Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the Supreme Court of Florida ______
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No. ______ IN THE Supreme Court of the United States ___________________________________________________________ BOBBY JOE LONG, Petitioner, v. MARK S. INCH, SECRETARY FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS Respondent. ____________________________________________________________ On Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the Supreme Court of Florida ______________________________________________________________ PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI – DENIAL OF STATE PETITION FOR WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS ______________________________________________________________ THIS IS A CAPITAL CASE WITH AN EXECUTION SCHEDULED FOR THURSDAY, MAY 23, 2019, AT 6:00 P.M. ROBERT A. NORGARD For the Firm Norgard, Norgard & Chastang P.O. Box 811 Bartow, FL 33813 863-533-8556 Fax: 863-533-1334 [email protected] Fla. Bar. No. 322059 Counsel of Record CAPITAL CASE QUESTIONS PRESENTED 1. Whether an individual who suffers from severe mental illness is exempt from execution under the Eighth Amendment and the evolving standards of decency? 2. Whether the Fifth Amendment Double Jeopardy Clause prohibits the imposition of the death penalty on a prisoner who has already served the statutorily prescribed alternative of a life sentence for the same first-degree murder conviction? i TABLE OF CONTENTS Questions Presented ....................................................................................................... i Table of Contents ........................................................................................................... ii Table of Authorities ...................................................................................................... iv Parties to the Proceeding ........................................................................................... viii Decision Below ............................................................................................................... 1 Jurisdiction .................................................................................................................... 1 Constitutional Provisions Involved ............................................................................... 1 Statement of the Case ................................................................................................... 1 I. Prior Proceedings ..................................................................................... 6 II. Current Proceedings ................................................................................. 7 Reasons for Granting the Writ ...................................................................................... 8 I. This Court Should Exercise Jurisdiction ................................................ 8 II. This Court Should Consider Whether the Execution of Persons with Severe Mental Illness is Consistent with the Evolving Standards of Decency and in Violation of the Eighth Amendment Protection against Cruel and Unusual Punishment ............................................................ 12 III. This Court Should Review Whether the Execution of Petitioner’s Death Sentence after Full Completion of a Statutorily Defined Life Sentence, the Alternative Punishment for First-Degree Murder Allowed by Florida Statute, Violates the Fifth Amendment’s Prohibition against Double Jeopardy and Punishment Beyond that Authorized by the Legislature .............................................................................................. 20 A. The Fifth Amendment’s Double Jeopardy Clause Prohibits Multiple Punishments for One Offense where not Authorized by Statute .......................................................................................... 22 B. Florida’s Criminal Code Mandates the Alternative Sentences of Life and Death for First-Degree Murder, So that Petitioner’s Completion of a Life Sentence and Execution Would Exceed Statutory Authority and Contradict Legislative Intent ............ 29 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 32 ii INDEX TO APPENDIX Exhibit 1 — Florida Supreme Court Opinion Below (May 10, 2019) .......................... 1 Exhibit 2 — Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus .......................................................... 2 iii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Cases: Albernaz v. United States, 450 U.S. 333 (1981) ...................................................... 26 Anderson v. State, 18 So. 3d 301 (Fla. 2009) ...................................................... 7, 11 Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002) .......................................................... passim Bailey v. Jones, 225 So. 3d 776 (Fla. 2017) ............................................................. 10 Barnhill v. State, 971 So. 2d 106 (Fla. 2007) .......................................................... 11 Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784 (1969) ............................................................... 20 Blake v. State, 180 So. 3d 89 (Fla. 2014) ................................................................... 8 Bottoson v. Moore, 833 So. 2d 693 (Fla. 2002) ........................................................ 10 Branch v. State, 236 So. 3d 981 (Fla. 2018) .............................................................. 7 Breedlove v. Singletary, 595 So. 2d 8 (Fla. 1992) ..................................................... 8 Breedlove v. Crosby, 916 So. 2d 726 (Fla. 2005) ....................................................... 9 Brown v. Ohio, 432 U.S. 161 (1977) .................................................................. 26, 27 Caldwell v. Mississippi, 472 U.S. 320 (1988) ............................................................ 8 Card v. Dugger, 911 F.2d 1494 (11th Cir. 1990) ...................................................... 9 Card v. Jones, 219 So. 3d 47 (Fla. 2017) ................................................................. 10 Coker v. Georgia, 433 U.S. 584 (1977) .................................................. 13, 17, 18, 19 Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722 (1991) ............................................................. 8 Chandler v. Crosby, 916 So. 2d 728 (Fla. 2005) ........................................................ 9 Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004)............................................................ 9 Douglas v. Alabama, 380 U.S. 415 (1965) ............................................................ 8, 9 Enmund v. Florida, 458 U.S. 782 (1982) ................................................................ 18 Evans v. Michigan, 568 U.S. 313 (2013) ................................................................. 28 iv Ex Parte Lange, 85 U.S. 163 (1873) ............................................................ 21, 22, 32 Ford v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 399 (1986) ............................................................... 12 Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. 408 (2010) ................................................................. 14 Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976) .................................................................... 19 Hall v. Moore, 792 So. 2d 447 (Fla. 2001) ............................................................... 11 Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957 (1991) ........................................................... 13 Hertz v. Jones, 218 So. 3d 428 (Fla. 2017) .............................................................. 10 Hudson v. State, 708 So. 2d 256 (Fla. 1998) ........................................................... 31 Hurst v. Florida, 136 S. Ct. 616 (2016) ............................................................... 6, 10 In re Bonner, 151 U.S. 242 (1894) ............................................................... 27, 28, 32 In re Bradley, 318 U.S. 50 (1943) ............................................................................ 23 In re Mills, 135 U.S. 264 (1890) .............................................................................. 27 Israel v. State, 985 So. 2d 510 (Fla. 2008)............................................................... 11 Jeffers v. United States, 432 U.S. 137 (1977) .......................................................... 26 Jones v. Thomas, 491 U.S. 376 (1989) ............................................................ passim Kearse v. State, 969 So. 2d 976 (Fla. 2007) ............................................................... 9 Kennedy v. Louisiana, 554 U.S. 407 (2008) ............................................................ 14 King v. Moore, 831 So. 2d 143 (Fla. 2002) .............................................................. 11 Knight v. State, 923 So. 2d 387 (Fla. 2005) ............................................................... 8 Ohio v. Johnson, 497 U.S. 493 (1984) ..................................................................... 26 Lee v. Kemna, 534 U.S. 362 (2002) ............................................................................ 8 Lightbourne v. McCollum, 969 So. 2d 326 (Fla. 2007) ........................................... 10 Lowe v. State, 2 So. 3d 21 (Fla. 2008) ....................................................................... 9 Marek v. State, 8 So. 3d 1123 (Fla. 2009) ............................................................... 10 v Missouri v. Hunter, 459 U.S. 359 (1983) ................................................................. 26 Muhammad v. State, 132 So. 3d 176 (Fla. 2013) .................................................... 10 North Carolina v. Pearce, 395 U.S. 711 (1969) ....................................................... 21