Preliminary Examination Department, in the Safety Division, Nampo-district Date of Imprisonment Oct. 2000

Status Unknown Reason for The CHOI, Moonduk’s Fabrication Case Imprisonment

Name CHO, Bong -ae Gender Female Age at Arrest 42 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Office worker in the business center, Suncheon -City, Pyungannam-Do Date of Imprisonment Sep. 2000 Status Unknown Embezzled Military funds: Disguised as an instructor from Reason for Security Council Headquarters, she embezzled resources Imprisonment coming into the military for personal gain. Life in Prison Imprisoned in a solitary cell for saying something “out of line.”

Name CHO, Sukchun Gender Male Age at Arrest 65 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Security Council Director of the railway office in the National Security Agency Date of Imprisonment Sep. 2001

Status Unknown Reason for The CHOI, Moonduk’s Fabrication Case Imprisonment

Name CHA, Boksoon Gender Female Age at Arrest 58 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Branch manager of Pyongyang Branch, Promotion Company of the No.2 Economic Committee Date of Imprisonment Nov. 1999

Status Unknown Reason for Unfair trade with foreigners Imprisonment

Name CHOI, Young -gil Gender Male Age at Arrest 50 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Instructor at the Yukyung subsidiary office for the Chosun Pyongyang Trade Company Date of Imprisonment Nov. 1999

Status Alive Reason for Embezzled funds owned by the Party Imprisonment

Name HAN, Myungchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 58 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Director of the People’s Security Bureau Date of Imprisonment May 2004

Status Unknown Reason for Debased the dignity of the Party Imprisonment

Name HAN, Youngtae Gender Male Age at Arrest 60 Hometown Cheongjin -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Director of the Haegeum Security Council Date of Imprisonment May 2001

Status Died of malnutrition in 2002 Reason for Embezzlement: Arrested for the same reason as HWANG, Imprisonment Sungjin

Name HWANG, Sungjin Gender Male Age at Arrest 55 Hometown Wonsan -City, Gangwon -Do Occupation in NK President of Haegeum Trade Company, People’s Military Department Date of Imprisonment May 2001

Status Unknown Embezzlement & criticism of the political system : Mr. Hwang imported marine equipment at a low price, and Reason for exported it at a high price. It was also reported that he Imprisonment compared North Korea to other countries during his overseas business trip.

Name Unknown Gender Male Age at Arrest 66 Hometown Yanggang -Do Occupation in NK Provincial Security Council Chief in Yanggang -Do Date of Imprisonment Nov. 2000 Died of torture and beatings by the National Security Status Agency in Dec. 2000 Reason for Degraded the dignity of the Party by taking a bribe. Imprisonment Nearly dead when he entered the camp due to the harsh Life in Prison torture he experienced during his examination. He died a month later.

Name Unknown Gender Male Age at Arrest 62 Hometown Daean -district, Nampo Occupation in NK Security Director of the Daean -district, Nampo Date of Imprisonment Oct. 2000

Status Unknown Reason for The CHOI, Moonduk’s Fabrication Case Imprisonment

Name Unknown Gender Male Age at Arrest 59 Hometown Ryunggang -Gun, Pyongannam -Do Occupation in NK Safety Vice Director in the Safety Division, Ryunggang -Gun Date of Imprisonment Oct. 2000

Status Unknown Reason for The CHOI, Moonduk’s Fabrication Case Imprisonment

Name Unknown Gender Male Age at Arrest 59 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Director of the Security Council in Raklang -district, Pyongyang-City Date of Imprisonment Sep. 2002

Status Unknown Reason for Fabricated a case Imprisonment

Name Unknown Gender Male Age at Arrest 58 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Vice Director of the People’s Security Bureau Date of Imprisonment May 2004

Status Unknown Reason for Debased the dignity of the Party Imprisonment

Plotting

AntiAnti----GovernmentGovernment Action and AntiAnti----GovernmentGovernment Activity

Name KIM, Gun -gi Gender Male Age at Arrest 44 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Foreign Business Division, the Ministry of the People’s Army

Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Died of malnutrition in 2001

Reason for The Case of the North Korean Students Studying in Germany Imprisonment Life in Prison He was half dead when he was imprisoned, and dragged around at the job site.

* The Case of the North Korean Students Studying in Germany : KIM, along with other North Korean students in Germany, while intoxicated, said “We should get some high positions in the government after studying here.” This was interpreted as an anti-government conspiracy.

Name KIM, Gwangsik Gender Male Age at Arrest 46 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Secretary at the North Korean Embassy in Austria Date of Imprisonment May 2000

Status Alive Reason for The Case of the North Korean Students Studying in Germany Imprisonment Life in Prison Although he was imprisoned in good health, soon all his nails and toenails fell out due to malnutrition.

Name KIM, Seokchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 40 Hometown Shinuiju, Pyonganbuk -Do Occupation in NK Colonel of the Reconnaissance Division in the North Korean Army Date of Imprisonment June 2000

Status Unknown Reason for The Case of the North Korean Students Studying in Germany Imprisonment

Name KIM, Sungbong Gender Male Age at Arrest 22 (born in 1965) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Student of the Film and Arts College, Film Department Date of Imprisonment 1987

Status Discharged in 1991 Reason for Anti -government behavior: Listened to South Korean Imprisonment songs and sang them in public.

Name KIM, Seung -gon Gender Male Age at Arrest 44 Hometown Shinuiju, Pyonganbuk -Do Occupation in NK Chief of the Reconnaissance Division in the North Korea Army Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Alive Reason for Charged with conspiracy over an anti-government plot and Imprisonment The Case of the North Korean Students Studying in Germany. Life in Prison He was the leader of the construction unit during imprisonment, and was discharged on order on Feb. 16, 2002, the birthday of KIM, Jong-Il..

Name KIM, Yeolmo Gender Male Age at Arrest 58 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Colonel of the North Korean Army Date of Imprisonment Sep. 2003

Status Unknown Reason for Against the North Korean Regime Imprisonment

Name KIM, Inchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 27 (born in 1961) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK International student at Odesha University, Soviet Union Date of Imprisonment 1988

Status Discharged in 1991 Reason for Anti-government behavior Imprisonment

Name KIM, Ilhyun Gender Male Age at Arrest 40 Hometown Kimchaek, North Hamgyong Occupation in NK Laborer in the Musan mine Date of Imprisonment Dec. 1999

Status Immigrated to Canada Reason for Revealed that he met his uncle who lives in Canada while Imprisonment he was in China.

Name KIM, Jungmin Gender Male Age at Arrest 48 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Instructor at the 414 Communication Center in the Chosun Labor Party Date of Imprisonment June 2000

Status Unknown Anti -government plot: During his overseas study in 1988 at Frunze Military School, Russia, his sworn brotherhood Reason for with PARK, Kyungsoo* became a cause for concern.. Imprisonment *PARK, Kyung-Soo was the first lieutenant and platoon leader of 7625 military unit of the North Korean Army. Life in Prison Broke his leg while carrying wood, becoming disabled.

Name KIM, Jongmyung Gender Male Age at Arrest 46 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Engineer at a post office in Pyongyang Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Unknown Anti -socialism: Mr. Kim listened to South Korean Reason for broadcasting with a radio and discussed this with his wife, Imprisonment which troubled her. She reported him to the Security Council.

Name KIM, Chulwoong Gender Male Age at Arrest 29 Hometown Hyungjaesan -district Occupation in NK Student of JANG, Chulgoo University Date of Imprisonment March 1990

Status Unknown Anti-government plot: Arrested because of his involvement Reason for in the “Hyungjaesan-District Vice Director of the National Imprisonment Security Agency Case” in 1989. Life in Prison During imprisonment, he was sentenced to solitary confinement for a time because he wrote anonymous notices, for which he blamed KIM, Hyungseop, a security agent.

Name LEE, Geunhyuk Gender Male Age at Arrest 29 (born in 1960) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK International student at Kajan University, Soviet Union Date of Imprisonment 1989 Status Discharged in 1991 Reason for Anti -government behavior: Mr. Lee often spent time with Imprisonment local foreigners, which violated the rules of the embassy.

Name MAENG, Gyungnam Gender Male Age at Arrest 43 Hometown Jeongju -City, Pyonganbuk -Do Occupation in NK Foreign Business Division, the Ministry of the People’s Army Date of Imprisonment May 2000 Status Alive Reason for The Case of the North Korean Students Studying in Germany Imprisonment Life in Prison Too weak to work while he was imprisoned.

Name PARK, Kyungsoo Gender Male Age at Arrest 50 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Senior of the 414 Communication Center in the Chosun Labor Party Date of Imprisonment June 2000

Status Alive Anti -government plot: During his overseas study in 1988 at Frunze Military School, Russia, his sworn brotherhood with KIM, Jongmin* became a cause for concern.

Reason for *KIM Jong-min was a former officer of the Social Safety Imprisonment Bureau. He was head of the DaeYang Trading Company under the Labor Party, but applied for political asylum at a Korean embassy in Europe. After being granted political asylum status, he entered South Korea.

Name PARK, Si -ae Gender Female Age at Arrest 38 Hometown Mankyungdae -district, Pyongyang Occupation in NK Dance Director at the Pyongyang Student Palace Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Unknown Anti -socialism : Ms. Park had an affair with a Korean - Reason for Japanese man, and her husband, a National Security Imprisonment Agency agent, reported it to the police. Her partner was sent to the Complete Control District.

Name PARK, Youngsoo Gender Male Age at Arrest 27 (born in 1960) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Staff member of the Creative Department in Mansudae Date of Imprisonment 1987

Status Discharged in 1990 Reason for Anti-government behavior: Sold the badge of KIM, Il-Sung. Imprisonment

Name PARK, Hyungcheol (Father was an air force colonel, mother was a maid of KIM, Il-Sung) Gender Male Age at Arrest 26 (born in 1962) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Student of Pyongyang Railway College Date of Imprisonment 1988

Transferred to an unknown location due in 1989 due to his Status belief in Christianity Anti -government behavior : Created an organization to Reason for train people and make an elite group during his college Imprisonment years. One of the members of the organization reported this to the party.

Name SEO, Jin Gender Male Age at Arrest 44 Hometown Hwangju -City, Hwanghaebuk -Do Occupation in NK Foreign Business Division, the Ministry of the People’s Army Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Died by malnutrition in June 2002 Reason for The Case of the North Korean Students Studying in Germany Imprisonment

Name AHN, Yongsun Gender Male Age at Arrest 24 (born in 1963) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1987

Status Released in 1991 Reason for Was revealed as the communicator of an anti -government Imprisonment group.

Name YU, Chulnam Gender Male Age at Arrest 27 (born in 1961) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK International student at Odesha University, Soviet Union Date of Imprisonment 1988

Status Discharged in 1991 Reason for Anti-government behavior: Revisionism Imprisonment

Name LEE, Myunghak Gender Male Age at Arrest 36 Hometown Hamheung Occupation in NK Laborer in the Number 66 Business Center in Hamkyungnam-Do Date of Imprisonment Oct. 2001

Status Unknown Conspired to overthrow Kim Jong -Il’s regime : Arrested for having a fuse in his possession, which authorities believed Reason for he would use to blow up the train used by Kim Jong-Il. He Imprisonment was investigated for 3 years over charges associated with this case.

Name LEE, Seonhwa Gender Female Age at Arrest 24 (born in 1963) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Student of the French Department at International Relations University Date of Imprisonment 1987

Status Discharged in 1989 Reason for Anti-socialist: Ms. Lee vulgarly danced with foreigners. Imprisonment

Name LEE, Jooho Gender Male Age at Arrest 27 (born in 1960) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK International student at Moscow University Date of Imprisonment 1987

Status Discharged in 1990 Reason for Anti -government behavior: Mr. Lee violated the rules of Imprisonment the Embassy while living in Moscow

Name JANG, Gitaek Gender Male Age at Arrest 26 (born in 1962) Hometown Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK International student at Jangchun Industrial College in China Date of Imprisonment 1988

Status Discharged in 1991 Anti -government behavior: Mr. Jang travelled around Reason for while staying in China, which violated the rules of the Imprisonment Embassy.

Name JANG, Pa Gender Male Age at Arrest 40 Hometown Chungyang -district, Chungjin -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Unemployed Date of Imprisonment March 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Anti-government: Sold KIM, Il-Sung’s portrait in China. Imprisonment

Name HONG, Soonho (a school mate of KIM, Jong -Il) Gender Male Age at Arrest 46 (born in 1940) Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Senior Officer of the Military Department for the Central Government Date of Imprisonment 1986

Status Imprisonment identified till 1992 Reason for Imprisoned with his wife and four children for the betrayal Imprisonment of Kim, Jong-Il’s trust

Christianity, EspionageEspionage,,,, and Exposing National Secrets

Name KANG, Chulho Gender Male Age at Arrest 39 Hometown Shinyuijuu, Pyunganbuk -Do Occupation in NK Instructor at the Trade Division in Pyunganbuk -Do Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Alive Reason for Spy: Suspected to have a connection with the NIS in South Imprisonment Korea while he was studying in China. Life in Prison KANG, Chulho

Name GOH, Eunghee Gender Female Age at Arrest 24 Hometown Chunrima -district, Nampo Occupation in NK Laborer at the City Construction Business Center Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Christian Imprisonment

Name KWAK, Gwangho Gender Male Age at Arrest 40 Hometown Dongmyung -Dong, Hoeryong -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Unemployed Date of Imprisonment June 2000

Status Died of malnutrition Reason for Arrested for brokering separated families Imprisonment The guards did not feed him owing to his poor grass Life in Prison cutting skills.* He was forced to go without food for days.

* Grass cutting is the toughest task for the detainees. They have to cut 800kg of grass a day, and carry the cut grass for more than 1,000m, which is a grueling task. Unfortunately, they do not receive any food unless they complete the workload, and sometimes the prisoners would cry when they were cutting the grass. Grass cutting is normally carried out during monsoon season, so they are soaked in rain while working.

Name KIM, Kyungil Gender Male Age at Arrest 34 Hometown Satbyul -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Programmer of the National Defense Science Research Center (Yongsung-district, Pyongyang) Date of Imprisonment August 2001

Status Unknown Reason for Leaked a national secret when trying to sell a program to Imprisonment China

Name KIM, Gwangnam Gender Male Age at Arrest 38 Hometown Hoeryong -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Laborer at Hoeryong Station Date of Imprisonment April 2000

Status Unknown Espionage: Mr. Kim got help from a Christian in China, and was arrested when he tried to return to North Korea. Reason for Due to the severe torture, he made a false confession that Imprisonment he was assigned a special task by South Korea, and was thus accused of espionage.

Name KIM, Dukwon Gender Male Age at Arrest 55 Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Instructor at the Wolmyungsan Trading Company in the Central People’s Council Date of Imprisonment Nov. 2000

Status Unknown

Reason for Espionage Imprisonment Life in Prison He was relatively healthy during imprisonment, and worked as a boiler engineer by bribing the agents. He was a specialist in ‘Karate’, and he said he was an agent in Chochongnyon in Japan.

Name KIM, Dongguk Gender Male Age at Arrest 49 Hometown Jangryung Company House in Seosung -district

Occupation in NK Chief of the Communications Department in the Ministry of People’s Military

Date of Imprisonment March 1993

Status Discharged in March 1995 Reason for Leaked a national secret Imprisonment Became a supervisor of the third group in the Life in Prison Revolutionary District, and discharged while he was a chief supervisor.

Name KIM, Sukchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 30 Hometown Jeonchun -Gun, Jagang -Do Occupation in NK Soldier of the 131 Instruction Division in the Chosun Labor Party Date of Imprisonment Nov. 1999

Status Unknown Reason for Leaked a national secret related to a nuclear facility. Imprisonment

Name KIM, Sunchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 37 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Pilot of the Division 4 Air Force Headquarters, People’s Military Department Date of Imprisonment Sep. 2002

Status Unknown Reason for Leaked a national secret Imprisonment Mentioned to his brother that a new airplane arrived.

Name KIM, Youngil Gender Male Age at Arrest 48 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Agent of Sector 35 in the Chosun Labor Party Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Espionage Imprisonment

Name KIM, Youngjoon Gender Male Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Chungam -district, Chungjin -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Chungjin -station train dispatcher Date of Imprisonment July 2001

Status Died on June 21, 2002. Reason for Worked as a broker for families separated by the Korean War Imprisonment Life in Prison Could not properly move due to malnutrition.

Name KIM, Youngchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 43 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Instructor at Mankyungbong 92, Instructor at Division 2 in National Security Agency Date of Imprisonment May 2001

Status Unknown Reason for Leaked a national secret : Talked about the conditions of Imprisonment North Korea when he visited Japan.

Name KIM, Younghwa Gender Female Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Chunrima -district, Nampo Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Christian Imprisonment

Name KIM, Yungil Gender Male Age at Arrest 43 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Senior Officer at the Food Supply Office in Pyongyang -City Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Longed for South Korea when working at a North Korean Imprisonment restaurant in the Czech Republic.

Name KIM, Iksoo Gender Male Age at Arrest 58 Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Instructor at the Maebong Trade Company in the Top General Staff Office of the People’s Military Department Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000 Status Unknown Reason for Leaked a national secret: Spoke about conditions in North Imprisonment Korea when trading fishery in Japan Life in Prison Mr. Kim suffered from torture and long -term imprisonment. According to him, he studied medical science in Japan, and worked as a medical doctor for a while after he was sent to North Korea

Name KIM, Ilgyung Gender Male Age at Arrest 30 (born in 1958) Hometown Pyunganbuk -Do Occupation in NK Agent specializing in secret document handling in the National Security Agency Date of Imprisonment March 1988 Status Discharged in 1991 Reason for Leaked a national secret Imprisonment

Name KIM, Jungmyung Gender Male Age at Arrest Born in 1945 Hometown South Korea Occupation in NK Imprisoned in the Control Center instantly after his arrival in North Korea Date of Imprisonment End of 1970s Status Released in 1992, and went to Hamheung with his family. Espionage: Smuggled to Japan and sent to North Korea. Reason for Imprisoned owing to suspicion of ‘espionage’ since he Imprisonment participated in the Vietnamese war. Became a father to a son in 1989 after his marriage with Life in Prison CHOI, Seunghee in the Control Center.

Name KIM, Jungsoo Gender Male Age at Arrest 38 Hometown Chunrima district, Nampo Occupation in NK Vice Director of the Student Union in the Chunrima District Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000 Status Unknown Reason for Christian Imprisonment

Name KIM, Chulyong Gender Male Age at Arrest 38 Hometown Hyesan -City, Yanggang -Do Occupation in NK Translator at the Trade Division in Yanggang -Do Date of Imprisonment Nov. 2000 Status Unknown Reason for Spy: He read a South Korean magazine while studying in China Imprisonment All his teeth were broken owing to severe torture by the Life in Prison Security Council.

Name KIM, Hwasoon Gender Female Age at Arrest 40 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Officer at Hwadae -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Date of Imprisonment Jan. 2005

Status Unknown Reason for Leaked a national secret related to the Musudan missile Imprisonment base

Name LEE, Seungchul (grandson of Dr. LEE, Seunggi) Gender Male Age at Arrest 27 Hometown Botonggang -district Occupation in NK International student at a Russian academy Date of Imprisonment May 1993

Status Unknown Reason for Espionage Imprisonment

Name PARK, Giyoung (Repatriated Korean -Japanese) Gender Male Age at Arrest Born in 1939 Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Scholar Date of Imprisonment 1970s

Status Imprisoned till 1992 Reason for Espionage Imprisonment

Name PARK, Soohyun Gender Male Age at Arrest 45 Hometown Musan, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Miner in Musan Date of Imprisonment Nov. 1999

Status Unknown Reason for Anti -government: Arrested for working as a broker who Imprisonment connected separated families.

Name SEO, Choonbo Gender Male Age at Arrest 55 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Senior Officer of Division 12 in the National Security Agency Date of Imprisonment August, 2002

Status Unknown Reason for Leaked a national secret Imprisonment

Name SHIN, Jeong -ae (ethnic Korean -Japanese) Gender Female Age at Arrest 50 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment April 2000

Status Alive Ms. Shin was imprisoned because she saw her sister who lives in South Korea while she was in China. Ms. Shin called her sister living in South Korea to come to China in August, 1999, met her, and then returned to her family in Reason for North Korea. She was arrested after safely crossing the Imprisonment border, and was investigated for 5 months by the National Security Agency in Musan-Gun, where she had to wake up at 5AM and sit absolutely still until 10PM. She thought she would be dead in Yoduk when she heard she was going to be sent there. For one year of her life in Yoduk, she saw 20 people out of 200 die. She herself was also carried by a handcart due to severe malnutrition, when she was discharged on April 29, 2001. Her daughter and son-in-law escaped to China, and her husband had already passed away. She met her son- Life in Prison in-law in China in July 2001, but was unfortunately captured by Chinese police and sent back to North Korea. She was able to be released due to her relatives’ help, and escaped to South Korea via South-East Asia in Sep. 2002. She currently lives in America.

Name YEOM, Youngchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 38 Hometown Chunrima District, Nampo Occupation in NK Chief of the Youth Union in the City Construction Office, Chunrima-district Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000 Status Unknown Reason for Christian Imprisonment

Name OH, Kyunghwan Gender Male Age at Arrest 56 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Instructor at Division 2 in the National Security Agency Date of Imprisonment Dec. 1999

Status Died of malnutrition in Dec. 2000 Reason for Leaked a national secret Imprisonment

Name YU, Gookjin Gender Male Age at Arrest 55 Hometown Kimchaek -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Vice Director of Foreign Affairs, Security Council, Hamkyungbuk-Do Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000 Status Discharged in Feb. 2002 In order to show achievement in the Party, The National Reason for Security Agency fabricated a case that some agents within Imprisonment the Agency, including Mr. Yu, were involved with the National Intelligence Service of South Korea. Life in Prison Almost died of malnutrition, but was discharged in Feb. 2002.

Name YUN, Sungmin Gender Male Age at Arrest 40 Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Vice Director of the Promotion Trading Company in the Number 2 Economic Committee Date of Imprisonment Sep. 2001 Status Unknown Reason for Leaked a national secret : Said to a friend that he sells Imprisonment military equipment to other countries.

Name YUN, Yangkwon Gender Male Age at Arrest 54 Hometown Nampo Occupation in NK Trade counselor in France Date of Imprisonment Nov. 1999

Status Alive

Spy: Received a message from the Party to attend a meeting, and was arrested at the airport in North Korea. Reason for He was accused of using products made in South Korea; Imprisonment however, it is assumed that he was also suspected for meeting a South Korean. Life in Prison During his imprisonment , he was in charge of foreign people, and then became a superintendent of second dormitory.

Name YUN, Youngcheol (Repatriation Korean -Japanese) Gender Male Age at Arrest 56 Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Dalian Subsidiary Chief of the Baekyang Company (a foreign currency collecting company) in the Guards of the People’s Military Department Date of Imprisonment Dec. 2000

Status Died in 2002 Reason for Traded with a South Korean in China Imprisonment Could not properly move owing to long -term imprisonment and malnutrition. He would wear a thick Life in Prison sweater, sent by his mother in Japan, and would often think about her while wearing it.

Name JANG, Gyungmoon Gender Male Age at Arrest 31 Hometown Haksan -Ri, Chulhak -Gun, Pyonganbuk -Do Occupation in NK International student at Chinghwa University in China Date of Imprisonment August 1991

Status Discharged in August 1994, and returned to his hometown Reason for Espionage: Arrested in China under suspicion that he was Imprisonment connected to the South Korean NIS.

Name JANG, Gwangok Gender Female Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Chunrima -district, Nampo Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment Feb. 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Christian Imprisonment

Name JANG, Hyunsoo Gender Male Age at Arrest 48 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Laborer for the Forestry Business Center in Russia Date of Imprisonment May 2003

Status Currently in South Korea Reason for Arrested when trying to head for South Korea after Imprisonment escaping from his work place.

Name JEON, Dosik Gender Male Age at Arrest 58 Hometown Sungcheongang -district in Hamkyungnam -Do Occupation in NK Vice Director of the Safety Bureau in Hamkyungnam -Do Date of Imprisonment July 1993 Status Unknown Reason for Leaked a national secret Imprisonment Life in Prison A supervisor of the Revolutionary District.

Name JEONG, Hyosook Gender Female Age at Arrest 40 Hometown Gaesung Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment Nov. 1999 Status Unknown Reason for Sold items of national heritage: She illegally excavated antiques, Imprisonment and was captured by the National Security Agency in 1999. She had a good relationship with the senior officer in the Revolutionary district in Seorimcheon because they both Life in Prison came from Gaesung. She had a comfortable life and took the position of the chief of the threshing warehouse.

Name JOO, Il Gender Male Age at Arrest 50 Hometown Hamkyungnam -Do Hamheung -City Occupation in NK Violinist in the Merits Chorus of the People’s Military Department Date of Imprisonment May 2001 Status Unknown Reason for Received money from his sister who lives in South Korea at Imprisonment Sambong-Gu, Onsung-Gu

Name JIN, Chulkwon Gender Male Age at Arrest 25 Hometown Gaesung Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment Nov. 2000

Status Unknown Imprisoned due to speaking out about comparisons Reason for between North and South Korea after reading a leaflet Imprisonment which flew in from South Korea.

Name CHEON, Changhee Gender Male Age at Arrest 35 Hometown Anbyun -Dun, Gangwon -Do Occupation in NK Soldier (a squad leader) in the 131 Instruction Divisions (Nuclear Facility Construction Unit) in the Chosun Labor Party. Date of Imprisonment Nov. 1999 Status Unknown Leaked a national secret: Talked about the construction of Reason for a nuclear facility to his brother, a soldier who was currently Imprisonment doing service.

Name HAN, Changhee Gender Female Age at Arrest 32 (born in 1956) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Instructor at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Date of Imprisonment 1988

Status Discharged in 1991 Reason for Improper relationship with a foreigner Imprisonment

Name HEO, Gwangchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 19 (born in 1968) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK International student in China Date of Imprisonment 1987

Released in 1990, and was later arrested again with his Status father, the Vice President of the National Science Committee. His whereabouts are unknown. Reason for Mr. Heo violated the rules of the North Korean Em bassy Imprisonment while staying in China

Name HYUN, Jungnam Gender Male Age at Arrest 33 Hometown Mangyungdae area Occupation in NK International student at the Russian Academy and military factory driver in the Mangyungdae area Date of Imprisonment April 1994

Status Unknown Reason for Leaked a national secret in Russia Imprisonment

Collective Punishment OOOrOrrr Guilt by Association

Three-Generation Penalty: The parents, siblings, children and sometimes grandchildren of the offending political prisoner are imprisoned.

This punishment has been practiced until now after Kim Il-Sung’s speech in 1972: “Factionalists or enemies of class, whoever they are, their seed must be eliminated through three generations.”

Name KIM, Kyungok Gender Female Age at Arrest 9 (born in 1968) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Student Date of Imprisonment 1977

Status Unknown

Reason for Guilt by association: Was imprisoned for his father’s guilt, Imprisonment who worked as a counselor in a foreign country. Was imprisoned with her mother and brother, and worked Life in Prison as a hairdresser in the Revolutionary District.

Name KIM, Sunhee (Daughter of KIM, Hyungrak) Gender Female Age at Arrest 9 (born in 1965) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1974

Status Imprisoned till 1992 Reason for Guilt by association Imprisonment

Name Unknown (Wife of KIM, Hyungrak) Gender Female Age at Arrest Unknown Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment 1974

Status Imprisoned till 1992 Reason for Guilt by association Imprisonment

Name Unknown (Son of KIM, Hyungrak) Gender Male Age at Arrest Unknown Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK University Student Date of Imprisonment 1974

Status Imprisoned till 1992 Reason for Guilt by association Imprisonment

Name KIM, Okrynag (Repatriated Korean -Japanese) Gender Female Age at Arrest Born in 1940 Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1980s

Status Discharged in 1991 Reason for Guilt by association Imprisonment

Name HUH, Min -ae (Daughter of KIM, Okryang) Gender Female Age at Arrest Born in 1968 Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1980s

Status Discharged in 1991 Reason for Guilt by association Imprisonment

Name HUH, Minhyang (Daughter of KIM, Okryang ) Gender Female Age at Arrest Born in 1966 Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1980s

Status Discharged in 1991 Reason for Guilt by association Imprisonment

Name HUH, Minhee (Daughter of KIM, Okryang) Gender Female Age at Arrest Born in 1970 Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1980s

Status Discharged in 1991 Reason for Guilt by association Imprisonment

Name KIM, Hongam Gender Male Age at Arrest 15 (born in 1960) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1975 Transferred to Ryongpyung with family owing to a Status Christian gathering with PARK, Hyuncheol in the control center in the middle of Dec. 1989. Reason for Guilt by association. Imprisoned due to his father’s guilt. Imprisonment

Name KIM, Hongok (Sister of KIM, Hongam) Gender Female Age at Arrest 12 (born in 1963) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1975 Transferred to an unknown location with his brother, KIM, Status Hongam in Dec. 1989. Reason for Guilt by association. Imprisoned due to his father’s guilt. Imprisonment

Name Unknown (Mother of KIM, Hongam) Gender Female Age at Arrest Unknown Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment 1975 Transferred to an unknown location with her son, KIM, Status Hongam in Dec. 1989. Reason for Guilt by association. Imprisoned due to his father’s guilt. Imprisonment

Name PARK, Soonok (Daughter of PARK, Giyoung) Gender Female Age at Arrest Born in 1963 Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1970s

Status Imprisoned till 1992 Guilt by association. Imprisoned due to his father’s guilt: Reason for His farther PARK, Giyoung was arrested and imprisoned Imprisonment for espionage.

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Name SOHN, Gu Gender Male Age at Arrest Born in 1960 Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1980s

Status Discharged in 1990 Reason for Guilt by association. Imprisoned for his father’s guilt Imprisonment

Name SOHN, Jung Gender Male Age at Arrest Born in 1955 Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1980s

Status Discharged in 1990 Reason for Guilt by association. Imprisoned for his father’s guilt Imprisonment

Name Ms. SOHN (Mother of SOHN, Jung) Gender Female Age at Arrest Unknown Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1980s Discharged in 1990 and went to Pyongyang (Note: It is rare Status to allow a person go to Pyongyang after being released from political prison camp.) Reason for Guilt by association. Imprisoned for her husband’s guilt Imprisonment

101

Name SHIN, Doyeon Gender Female Age at Arrest 15 (born in 1961) Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1976 Discharged in 1991, and went to Maengsan to live with Status family Reason for Guilt by association Imprisonment SHIN, Doyeon worked as a tailor in Buksonggyopo village - Life in Prison she repaired clothes for families, security council officers, and often prisoners.

Name SHIN, Ryongbum Gender Male Age at Arrest 12 (born in 1964) Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1976

Status Discharged in 1991, and went to Maengsan to live with family Reason for Guilt by association. Imprisoned due to his father’s guilt, Imprisonment SHIN, Haksik. His father died of malnutrition in 1985.

Name SHIN, Seoyeon Gender Female Age at Arrest 6 (born in 1970) Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1976

Status Discharged in 1991, and went to Maengsan to live with family Reason for Guilt by association Imprisonment Life in Prison Worked in the agricultural center

102

Name SHIN, Sooyeon Gender Female Age at Arrest 8 (born in 1968) Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1976 Discharged in 1991, and went to Maengsan to live with Status family Reason for Guilt by association Imprisonment Life in Prison Worked in the agricultural center.

Name SHIN, Chaeyeon Gender Female Age at Arrest 10 (born in 1966) Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1976 Discharged in 1991, and went to Maengsan to live with Status family Reason for Guilt by association Imprisonment Life in Prison Worked in the agricultural center.

103

Name SHIN, Sookja (Wife of OH, Kilnam) Gender Female Age at Arrest 50 Hometown Tongyoung, Gonyang -Myun, Sacheon -Gu, Kyungnam Occupation in NK Nurse Date of Imprisonment March 1988 Status Unknown

Guilt by association: When Mr. Oh Kilnam was studying for a doctoral degree in economics at the University of Tuebingen, Germany, North Korean agents approached him and offered him a position as a professor teaching in Pyongyang. With complete trust in the agent, Mr. Oh and his family went to North Korea in 1985. Contrary to their expectations, Oh and his wife were given jobs working at a Reason for radio station broadcasting propaganda to South Korea. Imprisonment Soon, though, the authorities ordered Oh to return to Germany and recruit more South Korean students to live in North Korea. En route to Germany, Oh turned himself over to authorities in Copenhagen and was granted political asylum. Shortly after Oh defected, his wife and two daughters were detained in the #15 Kwanliso, one of the North Korean Political Prison Camps. Life in Prison She worked as a nurse in 1992 with her two daughters (OH, Hyewon and Gyuwon), and she had a waffle machine brought from Germany at home in the camp.

Name OH, Hyewon (the first daughter of Mr. Oh Kilnam) Gender Female Age at Arrest 11 (born on September 17, 1976) Hometown Germany Occupation in NK Student Date of Imprisonment March 1988

Status Unknown Reason for Guilt by association Imprisonment

104

Name OH, Gyuwon (the second daughter of Mr. Oh Kilnam) Gender Female Age at Arrest 9 (born on June 21, 1978) Hometown Germany Occupation in NK Student Date of Imprisonment March 1988

Status Unknown Reason for Guilt by association Imprisonment

Photo taken in Yoduk Prison Camp on January 20, 1991 by North Korean Guards (from left, SHIN, Sookja , OH, Hyewon, OH, Gyuwon) YUN Isang gave this picture to Dr. OH to make him return to North Korea.

105

Name LEE, Choonwall Gender Female Age at Arrest 44 (born in 1940) Hometown Kyungsangnam -Do Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1984

Discharged in 1992, placed in the Gowon coal mine in Status Hamkyungnam-Do with her son and daughter

Guilt by association, owing to her husband’s guilt, who was Reason for an officer of Jochongnyeon, the Pro-Pyongyang Federation Imprisonment of Korean Residents living in Japan Life in Prison She planted vegetables in Sector 2 in Baeksan -district (the Repatriated People Sector). She cried often looking at pictures of her family. Looking at the pictures, you could see that her family used to be quite wealthy.

*Prisoners must live in locations designated by the Party after they are discharged from the control center.

Name LEE, Mihwa (Daughter of LEE, Choonwall) Gender Female Age at Arrest 16 (born in 1968) Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Unknown (her mother said she learned ballet in Japan) Date of Imprisonment 1984

Discharged in 1992, placed in the Gowon Coal Mine in Status Hamkyungnam-Do Guilt by association, owing to her father’s guilt, who was an Reason for officer of Jochongnyeon, the Pro-Pyongyang Federation of Imprisonment Korean Residents living in Japan.

106

Name LEE, Sebong (Son of LEE, Choonwall) Gender Male Age at Arrest 18 (born in 1966) Hometown Japan Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1984

Discharged in 1992, placed in the Gowon Coal Mine in Status Hamkyungnam-Do

Guilt by association, owing to his father’s guilt, who was an Reason for officer of Jochongnyeon, the Pro-Pyongyang Federation of Imprisonment Korean Residents living in Japan. Life in Prison His disease was not identified but he was classified as a patient in 1988 and was confined inside his house. He was a highly educated person with much knowledge about philosophy, biology, genetic engineering, and the international community. His knowledge was so extensive that he was called an ‘encyclopedia’. He claimed he studied at a university in Japan.

Name HUH, Geumjoo Gender Female Age at Arrest 29 Hometown Hamheung, Hamkyungnam -Do Occupation in NK Master of Taekwondo in Hamheung -City Date of Imprisonment March 2000

Status Unknown Guilt by association: Her mother was discovered to have worked as a broker finding members of families separated Reason for by the Korean War. Ms. Huh and her father were Imprisonment imprisoned in the Revolutionary District. Her mother is assumed to be confined in the Complete Control District, where no one can be released.

107

Name Mr. HUH, (father of HUH, Geumjoo) Gender Male Age at Arrest 60 Hometown Hamheung, Hamkyungnam -Do Occupation in NK Instructor at a machinery factory in Hamheung -City Date of Imprisonment March 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Guilt by association: Same reason as above Imprisonment

108

Other Reasons

109

Name KANG, Seokchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 43 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Instructor at the 130 Communication Center in the Chosun Labor Party Date of Imprisonment Oct. 2002

Status Unknown Reason for Exposing his identity during an espionage activity Imprisonment

Name KANG, Pilsoo Gender Male Age at Arrest 28 (born in 1956) Hometown Hwanghae -Do Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment 1984

Status Discharged in 1989 Reason for Unknown Imprisonment

Name GOH, Eunkyung Gender Male Age at Arrest 42 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Agent of the #35 Unit in the Chosun Labor Party Date of Imprisonment July 4, 2000

Status Discharged on the order of KIM, Jong-Il on July 4, 2002 Reason for Responsible for the failure of an espionage activity in Imprisonment Beijing, China

110

Name KIM, Gooksung Gender Male Age at Arrest 60 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Agent of the #35 Unit in the Chosun Labor Party Date of Imprisonment July 4, 2000

Status Discharged on the order of KIM, Jong-Il on July 4, 2002 Reason for Responsible for the failure of an espionage activity in Imprisonment Chenjin, China

Name KIM, Dongho Gender 64 Age at Arrest Male Hometown Chungam -district, Chungjin -City, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Chief Director of the People’s Military Headquarters located in Eunduck county Date of Imprisonment Sep. 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Distributed oil at his own discretion, without regard for Imprisonment orders made by KIM, Jong-Il.

Name KIM, Myungsoo Gender Male Age at Arrest 48 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Senior Officer of the #35 Unit in the Chosun Labor Party Date of Imprisonment July 4, 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Responsible for the failure of an espionage activity in Imprisonment China

111

Name KIM, Byungsoon Gender Male Age at Arrest 61 Hometown Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Vice Director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Date of Imprisonment Nov. 1999

Status Discharged by an order of KIM, Jong-Il on Oct. 2000 Reason for Violation of Principle of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Imprisonment

Name KIM, Sangchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 27 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Soldier Date of Imprisonment June 2000

Status Died of malnutrition in 2002 Reason for Departed from the Army without official leave Imprisonment

Name KIM, Soonchul Gender Male Age at Arrest 19 Hometown Sakju -Gun, Pyonganbuk -Do Occupation in NK Soldier of the Guards Date of Imprisonment Oct. 2001

Status Unknown Reason for Departed from the Army without official leave Imprisonment

112

Name KIM, Youngsun Gender Male Age at Arrest 19 (born in 1960) Hometown Hamheung Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment May 1979

Status Imprisoned till 1992 Reason for Unknown Imprisonment Worked in the industrial team, and was allowed to eat Life in Prison rabbit meat in 1992 due to his superb hunting skills.

* A noticeable feature of the NK political prison camp is its village-like construction. Therefore, prisoners can carry their possessions into the camp, and live in a house assigned by the officers. They are able to visit other prisoner’s houses under extreme limitations.

Name KIM, Young -gook (Brother of KIM, Youngsun) Gender Male Age at Arrest 12 (born in 1967) Hometown Hamheung Occupation in NK Student Date of Imprisonment May 1979

Status Imprisoned till 1992 Reason for Unknown Imprisonment Worked for a plastering and wood cutting industrial team Life in Prison in 1992

113

Name KIM, Youngmi (sister of KIM, Youngsun) Gender Female Age at Arrest Unknown Hometown Pyonganbuk -Do Occupation in NK Unknown Date of Imprisonment May 1979

Status Imprisoned till 1992 Reason for Unknown Imprisonment

Name Mr. KIM (Father of KIM, Youngsun) Gender Male Age at Arrest 49 (born in 1930) Hometown Hamheung Occupation in NK Worked at the Honored Soldier Factory in Hamheung -City Date of Imprisonment May 1979

Status Imprisoned till 1992 Reason for Unknown Imprisonment

Name Unknown (Mother of KIM, Youngsun) Gender Female Age at Arrest 49 (born in 1930) Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Housewife Date of Imprisonment May 1979

Status Imprisoned till 1992 Reason for Unknown Imprisonment

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Name KIM, Jongsoo Gender Male Age at Arrest 51 Hometown Hwasung -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Head of the Strategic Department in the People’s Military Date of Imprisonment May 2001

Status Unknown Reason for Disobedience: Held strange conversations and continually Imprisonment made mistakes in the eyes of the Party.

Name PARK, Dongjin Gender Male Age at Arrest 45 (born in 1940) Hometown Pyungannam -Do Occupation in NK Senior at the Safety Division in Nampo -City, Pyongannam -Do Date of Imprisonment 1985

Status Discharged in 1990 Reason for Unknown Imprisonment

Name YANG, Sanggook Gender Male Age at Arrest 42 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Agent of the #35 Unit in the Chosun Labor Party Date of Imprisonment July 4, 2000

Status Discharged on the order of KIM, Jong-Il on July 4, 2002 Reason for Responsible for the failure of an espionage activity in Imprisonment Dandong, China

115

Name YANG, Wonjong Gender Male Age at Arrest 59 Hometown Satbyul -Gun, Hamkyungbuk -Do Occupation in NK Commander of Investigations in the National Security Agency, located at Onsung county, Hamkyungbuk-Do Date of Imprisonment May, 2000

Status Unknown Reason for Human rights violation Imprisonment

Name YEOM, Chulsoo Gender Male Age at Arrest Born in 1960 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK UNDP Officer Date of Imprisonment Unknown

Status Discharged in 1988 Reason for Unknown Imprisonment

Name OH, Heesung Gender Male Age at Arrest 35 (born in 1954) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Professor in the Chemistry Department of KIM, Il -Sung University Date of Imprisonment 1989 Status Discharged in 1992 Reason for Unknown Imprisonment

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Name Ja, Sungho Gender Male Age at Arrest 25 (born in 1962) Hometown Pyongyang Occupation in NK Security Council Agent in the Army Corps 4 Date of Imprisonment 1987

Status Discharged in 1992 Reason for Unknown Imprisonment

Name JANG, Gibok Gender Male Age at Arrest 51 Hometown Dancheon -City, Hamkyungnam -Do Occupation in NK Senior Investigator in the National Security Agency, located at Hoeryong-City Date of Imprisonment Jan. 2001

Status Died of malnutrition in August 2001 Human rights violation: A staff member of Hoeryong Farm Reason for died of a fatal heart attack during an interrogation. Jang Imprisonment manipulated a document to conceal this, but was later exposed.

Name JUNG, Gwangil Gender Male Age at Arrest 40 Hometown China Occupation in NK Agent of the #35 Unit in the Chosun Labor Party Date of Imprisonment July 4, 2000

Status Discharged on the order of KIM, Jong-Il on July 4, 2002 Reason for Failure of an espionage activity Imprisonment

117

Name JUNG, Ho Gender Male Age at Arrest 44 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Chief Agent of the #35 Unit in the Chosun Labor Party Date of Imprisonment July 4, 2000

Status Discharged on the order of KIM, Jong-Il on July 4, 2002 Reason for Responsible for the failure of an espionage activity Imprisonment

Name CHO, Changgil Gender Male Age at Arrest 42 Hometown Unknown Occupation in NK Agent of the #35 Unit in the Chosun Labor Party Date of Imprisonment July 4, 2000

Status Discharged on the order of KIM, Jong-Il on July 4, 2002 Established a trading company for espionage and Reason for imprisoned for the failure of an espionage activity in Imprisonment Shanghai, China

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