I Am Falling Behind the Happenings
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr. -
Penalties and Rewards in Soviet Law
Washington Law Review Volume 25 Number 2 5-1-1950 Penalties and Rewards in Soviet Law George C. Guins Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons Recommended Citation George C. Guins, Far Eastern Section, Penalties and Rewards in Soviet Law, 25 Wash. L. Rev. & St. B.J. 206 (1950). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr/vol25/iss2/6 This Far Eastern Section is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at UW Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington Law Review by an authorized editor of UW Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FAR EASTERN SECTION PENALTIES AND REWARDS IN SOVIET LAW GEORGE C. GUINS* T HE SOVIET system and practice of penalties and rewards have sev- eral peculiarities which are undoubtedly bound up with Soviet socialism. Long before the Revolution of 1917, the eminent Russian scholar L. J. Petrazicki pointed out that with a transition to socialism there would be greater emphasis on the system of compulsion and rewards.' When the government becomes the supreme monopolist and arbitrator of all earnings and prices, when the livelihood of all its citizens is placed in direct dependence on the state, the stimuli of acquisition, gain, and risk lose their power. The incentive to work is derived from disin- terested devotion to national and humanitarian causes, or from antici- pation of favors from the powers that be. Lofty ideals and altruistic psychological motives are, however, not common among the masses. -
A Sentinal Appeared Carrying One of Goering's Fine Leather Cases. 'I
A sentinal appeared carrying one of Goering’s fine leather cases. ’I felt you should see this, sir.’ He opened it to reveal the big- gest collection of pills I had ever seen in my life. There were approximately twenty thousand pills in the case that Goering claimed were for a heart ailment. He would take them by the handfull, 20 in the morning and 20 at night. They were Paracodin a German syn- thetic drug used when morphine was not available. Also found among his clothes and personal effects were several ’tiny vials of Potas- sium Cyanide’. Examined each vial had enough cyanide to bring in- stant death to a dozen men. One of these vials, Goering managed to keep concealed for over a year until he committed "suicide with it only hours before he was to be hanged. "As well as his ’secret weapons’, Herr Goering’s valuables listed on the inventory and deposited under lock and key in the Gun room, were: 1 gold Luftwaffe badge; 1 gold Luftwaffe badge with diamonds; 1 deskwatch; 1 travelling clock by Movado; I large personal toilet case; 1 gold cigarette case, inlaid with amethyst and monogrammed by Prince Paul of Yugoslavia; 1 silver pill-box; 1 gold and velvet cigar-case; 1 square watch by Cartier, set with diamonds; 1 gold chain, gold pencil and cutter; 3 keys; 1 emerald ring; 1 diamond ring; 1 ruby ring; 1 semi-precious buttons; 1 small eagle with di- amond chips; 1 diamond A/C brooch; 4 cuff-links with semi-precious stones; 1 gold pin (evergreen twig); 1 pearl stick-pin; 1 gold stick- pin with swastika of diamond chips; 1 watch fob (platinum, -
Mikhail Gorbachev's Speech in Murmansk at the Ceremonial Meeting on the Occasion of the Presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star to the City of Murmansk
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV'S SPEECH IN MURMANSK AT THE CEREMONIAL MEETING ON THE OCCASION OF THE PRESENTATION OF THE ORDER OF LENIN AND THE GOLD STAR TO THE CITY OF MURMANSK Murmansk, 1 Oct. 1987 Indeed, the international situation is still complicated. The dangers to which we have no right to turn a blind eye remain. There has been some change, however, or, at least, change is starting. Certainly, judging the situation only from the speeches made by top Western leaders, including their "programme" statements, everything would seem to be as it was before: the same anti-Soviet attacks, the same demands that we show our commitment to peace by renouncing our order and principles, the same confrontational language: "totalitarianism", "communist expansion", and so on. Within a few days, however, these speeches are often forgotten, and, at any rate, the theses contained in them do not figure during businesslike political negotiations and contacts. This is a very interesting point, an interesting phenomenon. It confirms that we are dealing with yesterday's rhetoric, while real- life processes have been set into motion. This means that something is indeed changing. One of the elements of the change is that it is now difficult to convince people that our foreign policy, our initiatives, our nuclear-free world programme are mere "propaganda". A new, democratic philosophy of international relations, of world politics is breaking through. The new mode of thinking with its humane, universal criteria and values is penetrating diverse strata. Its strength lies in the fact that it accords with people's common sense. -
The Great Patriotic War: Figures, Faces and Monuments of Our Victory
0 КОСТРОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТНОЙ ИНСТИТУТ РАЗВИТИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ Kostroma Land during the Great Patriotic War: figures, faces and monuments of our Victory КОСТРОМА, 2020 1 ББК 81.2Англ-922 УДК 811.111 K 72 Авторский коллектив: И. М. Сидорова, учитель английского языка, Т. В. Смирнова, учитель английского языка, МБОУ Караваевская средняя общеобразовательная школа Костромского муниципального района; Н. В. Пашкевич, методист отдела реализации программ дополнительного образования школьников ОГБОУ ДПО «КОИРО» Рецензенты: Лушина Елена Альбертовна, ректор ОГБОУ ДПО «КОИРО»; Заботкина Ольга Алексеевна, преподаватель Даремского университета (Великобритания), член Союза Журналистов РФ, член Академии высшего образования Великобритании; France Christopher Norman Lee, teacher, Durham; Kjell Eilert Karlsen, Owner and Managing Director of Institute working with Organizational and strategic Management development for Finance and Bank Institutions. Clinical psychologist, Cand. Psychol. University of Bergen, Norway; Connor S. Farris, Teacher of English as a Second Language, the USA; Elena Butler, Alive Mental Health Fair, the USA K 72 Kostroma Land during the Great Patriotic War: figures, faces and monuments of our Victory: Учебное пособие по английскому языку для учащихся 8–11 классов / Авт. И. М. Сидорова, Т. В. Смирнова, Н. В. Пашкевич; ред. Е. А. Лушина, О. А. Заботкина, France Christopher Norman Lee, Kjell Eilert Karlsen, Connor S. Farris, Elena Butler. — Кострома: КОИРО, 2020. — 44 с.: ил. ББК 81.2Англ-922 УДК 811.111 Это пособие посвящено великой дате – 75-летию Победы в Великой Отечественной войне. …Многие страны сейчас пытаются переписать историю, забывая, что именно Советский Союз освободил мир от фашистской чумы, что именно наша страна выстояла и победила в далёком 1945 году. Костромская земля внесла немалый вклад в дело Победы. -
Spatial Evolution of a Museum Building: a Case of the State Historical Museum
SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF A MUSEUM BUILDING: A CASE OF THE STATE HISTORICAL MUSEUM Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester by Anna Mikhailova MA School of Museum Studies University of Leicester September 2017 Abstract Spatial Evolution of a Museum Building: A Case of the State Historical Museum in Moscow Anna Mikhailova This thesis contributes to the modern understanding of museum architecture, by exploring the relationship between a museum as an organisation and its physical form of the museum building. By choosing the spatial transformations at the State Historical Museum in Moscow as a case study, it introduces Russian museum practices into international museological context. The thesis analyses the planning and construction stages, as well as two major renovations that took place in significantly different political contexts: Imperial Russia, the Soviet Union and the modern democratic Federation. Applying a micro historical approach and a facility management lens offers an insight into the complexity of the processes that shape the physical space: its sensitivity to internal and external agencies and multiple contexts, such as the urban built environment; the political climate and the economy; museum trends; and the professional community. The building itself, once completed or at earlier stages, becomes another actor in the equation. An in-depth analysis of the events in question reveals the elaborate nature of the production of space, and demonstrates the importance of professional communication and interpersonal relationships that can impact the institution, both positively and adversely. The attitudes to the Museum, demonstrated by different governments over the years, offer an insight into how a central location can be viewed as a bigger asset than the institution itself and discourage it from independence, both organisationally and spatially. -
Gorbachev and the Dynamics of Change *
GORBACHEV AND THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGE * K.S. Karol By six in the morning, queues are already beginning to form in front of the news-stands in Moscow and Leningrad. People may be queuing to buy Ogonek, a popular illustrated weekly which had no great readership until very recently, or a literary review which is publishing a work that has been held up by the censors for decades, or a long-awaited critical novel. They may even be queuing to make sure of getting hold of their usual daily, or sometimes even Pravda, if it contains an article or an interview that is out of the ordinary: they are afraid that it will be sold out within a few hours. Live television programmes are also becoming more common and the public, who are often invited to take part in them, follow them with an attention that was unknown in the past. Although they have a world-wide reputation for being indigestible, the Soviet press and mass media are suddenly enjoying immense public popularity, thanks to the policy of glasnost (openness) introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev. Is this phenomenon really only the tip of an iceberg? Are profound changes really at work in Soviet society? How far can the perestroika (reconstruct- ion) inspired and led by the new General Secretary actually go? For the first time since the Revolution of October 1917-and on the eve of its seventieth anniversary-censorship has been virtually abolished in the Soviet Union. Editors of various publications, who are assumed to know just how far they can go, have sole responsibility for what they publish. -
The Mongolian Order of Combat Valor
THE MONGOLIAN ORDER OF COMBAT VALOR ED HAYNES From 1921 until 1990, the Mongolia People’s Republic Mongolia against both foreign and domestic enemies. was a close ally of the Soviet Union. Landlocked between the two previously hostile neighbors of China and Russia The order (Figure 1) is a silver 50-ram five-pointed star, and far too close to Japan for comfort, Mongolia, in with five rayed gilt points separated by white enameled securing its independence, opted quite logically for a shorter rays. In the circular center the 1941 Mongolian close fraternal link with the USSR. In phaleristics, as in coat of arms appears in the correct colors of enamel. other aspects of its politico-economic history and policy, Below the arms, in silver there are a crossed saber and Mongolia came to look northward for inspiration and rifle. guidance. While the designs of their post- 1921 awards draw intentionally from the richness of Mongolian The reverses differ substantially among the sub-variations culture and history, almost all Mongolian awards and are detailed below. All of the awards are numbered were manufactured by the Soviet mint. Likewise, the on the reverse until, perhaps, the most recent bestowals. underlying orders system was, in general terms, inspired Other details of the changing design of the order are by the Soviet system, with, for example, the Order of discussed in the detailed typology given below. While all Sukhbaatar equating roughly to the Order of Lenin, the these awards (until the post-1991 awards, obviously) are Order of the Red Banner of Combat Valor to the Soviet believed to have been manufactured in the Soviet Union, Order of the Red Banner, and so on. -
1 1 the Curse of Displacement
1 2 The curse of displacement: Local narratives of forced expulsion and 3 the appropriation of abandoned property in Abkhazia 4 5 Andrea Peinhopf, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London 6 7 8 Abstract. Since the end of the Georgian-Abkhaz war, the often-precarious status of the Georgians 9 displaced from Abkhazia has received significant academic attention. In contrast, the 10 consequences of displacement from the reverse perspective – how it has affected the people who 11 stayed behind – remains underanalysed. Drawing on narratives collected during several months 12 of ethnographic fieldwork, this paper argues that although ethnic Abkhazians see themselves as 13 victims of ethnic violence rather than perpetrators, the re-distribution of Georgian property 14 nevertheless caused significant distress. Many condemned the practice of appropriation, 15 suggesting that taking what is not one’s own is not only a violation of the property of the original 16 owner, but also of the Abkhaz moral code and therefore shameful. To them, the trophy houses 17 were a curse, both literally – as spaces haunted by former occupants – and metaphorically, as a 18 source and reminder of a certain “moral corruption” within Abkhazian society. However, while 19 the stories around the trophy houses reflect substantial intra-communal divisions, I suggest that 20 they are also an expression of a shared post-war experience. Like the horror stories of Georgian 21 violence, and those of Abkhaz heroism, they have become part of an intimate -
The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev 1986
The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev 1986 Donated by A.S. Chernyaev to The National Security Archive Translated by Anna Melyakova Edited by Svetlana Savranskaya http://www.nsarchive.org Translation © The National Security Archive, 2007 The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1986 http://www.nsarchive.org January 1st, 1986. At the department1 everyone wished each other to celebrate the New Year 1987 “in the same positions.” And it is true, at the last session of the CC (Central Committee) Secretariat on December 30th, five people were replaced: heads of CC departments, obkom [Oblast Committee] secretaries, heads of executive committees. The Politizdat2 director Belyaev was confirmed as editor of Soviet Culture. [Yegor] Ligachev3 addressed him as one would address a person, who is getting promoted and entrusted with a very crucial position. He said something like this: we hope that you will make the newspaper truly an organ of the Central Committee, that you won’t squander your time on petty matters, but will carry out state and party policies... In other words, culture and its most important control lever were entrusted to a Stalinist pain-in-the neck dullard. What is that supposed to mean? Menshikov’s case is also shocking to me. It is clear that he is a bastard in general. I was never favorably disposed to him; he was tacked on [to our team] without my approval. I had to treat him roughly to make sure no extraterritoriality and privileges were allowed in relation to other consultants, and even in relation to me (which could have been done through [Vadim] Zagladin,4 with whom they are dear friends). -
Fucking Winter Outside 15 Dmitry Vilenski Artur Żmijewski
Dimitry Vilensky (b. 1964) is an art- Artur Żmijewski (b. 1966) is an art- ist, writer and founding member of the group ist, primarily working with photography and Chto delat?/What is to be done? and serves as film. He studied in the sculpture class of Pro- 15 dmitry Vilenski the editor of its magazine. Chto delat?/What is fessor Grzegorz Kowalski at the Warsaw Art to be done? is a platform that was initiated in Academy from 1990 to 1995, as well as the Ger- Artur ŻmijeWski 2003 by a collective of artists, critics, philoso- rit Rietveld Academie in Amsterdam in 1999. phers, and writers with the goal of merging In 2005, he represented Poland at the 51st Art political theory, art, and activism. Vilensky Biennale in Venice showing a video “Repeti- regularly contributes to the group’s online tion” – a reenactment of the famous experi- magazine and he is member of the editorial ment of Phillip G. Zimbardo . He is member of board of the Art Journal. His most recent work, the Polish political movement “Krytyka Poli- created with Tsaplya [Olga Egorova], was a tyczna” and the art director of the magazine of video entitled “Russian woods” (2012) that was the same name. He curated the 7th Berlin Bi- Fucking Winter published on the group’s website [www.ch- ennale for Contemporary Art in 2012, which todelat.org]. Exhibitions of his work and that developed his position on social activism, for- of Chto delat?/What is to be done? include: “The mulated earlier in his manifesto The Applied So- Outside Lesson on Dis-Consent”, Staatliche Kunsthalle cial Arts (2007). -
Russian Soft Power in France: Assessing Moscow's Cultural and Business Para- Diplomacy
Russian Soft Power in France: Assessing Moscow's Cultural and Business Para- diplomacy January 8, 2018 Marlene Laruelle Senior Fellow, Carnegie Council; Research Professor, The George Washington University This paper is the first of a series of publications on Russia's influence in France. France constitutes the most prominent example of Russia's soft power in Western Europe, due not only to the long-lasting positive bilateral relations but also to the presence of an important Russian emigration since the 1920s that can act as a relay of influence. This project is supported by a grant from the Foundation Open Society Institute in cooperation with OSIFE of the Open Society Foundations. The French-Russian relationship is based on a long-standing tradition of cultural exchanges. In the 19th century, France was already one of the preferred destinations for Russian political exiles, and subsequently received several of the major waves of Russian emigration in the interwar period. Under the presidency of de Gaulle, it positioned itself as a European power relatively favorable to the Soviet Union. France's strong Communist tradition also encouraged a certain ideological proximity, and Russian was widely taught at secondary school level until the collapse of the USSR. The bilateral relationship is more complex today, characterized by close- knit economic and cultural interrelationships but also by political difficulties over the main international issues, the most important of which are Ukraine and Syria. Since the support shown by Russia to the European extreme right and the—now waning—honeymoon between the Front National (National Front) and some Kremlin circles, debate in France on the "Russian presence" and "Russia's networks of influence" has escalated, sometimes reaching extreme forms of paranoia founded on gross exaggeration, groundless supposition, and the reproduction of American arguments concerning the rumored Russian hand in electing Donald Trump.