Rainer Dormels (2014)

Profiles of the cities of DPR Korea –

This work was supported by the Academy of Korean Studies (KSPS) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOE) (AKS-2011-BAA-2105)

Find an introduction to the project at http://www.univie.ac.at/koreanologie/index.php?id=digital-north-korea0

This work has been published as a chapter in: Rainer Dormels (2014): 's Cities. Jimoondang. Seoul.

IV.2.12. Pyongyang

IV.2.12. 1. Overview

The historical center in the northwest of Korea

3\RQJ\DQJLVWKHFDSLWDORIWKH'HPRFUDWLF3HRSOH¶V5HSXEOLFRI.RUHDDQGGRPLQDWHV WKHQRUWKZHVWHUQSDUWRI.RUHDVLQFHWKHSDVW$VFDSLWDORIHPSLUHVVXFKDVWKH.RJXU\R (PSLUHDVZHOODVVHFRQGDU\FDSLWDODQGDVDSURYLQFLDOFDSLWDO3\RQJ\DQJKDVDORQJ WUDGLWLRQDVDQDGPLQLVWUDWLYHFHQWHU

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD Table Pyongyang-I. Basic data

Population 2,999,466 (Rank 1) Area 1,907 km² (Rank 2) Population density 1,617 I./km² (Rank 4) Administrative units 287 dong/75 ri (79%) (Rank 7) “Urban” population / “rural” population 90.1%/9.9% (Rank 7)

3\RQJ\DQJDURVHDW³DSODFHZKHUHULYHUDQGKLOOVRIIHUHGSURWHFWLRQ´ 0F&XQH  7KHIDFWWKDWWKH7DHGRQJJDQJZKHUHWKHFLW\HPHUJHGZDVQDYLJDEOHXS WR3\RQJ\DQJDQGRIIHUHGWKHSRVVLELOLW\WRFURVVWKHULYHUDGGHGWRWKHJHRJUDSKLFDO IDYRUDEOHORFDWLRQ 'HJH  %HIRUHUHORFDWLQJWKHFDSLWDORI.RJXU\RLQWKH\HDUWRZKHUHWKHSUHVHQWGD\ FHQWHURI3\RQJ\DQJLVWKHVHDWRIJRYHUQPHQWZDVHVWDEOLVKHGDWWZRGLIIHUHQWSODFHV FORVHE\LQWKHWKLUGFHQWXU\RQFHQRUWKHDVWRIWKHPRGHUQGD\3\RQJ\DQJZKHUHDZDOOHG WRZQZDVEXLOWDQG¿QDOO\ZKHQWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKH$QKDNSDODFHRQWKHIRRWRIWKH 7DHVǂQJVDQLQWKH\HDUOHGWRWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHUHORFDWLRQRIWKHFDSLWDO7KH UHORFDWLRQIURP.XNQDHVǂQJWR3\RQJ\DQJHYHQWXDOO\WRRNSODFHLQWKH\HDU7KH UHDVRQZK\WKHFDSLWDOZDVPRYHGWRWKHSUHVHQWGD\ORFDWLRQZDVEHFDXVHRILWVVHFXUH ORFDWLRQ$V\VWHPRIFLW\ZDOOVZDVEXLOWWKDWXWLOL]HGWKHQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQWHVSHFLDOO\ WKHKLOOVVXFKDVWKH0RUDQERQJ 'HJH 

Figure Pyongyang-I. Kuyok and kun47

3\RQJ\DQJFRQVLVWVRINX\RNDQGWZRNXQ .DQJQDPDQG.DQJGRQJ 

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV 3\RQJ\DQJOLHVLQWKHPLGGOHRIWKH7DHGRQJJDQJEDVLQZKLFKLVFRPSULVHGRIDSODLQLQ WKH:HVWDQGRIORZKLOOVLQWKHHDVWHUQSDUW3\RQJ\DQJLVORFDWHGLQDUHJLRQZKHUHZHWULFH FXOWLYDWLRQSOD\VDQLPSRUWDQWUROH)XUWKHUPRUHQXPHURXVFXOWLYDEOHDUHDVIRUYHJHWDEOHV VSHFLDOL]HGIUXLWIDUPVDQGELJDQLPDOKXVEDQGU\IDUPVDUHORFDWHGLQWKHPXQLFLSDODUHD

Table Pyongyang-II. Climate values

Annual average January temperature August temperature Precipitation 10.2°C (8) -5.9°C (13) 24.2°C (4) 939.8 mm (14)

Largest industrial city of the DPRK

,QSUHPRGHUQWLPHV3\RQJ\DQJZDVIDPRXVIRULWVFUDIWVPDQVKLS8SXQWLOWKHPRGHUQ SHULRGWKHUHZDVDPXOWLWXGHRIVHULFXOWXUHLQWKHFLW\DQGDELJVFDOHFRWWRQSURGXFWLRQ )URP-DSDQVWDUWHGWRPLQHFRDOLQWKHHDVWSDUWRIWKHFLW\/LJKWLQGXVWU\FRPSDQLHV VXFKDVVRFNIDFWRULHVEUHZHULHVDQGPLOOVZHUHDOVREXLOWGXULQJWKH-DSDQHVHFRORQLDOHUD 1RZDGD\V3\RQJ\DQJLVWKHODUJHVWLQGXVWULDOFLW\RI'35.ZLWKDIRFXVRQVSHFLDOL]HG PHFKDQLFDOHQJLQHHULQJ WUDQVSRUWSUHFLVLRQLQVWUXPHQWVHWF %XWPRVWQRWDEO\ZDVWKH FRQVWUXFWLRQRIDFRQVXPSWLRQRULHQWHGOLJKWLQGXVWU\

Table Pyongyang-III. Ranking (in parenthesis: number of industrial companies or cultural institutions)

Pyongyang KOFC MOU IPA KCNA KIET Summary Ranks 1 (118) 1 (238) 1 (139) 1 (177) 1 (283) 1 Major 1 (22) 1 (16) 1 (89) 1 (136) 1 (88) Culture 1 (223)

Table Pyongyang-IV. Ranking (Total number of companies in relation to population)

Pyongyang KOFC MOU IPA KCNA KIET Summary Rank 20 13 14-9-1 5 21-13 14-9

Table Pyongyang-V. Specification (in parenthesis: number of industrial companies)

Pyongyang Light Industry Heavy Industry Mining Energy KOFC 8 (35) 16 (70) 10 (7) 14 (6) MOU 5 (175) 20 (51) 13 (8) 9 (4) IPA 12 (72) 20 (42) 6 (18) 9 (7) KCNA 7 (111) 15 (52) 7 (3) 15 (11) KIET 8 (133) 19 (130) 14 (14) 12 (6)

,93UR¿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

,QFKDSWHU,,,FRPSDQLHVZHUHGHWHUPLQHGWREHRILPSRUWDQFHIRU3\RQJ\DQJ 3\RQJ\DQJ$HJXN.QLWWHG*RRGV)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ&KLOGUHQ¶V&ORWKLQJ)DFWRU\ 3\RQJ\DQJ&KDQJJZDQJ&ORWKLQJ)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ%HHU)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ9HJHWDEOH 3URFHVVLQJ)DFWRU\>-XQJ@2FWREHUWK$XWRPDWLRQ,QVWUXPHQW)DFWRU\7DHGRQJJDQJ %DWWHU\)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ)RRG3DFNLQJ0DWHULDOV)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ&KLOGUHQ¶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Ä&KRL-RQJ5DN´3\RQJ\DQJ&RDO0LQLQJ0DFKLQH3ODQW >7DHGRQJJDQJ@.\ǂQJU\ǂQ$HJXN&DUERQDWHG'ULQN)DFWRU\7RQJGDHZRQ*DUPHQW )DFWRU\0RUDQERQJ-RLQW9HQWXUH&RPSDQ\3\RQJ\DQJ)RRWZDUH)DFWRU\(DVW3\RQJ\DQJ 6TXDUH6WHHO)DFWRU\>7RQJGDHZRQ@3\RQJ\DQJ6WHHO:RUNV3\RQJ\DQJ5XEEHU)DFWRU\ 3\RQJ\DQJ&RUQVWDUFK)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ(VVHQWLDO)RRGVWXII)DFWRU\.LP-RQJ6XN 3\RQJ\DQJ7H[WLOH0LOO3\RQJ\DQJ7H[WLOH0DFKLQH)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ6RQJ\R.QLWWHG

7KHQDPHVSODFHGLQWKHVTXDUHEUDFNHWVDUHNX\RNRUNXQLQZKLFKWKHFRPSDQLHVUHVLGH7KHQXPEHUDIWHUWKH QDPHVKRZVWKHQXPEHURIFRPSDQLHVRIWKHUHOHYDQWNX\RNRUUHVSHFWLYHO\NXQ

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV *RRGV)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ(OHYDWRU)DFWRU\3\RQ\DQJ(VVHQWLDO*RRGV)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ 3KDUPDFHXWLFDO)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ*HQHUDO/LJKWLQJ$SSOLDQFHV)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ'DLO\ 1HFHVVLWLHV)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ6KRH0RXOG)DFWRU\(DVW3\RQJ\DQJ0DFKLQH)DFWRU\ 3\RQJ\DQJ%XOE)DFWRU\>6RQJ\R@7DHKXQJ8QMRQJ:RRG3URFHVVLQJ)DFWRU\>8QMRQJ@ 0DUDP$VVRUWHG)HHG)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ3UHFLVLRQ0DFKLQH)DFWRU\ 0DUFKWK)DFWRU\  6HSWHPEHUWK)DFWRU\ 5\RQJVǂQJ%HDULQJ)DFWRU\ 5\RQJVRQJ0HDW3URFHVVLQJ)DFWRU\ >5\RQJVRQJ@6ǂSKR5DLOZD\0DFKLQH)DFWRU\>+\RQJMHVDQ@0DQJ\RQJGDH0DFKLQH 7RRO)DFWRU\0DQJ¶J\RQJGDH5RHQWJHQ)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ)LOP)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ:KHDW )ORXU3URFHVVLQJ)DFWRU\0DQ¶J\RQJGDH$HJXN$OXPLQLXP6DVK)DFWRU\0DQ¶J\RQJGDH 'LVDEOHG6ROGLHUV¶)RXQWDLQ3HQ)DFWRU\5\XZRQ)RRWZHDU)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ5LFH 0LOO>0DQ¶J\RQJGDH@7DHGRQJJDQJ796HW)DFWRU\7DHGRQJJDQJ%HHU)DFWRU\0LULP &RQFUHWH%ORFN)DFWRU\>6DGRQJ@6DHQDO(OHFWURQLF$SSOLFDWLRQV)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ %XLOGLQJPDWHULDOV)DFWRU\>5\RNSKR@(DVW3\RQJ\DQJ3RZHU6WDWLRQ3\RQJ\DQJ0HWDO %XLOGLQJPDWHULDOV)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ&KHPLFDO%XLOGLQJPDWHULDOV)DFWRU\-XO\WK &HUDPLF)DFWRU\5DNUDQJ3DSHU)DFWRU\$HJXN3UHYHQWLYH0HGLFLQH)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ

Table Pyongyang-VI. Population and important companies in the kuyok and kun of Pyongyang

IPA Important companies Quotient population (%)/ Population important III.7.3. companies; IPA-important Jung (Central) 131,333 (4.4%) 4 (4.4%) 5 (5.7%) 1-1.3 Phyongchon 181,142 (6%) 12 (13.3%) 16 (18.2%) 2.2-3 143,404 (4.8%) 3 (3.3%) 1 (1.1%) 0.7-0.2 Pothonggang 105,180 (3.5%) 3 (3.3%) 4 (4.5%) 0.9-1.4 Sosong 147,138 (4.9%) 3 (3.3%) 5 (5.7%) 0.7-1.2 Taesong 115,739 (3.9%) 9 (10%) 2 (2.3%) 2.6-0.6 Taedonggang 207,081 (6.9%) 3 (3.3%) 2 (2.3%) 0.5-0.3 Tongdaewon 143,561(4.8%) 5 (5.6%) 5 (5.7%) 1.2-1.2 Sonkyo 148,209 (4.9%) 12 (13.3%) 15 (17%) 2.7-3.5 Samsok 62,790 (2.1%) 1 (1.1%) 0 0.5-0 Unjong 47,569 (1.6%) 1 (1.1%) 1 (1.1%) 0.7-0.7 Ryongsong 195,891 (6.5%) 3 (3.3%) 4 (4.5%) 0.5-0.7 Sunan 91,791 (3.1%) 0 0 0-0 Hyongjesan 160,032 (5.3%) 2 (2.2%) 1 (1.1%) 0.4-0.2 321,690 (10.7%) 8 (8.9%) 8 (9.1%) 0.8-0.9 Sadong 140,869 (4.7%) 6 (6.7%) 3 (3.4%) 1.4-0.7 Ryokpho 82,548 (2.8%) 1 (1.1%) 2 (2.3%) 0.4-0.8 Rakrang 282,681 (9.4%) 10 (11.1%) 8 (9.1%) 1.2-1 Kangdong 221,539 (7.4%) 3 (3.3%) 6 (6.8%) 0.4-0.9 Kangnam 69,279 (2.3%) 1 (1.1%) 0 0.5-0 2,999,466 90 88

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD /HDWKHU)DFWRU\5DNUDQJ'LVDEOHG6ROGLHUV¶(VVHQWLDO3ODVWLF*RRGV)DFWRU\>5DNUDQJ @.DQJGRQJ$UHD&RDO0LQLQJ&RPSOH[+ǎNU\ǂQJ&RDO0LQH1DPJDQJ3RZHU3ODQW 7ǂNVDQ&RDO0LQH.DQJGRQJ&RDO0LQH0LULP)ORRGJDWH3RZHU3ODQW>.DQJGRQJ@

Figure Pyongyang-II. Share of important companies according to III.7.3

7KHNX\RNZLWKWKHPRVWLQGXVWULDOFRPSDQLHVLQ3\RQJ\DQJDUH3K\RQJFKRQDQG 6RQN\RLQWKHVRXWKHUQSDUWRIWKHFLW\FHQWHUZKLFKDUHIROORZHGE\0DQJ\RQJGDHDQG 5DNUDQJWKDWDUHORFDWHGLQWKH6RXWKZHVW$PRQJWKHQLQHFRPSDQLHVWKDWDUHPHQWLRQHG LQ,3$DQGDUHORFDWHGLQWKH7DHVRQJNX\RNIRXUDUHVPDOOSRZHUSODQWV 7KHPRVWSRSXORXVNX\RNDUH0DQJ\RQJGDHDQG5DNUDQJZKHUHQHZKLJKULVH UHVLGHQWLDOEORFNVZHUHEXLOW

Figure Pyongyang-III. Share of population

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV Figure Pyongyang-IV. Percentage of “urban” population

Table Pyongyang-VII. Ratio of urbanized administrative units to rural units as well as the ratio of “urban” to “rural” population (Sources for data: DPR Korea 2008 Population Census, data for 1986: Yi Ki-sƄk 2008, 27) Urban Dong/ri Share dong% Rural (difference to 1986) Jung (Central) 21/0 100% 100% 0% Phyongchon 17/0 100% 100% 0% Moranbong 17/0 100% 100% 0% Pothonggang 15/0 100% 100% 0% Sosong 15/0 100% 100% 0% Taesong 15/0 100% 100% (+3.3%) 0% Taedonggang 25/0 100% 100% 0% Tongdaewon 18/0 100% 100% 0% Sonkyo 21/0 100% 100% 0% Samsok 4/7 36.4% 50.6% (+3.1%) 49.4% Unjong 4/0 100% 100% 0% Ryongsong 15/0 100% 100% (+3.6%) 0% Sunan 5/9 35.7% 48.2% (+6.7%) 51.8% Hyongjesan 15/3 83.3% 91.1% (+11.7%) 8.9% Mangyongdae 29/2 93.5% 98.2% (+6.4%) 1.8% Sadong 13/6 68.4% 71.9% (+2%) 28.1% Ryokpho 6/6 50% 73.8% (+9.6%) 26.2% Rakrang 21/9 70% 90.4% (+21.1%) 9.6% Kangdong 1 Up, 9 Ku/15 40% 72.4% (-1.1%) 27.6% Kangnam 1 Up/18 5.3% 27.8% (+4.1%) 72.2%

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD $PRQJWKHNX\RNRI3\RQJ\DQJWKHUHDUHPHUHO\GRQJDQGQRULRQO\LQHOHYHQRI WKHNX\RN,QWKHNX\RNRI6DPVRNDQG6XQDQDURXQGKDOIRILWVLQKDELWDQWVOLYHLQUXUDO UL.DQJGRQJNXQLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\LWVFRDOPLQHVDQGWKHUHIRUHKDVDKLJKUDWHRIXUEDQ LQKDELWDQWVZKLOH.DQJQDPNXQLVUXUDOL]HG

Changes of the bigger administrative regional units in Pyongyang

,Q6HSWHPEHU3\RQJ\DQJEHFDPHDFLW\ZLWKSURYLQFHLQGHSHQGHQWVWDWXV,Q-XO\ WKHXUEDQDUHDZDVIXUWKHUH[WHQGHG,Q'HFHPEHUWKHNX\RNV\VWHPZDV LQWURGXFHG3\RQJ\DQJWKHQFRQVLVWHGRI¿YHNX\RNLQZKLFKULH[LVWHG RIZKLFK DUHUXUDOUL ,Q)HEUXDU\WKHLQQHUFLW\ULZHUHUHJURXSHGWRGRQJ7KHRXWFRPHRI WKLVDGPLQLVWUDWLYHUHVWUXFWXULQJZDV¿YHNX\RN &HQWUDO(DVW:HVW6RXWKDQG1RUWK  LQZKLFKWKHUHDUHGRQJDQGUL,Q$SULOSDUWVRIWZRULRIWKH7DHGRQJNXQ 3K\RQJQDP3URYLQFH ZHUHLQFRUSRUDWHGZKLFKFUHDWHGWZRQHZGRQJLQWKH:HVW NX\RN$IWHUVRPHPRUHLQQHUFLW\UHVWUXFWXULQJLQ$SULODQG-XQHRI3\RQJ\DQJ FRQVLVWHGRI¿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ǁLVǂQJZHUHFRPELQHGWRIRUPWKH-XQJNX\RN,Q2FWREHU 7DHGRQJJDQJNX\RNLVVSOLWZKHUHE\WKH0XQVXNX\RNHPHUJHG,Q-XQHLQUHODWLRQ ZLWKWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKHUHVLGHQWLDOGLVWULFWRI0XQVXWKH7RQJPXQGRQJLVVSOLWXS LQWHQGRQJ,Q0DUFK0XQVXNX\RNLVFRPELQHGZLWKWKH7DHGRQJJDQJNX\RN $WWKHVDPHWLPH.DQJGRQJNXQEHFRPHVDSDUWRIWKHPXQLFLSDODUHDRI3\RQJ\DQJ ,Q0D\SDUWVRIWKHFLW\RI3K\RQJVRQJZKHUHWKH$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFHLVORFDWHG IRUPWKH8QMRQJNX\RNRI3\RQJ\DQJVL,Q1RYHPEHUSDUWVRI3DHZǂQURGRQJMDJX 6RQJFKRQNXQ ZHUHDGGHGWR.DQJGRQJNXQDQGSDUWVRI

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV SDUWRIWKH+ZDQJQDP3URYLQFH7KH.RUHDQ&HQWUDO

Table Pyongyang-VIII. Number of kuyok and kun in Pyongyang

December 1952 5 kuyok June 1958 6 kuyok September 1959 11 kuyok October 1960 18 kuyok May 1963 18 kuyok, 3 kun April 1972 19 kuyok, 3 kun December 1979 18 kuyok, 3 kun October 1981 19 kuyok, 3 kun March 1983 18 kuyok, 4 kun May 1995 19 kuyok, 4 kun 2010 18 kuyok, 1 kun 2011 18 kuyok, 2 kun

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

IV.2.12. 2. Downtown districts west of the Taedong-gang

Jung-kuyok - the center of the capital

7KH-XQJNX\RN FHQWUDOGLVWULFW LVWKHSROLWLFDODQGDGPLQLVWUDWLYHFHQWHURIWKHFDSLWDO $URXQGWKH.LP,OVXQJ6TXDUHZKLFKOLHVFHQWUDOO\DWWKHEDQNVRIWKH7DHGRQJ JDQJWKH*UDQG3HRSOH¶V6WXG\+RXVHWKH0LQLVWU\RI)RUHLJQ$IIDLUVWKH.:33DUW\ KHDGTXDUWHUVWKH.RUHDQ&HQWUDO+LVWRU\0XVHXPWKH.RUHDQ$UW*DOOHU\WKH0LQLVWU\RI )RUHLJQ7UDGHDQGWKH&DELQHW6HFUHWDULDWDUHVLWXDWHG1RUWKRIWKH.LP,OVXQJ6TXDUHLV

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD WKH*UDQG0RQXPHQW0DQVXGDHLQWHUDOLDZLWKWKHEURQ]HVWDWXHVRI.LP,OVXQJDQG.LP -RQJLO 1XPHURXVKLJKULVHUHVLGHQWLDOEORFNVDUHORFDWHGLQ-XQJNX\RN$ORQJWKH&KROOLPD 5RDGZKLFKUXQVIURP3K\RQJFKRQNX\RNLQWKHQRUWKZHVWRIWKH-XQJNX\RNDQGHQGV DWWKH3RWKRQJ*DWHQXPHURXVUHVLGHQWLDOKLJKULVHDSDUWPHQWVZHUHEXLOWLQ7KH &KDQJZDQJ6WUHHWLVORFDWHGQRUWKRIWKHVWDWLRQ,QWKRXVDQGVRIKLJKULVHUHVLGHQWLDO EORFNVZHUHFRPSOHWHGKHUH1HDUWKH.LP,OVXQJ6TXDUHDQGWKH0DQVXGDHPRQXPHQW PRGHUQKLJKKLJKULVHUHVLGHQWLDOEORFNVRI&KDQJMǂQ6WUHHWDUHORFDWHGZKLFKZHUH FRPSOHWHGLQ ,PSRUWDQWRIILFHVRIWKHWRXULVPVHFWRUVXFKDVWKHLQIRXQGHG.RUHD ,QWHUQDWLRQDO7UDYHO&RPSDQ\ .,7& DUHORFDWHGKHUHDVZHOO1RUWKRIWKHWUDLQVWDWLRQ LVWKH.RU\R+RWHOZKLFKZDVFRPSOHWHGLQ7KHLVODQGVRI5ǎQJUDDQG

Figure Pyongyang-V. ChangjƄn-street (2012) Figure Pyongyang-VI. Kim Il-sung Square (2012)

 6LQFHQXPHURXVUHSUHVHQWDWLYHEXLOGLQJVDVZHOODVEXLOGLQJVIRUDGPLQLVWUDWLYH SXUSRVHVZHUHEXLOWLQ-XQJNX\RNWKHLQGXVWULDOLPSRUWDQFHRIWKLVNX\RNGHFUHDVHG7KH ¿YHFRPSDQLHVRIWKLVNX\RNZKLFKZHUHLGHQWL¿HGDVLPSRUWDQWFRPSDQLHVDFFRUGLQJWR &KDS,,,DUHVROHO\OLJKWLQGXVWU\FRPSDQLHV$PRQJWKHVHDUHWKUHHFRPSDQLHVRI WKHWH[WLOHLQGXVWU\3\RQJ\DQJ$HJXN.QLWWHG*RRGV)DFWRU\ZKLFKEHJDQLWVSURGXFWLRQ LQDQGOLHVDWWKHIRRWRIWKH&KDQJJZDQJVDQLQ6ǂFKDQJGRQJWKH3\RQJ\DQJ &KLOGUHQ¶V&ORWKLQJ)DFWRU\ZKLFKZDVEXLOWEHWZHHQDQGDWWKH&KDQJJZDQJ URDGDQGWKH3\RQJ\DQJ&KDQJJZDQJ&ORWKLQJ)DFWRU\ZKLFKKDVEHHQIRXQGHGLQ 7KDWWKHUHVLGHQWLDOIXQFWLRQVKDYHEHHQDEDQGRQHGDWWKHH[SHQVHRIUHSUHVHQWDWLRQDO

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV EXLOGLQJVHWFLVXQGHUOLQHGE\WKHIDFWWKDWVHYHQGRQJ³GLVDSSHDUHG´LQWKHDUHDRI WRGD\¶V-XQJNX\RN,QWKH¿UVWPHUJHURIWZRGRQJRFFXUUHGLQWKHH[WUHPHQRUWK RIWKHNX\RNZKHUHWKH0RUDQERQJ3DUNZDVEXLOWLQWKHVDPH\HDU LQ0RUDQERQJ NX\RNWZRDGGLWLRQDOGRQJ³GLVDSSHDUHG´LQIRUWKHVDPHUHDVRQ 7KHPHUJHURIWKH &KDQJMǂQGRQJZLWKWKH0DQVXGRQJLQFRLQFLGHVZLWKWKHSHULRGRIWKHRSHQLQJ RIWKH0DQVXGDH*UDQG0RQXPHQW7KHUHPDLQLQJ³GLVDSSHDUHG´GRQJDUHORFDWHGLQWKH QRUWKHUQSDUWRIWKHNX\RN7KHHPHUJHQFHRIQHZGRQJLVOLPLWHGWRWKHSHULRGEHWZHHQ DQG

Figure Pyongyang-VII. Vanished dong Figure Pyongyang-VIII. Dong in Jung- (Jung) kuyok

 6WDWLVWLFV-XQJNX\RN GRQJ 

                      

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD Phyongchon-kuyok - the kuyok with most of the industrial companies

7KLVNX\RNLVORFDWHGVRXWKZHVWRIWKHUDLOZD\OLQHWKURXJK3\RQJ\DQJWKDWVHSDUDWHV LWIURPWKH-XQJNX\RN,QWKLVNX\RNDYDULHW\RILQGXVWULDOFRPSDQLHVLQFOXGLQJWKH 3\RQJ\DQJ7KHUPDO3RZHU&RPSOH[DUHVLWXDWHG7KH&KROOLPDURDGUXQVWKURXJKWKLV NX\RN)RUHLJQYLVLWRUVDUHRIWHQEURXJKWWRWKH0DQVXGDH$UW6WXGLRDQG6FKRRO$WWKH IRRWRIWKH3RWKRQJJDQJDWWKH$QVDQ%ULGJHWKH3RWKRQJJDQJ+RWHOZKLFKZDVRSHQHG LQLVORFDWHG0DMRUXQLYHUVLWLHVLQWKLVNX\RNDUHWKH3\RQJ\DQJ-RQJ&KRO.X 8QLYHUVLW\RI&RPPHUFHDQGWKH3\RQJ\DQJ8QLYHUVLW\RIWKH3ULQWLQJ,QGXVWULDO$UWV

Figure Pyongyang-IX. Pyongchon-kuyok (2012)

7KH3\RQJFKRQNX\RNLVWKHNX\RNRI3\RQJ\DQJZLWKPRVWRIWKHLPSRUWDQWLQGXVWULDO FRPSDQLHV7KH2FWREHUWK$XWRPDWLRQ,QVWUXPHQW)DFWRU\ZHQWLQWRRSHUDWLRQLQ ,3$ DQGKDVDWRWDODUHDRIPð .2)& 7KH 0RUDQERQJ$XWRPDWLRQ,QVWUXPHQW)DFWRU\VWDUWHGRSHUDWLRQVLQ ,3$  %RWKIDFWRULHVDUHORFDWHGZLWKLQWKHLQGXVWULDO]RQHRIWKH3K\RQJFKRQGLVWULFW 7KH7DHGRQJJDQJ%DWWHU\)DFWRU\LVORFDWHGLQ-ǂQJSK\ǂQJGRQJ,WZDVEXLOWLQ ZLWK6RYLHWDLGDQGSXWLQWRRSHUDWLRQLQ,QWKHFRPSDQ\ZDVH[SDQGHGE\ XVLQJ6RYLHWHTXLSPHQW7KHWRWDODUHDDPRXQWVWRPðZKHUHZRUNHUVDUH HPSOR\HG .2)& ,QWKH0DUFKWK)DFWRU\LQ-ǂQJSK\ǂQJGRQJDYDULHW\ RIFDEOHVDUHPDQXIDFWXUHG ,3$ ,WLVWKHODUJHVWHOHFWULFFDEOHIDFWRU\LQ WKH'35.RUHDZKHUHZRUNHUVDUHHPSOR\HGRQDWRWDODUHDRIPð7KH FRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKHIDFWRU\EHJDQLQZLWKWKHKHOSRIWKH&]HFKRVORYDNLDDQGWKH

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV SURGXFWLRQEHJDQLQ .2)& ,QWKH3\RQJ\DQJ6ODJ3UHIDE3DUWV )DFWRU\LQ-ǂQJSK\ǂ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

7KH.LP-RQJ6XN3\RQJ\DQJ6LON0LOOZDVIRXQGHGLQ ,3$ ,W LVORFDWHGLQ+DHXQGRQJDQGKDVDWRWDORSHUDWLQJDUHDRIPðDQGDSSUR[LPDWHO\ ZRUNHUV³.LP-RQJ6XN´ZDVDWWDFKHGWRWKHIDFWRU\QDPHLQ .2)&  7KH3\RQJ\DQJ0HQ¶V&ORWKLQJ)DFWRU\LQ$QVDQGRQJZDVEXLOWDVSDUWRI WKHVL[\HDUHFRQRPLFSODQ  &RQVWUXFWLRQEHJDQLQDQGWKHRSHUDWLRQ VWDUWHGLQ ,3$ ,QWKH3\RQJ\DQJ&KLOGUHQ¶V)RRGVWXII3URFHVVLQJ )DFWRU\ZKLFKZDVEXLOWLQIRRGVXFKDVVR\PLONLVSURGXFHG ,3$  7KH3\RQJ\DQJ7KHUPDO3RZHU&RPSOH[LQ6DHPDǎOGRQJZDVEXLOWEHWZHHQ DQGZLWK6RYLHWDLGDQGVXSSOLHVWKHFLWLHVRI3\RQJ\DQJ1DPSKRDQG6RQJULP ZLWKHQHUJ\ ,3$ ,WLVWKH¿UVWWKHUPDOSRZHUSODQWRIWKH'35.RUHDZKLFK ZDVEXLOWIRULQGXVWULDOSXUSRVHV,WLVDOVRXVHGWRVXSSO\WKHSRSXODWLRQZLWKKHDWLQJ &RQVWUXFWLRQEHJDQLQ+RZHYHUZKHQ6RYLHWDLGZDVVWRSSHGLQ$XJXVWWKH FRQVWUXFWLRQZDVGHOD\HG7KH¿UVWSDUWVRIWKHSRZHUSODQWWKRXJKZHQWLQWRRSHUDWLRQ LQ7KHSRZHUSODQWEXUQVFRDOIURPWKHQRUWKHUQ3K\RQJQDPFRDOUHJLRQ 5HJLRQRI 6XQFKRQ7RNFKRQ.DHFKRQ DQGIURPWKHFRDO¿HOGRIWKH.DQJGRQJUHJLRQ

6WDWLVWLFV3\RQJFKRQNX\RN GRQJ

Figure Pyongyang-X. Dong in the Pyongchon-kuyok

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD 0RVWGRQJHUPHUJHGEHWZHHQDQG7KHWZRQHZO\LQHVWDEOLVKHG GRQJDUHWKHRQHVRIPRVWUHFHQWGDWHZLWKLQWKHNX\RNZLWKLQWKHGRZQWRZQDUHDZHVWRI WKH7DHGRQJJDQJ

Moranbong-kuyok - Parks and the Arch of Triumph

7KH0RUDQERQJNX\RNOLHVQRUWKZHVWDWWKHIRRWRI0RUDQERQJ,WOLHVMXVWZHVWRIWKH 7DHGRQJJDQJDQGQRUWKRIWKHFHQWUDO-XQJNX\RN,QWKLVNX\RNWKH7ULXPSKDO$UFK .DHVǂQPXQ LVVLWXDWHGDQGZLWKLQWKH0RUDQERQJSDUNLVWKH.LP,OVXQJVWDGLXP DQGWKH.DHVǂQ

Figure Pyongyang-XI. Vanished dong Figure Pyongyang-XII. Dong in Moranbong- (Moranbong) kuyok 

,WLVQRWLFHDEOHWKDWEHWZHHQIRXUGRQJ³YDQLVKHG´GXHWRPHUJHUV 7KUHHRIWKHPZHUHORFDWHGLQWKHHDVWRIWKHNX\RNLQWKHDUHDQHDUWKHULYHUEDQNRIWKH 7DHGRQJJDQJZKHUHWRGD\WKH0RUDQERQJ3DUNLVORFDWHG7KH³YDQLVKLQJ´RIWKHGRQJ WHVWL¿HVWKDWWKHUHVLGHQWLDODUHDVFORVHWRWKHULYHUEDQNLQFOXGLQJWKHROGNLVDHQJGLVWULFW ZHUHHOLPLQDWHGDQGPDMRUSDUNVZHUHEXLOWLQVWHDG

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV 2QWKHRWKHUKDQGIRXUGRQJHPHUJHGLQDQGLQWKHFHQWHUDQGLQWKHZHVW RIWKHNX\RN

Pothonggang-kuyok - Ryugyong hotel and residential complex for the executive

7KHUDLOZD\OLQHIURP3\RQJ\DQJVWDWLRQWRZDUGV6LQXLMXUXQVWKURXJKWKH3RWKRQJNX\RN LQ6RXWK1RUWKGLUHFWLRQ7HQRIGRQJRIWKHNX\RNDUHHDVWRIWKHUDLOZD\OLQH7KH VRXWKHUQSDUWRIWKLVHDVWHUQSDUWLVRFFXSLHGE\WKH3RQJKZD6WUHHWWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQW VWUHHWRIWKHNX\RN7KLVDSSUR[LPDWHO\PORQJURDGZDVEXLOWIURPWR LQWKHWLPHRI³3\RQJ\DQJVSHHG´,QWKHQRUWKHDVWWKH5\XJ\ǂQJ+RWHOLVVLWXDWHG,QWKH ZHVWHUQSDUWRIWKHNX\RNOLHVVRXWKWKH3RWKRQJJDQJVWDWLRQDQGQRUWKRILWRQDIRRWKLOO WKH'35.RUHD([HFXWLYH+RXVLQJ&RPSOH[5DNZǂQDQGWKH+HDGTXDUWHURIWKH1DWLRQDO 'HIHQVH&RPPLVVLRQ 

Figure Pyongyang-XIII. RyugyƄng-Hotel (2012) Figure Pyongyang-XIV. Subway station HwanggƼmbƄl (2012)

7KH3RWKRQJJDQJ

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD /RQJHYLW\ .RU\R0HGLFLQH([SRUW)DFWRU\ZDVIRXQGHGLQ ,3$  3RWKRQJJDQJ)RRWZHDU)DFWRU\ IRUPHU3\RQJ\DQJ9LQ\O&KORULGHV6KRHV)DFWRU\ LV VLWXDWHGLQ5DNZǂQGRQJ ,3$ 



Figure Pyongyang-XV. Vanished dong Figure Pyongyang-XVI. Dong in Pothonggang- (Pothonggang) kuyok

7KHGRQJZKLFKKDVYDQLVKHGLQZDVVLWXDWHGQHDUWKH5\XJ\ǂQJ+RWHOZKRVH FRQVWUXFWLRQEHJDQLQ7KHWZRGRQJWKDWGLVDSSHDUHGLQDQGZHUHORFDWHG LQWKHZHVWRIWKHNX\RN

6WDWLVWLFV3RWKRQJJDQJNX\RN GRQJ                           

Sosong-kuyok - Location of Kim Jong Thae Electric Locomotive Complexes

7KH6RVRQJNX\RNFRQVLVWVRIDZHVWHUQSDUWZLWKWKHUHJLRQDURXQG:HVW3\RQJ\DQJ 6WDWLRQ:HVWRIWKHVWDWLRQLQ1DPJ\RGRQJWKH.LP-RQJ7KDH(OHFWULF/RFRPRWLYH

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV &RPSOH[LVVLWXDWHG(DVWRIWKHVWDWLRQDQDUHDDGMRLQVWKDWLVGLYLGHGLQWRVL[GRQJ7KH DUHDRIWKHNX\RNWKHQQDUURZVLQWKHFHQWHUZKHUHWKH3\RQJ\DQJ7UROOH\%XV)DFWRU\LV ORFDWHGLQ6ǂNERQJGRQJ,QWKHFHQWHURIWKHHDVWHUQSDUWRIWKHNX\RNWKH([KLELWLRQRI WKH7KUHH5HYROXWLRQLVVLWXDWHG 

Figure Pyongyang-XVII. Dong in Sosong- Figure Pyongyang-XVIII. Inhung-street (right: kuyok (2012) HyƄksin subway station) (2012)

,QWKH.LP-RQJ7KDH(OHFWULF/RFRPRWLYH&RPSOH[DYDULHW\RISDVVHQJHUWUDLQV LVSURGXFHG7KHFRPSDQ\ZDVIRXQGHGLQ7KH3\RQJ\DQJ7UROOH\%XV)DFWRU\ DPRXQWVWRDWRWDODUHDRIPðZKHUHDSSUR[LPDWHO\SHRSOHDUHHPSOR\HG .2)&  7KH3\RQJ\DQJ3ODVWLF%XLOGLQJ0DWHULDOV)DFWRU\VWDUWHGLWVRSHUDWLRQLQDQG SURGXFHVDQ\W\SHVRISODVWLFSLSHV ,3$ 7KH3\RQJ\DQJ:RRG3URGXFWV )DFWRU\ZDVHVWDEOLVKHGLQ7KH-RVRQ0\ǂQJVLP7UDGH&RPSDQ\ZKLFKZDV QRWLQFOXGHGLQWKHVWDWLVWLFVRILQGXVWULDOFRPSDQLHVGXHWRLWVGHVLJQDWLRQDVDWUDGLQJ FRPSDQ\SURGXFHVDFFRUGLQJWR,3$  YDULRXVNLQGVRIKRQH\$OOWKUHH FRPSDQLHVDUHORFDWHGLQ6ǂFKǂQGRQJGLUHFWO\LQWKHHDVWIURPWKH:HVWUDLOZD\VWDWLRQ

6WDWLVWLFV6RVRQJNX\RN GRQJ 'RQJ)RUPDWLRQ'RQJ6SOLWWLQJ      

  

  

  

  

$IWHUQRDGPLQLVWUDWLYHFKDQJHVZHUHPDGHDQ\PRUHLQWKLVNX\RN

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD Taesong-kuyok - urbanized West, Taesong-san in the East

7KH7DHVRQJNX\RNFRQVLVWVRIDQDUURZGHQVHO\SRSXODWHGZHVWHUQSDUWDQGDZLGHUVSDUVHO\ SRSXODWHGHDVWHUQSDUW 7KURXJKWKHZHVWHUQSDUWUXQVWKH.ǎPVǂQJURDGVRXWKRILWWKH.LP,OVXQJ 8QLYHUVLW\DQGWKH.ǎPVXVDQ3DODFHRIWKH6XQDVZHOODVWKHPDXVROHXPRI.LP,O VXQJDUHORFDWHG7KH3\RQJ\DQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI)RUHLJQ/DQJXDJHVLVVLWXDWHGZLWKLQWKH UHVLGHQWLDODUHDQRUWKRI.ǎPVǂQJURDG,QWKH(DVWOLHVWKH7DHVRQJVDQDQGDWLWVIRRWWKH 5HYROXWLRQDU\0DUW\UV&HPHWHU\WKH3\RQJ\DQJ&HQWUDO=RRWKH)RON3DUNDQGRWKHU IDFLOLWLHV

Figure Pyongyang-XIX. Zoo (2006) Figure Pyongyang-XX. Ryongbuk Middle School (2012)

 ,QWKH,3$QLQHLPSRUWDQWFRPSDQLHVDUHPHQWLRQHGIRXUSRZHUSODQWVDQGILYH FRPSDQLHVRIWKHOLJKWLQGXVWU\7KH7DHVRQJVDQ6PDOO6L]H3RZHU3ODQWZHUHDOO FRQVWUXFWHGLQ ,3$  ,QWKH7DHVRQJ&HUDPLF)DFWRU\PDLQO\VWUXFWXUDOFHUDPLFVDUHSURGXFHG ,3$  ,QWKH7DHVRQJ3KDUPDFHXWLFDO)DFWRU\ZKLFKSURGXFHVVLQFHLQ.RVDQ GRQJLQWKHHDVWHUQSDUWRIWKHGLVWULFWHVSHFLDOO\SURGXFWVIRUH[WHUQDOXVHDUHPDGH ,3$  7KH5\RQJERN*HQHUDO)RRGVWXII)DFWRU\LQ5\RQJEXNGRQJPDQXIDFWXUHV PDLQO\VDXFHVDQGVHDVRQLQJ7KH3\RQJ\DQJ6HFRQGDU\(GXFDWLRQ%RRN3ULQWLQJ)DFWRU\ LQ0LVDQGRQJZDVEXLOWLQDQGEHJDQLWVRSHUDWLRQLQ$FFRUGLQJWR,3$   D3\RQJ\DQJ&RVPHWLFVIDFWRU\LVORFDWHGLQ7DHVRQJNX\RNDVZHOOZKLFK PDQXIDFWXUHVFUHDPVVRDSVHWFVLQFH



1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV Figure Pyongyang-XXI. Vanished dong Figure Pyongyang-XXII. Dong in Taesong-kuyok (Taesong)

6WDWLVWLFHV7DHVRQJNX\RN GRQJ 'RQJ)RUPDWLRQ'RQJ6SOLWWLQJ                    

%RWKPHUJHUVZHUHPDGHLQWKHZHVWRIWKHNX\RN

IV.2.12. 3. Inner city district east to the Taedong-gang

Taedonggang-kuyok - Munsu-Street and embassy area

7KH7DHGRQJJDQJUXQVDURXQGWKH7DHGRQJJDQJNX\RNLQWKHZHVWDQGLQWKHQRUWK,WZDV IRXQGHGLQ,QWKHZHVWHUQSDUWZDVVHSDUDWHGDQGIRUPHGWKH0XQVXNX\RN ZKLFKZDVDJDLQLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWKH7DHGRQJJDQJNX\RNLQ,QWKLVNX\RNWKHUH DUHPDQ\EURDGVWUHHWVZLWKUHVLGHQWLDOKRXVHVDQGSXEOLFLQVWLWXWLRQV7KHLQEXLOW 0XQVXVWUHHWUXQVLQWKH6RXWK1RUWKGLUHFWLRQ,QWKLVVWUHHWWKH3\RQJ\DQJDLUSRUWXVHG WREHDVZHOO7KHVRXWKERUGHURIWKHNX\RNLVPDUNHGE\WKH7RQJGDHZRQ6WUHHWZKLFK UXQVIURPWKH:HVWWRWKH(DVW)URPWKLVVWUHHWWKH7DHKDNVWUHHWUXQVLQWKHQRUWKHDVW GLUHFWLRQ :LWKLQWKLVNX\RNWKH3\RQJ\DQJ0DWHUQLW\+RVSLWDOLVORFDWHGZKLFKLVRIWHQ VKRZQWRIRUHLJQHUVDVZHOODVWKH(DVW3\RQJ\DQJWKHDWUHWKH3\RQJ\DQJ8QLYHUVLW\

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD RI,QWHUQDWLRQDO6WXGLHVWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI(FRQRPLFV LQ8HDPGRQJ WKH8QLYHUVLW\RI 0XVLFDQG'DQFHDQGQXPHURXVRWKHUXQLYHUVLWLHVWKHHPEDVV\DUHDDVZHOODVWKH.RUHDQ :RUNHUV¶3DUW\0RQXPHQW

Figure Pyongyang-XXIII. Taedonggang-kuyok (2012)

7KH$HJXN*DUPHQW)DFWRU\³&KRL-RQJ5DN´ZKLFKKDVEHHQQDPHGDIWHUDQ RYHUVHDV.RUHDQLVORFDWHGRQ0XQVX6WUHHW7KHUHWKH\SURGXFHPHQ¶VDSSDUHOIRU H[SRUW7KH.RUHD7HQ7KRXVDQG

2QWKHWHUULWRU\RIWRGD\¶V7DHGRQJ JDQJNX\RNQLQHGRQJH[LVWHGLQWKH \HDU8QWLORWKHUGRQJZHUH IRUPHGE\VHSDUDWLRQIURPDOUHDG\H[LVWL QJGRQJWZRWRWKUHHQHZGRQJHPHUJHG FRQVHTXHQWLDOO\LQHYHU\GHFDGHZLWKWKH H[FHSWLRQRIWKHHDUO\VZKHQWKH FRQVWUXFWLRQRIQHZUHVLGHQWLDOKRXVHVRQ WKHQHZO\EXLOW0XQVXVWUHHWDQGDORQJ WKH7DHGRQJJDQJEDQNVZDVWKHUHDVRQ IRUWKHIRUPDWLRQRIQXPHURXVQHZGRQJ

Figure Pyongyang-XXIV. Dong in Taedonggang- kuyok

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV

,WLVSRVVLEOHWRGLYLGHWKHNX\RNLQWRWKUHHDUHDV,QWKHNX\RNZDVGLYLGHGIRU DVKRUWSHULRGLQWKH:HVWWKH0XQVXNX\RNHPHUJHG7KHSDUWWKDWDOVREHORQJHGWRWKH 7DHGRQJJDQJNX\RNEHWZHHQDQGLVFDOOHG³(DVW´LQWKHWDEOHEHORZ7KHSDUW WKDWEHORQJHGWRWKH0XQVXNX\RNEHWZHHQDQGLVVXEGLYLGHGLQWKH³:HVW´ ZKLFKLQFOXGHWKHDUHDDURXQGWKH0XQVXVWUHHWDQGWKH7DHGRQJJDQJEDQNVZKLOHWKH UHPDLQLQJSDUWVRIWKHIRUPHU0XQVXNX\RNDUHFODVVL¿HGDV³&HQWHU´

Table Pyongyang-IX. Dong in Taedonggang-kuyok

East Center West 1955 (9) 6 3 - 1963 (10) 6 4 - 1967 (11) 6 5 - 1972 (14) 8 6 - 1981 (15) 9 6 - 1982 (24) 9 6 9 1991 (25) 9 7 9

,WLVFOHDUO\QRWLFHDEOHWKDWWKHGHYHORSPHQWDOSROHOLHVLQWKHZHVWHUQSDUWRIWKHNX\RN

Tongdaewon-kuyok - the kuyok east to the Tower

7RQJGDHZRQNX\RNLVORFDWHGGLUHFWO\VRXWKIURP7DHGRQJJDQJNX\RN6LQFHWKH -XFKH7RZHULVORFDWHGWKHUHLQWKH7RQJGDHZRQNX\RN,Q7RQJGDHZRQNX\RNVHYHUDO UHVHDUFKDQGHGXFDWLRQDOIDFLOLWLHVOLNHWKH.LP,OVXQJ+LJK/HYHO3DUW\8QLYHUVLW\ WKH.ǎPVǂQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI3ROLWLFVWKH.LP+\RQJ-LN8QLYHUVLW\RI(GXFDWLRQWKH 3\RQJ\DQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI'UDPDWLFDQG&LQHPDWLF$UWVWKH3\RQJMDQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI 3K\VLFDO(GXFDWLRQDQGRWKHUVDUHORFDWHG 2QWKHWHUULWRU\RIWRGD\¶V7RQJGDHZRQNX\RNQLQHGRQJLQZHUHVLWXDWHG8QWLO QLQHRWKHUVHPHUJHGGXHWRVHSDUDWLRQVIURPDOUHDG\H[LVWLQJGRQJ,WFDQEHQRWLFHG WKDW,3$  GRHVQRWPHQWLRQDQ\QHZGRQJLQWKHSHULRGDIWHU

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD Figure Pyongyang-XXV. Dong in Tongdaewon- Figure Pyongyang-XXVI. Tongdaewon-kuyok kuyok (2012) 

7KHHDVWHUQSDUWRIWKHNX\RNLVKLOO\LQFOXGLQJWKHPKLJK0XQVXERQJ

Table Pyongyang-X. Dong in Tongdaewon-kuyok

West East 1955 (9) 6 3 1960 (10) 7 3 1965 (13) 9 4 1967 (16) 12 4 1972 (18) 12 6

7KH:HVWDQGWKHDUHDDURXQG0XQVXERQJERWKGRXEOHGWKHLUDPRXQWRIGRQJ ,QWKH:HVWQRQHZGRQJHPHUJHGDIWHUWKHV 7KH.\ǂQJU\ǂQ$HJXN&DUERQDWHG'ULQN)DFWRU\ZDVHVWDEOLVKHGLQDV 5DHQJFKǂQ&LGHU)DFWRU\,QWKHIDFWRU\ZKLFKLVORFDWHGDWWKHERWWRPRIWKH 0XQVXERQJWKDWSURGXFHVFROGVRIWGULQNVZDVUHQDPHGWRLWVFXUUHQWQDPH7KH EHJLQQLQJVRIWKH(GXFDWLRQDO%RRNV3ULQWLQJ)DFWRU\DVDSULQWVKRSFDQEHWUDFHG EDFNWRDQGWKHFRPSDQ\RSHUDWHVDVDIDFWRU\VLQFH7H[WERRNVRIDOONLQGV VWDUWLQJIURPWKHSULPHUIRUNLQGHUJDUWHQVWRXQLYHUVLW\WH[WERRNVDUHSULQWHGWKHUH7KH 7RQJGDHZRQ*DUPHQW)DFWRU\LVORFDWHGDW7RQJVLQGRQJ7KH0RUDQERQJ-RLQW9HQWXUH

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV &RPSDQ\ZDVSDUWRIWKH7RQJGDHZRQ*DUPHQW)DFWRU\DQGLVRSHUDWLQJDVDQLQGHSHQGHQW IDFWRU\VLQFH7KH3\RQJ\DQJ)RRWZHDU)DFWRU\LVVLWXDWHGLQ6DPPDGRQJLQWKH HDVWHUQSDUWRIWKHGLVWULFW,WVSUHGHFHVVRUXVHGWREHDIDFWRU\WKDWSURGXFHGJDORVKHV VLQFH+RZHYHUWKHIDFWRU\RQLWVFXUUHQWSODFHZDVEXLOWLQ7KURXJKRXWWKH \HDUVWKHIDFWRU\FRQVWDQWO\LQFUHDVHGLWVUDQJHRISURGXFWV ,3$.2)&  

Songyo-kuyok - Industrial area in East-Pyongyang

7KH&KǂQJQ\ǂQVWUHHWZKLFKKDVEHHQEXLOWLQWKDWPHUJHVLQWRWKH0XQVXVWUHHWLQ WKH1RUWKUXQVWKURXJKWKHZHVWHUQSDUWRI6RQJ\RNX\RN/RFDWHGLQWKLVNX\RNWKHUHDUH PDQ\IDFWRULHVRIWKHOLJKWLQGXVWU\VHFWRUWKDWSURGXFHVWHHOZDUHUXEEHUFHUHDOSURGXFWV RWKHUIRRGWH[WLOHWH[WLOHPDFKLQHVHOHYDWRUVPHGLFLQHOLJKWLQJDSSOLDQFHHWF6RQJ\X NX\ǂNDOVRFRQVLVWVRIDZHVWHUQSDUWDQGDKLOO\HDVWHUQSDUW 2QWKHWHUULWRU\RIWRGD\¶V6RQJ\RNX\RNWHQGRQJH[LVWHGLQWKH\HDU8QWLO HOHYHQPRUHHPHUJHGGXHWRVHSDUDWLRQVIURPDOUHDG\H[LVWLQJGRQJ 2QWKHVRXWKHUQERUGHUWR5DNUDQJNX\RNWKH0XMLQFKǂQUXQVLQWRWKH7DHGRQJJDQJ 2QHRILWVWULEXWDU\VWUHDPVVHSDUDWHVWKH6RQJ\RNX\RNLQDZHVWHUQDQGDQHDVWHUQSDUW 7KHFHQWUDOVWUHHWLQWKHZHVWHUQSDUWLVWKH&KǂQJQ\ǂQVWUHHWWKDWUXQVIURP1RUWK WR6RXWK%HWZHHQWKLVVWUHHWDQGWKH7DHGRQJJDQJODUJHIDFWRULHVDUHOLQHGXSLQWKH VRXWKHUQSDUWRIWKLVGLVWULFW)RUH[DPSOHWKH3\RQJ\DQJ5XEEHU)DFWRU\WKH3\RQJ\DQJ 7H[WLOH0DFKLQH)DFWRU\WKH.LP-RQJ6XN3\RQJ\DQJ7H[WLOH0LOOWKH3K\RQJXQ -XQJVRQJ-RLQW9HQWXUH&RUSRUDWLRQ,QWKH6RXWKOLHV7DHGRQJJDQJVWDWLRQ 7KHHDVWHUQERUGHURIWKLVGLVWULFWUXQVDORQJWKH3K\ǂQJGǂNVRQUDLOZD\OLQHIURP .XMDQJWR7RNFKRQ

Figure Pyongyang-XXVII. Dong in Sonkyo- Figure Pyongyang-XXVIII. Sonkyo-kuyok (2012) kuyok

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD

Table Pyongyang-XI. Dong in Sonkyo-kuyok

West East 1955 (10) 5 5 1960 (11) 6 5 1963 (12) 6 6 1965 (17) 7 10 1967 (19) 8 11 1972 (21) 9 12

7KH³(DVW´SRVVLEO\KDGDVWURQJHUGHYHORSPHQWWKDQWKH³:HVW´,QWKH\HDU DORQHILYHQHZGRQJHPHUJHG7KLVPLJKWEHEHFDXVHWKHPDMRULW\RIWKHIDFWRULHV GHYHORSHGFORVHWRWKHUDLOOLQHVLQWKHHDVWDQGVRXWKHDVWRIWKHNX\RN(YHQKHUHWKHUHDUHQR DGPLQLVWUDWLYHFKDQJHVVKRZQDIWHU $IWHU3\RQJFKRQNX\RN6RQN\RNX\RNLV3\RQJ\DQJ¶VNX\RNKRXVLQJPRVWRIWKH LQGXVWULDOFRPSDQLHV

7KHPRVWLPSRUWDQWDQGODUJHVWIDFWRU\RIWKLVGLVWULFWLVWKH.LP-RQJ6XN3\RQJ\DQJ 7H[WLOH0LOO2WKHUIDFWRULHVRIWKLVNX\RNVXFKDVWKH3\RQJ\DQJ7H[WLOH0DFKLQH)DFWRU\ DQGWKH6RQJ\R.QLWWHG*RRGV)DFWRU\HPHUJHGDVIRUPHUVXEVLGLDULHVRIWKLVFRPSDQ\ 7KH.LP-RQJ6XN3\RQJ\DQJ7H[WLOH0LOOKDVDWRWDODUHDRIPð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ð ,3$ 3\RQJ\DQJ6RQJ\R .QLWWHG*RRGV)DFWRU\ZKLFKSURGXFHVNQLWZHDUIRUDGXOWVDQGNLGVZDVVHSDUDWHGIURP

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV WKH3\RQJ\DQJ7H[WLOH0LOODQGEHFDPHLQGHSHQGHQWLQ ,3$  3\RQJ\DQJ6WHHO:RUNVLVORFDWHGLQ8WPHGRQJLQWKHHDVWRIWKHGLVWULFW7KHIDFWRU\ ZDVEXLOWLQDQGVWDUWHGLWVSURGXFWLRQLQ7KHWRWDODUHDLVPð ,3$  7KH3\RQJ\DQJ5XEEHU)DFWRU\ZDVHVWDEOLVKHGLQ:LWKLQWKHVFRSH RIWKHVHFRQG6HYHQ

IV.2.12. 4. City suburbs west of the Taedong-gang

Samsok-kuyok - Kuyok with large agricultural companies

7KH6DPVRQJNX\RNLVWKHPRVWQRUWKHDVWHUQNX\RNRI3\RQJ\DQJZHVWIURPWKH 7DHGRQJJDQJ,WFRQVLVWVRIIRXUGRQJDQGVHYHQULDOWKRXJKDOOGRQJDUHORFDWHGLQWKH VRXWKHUQSDUWRIWKHNX\RN7KHQRUWKZHVWRIWKHNX\RNLVRFFXSLHGE\WKHVRXWKHUQSDUW RIWKH&KǂQJU\RQJPRXQWDLQUDQJHZKHUHWKH.XNVDERQJ P PDUNVWKHERUGHUIRU 8QMRQJNX\RNDQG5\RQJVRQJNX\RNDQGWKH3DHNMXNVDQ P PDUNVWKHERUGHUWR 8QMRQJNX\RN7KHHDVWHUQERUGHULVIRUPHGE\WKH7DHGRQJJDQJLQZKLFKWKH7RGǂN ULZKHUHWKHLQFRPSOHWHG3RQJKZD%DUUDJHLVVLWXDWHGRQWKHERUGHUWR.DQJGRQJ NXQLVORFDWHG ,3$ ,QWKHVRXWKHDVWRIWKHNX\RNZKHUHWKH7DHGRQJJDQJ PHDQGHUVWRZDUGV(DVWDGRPLFLOHRIWKHOHDGHUVKLSRIWKH'35.LVVXVSHFWHG ,Q6DPVRNNX\RNDQXPEHURIVSHFLDOL]HGDJULFXOWXUDOFRPSDQLHVDUHVLWXDWHG HVSHFLDOO\WKH7DHGRQJJDQJ&RPELQHG)UXLW)DUPLQWKHHDVWRIWKHNX\RN([DPSOHVRI LQWHQVLYHDQLPDOKXVEDQGU\DUHWKH.ZDQJGǂN3LJ)DUPLQWKHQRUWKRIWKHNX\RNDVZHOO

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD DVWKH:ǂQVLQ*HQHUDO3RXOWU\)DUPWKH:ǂQVLQ&KLFNHQ)DUPDQGWKH7RGǂN'XFN )DUP 'XHWRWKHH[FHOOHQWORFDWLRQDFFRUGLQJWRWKHIHQJVKXLSKLORVRSK\EHWZHHQ PRXQWDLQVDQGULYHUVWKHUHDUHDQXPEHURIKLVWRULFDOWRPEVZLWKLQWKHNX\RN 7KH,3$PHUHO\VWDWHGRQHVLQJOHLQGXVWULDOFRPSDQ\RIWKLVNX\RNDVDQLPSRUWDQW FRPSDQ\WKH6DPVRN6WHYLD5H¿QLQJ)DFWRU\,WLVDIRRGIDFWRU\ZKLFKFOHDQVH[WUDFWV DQGUH¿QHVVWHYLD VXJDUOHDI RQDWRWDODUHDRIPðVLQFH7KLVLOOXVWUDWHVWKH HFRQRPLFVWUXFWXUHZKLFKLVYHU\KLJKO\DOLJQHGWRWKHDJULFXOWXUHRIWKLVNX\RN

6WDWLVWLFV6DPVRNNX\RN GRQJUL 'RQJ)RUPDWLRQ'RQJ6SOLWWLQJ   

  

  

7ZLFH LQDQGLQ QHZGRQJZHUH FUHDWHGLQWKHFHQWHURIWKHNX\RNE\VSOLWWLQJIURP 6ǂQJPXQGRQJWKHUHE\VXJJHVWLQJDJURZWKLQ SRSXODWLRQGXULQJWKLVWLPH%HWZHHQDQG Figure Pyongyang-XXIX. Dong and ri WKHSURSRUWLRQRIWKHXUEDQSRSXODWLRQRI in Samsok-kuyok 6DPVRNNX\RNJUHZE\WR

Unjong-kuyok - the science district

8QWLO8QMRQJZDVVWLOODSDUWRI3K\RQVRQJVL3K\RQJ VRQJLWVHOIKDGEHHQIRXQGHGLQWKHVDVDFLW\RI VFLHQFH1XPHURXVUHVHDUFKLQVWLWXWLRQVDERYHDOOWKH $FDGHP\RI1DWXUDO6FLHQFHVZHUHEXLOWKHUH+RZHYHULQ WKHVRXWKHUQSDUWRIWKHFLW\RI3K\RQJVRQJWKHSDUW ZKHUHWKH$FDGHP\LVORFDWHGZDVUHRUJDQL]HGDV8QMRQJ NX\RNRIWKHFLW\RI3\RQJ\DQJ&RQVHTXHQWLDOO\WZR GRQJ 7ǂNVDQGRQJ3DHVDQGRQJ DQGSDUWVRIWZRRWKHU GRQJRI3K\RQJVRQJVLEHFDPHSDUWRIWKHQHZO\IRXQGHG 8QMRQJNX\RN WKH³GLVWULFWRIWKHEHQHYROHQWDIIHFWLRQ´  RI3\RQJ\DQJVL

7KH7DHKǎQJ8QMRQJ:RRG3URFHVVLQJ)DFWRU\ZKLFK Figure Pyongyang-XXX. Dong SURGXFHGDZLGHUDQJHRIIXUQLWXUHLVWKHRQO\LQGXVWULDO in Unjong-kuyok

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV FRPSDQ\WKDWLVOLVWHGLQ,3$DVDQLPSRUWDQWFRPSDQ\IRUWKLVGLVWULFW,WKDVDWRWDODUHDRI Pð ,3$ 

6WDWLVWLFV8QMRQJNX\RN GRQJ 'RQJ)RUPDWLRQ'RQJ6SOLWWLQJ   

  

7KHGRQJDUHVLWXDWHGLQWKHQRUWKRIWKHNX\RNQHDUWKHFLW\RI3K\RQJVRQJ

Ryongsong-kuyok at the foot of the ChƄngryong mountain range

7KHNX\RNKRVWVDPXOWLWXGHRIHGXFDWLRQDODQGUHVHDUFKLQVWLWXWLRQVZLWKDIRFXVRQ DJULFXOWXUH$KRXVLQJHVWDWHRIWKHUXOLQJHOLWHVKRXOGEHORFDWHGLQWKLVNX\RN7KHHDVWRI WKHNX\RNLVRFFXSLHGE\DSDUWRIWKH&KǂQJU\RQJPRXQWDLQUDQJH /DUJHDJULFXOWXUDOFRPSDQLHVDUHWKH5\RQJVRQJ4XDLO)DUPWKH5\RQJVRQJ&KLFNHQ )DUPZKLFKZDVEXLOWLQDQGWKH3\RQJ\DQJ*UHHQKRXVH)DUPZKLFKZDVEXLOWLQ DQGLVVSHFLDOL]HGLQJUHHQKRXVHYHJHWDEOHV $GGLWLRQDOO\WKHWKUHHLQGXVWULDOFRPSDQLHVZKLFKDUHOLVWHGLQWKH,3$DVLPSRUWDQW FRPSDQLHVDUHFRQQHFWHGZLWKWKHDJULFXOWXUHWKH0DUDP$VVRUWHG)HHG)DFWRU\VWDUWHG ZLWKLWVRSHUDWLRQLQ ,3$ WKH0RUDQERQJ.LPFKL)DFWRU\LQ+ZDVǂQJ GRQJKDVDWRWDODUHDRIPðDQGSURFHVVHVYHJHWDEOHVIURPWKH$JULFXOWXUDO $VVRFLDWLRQ2SHUDWLRQ+ZDVǂQJ ,3$  7KH5\RQJVRQJ0HDW3URFHVVLQJ)DFWRU\ VWDUWHGLWVRSHUDWLRQVLQDQGSURFHVVHVDSDUW IURPPHDWDOVRILVKVR\EHDQVIUXLWHWF ,3$   7KH.2)&  DOVRPHQWLRQVWKH 3\RQJ\DQJ3UHFLVLRQ0DFKLQH)DFWRU\ 0DUFK WK)DFWRU\ DVDQLPSRUWDQWFRPSDQ\ZKLFKLV ORFDWHGLQ5\RQJVRQJNX\RNZLWKZRUNHUV ,QLWZHQWLQWRRSHUDWLRQLQD%HDULQJ GLYLVLRQZLWK&KLQHVHDVVLVWDQFHZDVEXLOW 7KH6HSWHPEHUWK)DFWRU\ 5\RQJVRQJ%HDULQJ )DFWRU\ LVUHIHUUHGWRLQ.,(7  DV RQHRIWKHOHDGLQJ%HDULQJIDFWRULHVRIWKH'35.,W

ZDVEXLOWZLWKWKHKHOSRIWKH6RYLHW8QLRQWKH¿UVW Figure Pyongyang-XXXI. Dong in FRQVWUXFWLRQVWDJHZDVFRPSOHWHGLQDQGWKH Ryongsong-kuyok

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD VHFRQGFRQVWUXFWLRQVWDJHLQ7KHRSHUDWLQJDUHDLVVSHFL¿HGZLWKPXOWLSOHPð

6WDWLVWLFV5\RQJVRQJNX\RN GRQJ 'RQJ)RUPDWLRQ'RQJ6SOLWWLQJ

  URGRQJMDJX

  

     

           

Sunan - kuyok - Kuyok with the International Airport of Pyongyang

,Q6XQDQNX\RNWKH3\RQJ\DQJ6XQDQ,QWHUQDWLRQDO$LUSRUWLVORFDWHG7KXVWKHNX\RNLV DOVRWKHVHDWRIYDULRXVORJLVWLFVFRPSDQLHVDQGDLUOLQHVVWDUWLQJZLWKWKH$LU.RU\R$SDUW IURPWKDWWKHNX\RNLVUDWKHULQIOXHQFHGE\DJULFXOWXUH 6SHFLDOL]HGFRPSDQLHVLQWKHNX\RNDUHWKH3\RQJ\DQJ 2VWULFK)DUPDQGWKH6XQDQ)UXLW)DUP,PSRUWDQW LQGXVWULDOFRPSDQLHVIRUWKLVNX\RNDUHQHLWKHUOLVWHGLQ,3$ QRU.2)&

6WDWLVWLFV6XQDQNX\RN GRQJUL  XQWLO6XQDQ NXQ 'RQJ)RUPDWLRQ'RQJ6SOLWWLQJ   XS Figure Pyongyang-XXXII.     Dong and ri in Sunan-kuyok    

7KHFRXQW\ZDVWUDQVIHUUHGLQWRDNX\RNLQ,QGRLQJVRWKHXSZDVGLYLGHGLQWR IRXUGRQJ/DWHULQLQWKHVRXWKRIWKHNX\RN7DH\DQJGRQJZDVIRXQGHG

Hyongjesan-kuyok - Kuyok with the second highest increase in the rate of urbanization since 1986

,PSRUWDQWIDFLOLWLHVLQ+\RQJMHVDQNX\RNDUHWKH.RUHD)LOP6WXGLRVDQGWKH3\RQJ\DQJ

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV 8QLYHUVLW\RI5DLOZD\V7KH+\RQJMHVDQ([SRUW.QLWWHG *RRGV)DFWRU\ZKLFKZHQWLQWRRSHUDWLRQLQLV ORFDWHGLQ6ǂVRQGRQJ,WSURGXFHVNQLWZHDUIRUPHQ DQGZRPHQWKDWDUHDOVRH[SRUWHG ,3$  2WKHULPSRUWDQWFRPSDQLHVRIWKHNX\RNDUHWKH 3\RQJ\DQJ&LQHPD)LOP&RS\)DFWRU\IRXQGHGLQ DQGWKH6RSKR5DLOZD\0DFKLQH)DFWRU\7KHUHDUHDOVR FKLFNHQIDUPVLQWKHNX\RN +DGDQ&KLFNHQ)DUP6ǂSKR &KLFNHQ)DUP DQGDUHVHDUFKLQVWLWXWHIRXQGHGLQ

IRU3RXOWU\6FLHQFH Figure Pyongyang-XXXIII. Dong and ri in Hyongjesan-kuyok 6WDWLVWLFV+\RQJMHVDQNX\RN GRQJUL  'RQJ)RUPDWLRQ'RQJ6SOLWWLQJ         

  

  

0RUHUHFHQWDUHWKHGRQJLQWKHQRUWKHUQKDOIRIWKHNX\RN7KHWKUHHGRQJORFDWHG LQWKHQRUWKZHVWZHUHHVWDEOLVKHGLQ,QWKUHHQHZGRQJZHUHIRXQGHGLQWKH QRUWKHDVWRIWKHNX\RN%HWZHHQDQGWKHSHUFHQWDJHRIXUEDQSRSXODWLRQLQ 6DPVRNNX\RNJUHZIURPWRWKLVLVWKHVHFRQGKLJKHVWLQFUHDVHRIDNX\RN RI3\RQJ\DQJZLWKLQWKLVSHULRGRIWLPHDIWHUWKH5DNUDQJNX\RN

Mangyongdae - kuyok - Kwangbok residental area and ChƄngchun Sport Village

,QWKHFHQWHURIWKLVNX\RNWKH5\RQJJDNVDQ P ULVHV7KHHDVWHUQERXQGDU\LVIRUPHGE\ WKH3RWKRQJJDQJWKHVRXWKHUQERUGHUE\WKH7DHGRQJJDQJ,QWKHVRXWKZHVWHUQERUGHU WKH7DHERVDQ P ULVHV7KHPDLQVHWWOHPHQWDUHDVDUHORFDWHGHDVWRIWKH5\RQJJDN VDQLQ.ZDQJERN6WUHHWZKHUHKLJKULVHUHVLGHQWLDOEORFNVVKRSVDQGEXVLQHVVHVDUH OLQHGXS7KH.ZDQJERNUHVLGHQWLDOGLVWULFWZLWKDSDUWPHQWVZDVEXLOWLQ 7KLVLVFURVVHGE\&KǂQJFKXQ6WUHHWZKHUHQXPHURXVVSRUWVIDFLOLWLHVDUHORFDWHG7KH FRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKH.ZDQJERN6WUHHWDQGWKHVSRUWVIDFLOLWLHVDUHFRQQHFWHGZLWKWKHWK :RUOG)HVWLYDORI

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD 5\RQJERN3LJ5DQFKDQG&KLOJRO)DUP)LVK%UHHGLQJ*URXQG 7KH0DQJ\RQJGDH0DFKLQH7RRO)DFWRU\LVORFDWHGEHWZHHQWKHUDLOZD\OLQHIURP 3\RQJ\DQJWR1DPSKRDQGWKHURDGEHWZHHQ3\RQJ\DQJDQGWKH7DHGRQJXS,WZDV IRXQGHGLQE\WKHPHUJHURIWKUHHSURGXFWLRQFRRSHUDWLYHV2QDWRWDODUHDRI PðZRUNHUVDUHHPSOR\HG ,3$.2)& 7KH0DQJJ\RQJGDH 5RHQWJHQ)DFWRU\LQ7DQJVDQJGRQJPDQXIDFWXUHVPHGLFDOGHYLFHV,WZDVEXLOWIURP DQGZHQWLQWRRSHUDWLRQLQ7KHWRWDODUHDLVPð ,3$ 7KH 3\RQJ\DQJ3LDQR-RLQW9HQWXUH&RPSDQ\RQ.ZDQJERN6WUHHWLVDFRRSHUDWLRQEHWZHHQ FRPSDQLHVIURPWKH'35.DQG$XVWULD 7KH3\RQJ\DQJ)LOP)DFWRU\ZDVEXLOWLQDQGVWDUWHGLWVEXVLQHVVLQ,WKDV DWRWDODUHDRIPð ,3$ 7KH3\RQJ\DQJ$OXPLQXP*RRGV)DFWRU\ PDQXIDFWXUHVNLWFKHQXWHQVLOV,WKDVDWRWDODUHDRIPð ,3$ 7KH 0DQJ\RQJGDH'LVDEOHG6ROGLHUV¶)RXQWDLQ3HQ)DFWRU\LVORFDWHGRQ.ZDQJERN6WUHHW 7KH\VWDUWHGRSHUDWLQJLQDQGQRZKDYHDVL]HRIPð ,3$ 7KH 5\XZRQ)RRWZHDU)DFWRU\SURGXFHVVSRUWVVKRHV .27&  7KHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKH3\RQJ\DQJ:KHDW)ORXU3URFHVVLQJ)DFWRU\LQ6DPKǎQJGRQJ EHJDQLQ,WKDVDWRWDODUHDRIPð ,3$ 7KH3\RQJ\DQJ 5LFH0LOOVWDUWHGLWVSURGXFWLRQLQDQGKDVDWRWDODUHDRIPð ,3$  7KH.ZDQJERN6WUHHW.LPFKL)DFWRU\ZDVEXLOWLQDQGZHQWLQWRRSHUDWLRQLQ 7KHWRWDODUHDLVPð ,3$ 

6WDWLVWLFV0DQJ\RQJGDHNX\RN  GRQJUL :HVW

'RQJ)RUPDWLRQ'RQJ6SOLWWLQJ   XS   

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

   Figure Pyongyang-XXXIV. Dong and ri in Mangyongdae-kuyok

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV IV.2.12. 5. City suburbs east of the Taedong-gang

Sadong-kuyok - concentration of the population in the north of the kuyok

7KHSRSXODWLRQRIWKHNX\RNLVFRQFHQWUDWHGRQWKH0LULPSODLQLQWKH1RUWK 7KH7DHGRQJJDQJ%HHU)DFWRU\XVHVWKHIDFLOLWLHVRID%ULWLVKEUHZHU\ZKLFK ZDVFORVHGLQ6LQFHWKH\SURGXFHLQ3\RQJ\DQJZKHUH*HUPDQEUHZLQJ WHFKQRORJ\LVDOVRXVHG 7KH7DHGRQJJDQJ796HW)DFWRU\LQ6DPJROGRQJLVWKH¿UVWDQGODUJHVW79IDFWRU\ RIWKH'35.RUHD,WZDVEXLOWLQWKHEHJLQQLQJRIZLWK5RPDQLDQKHOSDQGRSHUDWLRQ VWDUWHGLQ7KHWRWDODUHDDPRXQWVWRPð,Q79VIRUWKH6RXWK.RUHDQ /**URXSZHUHDVVHPEOHGKHUH ,3$.2)& 7KH0LULP &RQFUHWH%ORFN)DFWRU\LVORFDWHGQHDUWKH0LULP%DUUDJH,WZDVEXLOWLQWKHHDUO\V DQGFRQWULEXWHGWRWKHUHEXLOGLQJRIWKHFLW\DIWHUWKH.RUHDQ:DU/DWHULWSURYLGHGD JUHDWVHUYLFHLQWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIUHVLGHQWLDOVWUHHWVDQGWKHUHVLGHQWLDOGLVWULFWV0D[LPD 0XQVX.ZDQJERN5DNZǂQDQG7KRQJLO ,3$  ,QWKH6DGRQJ*HQHUDO)RRGVWXII)DFWRU\NLPFKLSDVWULHVDQGIUXLWGULQNVDUH PDQXIDFWXUHG7KHGLVWULFWKDVDORQJWUDGLWLRQRISURGXFLQJIXULQ6RQJKZDGRQJ7KH PDQXIDFWXUHGJRRGVDUHDOVRH[SRUWHGWR(XURSH ,3$  $VSHFLDOL]HGDJULFXOWXUHFRPSDQ\LQWKH6DGRQJNX\RNLVWKH3\RQJ\DQJ3LJ)DUP

6WDWLVWLFV6DGRQJNX\RN GRQJUL 'RQJ)RUPDWLRQ'RQJ6SOLWWLQJ            

  

  

  

       Figure Pyongyang-XXXV. Dong and ri in    the Sadong-kuyok

Ryokpho-kuyok - agricultural kuyok in the south of Pyongyang

5HVLGHQWLDODUHDVRIWKLVNX\RNDUHIRXQGLQWKH1RUWKDQGLQWKHFHQWHU 7KH,3$PHQWLRQVDQXPEHURIFRPSDQLHVRIDJULFXOWXUHWKDWDUHORFDWHGKHUHEXWRQO\ RQHIDFWRU\WKH6DHQDO(OHFWURQLF$SSOLFDWLRQV)DFWRU\ZKLFKZDVEXLOWLQ.2)&

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD  VWDWHVWKDWWKH3\RQJ\DQJ %XLOGLQJ0DWHULDOV)DFWRUFRQVWUXFWLRQ VWDUWHGLQDQGZDVFRPSOHWHGLQ ,WSURGXFHVWLOHVDQLWDU\FHUDPLFV DUWL¿FLDOPDUEOHHWF ,QWKH5\RNSKR5DQFKZKLFKZDV HVWDEOLVKHGLQSRUNDQGPLONDUH SURGXFHG,QWKH3\RQJ\DQJ)UXLW)DUP ZKLFKZDVEXLOWLQDSSOHVSHDUV

Figure Pyongyang-XXXVI. Dong and ri in the SHDFKHVDQGJUDSHVDUHPDLQO\FXOWLYDWHG Ryokpho-kuyok 7KH6HSWHPEHUWK&KLFNHQ)DUPZDV EXLOWLQ ,3$  :LWKLQWKHGLVWULFWQXPHURXVKLVWRULFDOWRPEVDUHVLWXDWHGVXFKDVWKRVHIRU.LQJ7RQJP\ǂQJ LQ5\RQJVDQUL

6WDWLVWLFV5\RNSKRNX\RN GRQJUL 'RQJ)RUPDWLRQ'RQJ6SOLWWLQJ      

  

%HWZHHQDQGWKHVKDUHRIXUEDQSRSXODWLRQLQ5\RNSKRNX\RNJUHZE\ WR

Rakrang-kuyok - Kuyok with the latest high rise residential block neighborhood

7KHSRSXODWLRQLVFRQFHQWUDWHGLQWKHQRUWKRIWKHGLVWULFWZKHUHLQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKH VXQWLOWHQVRIWKRXVDQGVRIDSDUWPHQWVLQWKH7KRQJLOUHVLGHQWLDOGLVWULFWZHUH FRPSOHWHG,QWKHVRXWKRIWKHGLVWULFWWKH3\RQJ\DQJSODLQLVORFDWHGZKLFKVWUHWFKHV DFURVV.DQJQDP&RXQW\DQGLVDQLPSRUWDQWULFHJURZLQJUHJLRQIRUVXSSO\LQJWKH SRSXODWLRQRIWKHFDSLWDO$VSHFLDOL]HGFRPSDQ\LQWKHGLVWULFWLVWKH7XGDQ'XFN)DUP,Q WKHGLVWULFWQXPHURXVKLVWRULFDOWRPEVLQSDUWLFXODUIURPWKH.RJXU\RSHULRGDUHVLWXDWHG $PDMRUVLJKWRIWKHGLVWULFWLVWKH0RQXPHQWRI5HXQL¿FDWLRQ3\RQJ\DQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI 6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\ 3867 ZKLFKZDVRSHQHGLQLVORFDWHGLQWKH5DNUDQJ NX\RNZKLFKLVWKH¿UVWSULYDWHO\¿QDQFHGHGXFDWLRQDOLQVWLWXWLRQRIWKH'35.RUHD



1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV Figure Pyongyang-XXXVII. Rakrang-kuyok Figure Pyongyang-XXXVIII. Monument to the (2012) Three-Point Charter for National Reunification (2012)

7KH(DVW3\RQJ\DQJ3RZHU6WDWLRQLQ5DNUDQJGRQJZDVEXLOWZLWKWKHKHOSRIWKH 6RYLHW8QLRQEHWZHHQDQGLQRUGHUWRSURYLGHHOHFWULFLW\DQGKHDWVXSSO\IRU WKH5DNZǂQUHVLGHQWLDODUHDWKDWZDVVWLOOXQGHUFRQVWUXFWLRQDWWKDWWLPH,QH[WHQVLRQVRI WKHSRZHUSODQWZHUHPDGHZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRI23(& .2)&  ,Q5DNUDQJNX\RNDUHQXPHURXVIDFWRULHVWKDWSURGXFHEXLOGLQJPDWHULDOV7KH 3\RQJ\DQJ0HWDOEXLOGLQJPDWHULDOVIDFWRU\LVORFDWHGLQWKH-ǂQJRGRQJUHJLRQDWWKH HDVWHUQHGJHRIWKHGLVWULFW+HUHDPRQJRWKHUWKLQJVEDWKWXEVKDQGOHVKHDWHUVDUH SURGXFHG,QWKHVWKHEXVLQHVVZDVH[SDQGHG ,3$ ,QV3\RQJ\DQJ $XJXVWWK6WUXFWXUDO(OHPHQWV)DFWRU\ZKLFKZDVEXLOWLQDQGVWDUWHGLWVRSHUDWLRQ LQRQDWRWDODUHDRIPðGRRUDQGZLQGRZIUDPHVDQGHOHFWULFDOHTXLSPHQW DUHPDQXIDFWXUHG ,3$ 7KH3\RQJ\DQJ&KHPLFDO%XLOGLQJ0DWHULDOV )DFWRU\PDQXIDFWXUHVZDWHUSURRISDSHU¿EHUWXEHVURR¿QJWLOHVDQGDQWLVHSWLFOLTXLGV ,WZDVIRXQGHGLQDVWKH3\RQJ\DQJ&HUDPLF)DFWRU\DQGSURGXFHGEXLOGLQJEORFNV DQGEULFNVDPRQJVWRWKHUWKLQJV,QWKHHDUO\VWKHSURGXFWLRQFKDQJHGWRFKHPLFDO EXLOGLQJPDWHULDOV7KHIDFWRU\SURFHVVHVDVEHVWRVIURPWKH6ǎQJUL&KHPLFDO)DFWRU\ 5DVRQ GRORPLWHIURP.LPFKDHNDQG3K\RQJVRQJDQGZKLWHFHPHQWIURPWKH6ǎQJKRUL &HPHQW)DFWRU\ 6XQJKRNXQ+ZDQJEXN3URYLQFH  ,3$ 

7KH5DN\ǂQ-RLQW&RUSRUDWLRQPDQXIDFWXUHVSRO\VW\UHQH (36 ZKLFKLVXVHG IRUSDFNLQJIUDJLOHJRRGVRUDVWKHUPDOLQVXODWLRQSODWHV ,3$ $OVRFDOP ZRUPVDQGLQHGLEOHVKHOOILVKDVEDLWDUHPDGHKHUH .&1$1RYHPEHU  7KH5DNUDQJ3DSHU)DFWRU\ZDVIRXQGHGLQ$IWHUVHYHUDOH[SDQVLRQVLWKDVDWRWDO DUHDRIPð7KH0HDUL6RXQG(TXLSPHQW&RPSDQ\LVORFDWHGRQ7KRQJLO6WUHHW,W LVWKHEHVWNQRZQPDQXIDFWXUHURIDXGLRHTXLSPHQWVXFKDVPLFURSKRQHVDPSOL¿HUVHWFLQ WKH'35.RUHD7KHFRPSDQ\ZDVIRXQGHGLQDQGUHRUJDQL]HGLQ7KH$HJXN

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD 3UHYHQWLYH0HGLFLQH)DFWRU\ZDVIRXQGHGLQ7KHWRWDODUHDDPRXQWVWRPð 7KH3\RQJ\DQJ/HDWKHU)DFWRU\LVORFDWHGLQWKHUHJLRQ-ǂQJRGRQJDQGKDVDWRWDODUHDRI Pð7KLVFRPSDQ\ZKRVHFRQVWUXFWLRQVWDUWHGLQZHQWLQWRRSHUDWLRQLQ DQGSURGXFHVOHDWKHUZKLFKLVXVHGIRUIXUWKHUSURFHVVLQJLQWHUDOLDLQIRRWZHDUIDFWRULHV ,3$ 

Figure Pyongyang-XXXIX. Dong and ri in the Rakrang- kuyok

6WDWLVWLFV5DNUDQJNX\RN GRQJUL 'RQJ)RUPDWLRQ'RQJ6SOLWWLQJ

  URGRQJMDJX

              

  

  

  

,QWKHVDQGVVHYHUDOULKDYHEHHQFRQYHUWHGLQWRGRQJLQWKHVDQG VH[LVWLQJGRQJZHUHVSOLWDQGWKHUHE\QHZGRQJFDPHLQWREHLQJ %HWZHHQDQGWKHVKDUHRIXUEDQSRSXODWLRQLQ5DNUDQJNX\RNJUHZE\ WR

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV Kangdong-kun - Location of significant coal mines

([FHSWIRUWKHZHVWWKHWHUUDLQRIWKHGLVWULFWLVPRXQWDLQRXV0RVWURGRQJMDJXIRFXVRQ WKHZHVWHUQKDOIRIWKHNXQZKHUHWKH.DQJGRQJ$UHD&RDO0LQLQJ&RPSOH[LVORFDWHG 2QO\WKH1DPJDQJURGRQJMDJXLVORFDWHGLQWKHH[WUHPH6RXWKHDVW7KHPRVWVLJQL¿FDQW VLJKWRIWKHNXQLVWKHDOOHJHG7RPERI.LQJ7DQ¶JXQ

,PSRUWDQWFRPSDQLHVLQWKHNXQDUHWKH.DQJGRQJ$UHD&RDO0LQLQJ&RPSOH[DPRQJ RWKHUVRIZKLFKDUHWKH+ǎNU\ǂQJ&RDO0LQHWKH7ǂNVDQ&RDO0LQHDQGWKH.DQJGRQJ &RDO0LQH 2IIXUWKHULPSRUWDQFHDUHWKHK\GURHOHFWULFSRZHUVWDWLRQVRIWKHNXQVXFKDVWKH 1DPJDQJ3RZHU3ODQWWKDWZDVEXLOWEHWZHHQDQGLQWKH6RXWKRIWKHNXQ ZKLFKGDPVXSWKHZDWHURIWKH1DPJDQJDWULEXWDU\RIWKH7DHGRQJJDQJDQGWKH0LULP )ORRGJDWH3RZHU3ODQW

,Q.XELQULDQDJULFXOWXUDOIDUPLVORFDWHGVSHFLDOL]LQJLQWKHEUHHGLQJRIJRDWV

,Q.DQGRQJXSDUHDFRXSOHRIIDFWRULHVWKDWPDQXIDFWXUHPDFKLQHVIRRGHVVHQWLDO JRRGVFORWKLQJDQGEXLOGLQJPDWHULDOV,Q.RELURGRQJMDJXDUHVHYHUDOIDFWRULHVWKDW SURGXFHEXLOGLQJPDWHULDOVFKHPLFDOJRRGVDQGEULFNV 0DMRUFRDO¿UHGSRZHUSODQWVDUHWKH+ǎNU\ǂQJ&RDO0LQH +ǎNU\ǂQJURGRQJMDJX  .REL&RDO0LQH.DQGRQJ&RDO0LQH .RELURGRQJMDJX 7DHUL&RDO0LQH 7DHUL URGRQJMDJX 6RQJJD&RDO0LQH7RNVDQ&RDO0LQH-DQJULP&RDO0LQH3K\RQJVDQ&RDO 0LQH 6RQJJDURGRQJMDJX +DUL&RDO0LQH +DULURGRQJMDJX DQG6DPGǎQJ&RDO0LQH 6DPGǎQJUL 

.DQJGRQJNXQLVFRPSRVHGRIRQHXS QLQHURGRQJMDJXDQGUL

6WDWLVWLFV.DQJGRQJNXQ   XS+ǎJU\ǂQJURGRQJMDJX   +DULURGRQJMDJX   .RELURGRQJMDJX6RQJJD URGRQJMDJX7DHULURGRQJMDJX   1DPJDQJURGRQJMDJX   +DULURGRQJMDJXZDVVSOLW DQGFRQVHTXHQWLDOO\6DQJUL URGRQJMDJXZDVIRUPHG Figure Pyongyang-XL. Up, rodongjagu and ri +ǎJU\ǂQJURGRQJMDJXZDV in Kangdong-kun

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD VSOLWDQGWKXV6RNFKXURGRQJMDJXZDVIRUPHG 6RQJJDURGRQJMDJXZDVVSOLWDQG5\ǂQJQDPURGRQJMDJXZDVIRUPHG

Kangnam-kun - rice producer for the capital’s population

7KLVFRXQW\OLHVLQWKHVRXWKRIWKH3\RQJ\DQJ SODLQDQGLVDPDMRUULFHSURGXFHU(YHQILVK DUHFDXJKWDQGFXOWLYDWHGLQ.DQJQDP&RXQW\ ,Q5\RQSKRULRQWKH7DHGRQJJDQJLVD¿VKLQJ FRRSHUDWLYHZKLOHLQ0DMRQJULDQG6LQǎQJ ULILVKEUHHGLQJIDUPVZHUHHVWDEOLVKHG,Q .DQJQDPXSZLFKKDVEHHQIRXQGHGLQ VHYHUDOIDFWRULHVDUHORFDWHGWKDWPDQXIDFWXUH FORWKLQJDJULFXOWXUDOHTXLSPHQWIRRGDQG PHGLFLQH,Q.RǎSULDFHPHQWIDFWRU\FDQEH IRXQGWKDWPDQXIDFWXUHVYHKLFOHDFFHVVRULHVLQ Figure Pyongyang-XLI. Up and ri in the 5\RQJJRNUL Kangnam-kun

.DQJQDPNXQLVFRPSRVHGRIRQHXSDQGUL

IV.2.12. 6. Summary: Administrative changes in the kuyok and kun of Pyongyang

%HWZHHQDQGQHZGRQJHPHUJHGLQ3\RQJ\DQJ0RUHWKDQKDOIRIWKHQHZ GRQJLQWKHLQQHUFLW\DUHDDQGDERXWRIWKHQHZGRQJLQWKHRXWVNLUWVDUHDVHPHUJHG LQWKHV,QWKHVWKHQXPEHURIQHZGRQJLQWKHLQQHUFLW\DUHDZDVKLJKHUWKDQ LQWKHRXWVNLUWVLQWKHVLWLVYLFHYHUVD

Table Pyongyang-XII. New dong in the regions of Pyongyang

Inner City (West) Inner City (East) Outskirts (West) Outskirts (East) 1950s 4 (8.9%) - 3 (4.8%) 3 (6.5%) 10 (5.3%) 1960s 27 (60%) 18 (48.6%) 22 (35.5%) 16 (34.8%) 83 (43.7%) 1970s 11 (24.4%) 9 (24.3%) 11 (17.7%) 4 (8.7%) 35 (18.4%) 1980s 3 (6.7%) 9 (24.3%) 6 (9.7%) 4 (8.7%) 22 (11.6%) 1990s - 1 (2.7%) 20 (32.3%) 19 (41.3%) 40 (21.1%) 45 37 62 46 190

1RUWK.RUHD¶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

Table Pyongyang-XIII. Vanished dong

Jung Moranbong Pothonggang Taesong Rakrang 1959 1 1 1960 2 2 1972 2 1 3 1979 1 1 2 1981 3 3 1983 1 1 1 3 1986 1 1 2 1991 1 1 7 4 3 2 1 17

0HUJHUVRIGRQJFDQEHLQWHUSUHWHGDVDQLQGLFDWLRQWKDWLQWKLVUHJLRQUHVLGHQWLDO DUHDVKDYHGLVDSSHDUHGLQIDYRURIDUHDVIRURWKHUXVH7KLVLVLGHQWL¿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U)UHPGVSUDFKLJH /LWHUDWXU  ,QWKHFLW\VXEXUEVZHVWRIWKH7DHGRQJJDQJDOPRVWDVPDQ\GRQJHPHUJHGLQ WKHVDVLQWKHV(OHYHQRIWKHQHZGRQJZHUHHVWDEOLVKHGLQWKHVLQ

,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD 0DQJ\RQJGDHNX\RNZKHUHWKH.ZDQJERNUHVLGHQWLDODUHDZDVFRPSOHWHGZLWKPRUHWKDQ DSDUWPHQWVLQ 9HUODJIU)UHPGVSUDFKLJH/LWHUDWXU )RXUQHZGRQJ HPHUJHGLQLQWKHFHQWUDODQGQRUWKHUQSDUWRIWKH+\RQJMHVDQNX\RNWKUHHRIWKHP GXHWRWKHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQRIULWRGRQJZKHUHE\WKHSURSRUWLRQRIWKHXUEDQSRSXODWLRQLQ WKLVNX\RNJUHZEHWZHHQDQGE\ ,QWKHFLW\VXEXUEVHDVWRIWKH7DHGRQJJDQJWKHWRWDOQXPEHURIHPHUJHGGRQJLQWKH VVXUSDVVHVWKHQXPEHURIHPHUJHGGRQJLQWKHV7KLVLVGXHWRWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQW RIWKH7KRQJLOUHVLGHQWLDODUHDLQ5DNUDQJNX\RNZKLFKZDVFRPSOHWHGLQDQG LQFOXGHVWHQVRIWKRXVDQGVRIDSDUWPHQWV 9HUODJIU)UHPGVSUDFKLJH/LWHUDWXU  7KH5DNUDQJNX\RNLVDOVRWKHNX\RNZLWKWKHKLJKHVWLQFUHDVHLQWKHSURSRUWLRQRIXUEDQ SRSXODWLRQDPRQJWKHNX\RNRI3\RQJ\DQJEHWZHHQDQG SOXV 

1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV