Rainer Dormels (2014) Profiles of the cities of DPR Korea – Pyongyang This work was supported by the Academy of Korean Studies (KSPS) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOE) (AKS-2011-BAA-2105) Find an introduction to the project at http://www.univie.ac.at/koreanologie/index.php?id=digital-north-korea0 This work has been published as a chapter in: Rainer Dormels (2014): North Korea's Cities. Jimoondang. Seoul. IV.2.12. Pyongyang IV.2.12. 1. Overview The historical center in the northwest of Korea 3\RQJ\DQJLVWKHFDSLWDORIWKH'HPRFUDWLF3HRSOH¶V5HSXEOLFRI.RUHDDQGGRPLQDWHV WKHQRUWKZHVWHUQSDUWRI.RUHDVLQFHWKHSDVW$VFDSLWDORIHPSLUHVVXFKDVWKH.RJXU\R (PSLUHDVZHOODVVHFRQGDU\FDSLWDODQGDVDSURYLQFLDOFDSLWDO3\RQJ\DQJKDVDORQJ WUDGLWLRQDVDQDGPLQLVWUDWLYHFHQWHU ,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD Table Pyongyang-I. Basic data Population 2,999,466 (Rank 1) Area 1,907 km² (Rank 2) Population density 1,617 I./km² (Rank 4) Administrative units 287 dong/75 ri (79%) (Rank 7) “Urban” population / “rural” population 90.1%/9.9% (Rank 7) 3\RQJ\DQJDURVHDW³DSODFHZKHUHULYHUDQGKLOOVRIIHUHGSURWHFWLRQ´ 0F&XQH 7KHIDFWWKDWWKH7DHGRQJJDQJZKHUHWKHFLW\HPHUJHGZDVQDYLJDEOHXS WR3\RQJ\DQJDQGRIIHUHGWKHSRVVLELOLW\WRFURVVWKHULYHUDGGHGWRWKHJHRJUDSKLFDO IDYRUDEOHORFDWLRQ 'HJH %HIRUHUHORFDWLQJWKHFDSLWDORI.RJXU\RLQWKH\HDUWRZKHUHWKHSUHVHQWGD\ FHQWHURI3\RQJ\DQJLVWKHVHDWRIJRYHUQPHQWZDVHVWDEOLVKHGDWWZRGLIIHUHQWSODFHV FORVHE\LQWKHWKLUGFHQWXU\RQFHQRUWKHDVWRIWKHPRGHUQGD\3\RQJ\DQJZKHUHDZDOOHG WRZQZDVEXLOWDQG¿QDOO\ZKHQWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKH$QKDNSDODFHRQWKHIRRWRIWKH 7DHVǂQJVDQLQWKH\HDUOHGWRWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHUHORFDWLRQRIWKHFDSLWDO7KH UHORFDWLRQIURP.XNQDHVǂQJWR3\RQJ\DQJHYHQWXDOO\WRRNSODFHLQWKH\HDU7KH UHDVRQZK\WKHFDSLWDOZDVPRYHGWRWKHSUHVHQWGD\ORFDWLRQZDVEHFDXVHRILWVVHFXUH ORFDWLRQ$V\VWHPRIFLW\ZDOOVZDVEXLOWWKDWXWLOL]HGWKHQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQWHVSHFLDOO\ WKHKLOOVVXFKDVWKH0RUDQERQJ 'HJH Figure Pyongyang-I. Kuyok and kun47 3\RQJ\DQJFRQVLVWVRINX\RNDQGWZRNXQ .DQJQDPDQG.DQJGRQJ 1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV 3\RQJ\DQJOLHVLQWKHPLGGOHRIWKH7DHGRQJJDQJEDVLQZKLFKLVFRPSULVHGRIDSODLQLQ WKH:HVWDQGRIORZKLOOVLQWKHHDVWHUQSDUW3\RQJ\DQJLVORFDWHGLQDUHJLRQZKHUHZHWULFH FXOWLYDWLRQSOD\VDQLPSRUWDQWUROH)XUWKHUPRUHQXPHURXVFXOWLYDEOHDUHDVIRUYHJHWDEOHV VSHFLDOL]HGIUXLWIDUPVDQGELJDQLPDOKXVEDQGU\IDUPVDUHORFDWHGLQWKHPXQLFLSDODUHD Table Pyongyang-II. Climate values Annual average January temperature August temperature Precipitation 10.2°C (8) -5.9°C (13) 24.2°C (4) 939.8 mm (14) Largest industrial city of the DPRK ,QSUHPRGHUQWLPHV3\RQJ\DQJZDVIDPRXVIRULWVFUDIWVPDQVKLS8SXQWLOWKHPRGHUQ SHULRGWKHUHZDVDPXOWLWXGHRIVHULFXOWXUHLQWKHFLW\DQGDELJVFDOHFRWWRQSURGXFWLRQ )URP-DSDQVWDUWHGWRPLQHFRDOLQWKHHDVWSDUWRIWKHFLW\/LJKWLQGXVWU\FRPSDQLHV VXFKDVVRFNIDFWRULHVEUHZHULHVDQGPLOOVZHUHDOVREXLOWGXULQJWKH-DSDQHVHFRORQLDOHUD 1RZDGD\V3\RQJ\DQJLVWKHODUJHVWLQGXVWULDOFLW\RI'35.ZLWKDIRFXVRQVSHFLDOL]HG PHFKDQLFDOHQJLQHHULQJ WUDQVSRUWSUHFLVLRQLQVWUXPHQWVHWF %XWPRVWQRWDEO\ZDVWKH FRQVWUXFWLRQRIDFRQVXPSWLRQRULHQWHGOLJKWLQGXVWU\ Table Pyongyang-III. Ranking (in parenthesis: number of industrial companies or cultural institutions) Pyongyang KOFC MOU IPA KCNA KIET Summary Ranks 1 (118) 1 (238) 1 (139) 1 (177) 1 (283) 1 Major 1 (22) 1 (16) 1 (89) 1 (136) 1 (88) Culture 1 (223) Table Pyongyang-IV. Ranking (Total number of companies in relation to population) Pyongyang KOFC MOU IPA KCNA KIET Summary Rank 20 13 14-9-1 5 21-13 14-9 Table Pyongyang-V. Specification (in parenthesis: number of industrial companies) Pyongyang Light Industry Heavy Industry Mining Energy KOFC 8 (35) 16 (70) 10 (7) 14 (6) MOU 5 (175) 20 (51) 13 (8) 9 (4) IPA 12 (72) 20 (42) 6 (18) 9 (7) KCNA 7 (111) 15 (52) 7 (3) 15 (11) KIET 8 (133) 19 (130) 14 (14) 12 (6) ,93UR¿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¶V&ORWKLQJ)DFWRU\ 3\RQJ\DQJ&KDQJJZDQJ&ORWKLQJ)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ%HHU)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ9HJHWDEOH 3URFHVVLQJ)DFWRU\>-XQJ@2FWREHUWK$XWRPDWLRQ,QVWUXPHQW)DFWRU\7DHGRQJJDQJ %DWWHU\)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ)RRG3DFNLQJ0DWHULDOV)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ&KLOGUHQ¶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Ä&KRL-RQJ5DN´3\RQJ\DQJ&RDO0LQLQJ0DFKLQH3ODQW >7DHGRQJJDQJ@.\ǂQJU\ǂQ$HJXN&DUERQDWHG'ULQN)DFWRU\7RQJGDHZRQ*DUPHQW )DFWRU\0RUDQERQJ-RLQW9HQWXUH&RPSDQ\3\RQJ\DQJ)RRWZDUH)DFWRU\(DVW3\RQJ\DQJ 6TXDUH6WHHO)DFWRU\>7RQJGDHZRQ@3\RQJ\DQJ6WHHO:RUNV3\RQJ\DQJ5XEEHU)DFWRU\ 3\RQJ\DQJ&RUQVWDUFK)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ(VVHQWLDO)RRGVWXII)DFWRU\.LP-RQJ6XN 3\RQJ\DQJ7H[WLOH0LOO3\RQJ\DQJ7H[WLOH0DFKLQH)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ6RQJ\R.QLWWHG 7KHQDPHVSODFHGLQWKHVTXDUHEUDFNHWVDUHNX\RNRUNXQLQZKLFKWKHFRPSDQLHVUHVLGH7KHQXPEHUDIWHUWKH QDPHVKRZVWKHQXPEHURIFRPSDQLHVRIWKHUHOHYDQWNX\RNRUUHVSHFWLYHO\NXQ 1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV *RRGV)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ(OHYDWRU)DFWRU\3\RQ\DQJ(VVHQWLDO*RRGV)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ 3KDUPDFHXWLFDO)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ*HQHUDO/LJKWLQJ$SSOLDQFHV)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ'DLO\ 1HFHVVLWLHV)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ6KRH0RXOG)DFWRU\(DVW3\RQJ\DQJ0DFKLQH)DFWRU\ 3\RQJ\DQJ%XOE)DFWRU\>6RQJ\R@7DHKXQJ8QMRQJ:RRG3URFHVVLQJ)DFWRU\>8QMRQJ@ 0DUDP$VVRUWHG)HHG)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ3UHFLVLRQ0DFKLQH)DFWRU\ 0DUFKWK)DFWRU\ 6HSWHPEHUWK)DFWRU\ 5\RQJVǂQJ%HDULQJ)DFWRU\ 5\RQJVRQJ0HDW3URFHVVLQJ)DFWRU\ >5\RQJVRQJ@6ǂSKR5DLOZD\0DFKLQH)DFWRU\>+\RQJMHVDQ@0DQJ\RQJGDH0DFKLQH 7RRO)DFWRU\0DQJ¶J\RQJGDH5RHQWJHQ)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ)LOP)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ:KHDW )ORXU3URFHVVLQJ)DFWRU\0DQ¶J\RQJGDH$HJXN$OXPLQLXP6DVK)DFWRU\0DQ¶J\RQJGDH 'LVDEOHG6ROGLHUV¶)RXQWDLQ3HQ)DFWRU\5\XZRQ)RRWZHDU)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ5LFH 0LOO>0DQ¶J\RQJGDH@7DHGRQJJDQJ796HW)DFWRU\7DHGRQJJDQJ%HHU)DFWRU\0LULP &RQFUHWH%ORFN)DFWRU\>6DGRQJ@6DHQDO(OHFWURQLF$SSOLFDWLRQV)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ %XLOGLQJPDWHULDOV)DFWRU\>5\RNSKR@(DVW3\RQJ\DQJ3RZHU6WDWLRQ3\RQJ\DQJ0HWDO %XLOGLQJPDWHULDOV)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ&KHPLFDO%XLOGLQJPDWHULDOV)DFWRU\-XO\WK &HUDPLF)DFWRU\5DNUDQJ3DSHU)DFWRU\$HJXN3UHYHQWLYH0HGLFLQH)DFWRU\3\RQJ\DQJ Table Pyongyang-VI. Population and important companies in the kuyok and kun of Pyongyang IPA Important companies Quotient population (%)/ Population important III.7.3. companies; IPA-important Jung (Central) 131,333 (4.4%) 4 (4.4%) 5 (5.7%) 1-1.3 Phyongchon 181,142 (6%) 12 (13.3%) 16 (18.2%) 2.2-3 Moranbong 143,404 (4.8%) 3 (3.3%) 1 (1.1%) 0.7-0.2 Pothonggang 105,180 (3.5%) 3 (3.3%) 4 (4.5%) 0.9-1.4 Sosong 147,138 (4.9%) 3 (3.3%) 5 (5.7%) 0.7-1.2 Taesong 115,739 (3.9%) 9 (10%) 2 (2.3%) 2.6-0.6 Taedonggang 207,081 (6.9%) 3 (3.3%) 2 (2.3%) 0.5-0.3 Tongdaewon 143,561(4.8%) 5 (5.6%) 5 (5.7%) 1.2-1.2 Sonkyo 148,209 (4.9%) 12 (13.3%) 15 (17%) 2.7-3.5 Samsok 62,790 (2.1%) 1 (1.1%) 0 0.5-0 Unjong 47,569 (1.6%) 1 (1.1%) 1 (1.1%) 0.7-0.7 Ryongsong 195,891 (6.5%) 3 (3.3%) 4 (4.5%) 0.5-0.7 Sunan 91,791 (3.1%) 0 0 0-0 Hyongjesan 160,032 (5.3%) 2 (2.2%) 1 (1.1%) 0.4-0.2 Mangyongdae 321,690 (10.7%) 8 (8.9%) 8 (9.1%) 0.8-0.9 Sadong 140,869 (4.7%) 6 (6.7%) 3 (3.4%) 1.4-0.7 Ryokpho 82,548 (2.8%) 1 (1.1%) 2 (2.3%) 0.4-0.8 Rakrang 282,681 (9.4%) 10 (11.1%) 8 (9.1%) 1.2-1 Kangdong 221,539 (7.4%) 3 (3.3%) 6 (6.8%) 0.4-0.9 Kangnam 69,279 (2.3%) 1 (1.1%) 0 0.5-0 2,999,466 90 88 ,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD /HDWKHU)DFWRU\5DNUDQJ'LVDEOHG6ROGLHUV¶(VVHQWLDO3ODVWLF*RRGV)DFWRU\>5DNUDQJ @.DQJGRQJ$UHD&RDO0LQLQJ&RPSOH[+ǎNU\ǂQJ&RDO0LQH1DPJDQJ3RZHU3ODQW 7ǂNVDQ&RDO0LQH.DQJGRQJ&RDO0LQH0LULP)ORRGJDWH3RZHU3ODQW>.DQJGRQJ@ Figure Pyongyang-II. Share of important companies according to III.7.3 7KHNX\RNZLWKWKHPRVWLQGXVWULDOFRPSDQLHVLQ3\RQJ\DQJDUH3K\RQJFKRQDQG 6RQN\RLQWKHVRXWKHUQSDUWRIWKHFLW\FHQWHUZKLFKDUHIROORZHGE\0DQJ\RQJGDHDQG 5DNUDQJWKDWDUHORFDWHGLQWKH6RXWKZHVW$PRQJWKHQLQHFRPSDQLHVWKDWDUHPHQWLRQHG LQ,3$DQGDUHORFDWHGLQWKH7DHVRQJNX\RNIRXUDUHVPDOOSRZHUSODQWV 7KHPRVWSRSXORXVNX\RNDUH0DQJ\RQJGDHDQG5DNUDQJZKHUHQHZKLJKULVH UHVLGHQWLDOEORFNVZHUHEXLOW Figure Pyongyang-III. Share of population 1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV Figure Pyongyang-IV. Percentage of “urban” population Table Pyongyang-VII. Ratio of urbanized administrative units to rural units as well as the ratio of “urban” to “rural” population (Sources