The Mongolian Order of Combat Valor
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Heraldry in the Republic of Macedonia (1991-2019)
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 1 September 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0027.v1 Article Heraldry in the Republic of Macedonia (1991-2019) Jovan Jonovski1, * 1 Macedonian Heraldic Society; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +38970252989 Abstract: Every country has some specific heraldry. In this paper, we will consider heraldry in the Republic of Macedonia, understood by the multitude of coats of arms, and armorial knowledge and art. The paper covers the period from independence until the name change (1991-2019). It co- vers the state coat of arms of the Republic of Macedonia especially the 2009 change. Special atten- tion is given to the development of the municipal heraldry, including the legal system covering the subject. Also personal heraldry developed in 21 century is considered. The paper covers the de- velopment of heraldry and the heraldic thought in the given period, including the role of the Macedonian Heraldic Society and its journal Macedonian Herald in development of theoretic and practical heraldry, as well as its Register of arms and the Macedonian Civic Heraldic System. Keywords: Heraldry in Macedonia; Macedonian civic heraldry; Republic of Macedonia. 1. Introduction The Republic of Macedonia became independent from the Socialist Federative Re- public of Yugoslavia with the Referendum of 8 September 1991. The Democratic Federal Macedonia was formed during the first session of the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the Na- tional Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM) on 2 August 1944 (it later became the People’s Republic of Macedonia, a federal unit of the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia). -
Vojenská História 4/2006 Časopis Pre Vojenskú Históriu, Múzejníctvo a Archívnictvo
VOJENSKÁ HISTÓRIA Časopis pre vojenskú históriu, múzejníctvo a archívnictvo 4/2006 VYDÁVA VOJENSKÝ HISTORICKÝ ÚSTAV V BRATISLAVE © VHÚ Bratislava 2006 Príspevky vyjadrujú názory autorov a nemusia byť totožné so stanoviskom vydavateľa a redakcie. Vojenská história ŠTÚDIE RÁD DRAKA A JEHO INSÍGNIE1 IGOR GRAUS GRAUS, I.: The Order of Dragon and its Insignia. Vojenská história, 10, 4, 2006, pp 3 – 25, Bratislava. The study reacts to the exhibition on Emperor Sigmund in 2006 that in its catalogue brings some incor- rect results on insignia of the Hungarian Order of Dragon that arose in 1408 as a formal justification of the Barons Leage. The order was revived in 1411 in connection with its use as a diplomatic means. The author in detail analyses the genesis of the order insignia that represented a dragon winded into a circle. In 1416 the ruler added to it a flaming cross in a vertical distance. The author analyses a motive of a cru- ciform wound on the dragon´s back, deals with an issue of existence of a kolany order and considers an alleged insignia of the ruler´s grave to be only a jewel. Phaleristics. Hungary. Sigmund Luxembourg. Order of Dragon. V súvislosti s veľkolepo koncipovanou budapeštianskou a luxemburskou vý- stavou, usporiadanou v predvečer dvojnásobného jubilea uhorského a českého kráľa a ríšsko- nemeckého cisára Žigmunda Luxemburského, sa v odbornej literatúre objavilo niekoľko nekorektných údajov. Boli dôsledkom nedostatočnej umelecko-historickej analýzy a týkali sa predovšetkým insígnií rádu Draka. Vzhľadom na uvedené skutočnosti si pokladáme za po- vinnosť vrátiť sa k uvedenej problematike samostatnou štúdiou. Najstaršie písomné správy o špecifických rytierskych spoločnostiach svetskej šľachty, ktoré označujeme ako laické rytierske rády, pochádzajú z polovice 14. -
A Sentinal Appeared Carrying One of Goering's Fine Leather Cases. 'I
A sentinal appeared carrying one of Goering’s fine leather cases. ’I felt you should see this, sir.’ He opened it to reveal the big- gest collection of pills I had ever seen in my life. There were approximately twenty thousand pills in the case that Goering claimed were for a heart ailment. He would take them by the handfull, 20 in the morning and 20 at night. They were Paracodin a German syn- thetic drug used when morphine was not available. Also found among his clothes and personal effects were several ’tiny vials of Potas- sium Cyanide’. Examined each vial had enough cyanide to bring in- stant death to a dozen men. One of these vials, Goering managed to keep concealed for over a year until he committed "suicide with it only hours before he was to be hanged. "As well as his ’secret weapons’, Herr Goering’s valuables listed on the inventory and deposited under lock and key in the Gun room, were: 1 gold Luftwaffe badge; 1 gold Luftwaffe badge with diamonds; 1 deskwatch; 1 travelling clock by Movado; I large personal toilet case; 1 gold cigarette case, inlaid with amethyst and monogrammed by Prince Paul of Yugoslavia; 1 silver pill-box; 1 gold and velvet cigar-case; 1 square watch by Cartier, set with diamonds; 1 gold chain, gold pencil and cutter; 3 keys; 1 emerald ring; 1 diamond ring; 1 ruby ring; 1 semi-precious buttons; 1 small eagle with di- amond chips; 1 diamond A/C brooch; 4 cuff-links with semi-precious stones; 1 gold pin (evergreen twig); 1 pearl stick-pin; 1 gold stick- pin with swastika of diamond chips; 1 watch fob (platinum, -
The Great Patriotic War: Figures, Faces and Monuments of Our Victory
0 КОСТРОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТНОЙ ИНСТИТУТ РАЗВИТИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ Kostroma Land during the Great Patriotic War: figures, faces and monuments of our Victory КОСТРОМА, 2020 1 ББК 81.2Англ-922 УДК 811.111 K 72 Авторский коллектив: И. М. Сидорова, учитель английского языка, Т. В. Смирнова, учитель английского языка, МБОУ Караваевская средняя общеобразовательная школа Костромского муниципального района; Н. В. Пашкевич, методист отдела реализации программ дополнительного образования школьников ОГБОУ ДПО «КОИРО» Рецензенты: Лушина Елена Альбертовна, ректор ОГБОУ ДПО «КОИРО»; Заботкина Ольга Алексеевна, преподаватель Даремского университета (Великобритания), член Союза Журналистов РФ, член Академии высшего образования Великобритании; France Christopher Norman Lee, teacher, Durham; Kjell Eilert Karlsen, Owner and Managing Director of Institute working with Organizational and strategic Management development for Finance and Bank Institutions. Clinical psychologist, Cand. Psychol. University of Bergen, Norway; Connor S. Farris, Teacher of English as a Second Language, the USA; Elena Butler, Alive Mental Health Fair, the USA K 72 Kostroma Land during the Great Patriotic War: figures, faces and monuments of our Victory: Учебное пособие по английскому языку для учащихся 8–11 классов / Авт. И. М. Сидорова, Т. В. Смирнова, Н. В. Пашкевич; ред. Е. А. Лушина, О. А. Заботкина, France Christopher Norman Lee, Kjell Eilert Karlsen, Connor S. Farris, Elena Butler. — Кострома: КОИРО, 2020. — 44 с.: ил. ББК 81.2Англ-922 УДК 811.111 Это пособие посвящено великой дате – 75-летию Победы в Великой Отечественной войне. …Многие страны сейчас пытаются переписать историю, забывая, что именно Советский Союз освободил мир от фашистской чумы, что именно наша страна выстояла и победила в далёком 1945 году. Костромская земля внесла немалый вклад в дело Победы. -
I Am Falling Behind the Happenings
The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev 1985 Donated by A.S. Chernyaev to The National Security Archive Translated by Anna Melyakova Edited by Svetlana Savranskaya http://www.nsarchive.org Translation © The National Security Archive, 2006 The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1985 http://www.nsarchive.org January 4th, 1985. I am falling behind the events. And they are bustling. Before the New Year’s I was distressed for Ponomarev:1 Kosolapov asked for permission to print in Communist the conclusion we wrote for B.N. [Ponomarev] for the eight-volume International Labor Movement. In response, he received instructions from Zimyanin2 to remove the footnote that it was the conclusion—let it, he says, be just an article... This is how Zimyanin now gives orders to B.N., being lower in rank than him! But something else is the most important—he reflects the “opinion” that it is not necessary to establish the connection (for many decades into the future) between Ponomarev and this fundamental publication in an official Party organ... That is, they are preparing our B.N. for the hearse. I think he will not survive the XXYII Congress; in any case not as CC [Central Committee] Secretary. At work, almost every day brings evidence of his helplessness. His main concern right now is to vindicate at least something of his self-imagined “halo” of the creator of the third (1961) Party Program. In no way can he reconcile himself to the fact that life has torn “his creation” to pieces. He blames everything on the intrigues of either Gorbachev3 or Chernenko4; but mainly on “the curly one” (this is how he calls Chernenko’s assistant Pechenev); and also in part on Aleksandrov5 and Zagladin.6 He complains to me, seeking in me somebody to talk to, a sympathizer. -
British, Russian, Chinese and World Orders, Medals, Decorations and Miniatures
British, Russian, Chinese and World Orders, Medals, Decorations and Miniatures To be sold by auction at: Sotheby’s, in the Upper Grosvenor Gallery The Aeolian Hall, Bloomfield Place New Bond Street London W1A 2AA Day of Sale: Thursday 29 November 2012 at 10.00am and 2.30pm Public viewing: 45 Maddox Street, London W1S 2PE Monday 26 November 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Tuesday 27 November 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Wednesday 28 November 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Or by previous appointment. Catalogue no. 60 Price £15 Enquiries: James Morton or Paul Wood in association with 45 Maddox Street, London W1S 2PE Tel.: +44 (0)20 7493 5344 Fax: +44 (0)20 7495 6325 Email: [email protected] Website: www mortonandeden.com This auction is conducted by Morton & Eden Ltd. in accordance with our Conditions of Business printed at the back of this catalogue. All questions and comments relating to the operation of this sale or to its content should be addressed to Morton & Eden Ltd. and not to Sotheby’s. Online Bidding This auction can be viewed online at www.the-saleroom.com and www.invaluable.com. Morton & Eden Ltd offers an online bidding service via www.the-saleroom.com. This is provided on the understanding that Morton & Eden Ltd shall not be responsible for errors or failures to execute internet bids for reasons including but not limited to: i) a loss of internet connection by either party; ii) a breakdown or other problems with the online bidding software; iii) a breakdown or other problems with your computer, system or internet connection. -
The Issues of War with Japan Coverage in the Presidential Project «Fundamental Multi-Volume Work» the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945 «»
Vyatcheslav Zimonin Captain (Russia NAVY) Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of Military University, Honored Scientist Of The Russian Federation and Academy of Natural Sciences The issues of war with Japan coverage in the Presidential project «Fundamental multi-volume work» The Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945 «» Fundamental multi-volume work «The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945» is being developed in accordance with the Decree № 240-рп of May 5, 2008 of the President of the Russian Federation. The work is developed under the organizational leadership of the main drafting committee headed by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Army General Sergey Shoigu. Major General V.A. Zolotarev, well-known Russian scientist, Doctor of Historical and Legal Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Academy of Natural Sciences, State Councilor of the Russian Federation Deputy Chairman of the GRK is appointed as scientific director of the multi-volume work. Fundamental structure of a multivolume work: Volume 1 - «The main facts of the war,» Volume 2 - «The origin and the beginning of the war» Volume 3 - «Battles and actions that changed the course of the war,» Volume 4 - «Freeing of the USSR, 1944 « Volume 5 - «The final victory. Final operations of World War II in Europe. War with Japan « Volume 6 - «The Secret War. Intelligence and counterintelligence in the Great Patriotic War « Volume 7 - «Economy and weapons of war» Volume 8 - «Foreign policy and diplomacy of the Soviet Union during the war» Volume 9 - «Allies of the USSR in the war» Volume 10 - «The power, society and war» Volume 11 - «Policy and Strategy of Victory. -
President's Message Please Note
PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE Dear Fellow OMSA Obama signed into law in December, includes Texas Members: Senator John Cornyn’s legislation awarding the Purple Heart to the victims of the Fort Hood shootings. Forty Years of JOMSA on Our Website. I’m happy The issue has been controversial. The Obama to announce the “JOMSA administration opposed awarding the Purple Heart Archive” is now available because it maintained that the Fort Hood shootings were on our website, www.omsa. really tantamount to workplace violence, and did not org, with over 40 years of qualify as an act of international terrorism for which the the JOMSA available in Purple Heart could be awarded. The Military Order of the an electronic format. To Purple Heart, a veterans group representing about 45,000 access the JOMSA digital Purple Heart recipients, agreed with the administration; archive, hover your cursor it opposed Purple Hearts for the same reason. Similarly, over the “Publications” the Veterans of Foreign Wars, after conducting a survey section of the upper toolbar then move down to “The of its members, opposed changing the Purple Heart’s OMSA Journal” and a further bar will appear to the right; eligibility criteria to make the Fort Hood victims eligible. click on “JOMSA Archive Access” and you are there. You On the other hand, the American Legion labeled the Fort will be able to search the archive, using the Google search Hood shooting an act of terrorism and supported giving engine, or browse through the issues by year. You must Purple Hearts to the victims. be logged into our website to access the JOMSA archive. -
Introduction
Notes Introduction 1. See R. D. Markwick (2002), ‘Stalinism at War’, Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 3 (3), 509–20; M. David- Fox et al. (2003), eds., The Resistance Debate in Russian and Soviet History, Kritika Historical Studies 1 (Bloomington, Indiana). 2. R. Thurston (1996), Life and Terror in Stalin’s Russia, 1934–1941 (New Haven), Chapter 7. For a critique that suggests passing this ‘acid test’ equals ‘pro-Stalinism’ see R. R. Reese (2007), ‘Motivations to Serve: The Soviet Soldier in the Second World War’, The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 20 (2), 236–82, esp. 265. More recently, Reese has rightly argued that the mass Red Army surrenders in the first months of the war do not necessarily equate to anti- Stalinism any more than the very willingness to fight on against the odds equalled support for Stalinism. He rightly argues too that there was a multiplicity of reasons, from the political- patriotic to the personal, for soldiers fighting. R. R. Reese (2011), Why Stalin’s Soldiers Fought. The Red Army’s Military Effectiveness in World War II (Lawrence, Kansas), esp. pp. 11–4; 311–2. But in our opinion, posing the question of sustained military resistance in terms of pro or anti- Stalinism misses a fundamental factor: it was the vast socio- economic transformations imposed by Stalin – industrialization, urbanization, education – under the banner of patriotic socialism, that injected a particularly potent, popular, wartime identification with the Motherland and the Soviet state that protected it. 3. A challenge ably taken up in C. Merridale (2005), Ivan’s War: the Red Army, 1939–1945 (London). -
Igualdades N2
ARE SPANISH WOMEN LESS MERITORIOUS? AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN IN THE BESTOWING OF CIVIL ORDERS IN SPAIN ¿Son las españolas menos meritorias? Un análisis empírico de la discriminación contra las mujeres en la concesión de órdenes civiles en España THOMAS BAUMERT ESIC Business and Marketing School Madrid (Spain) [email protected] ESTHER VALBUENA ESIC Business and Marketing School Madrid (Spain) [email protected] Cómo citar/Citation Baumert, T. y Valbuena, E. (2020). Are Spanish women less meritorious? An empirical analysis of discrimination against women in the bestowing of civil orders in Spain. IgualdadES, 2, 121-155. doi: https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/IgdES.2.05 (Recepción: 18/12/2019; aceptación tras revisión: 27/04/2020; publicación: 30/06/2020) Abstract The present paper represents an attempt to study gender discrimination from the perspective of public recognition of merit measured through the bestowing of civil orders—the single most important incentives awarded by states—both at the national and regional level in Spain. Our results confirm that there is a severe and non-converging structural bias against women in the bestowing of civil orders and med- als, despite the fact that in many fields of awarding (such as the judicial system, the national health system, etc.) the percentage of women is nearly equal to that of men. 122 THOMAS BAUMERT Y ESTHER VALBUENA GARCÍA We discuss the convenience of introducing a female quota in the number of proposals to awards as a measure to overcome the current gender bias. Keywords Civil orders; medals; Premial Law; women; gender bias; Spain. -
'Burnt Skies of Afghanistan: Military Aviation in the Afghan War' By
‘Burnt Skies of Afghanistan: Military Aviation in the Afghan War' by Viktor Markovsky "Afghanistan" – a firm word, deeply rooted into our minds inevitably portraying another firm word - war. Indeed, we’re talking about a country that fought for decades without interruption. The Soviet Union’s invasion in Afghanistan started in December 1979, and it ended up being the most extensive military conflict that involved Soviet soldiers after WWII. This war brought down a generation, and whether we like it or not, the word “Afghan” is excessively related to war and conflict. The war happening at the southern borders of the former Soviet Union is far from being over. Things weren’t always like this though ... For many years, the Soviet Union and Afghanistan were strongly connected; there once was a friendly, mutual relation between the two. It was in 1919 when Afghanistan gained independence, and in that same year, Russia first recognized its sovereignty. In the postwar years, Afghanistan was ruled by King Zahir Shah and Daoud Khan, his successor, who had great respect for the Soviet Union, considering it a reliable ally. Afghanistan worked for many years with the Soviet specialists. There were roads and enterprises built, as well as various exchanges of goods that brought many benefits to the Soviet Union. Things like blankets, galoshes, and even trucks were traded between the two countries; surprisingly, the Soviet Union was extremely grateful for all the things sent, considering it was considered an impoverished neighboring country. On the other side, items like kitchen utensils and missiles belonging to the Afghan army were of Russian origin. -
Crisia 2006, XXXVI 1. Doina IGNAT
Crisia 2006, XXXVI 1. Doina IGNAT, REPREZENTĂRI PLASTICE ANTROPOMORFE DIN AŞEZAREA NEOLITICĂ DE LA SUPLACU DE BARCĂU REPRESENTATIONS PLASTIQUES ANTHROPOMORPHES DU SITE NEOLITHIQUE DE SUPLACU DE BARCĂU (DEP. DE BIHOR) A l’occasion de la reprise des recherches archéologiques dans ce site (campagne de 2002- 2003) on a découvert aussi quelques pièces cultiques, anthropomorphes. Elles peuvent être incluses dans le même contexte avec celles déjà connues et publiées et qui appartiennent au Groupe culturel néolithique Suplacu de Barcău. 2. Ioan CRIŞAN, Călin GHEMIŞ, DESCOPERIRI IZOLATE APARŢINÂND EPOCII BRONZULUI DE PE RAZA LOCALITĂŢII CEFA (JUDEŢUL BIHOR) ISOLATED BRONZE AGE DISCOVERIES FROM CEFA (Bihor County) The authors presents two pieces belonging to the Bronze Age. The first one is an little mug, dated in the second stage of Otomani Culture with analogies at Ateas, Sacuieni and others settlements belonging to this culture.The second piece is an bronze knife with analogies in the late Bronze Age deposits.Both pieces were discovered isolate without clear conditions of finding or archaeological contexts but both of them proved the existence here of some settlements. 3. Corina TOMA, REPERTORIUL DESCOPERIRILOR DE EPOCĂ DACICĂ DIN JUDEŢUL BIHOR ŞI POSIBILITĂŢILE DE ABORDARE A UNOR SITUAŢII DE ANALIZAT A CATALOGUE OF THE DACIAN PERIOD DISCOVERIES FOUND IN THE BIHOR COUNTY AREA – POSSIBLE APPROACHES TO SPECIFIC SITUATIONS The present paper gathers information published along the years regarding Dacian period archaeological and numismatic discoveries found in the present area of Bihor County. The organization of these discoveries in a catalogue allows for some historical and archaeological observations: taking into account the stage of the archaeological research and the relief of the county (large surfaces covered with forests and swamps), the discoveries are concentrated on the Western side of the Crisana Hills and in the Crisurilor Plain.