A. Topics B. Traditions C. Critiques

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A. Topics B. Traditions C. Critiques A. Topics B. Traditions C. Critiques Admonition Free Will Predestination Ancient Egyptian Giorgio Agamben Afterlife Freedom Priesthood Anishinaabe Talal Asad Angels Fundamentalism Profanity Anthroposophy Georges Bataille Animism Garments Prophecy Aztec Religion Judith Butler Anthropomorphism God Providence Bahá'í Joseph Campbell Apocalypticism Grace Punishment Buddhism Michel de Certeau Apotheosis Guilt Purity Candomblé Mary Daly Ascension Harmony Purpose Catholicism Mary Douglas Asceticism Heathens & heretics Redemption Celtic Religion Émile Durkheim Atonement Heaven and Hell Reincarnation Authority Henotheism Repentance Christianity Mircea Eliade Awareness Hierarchy Resurrection Confucianism E.E. Evans-Pritchard Axis Mundi Holiness Revelation Druze Religion Ludwig Feuerbach Balance Homily Reward Gnosticism J.G. Frazer Belief Icon Righteousness Greco-Roman Sigmund Freud Blasphemy Idolatry Ritual Hinduism Erich Fromm Body Immortality Sacred Inca Religion Clifford Geertz Canon Initiation Sacrifice Islam René Girard Change Innocence Sacrilege Jainism Stewart Guthrie Chastity Interpretation Salvation Judaism Jürgen Habermas Church and State Journey Sanctification Satan Latter-Day Saints G.W.F. Hegel Class Judgment Scripture Mahayana Buddhism Marsha Aileen Hewitt Clergy Justice Secret Mandaeism David Hume Community/Congregation Knowledge Sermon Maya Religion William James Conversion Law Service Mesopotamian Carl Jung Cosmology Liturgy Sexuality Muism Walter Kaufmann Creation Love Shrine Neopaganism Julia Kristeva Cult Magic Sin New Age Claude Lévi-Strauss Death Meditation Solitude Odinani Alasdair MacIntyre Defilement Messianism Soteriology Peyotism Deism Miracle Soul Bronislaw Malinowski Protestantism Demons Modesty Spirit Karl Marx Determinism Monasticism Submission Rastafari Abraham Maslow Devotion Money Suffering Romanipen Max Müller Discipline Monism Syncretism Scientology Friedrich Nietzsche Dualism Monotheism Taboo Shaivism Rudolf Otto Duty Morality Temple Shamanism Bertrand Russell Ecstasy Mysticism Theodicy Shenism Friedrich Schleiermacher Election Myth Theophany Shintoism Jonathan Z. Smith Enlightenment Name Time Sikhism E. B. Tylor Epiphany Numbers Tradition Sufism Max Weber Eschatology Omnipotence Tranquility Taoism R. J. Zwi Werblowsky Esotericism Omniscience Transcendence Theosophy Eternity Orthodoxy Truth Theravada Buddhism Evil Orthopraxy Unity Vaishnavism Expiation Pantheism Universalism Vajrayana Buddhsim Faith Peace Vanity Vodun Fatalism Performance Violence Wicca Fear Piety Wealth Yazdânism Festivals Pilgrimage Wisdom Zen Buddhism Forgiveness Polytheism Worship Zoroastrianism Possessions Zeal Prayer .
Recommended publications
  • Igbo Man's Belief in Prayer for the Betterment of Life Ikechukwu
    Igbo man’s Belief in Prayer for the Betterment of Life Ikechukwu Okodo African & Asian Studies Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Abstract The Igbo man believes in Chukwu strongly. The Igbo man expects all he needs for the betterment of his life from Chukwu. He worships Chukwu traditionally. His religion, the African Traditional Religion, was existing before the white man came to the Igbo land of Nigeria with his Christianity. The Igbo man believes that he achieves a lot by praying to Chukwu. It is by prayer that he asks for the good things of life. He believes that prayer has enough efficacy to elicit mercy from Chukwu. This paper shows that the Igbo man, to a large extent, believes that his prayer contributes in making life better for him. It also makes it clear that he says different kinds of prayer that are spontaneous or planned, private or public. Introduction Since the Igbo man believes in Chukwu (God), he cannot help worshipping him because he has to relate with the great Being that made him. He has to sanctify himself in order to find favour in Chukwu. He has to obey the laws of his land. He keeps off from blood. He must not spill blood otherwise he cannot stand before Chukwu to ask for favour and succeed. In spite of that it can cause him some ill health as the Igbo people say that those whose hands are bloody are under curses which affect their destines. The Igboman purifies himself by avoiding sins that will bring about abominations on the land.
    [Show full text]
  • Cth 821 Course Title: African Traditional Religious Mythology and Cosmology
    NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COURSE CODE: CTH 821 COURSE TITLE: AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGIOUS MYTHOLOGY AND COSMOLOGY 1 Course Code: CTH 821 Course Title: African Traditional Religious Mythology and Cosmology Course Developer: Rev. Fr. Dr. Michael .N. Ushe Department of Christian Theology School of Arts and Social Sciences National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos Course Writer: Rev. Fr. Dr. Michael .N. Ushe Department of Christian Theology School of Arts and Social Sciences National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos Programme Leader: Rev. Fr. Dr. Michael .N. Ushe Department of Christian Theology School of Arts and Social Sciences National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos Course Title: CTH 821 AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGIOUS MYTHOLOGY AND COSMOLOGY COURSE DEVELOPER/WRITER: Rev. Fr. Dr. Ushe .N. Michael 2 National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos COURSE MODERATOR: Rev. Fr. Dr. Mike Okoronkwo National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos PROGRAMME LEADER: Rev. Fr. Dr. Ushe .N. Michael National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos CONTENTS PAGE Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………… …...i What you will learn in this course…………………………………………………………….…i-ii 3 Course Aims………………………………………………………..……………………………..ii Course objectives……………………………………………………………………………...iii-iii Working Through this course…………………………………………………………………….iii Course materials…………………………………………………………………………..……iv-v Study Units………………………………………………………………………………………..v Set Textbooks…………………………………………………………………………………….vi Assignment File…………………………………………………………………………………..vi
    [Show full text]
  • Igbos: the Hebrews of West Africa
    Igbos: The Hebrews of West Africa by Michelle Lopez Wellansky Submitted to the Board of Humanities School of SUY Purchase in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts Purchase College State University of New York May 2017 Sponsor: Leandro Benmergui Second Reader: Rachel Hallote 1 Igbos: The Hebrews of West Africa Michelle Lopez Wellansky Introduction There are many groups of people around the world who claim to be Jews. Some declare they are descendants of the ancient Israelites; others have performed group conversions. One group that stands out is the Igbo people of Southeastern Nigeria. The Igbo are one of many groups that proclaim to make up the Diasporic Jews from Africa. Historians and ethnographers have looked at the story of the Igbo from different perspectives. The Igbo people are an ethnic tribe from Southern Nigeria. Pronounced “Ee- bo” (the “g” is silent), they are the third largest tribe in Nigeria, behind the Hausa and the Yoruba. The country, formally known as the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is in West Africa on the Atlantic Coast and is bordered by Chad, Cameroon, Benin, and Niger. The Igbo make up about 18% of the Nigerian population. They speak the Igbo language, which is part of the Niger-Congo language family. The majority of the Igbo today are practicing Christians. Though they identify as Christian, many consider themselves to be “cultural” or “ethnic” Jews. Additionally, there are more than two million Igbos who practice Judaism while also reading the New Testament. In The Black
    [Show full text]
  • “Things Fall Apart” in “Dead Men's Path”
    International Journal of Linguistics and Literature (IJLL) ISSN(P): 2319-3956; ISSN(E): 2319-3964 Vol. 7, Issue 6, Oct - Sep 2018; 57-70 © IASET “THINGS FALL APART” IN “DEAD MEN’S PATH”, A STORY FROM CHINUA ACHEBE’S GIRLS AT WAR AND OTHER STORIES Komenan Casimir Lecturer, Department of English, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University of Coode, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire ABSTRACT Introduced in Igbo-land owing to colonialism, Western school proves intolerant of Odinani, the Igbo traditional religion,by closing “Dead Men’s Path”, a symbol of three realms of existence: the dead, the living and the unborn children. To claim the right of being practiced freely, Odinaniwage war with the school. The ins and outs of these conflicts permits of postulating that “things fall apart” in “Dead Men’s Path”, a short story excerpted from Achebe’s Girls at War and Other Stories. KEYWORDS: “Things Fall Apart”, “Dead Men’s Path”, Intolerant School, Odinani, Igbo, Achebe Article History Received: 04 Oct 2018 | Revised: 16 Oct 2018 | Accepted: 03 Nov 2018 INTRODUCTION Introduced in Africa with the advent of colonization and its civilizing mission, school as one feature of the white man’s ways, has clashed with Odinani, the Igbo traditional religion based on the ancestral veneration or what is referred to as the first faith of Africans 1. As a result, the inherited religious practices have become obsolete, as shown in Chinua Achebe’s “Dead Men’s Path”, a short story extracted from Girls at War and Other Stories (1972). This work is a collection of short stories in which the author attests to the culturo-spiritual conflict between the African culture and the European one 2.
    [Show full text]
  • My Quest for an Internet
    1 T h e L ast Speaker of Igbo Has Died! © PHILIP EMEAGWALI My Quest for an Internet In the 11th installment of our weekly series at emeagwali.com, we walk down memory lane to March 26, 1974. The scenario: Philip Chukwurah Emeagwali “discovers” that black Americans no longer speak their native African languages. The First Africans in America Transcribed and edited from a lecture delivered by Philip Chukwurah Emeagwali. The unedited video is posted at emeagwali.com. I did not know that the first Africans arrived in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1614. I thought Nnamdi Azikiwe, my hometown hero, was one of the first (Zik nwa jelu obodo oyibo). He was in Storer College, Virginia, in the 1920s, 50 years before my arrival in the United States. Three hundred and sixty years (360) earlier, Africans arrived in the United States, via Portugal. Africans arrived in Portugal, as slaves, 170 years before their arrival in the United States. Lagos is a Portuguese word. Madam Tinubu (of Tinubu Square, Lagos) was a wealthy 19th century slave-trader. Pidgin-English was invented to trade with Portuguese. My first awareness of black America came in 1968 from reading the classic “Up From Slavery “ by Booker T. Washington. I read it as a 13-year-old refugee living in a refugee camp located at Saint Joseph’s Primary School, Awka-Etiti, Biafra. So for a period, I carried the image of Africans in the United States, who could still speak some African languages, two centuries after they were liberated from slavery. http://emeagwali.com ™ [email protected] 2 T h e L ast Speaker of Igbo Has Died! © PHILIP EMEAGWALI As I remember, the first time I saw black Americans in everyday context was in 1972 in Jet magazine in Ibuzor.
    [Show full text]
  • Odinani the Igbo Religion Ebook
    ÖDÏNANÏ: THE IGBO RELIGION OKUKU ANAAGÖ MMADÜAGWU (ASHÏÏ). Ö BALÜ DIKE EGWU. OTIGBU ONYE NA-ETIGBU ONYE SÖ YA KWÜ. Author: Emmanuel Kaanaenechukwu ANIZOBA (EZEANA, ABÖSHÏ-UDUGHUDU-NGAGWU-DÏ-IGBO-EGWU) B2, 6 X 9, PB, NONLAM, 20 LB, INSERTS: N, “Ödïnanï: the Igbo...” Order this book online at www.trafford.com/08-0487 or email orders@trafford.com Most Trafford titles are also available at major online book retailers. © Copyright 2008 Emmanuel K. Anizoba. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written prior permission of the author. Note for Librarians: A cataloguing record for this book is available from Library and Archives Canada at www.collectionscanada.ca/amicus/index-e.html Printed in Victoria, BC, Canada. : 978-1-4251-7611-2 We at Trafford believe that it is the responsibility of us all, as both individuals and corporations, to make choices that are environmentally and socially sound. You, in turn, are supporting this responsible conduct each time you purchase a Trafford book, or make use of our publishing services. To find out how you are helping, please visit www.trafford.com/responsiblepublishing.html Our mission is to efficiently provide the world’s finest, most comprehensive book publishing service, enabling every author to experience success. To find out how to publish your book, your way, and have it available worldwide, visit us online at www.trafford.com/10510
    [Show full text]
  • The Resilience of Igbo Culture Amidst Christianity and Westernization In
    International Journal of Theology and Reformed Tradition Vol.8 THE RESILIENCE OF IGBO CULTURE AMIDST CHRISTIANITY AND WESTESRNIZATION IN ORLU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF IMO STATE IN NIGERIA Akah Josephine School of General Studies, Humanities Unit University of Nigeria, Nsukka Abstract Prior to the advent of Christianity, Igbo culture was well established among the people of Orlu in Imo state, Nigeria. With the introduction of Christianity, the exposure to new forms of life brought changes to people‟s world views. More than a century after that exposure, if it is necessary to ask: Has the Igbo identity been eroded? The purpose of this study is to account for the resilience of Igbo culture inspite of western cultural influences. Second is to show how Christianity could be an asset in Igbo culture to resist western negative influences. Descriptive and analytic methods were combined for optimal results. Is it right to conclude that with the huge influences from Western (Christian) cultures, the Igbo identity is no more visible? Based on the findings, among the Igbos of southeastern Nigeria, Igbo culture remains the bedrock upon which interpersonal relationships are formed despite incursions of western ideologies. This paper concluded that the Igbos have shown resilience in their identity in a multicultural global world. The paper recommends that values inherent in the various religions to be models for interpersonal relationships rather than projecting ideologies that only arouse tension. Keywords: Culture, Religion, Resilience. Introduction With the introduction of Christianity, western culture advanced unabated. Westernization resulted in the destruction of Igbo culture and imposition of alien “ways of life”.
    [Show full text]
  • Obeah As Conduit in Elizabeth Nunez's When Rocks Dance
    Obeah as Conduit in Elizabeth Nunez’s When Rocks Dance by Janelle Rodriques Janelle Rodriques is a research associate at Bremen University, Germany. Her research interests include Caribbean Literature, Black Atlantic/Diasporic Speculative Fiction, and Afro-syncretic religions. She has previously published in Atlantic Studies, Wasafiri, and the New West India Guide. Abstract When Rocks Dance, Elizabeth Nunez-Harrell’s first novel, centres on the life of Marina Heathrow, daughter of a white cocoa planter and his black concubine, Emilia. Marina is the first of her mother’s nine children to survive, and is the result of Emilia’s supreme sacrifice, in adherence to Igbo/Obeah spiritual beliefs. Marina, having been born with the spirits of her dead brothers inside her, owes her very existence to Obeah, the very thing from which her mother has judiciously protected her. When Marina finds herself pregnant in turn, mother and daughter must reconcile, and the new mother must reconcile herself with Obeah, for the sake of her unborn child. It is through Obeah that both women return to their community, their faith and each other, and it is one of few forms of agency available to them in early twentieth-century Trinidad. In this article, I argue that Obeah operates, in the novel, as a conduit between the spiritual and material, and that which can bring those two planes (back) together. Through the novel’s elaboration of Obeah, the political and psychological disenfranchisement engendered by the colonial encounter, with particular regard to women, is expressed as spiritual trauma, as well as material loss.
    [Show full text]
  • Laligens, Vol.7(1), S/N 15, February, 2018
    33 LALIGENS, VOL.7(1), S/N 15, FEBRUARY, 2018 International Journal of Language, Literature and Gender Studies (LALIGENS), Bahir Dar- Ethiopia VOL. 7(1), S/N 15, FEBRUARY, 2018: 33-40 ISSN: 2225-8604(Print) ISSN 2227-5460 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/laligens.v7i1.4 Uhamiri Deity and Women: A Study of Flora Nwapa’s Efuru and Idu Mohammed, Razinat T., PhD Department of English, University of Maiduguri Email: [email protected] ……………………………………………… Usman, Abubakar, PhD Department of English, University of Maiduguri Email: [email protected] Telephone number: 08065305791 Abstract Research has shown that, amongst the Igbo people of Eastern Nigeria, there is still a strong committal to traditional religious belief in spite of the over one hundred and fifty years of Christianity in the region (Onuh, 1996 and Asoga, 2008). In this regard therefore, it is not surprising that Flora Nwapa presents the Igbo people as having strong beliefs in the activities of deities and spirits in her novels, Efuru and Idu. The female deity, Uhamiri, is depicted in these novels as participating in the day to day activities of the people in the community especially, in the lives of women characters. And since this supernatural goddess is able to participate in the day to day activities of women, she is able to inflict pains through acts of oppression on her subordinate mortals. It is to address this seemingly unlikely but crucial aspect of relationship between female characters and a female deity, that this study pre-occupies itself. Copyright © IAARR, 2007-2018: www.afrrevjo.net/laligens Indexed and Listed in AJOL & EBSCOhost 34 LALIGENS, VOL.7(1), S/N 15, FEBRUARY, 2018 Introduction The belief in deities and spirits is a very important part of most African traditional religious systems.
    [Show full text]
  • The Communicativeness of Incantations in the Traditional Igbo Society
    Vol. 8(7),pp. 63-70, October 2016 DOI: 10.5897/JMCS2016.0512 Article Number: 3ABBDF561047 ISSN: 2141-2545 Journal of Media and Communication Studies Copyright ©2016 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournlas.org/JMCS Full Length Research Paper The communicativeness of incantations in the traditional Igbo society Walter Duru Department of Communication Arts, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria. Received 06 June, 2016; Accepted 19 September, 2016 This paper examines the communicativeness of incantations in the traditional Igbo society. Incantations are given force by oral tradition, a practice whereby the social, political, economic and cultural heritage of the people is communicated by word of mouth from one generation to another. It was the most predominant part of communication in many parts of Africa. Prior to colonialism, the African society, including the Igbo used oral tradition as a veritable tool in information gathering, sharing/dissemination and indeed worship. They lived normal and satisfactory lives, cultivated, built, ate, sang, danced, healed their sick, created and communicated. Incantation is one of the modes of communication in the traditional Igbo society. In an incantation, all words stand for something and are meaningful. Most of the cultural displays of the Igbo society employ incantations in communicating with spirits. While some aspects of the practice may appear fetish and obsolete, several others are purely traditional and, destroying it out-rightly amounts to throwing away a baby with the dirty water. This article traces the effectiveness of incantation as a mode of communication, examines its uses and purposes, while highlighting the implications of allowing it go into extinction.
    [Show full text]
  • The Doctrine of Resurrection and the Challenge of Traditional Igbo (African) Eschatology
    The Doctrine of Resurrection and the Challenge of Traditional Igbo (African) Eschatology von Matthew Maduabuchi Nsomma Anyanwu University of Bamberg 2012 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Informationen sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de/ abrufbar Diese Arbeit hat dem Institut für Katholische Theologie (als Promotionsausschuss der Fakultät Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften der Otto- Friedrich-Universität Bamberg für die Altfälle der ruhenden Katholisch- Theologischen Fakultät) als Dissertation vorgelegen 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Klausnitzer 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Joachim Kügler Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 31. Mai 2011 Dieses Werk ist als freie Onlineversion über den Hochschulschriften-Server (OPUS; http://www.opus- bayern.de/uni-bamberg/) der Universitätsbibliothek Bamberg erreichbar. Kopien und Ausdrucke dürfen nur zum privaten und sonstigen eigenen Gebrauch angefertigt werden. URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:473-opus4-5471 5 Zusammenfassung Die Motivation dieses Buch zu schreiben entspringt den pastoralen Refor- men des II. Vatikanischen Konzils. Eine der Erwartungen dieses Konzils war das Aufscheinen eines "Zweiten Pfingstereignisses", um eine größere und bessere Kirche zu erreichen. Offenheit war eine der Früchte dieses Konzils; die Kirche wurde sensibel für die Werte anderer Religionen zum Vorteil der theologischen Entwicklung. Das bedeutet aber auch, dass jede gegenwärtige Theologie, die die pastoralen Reformen des Konzils für ge- währleistet hält, es riskiert, der wahren Größe des Glaubens Schaden zuzu- fügen. In Erkenntnis der Werte, die in anderen Religionen zu finden sind, behandelt dieses Buch ein Thema im Besonderen, die Frage der Eschatolo- gie. Der Autor versucht, einen christlichen Glaubenssatz - die Auferstehung - aus der traditionellen Igbo-Perspektive Ilo-uwa (Wiedergeburt?) zu defi- nieren.
    [Show full text]
  • And “Dead Men's Path” by Chinua Achebe
    “CHIKE’S SCHOOL DAYS” AND “DEAD MEN’S PATH” BY CHINUA ACHEBE: A PHENOTEXTUALIZATION OF RELIGIONWISE CULTURE SHOCK AND ACHEBE’S EARLY SCHOOLING Fetnani Cecilia Abstract Using Edmond Cros‟s sociocriticism, the article shows that Chinua Achebe‟s “Chike‟s School Days” and “Dead Men‟s Path” are a phenotextualization of religionwise culture shock and Achebe‟s early schooling. First, they encompass the idea that Odinani comes to pieces in a confrontation with Christianity; second, Chike, the protagonist whose Christianized family is at the centre of the cultural and spiritual crisis, is nobody else but Albert Chinualumogu Achebe, “The Ogidi Boy”; third, Achebe‟s untimely enthusiasm for Shakespeare‟s language is implicit in the civilizing and religious clash. In concrete terms, the Igbo traditional religion is rejected and defeated; belonging to a Christian family made up of six offspring, Chike John Obiajulu is Albert Chinualumogu Achebe‟s double christened after the Igbo customary words connected with Christianity; and, as a schoolboy at the schoolhouse of fictionalized Ogidi, Chike/Achebe, who strongly dislikes arithmetic, prematurely shows a passionate interest in stories, songs and in the musicality of English. Keywords: Achebe, Christianity, Cros, culture shock, early schooling, English, Igbo, Odinani, passion, phenotextualization, religionwise, short stories, sociocriticism. Introduction With an oeuvre focusing on the Igbo customs and traditions, the impacts of Christianity, and the conflict between the Occidental and African traditional values in the wake of the advent of colonialism1, Chinua Achebe claims to be a champion of his people‟s cultures and traditions. In his short fictions entitled “Chike‟s School Days” and “Dead Men‟s Path”, two stories excerpted from Girls at War and Other Stories, he not only shows his predilection for the culture clash2 between Europe and Africa, i.e.
    [Show full text]