Index 

Index

Symbols ACK (see acknowledgement) acknowledgement (ACK) 395 [mK]M 521 ACL (see asynchronous connectionless) [mKM] 521 AcPN (see academic PN) 2G (see second generation) active 3APL-M 244 credibility 25 3G (see third generation) element (sensor) 868 commercial deployment 940–946 server page (ASP) 912 mobile technology 632 registry (AR) 438 network 778 Active Bat location system 863 3GPP (see 3rd Generation Partnership Program) rd ad-hoc 693 3 Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) 876 computer network 393, 395, 397 4G (see fourth generation) network 397, 1029 7DS (see seven degrees of separation) on demand distance vector (AODV) 427 802.11 WiFi 90 way 878 A adaptive multi-rate voice codec (AMR) 726 A-GPS (see assisted-GPS) real-time application 24 A/I (see atomicity and isolation) signal processing 356, 620 AAA (see authentication authorization accounting) adaptivity 243 AAC (see augmentative-alternative communication) ADC (see analogue-to-digital converter) academia 365 address notification 25 7 academic PN (AcPN) 1, 7 addressing 882 access 1004 adjacent relationship query 791 control 227 , 832 admission controller 196 discovery 812 ADSL 418 layers 624 advanced network 873 mobile phone system (AMPS) 266 point (AP) 172, 195, 201 video coding (AVC) 672 selection 812 adventure game 929 accessibility 9, 27 advertising 886 accounted attributes 334 service 72, 75 accoustic data channel 15 AeroScout 774

Copyright © 2007, Idea Group Inc., distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI is prohibited.  Index

agent 218, 386, 434, 831 load sensitive anycast routing method (ALSAR) 52 -based inter-tree handover 544 module 342 freeze 431–432 programming interface (API) 250–251, 344, 514, 754 migration pattern 994 server 388, 727 of LSIS 790 service provider (ASP) 1006 platform (AP) 243 system 181 pre-activation 432 tunneling (see also port forwarding) 537, 540 receptionist 431 AR (see augmented reality) transport 431, 433 architecture 899 aggregator 503 -specific pattern 74 5 AGM (see anycast group membership) area key controller (AKC) 834 Agora 436 areas of interest (AoI) 390 AHP (see analytic hierarchy process) ARPU (see average revenue per user) AKC (see area key controller) artificial AKE (see authenticated key exchange) limb 651 alert services 713 neural network 69 allowable operations 950 Asia-Pacific 90 6–911 ALM (see application-level multicast) ASM (see any source multicast) ALN (see application-level networking) ASP (see application service provider) ALSAR (see application load sensitive anycast routing ASR (see automatic speech recognition) method) assertion 59 ambient assisted-GPS (A-GPS) 511, 770 intelligence 243 assistive technology (AT) 352, 356, 403, 616, 620 Wood project 525 associate identification (AID) 102 5 American associating 632 customer satisfaction model (ACSM) 143 asymptotic cost 738 Foundation for the Blind 569 asynchronous AMR (see adaptive multi-rate voice codec) connectionless (ACL) 344 analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) 19, 669 transfer mode (ATM) 142 analysis 791 AT (see assistive technology) analytic hierarchy process (AHP) 12, 28, 183, 376 ATM (see asynchronous transfer mode) angle of arrival (AOA) 511, 942 atomicity and isolation (A/I) 949 animation 672 attributes 60 annotation and metadata 602 audio memo 757 anonymity 840 augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) antenna beamforming 731 352, 356, 574, 616, 620 anthropology 519 augmented reality (AR) 207, 212 anycast authenticated key exchange (AKE) 1021 group membership (AGM) 54 authentication 581, 708, 840–841, 970 open shortest path first (AOSPF) 52 authorization accounting (AAA) 802 any source multicast (ASM) 541, 592, 594 header 255 AOA (see angle of arrival) auto-configuration 25 3 AODV (see ad-hoc on demand distance vector) automated speech recognition (ASR) 646 AoI (see areas of interest) automatic AOSPF (see anycast open shortest path first) parking equipment 403 AP (see access point) profile comparison 25 1 API (see application programming interface) speech recognition (ASR) 677, 1054 application 459, 998 autonomic -level computing system 64 multicast (ALM) 395, 397 manager 64 network (ALN) 397 autonomy 243 networking (ALN) 395 availability, 622 security 801 analysis 238 broker 386 AVATON 387 Index 

average body motion 406 perception 415 control system 403 revenue per user (ARPU) 138 bookmarking 79 bootstrap agent transport 433 B border node 328 backward BP (see baseline profile) handoff 969 BP-Services 84 secrecy 232 , 837 BPSK (see binary-phase-shift keying) Bakhtin 519 Braille 570 bandwidth 124, 268, 459, 489, 627, 805 brain computer interfacing 68–70 probing 788 branching 989 reserved per request 983 break 603 utilization 788 breakout gateway control function (BGCF) 874 banner advertising 636 BREW (see binary runtime environment for wireless) barcode 898 bricks-and-mortar store 312 mobile coupon 643, 888 bridging 1044 baseline profile (BP) 59 2 broadband (BB) 458 base station (BS) 172, 739, 743, 810, 950, 980 broadband wireless access (BWA) 921 basic broadcast 402 object adapter (BOA) 162 communication 399 sign-off 235, 951 environment 159 batching 369 broadcasting 400 baton handover 944 broker pattern 745 Bayesian network (BN) 865–868 browser 78–83 BB (see broadband) -based architecture 646 belief-desire-intention (BDI) 244, 315 phone 476 BGCF (see breakout gateway control function) software 34 bi-directional tunneling 543 browsing 346, 488 binary behaviour 603 -phase-shift keying (BPSK) 273 BS (see base station) runtime environment for wireless (BREW) 309, 503 buffering 970 binding 256, 259 Build-a-PC 323 acknowledgement 259 built-in wireless technology 178 cache 257 business request 258 -to-business (B2B) commerce 33 update (BU) 257–259 -to-consumer (B2C) message 779 commerce 33 biometric environment 334 security 561 logic layer 262 user authentication 841 BWA (see broadband wireless access) Blackberry 572 C blended learning 905 blind 655 CABAC (see context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding) block-based method 890 CAC (see call admission controller) blog 901 cache blogging 905 coherence Bluetooth, 118, 249–250, 272, 341, 394, 488, 507 (see also invalidation strategy) 749, 804–809, 820, 825, 839, 1011 invalidation strategy 104, 107 device address 825 management strategy 107, 159, 854 link 344 replacement 750–751 Network Encapsulation Protocol (BNEP) 805 caching 107, 154, 159, 173–177, 369, 854 BN (see Bayesian network) call BOA (see basic object adapter) admission controller (CAC) 197, 201 board game 929  Index

-down system 394 classification 37 7 session control function (CSCF) 874 CLDC (see connected limited device configuration) caller/cellular authentication and voice encryption CLIC 522 (CAVE) 691 client 219, 388 CAMP (see core-assisted mesh protocol) -server capacity 357 application 260 CAR (see correspondent anycast resopnder) network 954 card emulation 707 site 790 care-of-address (CoA) 53, 255 /server model 397 cargo tracking 660, 907–908 -side handheld Carnival 516–517, 519 computing 302 carrier programming 309 sense (CS) 329 clone 59 medium access with collision avoidance (CSMA-CA) cluster 7 273, 276 gateway 738 sensor multiple access (CSMA) 329 clustered model 948 cartographic data 390, 392 clustering (grouping) 203, 205, 347 cascading style sheet (CSS) 377, 1054 CN (see correspondent node) CAVE (see caller/cellular authentication and voice en- CoA (see care-of-address) cryption) code CAVLC (see context-adaptive variable-length coding) decision multiple access 329 CBSD (see component-based software development) division multiple access (CDMA) 96, 456, 503, 946 CDC (see connected device configuration) mobility 576, 578, 580 CDMA (see code decision multiple access) Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA 2000) 535 CDR (see common data representation) cognitive cell 194, 739, 743 dimensions of notations 14 -ID 770 load 1002 of origin (COO) 511 collaborative cellular learning 901 architecture 1038 signal processing 204–205 phone 895 collection layer 864–865 cloning 688, 691 collision tower 691 avoidance 329 technology 415 scheme 924 cenceptualization 284 combinatorial optimization 683 centralized common spatial information services interfaces (CSISI) P2P 89 790 service provision 880 comma separated value (CSV) 366 central processing unit (CPU) 318, 585 commerce 38 central scheduling common data representation (CDR) 160 configuration message (CSCF) 92 7 communicating message (CSCH) 927 sequential process (CSP) 580 certification authority (CA) 58 2 for Java (JCSP) 576 channel communication 901 allocation 732 availability 234 state information (CSI) 166 cost 230, 238 character distance 1046 agent system 1052 efficiency 83 5 control 1052 network 369 chat 778 community check-out mode 234, 951 of practice (CoP) 529, 532 childcare 660 support 714 cHTML (see compact HTML) Compact Flash (CF) card 770 civic structure 935–936 compact HTML (cHTML) 376 Index 

compatibility 413–414, 418 context test 721 management 800 compensating mode 948 context 7, 118, 398, 402, 716, 722 complements 12 -adaptation 124 complexity 413 -adaptive analysis 738 binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) 592 component variable-length coding (CAVLC) 592 -based software development (CBSD) 58, 61 -aware configurator 74 7 application 137 model 61 computing 510, 769 composite attack 829 network system 138 computation security 800 cost 231 -enabled adaptive service 140 efficiency 83 6 -sensitive tree logic (CTL) 994 profile 25 1 computational resources 877 service logic 141 computed awareness 124, 130, 711 radiographic (CR) 533 information 116 tomographic (CT) 533 metadata 116–118 computer contiguity 517 -based cognitive tool 318, 327 continuity 57 -supported collaborative work (CSCW) 634, 934 continuous query 665 computing system 734 table (CQT) 662 concept match 377 contrast sensitivity functions (CSF) 760 concurrency control 234 control 882 conference list 1030 communication 589 module 354 , 618, 630 signaling 590 plane 873 conferencing service provider 152 controlling PoC function 727 confidence score 33 7 convenience 284, 290, 398 confident 57 3 convergence technology 149–153 confidentiality 58 1, 840 COO (see cell of origin) congestion control 812 cookies 79 connected cooperative device configuration (CDC) 30 5, 980 caching 154, 159 limited device configuration (CLDC) 30 5, 793, 980 data dissemination 750 constrained optimization 683 CoP (see community of practice) construction 519 CORBA® 436 rebroadcast 751 core-assisted mesh protocol (CAMP) 395 consumer 9, 312 corporate social responsibility (CSR) 469 -centric approach 461 correspondent demand 78 anycast responder (CAR) 54 consuming services 72, 75 node (CN) 256–257 content cost concerns 181 -based taxonomy 928 coverage analysis 791 -sharing software 960 CP (see content provider) adaptation 75 CPU (see central processing unit) management 118 CQT (see continuous query table) optimization 788 CR (see computed radiographic) page 366 credibility 25 piracy 534 credit card use 416 provider (CP) 392, 982, 986 Cricket 774 server 388 Location Support System 863 transformation 123 crops management 763  Index

cross-layer protocol engineering 166 DBMS (see database management system) crossing 739 DBN (see dynamic Bayesian network) crossword puzzle 323 DB partition 951 cryptography 831, 979 DCA (see dynamic channel allocation) CS (see carrier sense) DCF (see distributed coordination function) CSCF (see call session control function) decision support 12, 28 CSCH (see central scheduling) decomposition 791 CSCW (see computer-supported collaborative work) Defense Advanced Projects Agency (DARPA) 427 CSISI (see common spatial information services) degrees-of-freedom (DOF) 212, 656 CSMA (see carrier sensor multiple access) delay jitter 24 CSMA-CA (see carrier-sense medium access with colli- delivery context 14, 26, 30, 380 sion avoidance) demodulation 17 CSP (see collaborative signal processing; client/server denial of service (DoS) 534, 839, 1024, 1028 paradigm) Department of Defense 32 CSP (see communicating sequential processes) dependability 233, 800 CSS (see cascading style sheet) description logics (DL) 44, 50, 377 CSV (see comma separated value) Design for All 861 CT (see computed tomographic) desktop PC 3 culture 313 destination options header 255, 258 customer detected attribute 334 priorities 500 detection 204 profiling 9 9 developer 503 service 442, 473 device heterogeneity 75 support 500 dexterous hand 653–654 customization 463, 652 DFSK (see differential FSK) cyclic redundancy code (CRC) 840 DHCP (see dynamic host configuration protocol) DHT (see distributed hash table) D diagonal replication grid (DRG) 234 DAA (see data access agent) dial-up 1023 DAB (see digital audio broadcast) diameter 802 DAD (see duplicate address detection) DICOM (see digital imaging and communications in DARPA (see Defense Advanced Projects Agency) medicine) data different handoff scheme 624 -transfer rate 534 differential access 906 FSK (DFSK) 16 agent (DAA) 947 phase-shift keying (DPSK) 272 and information readiness 484 diffusion 413 attack 828 digital caching 172–177 assistant 246 collecting infrastructure 203–205 audio broadcast (DAB) 455 collection 563 battlefield 66 0 compression 535 cellular phone 475 dupression 121 certificate 43 4, 827, 831 fusion 209, 676, 868 extended broadcast 613 integrity 840 imaging 318 protection protocol 827 and communication in medicine (DICOM) 533, 540 layer 262 ink 679 management 536 literacy 568 sharing 181, 219 radiographic (DR) 533 sources description information (DSDI) 214 technique 942 usefulness 180–181 technology-mediated communication 562 database technology (2G) 999 management system (DBMS) 303, 974 video 671 query system 369 encoding 889 Index 

DII (see dynamic invocation interface) invocation interface (DII) 161 direct routing protocol 425 migration technique 120 skeleton interface (DSI) 162 sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) 273, 276 source routing (DSR) 427 dirt 519 trust relations 798 disability-centered organization 569 weighing 651 discovery 882 dynamically discoverable 878 process 209 discrete cosine transform (DCT) 594, 629 E display 536 e modification 7 9 -commerce (see electronic commerce) module 354, 618 -coupon 299 distance learning (d-learning) 423 -government 581 distraction 517 -learning advancement 419 distributed E-OTD (see enhanced observed time difference) client architecture 646 ease of computing 202, 205 service provisioning 140 system (DCS) 436 use 414, 418 coordination function (DCF) 195 eavesdropping 1024 databank 624 EDGE (see enhanced data rates for global evolution) detection and estimation 204–205 education 633 hash table (DHT) 494, 954, 960 EFR (see enhanced full rate) provision 881 EG (see event grammars) query and search 203–205 EGPRS (see enhanced GPRS) scheduling message (DSCH) 927 electric lock interface 1013 speech recognition (DSR) 645 electronic target tracking 204–205 commerce (e-commerce) 32, 34, 36, 38, 41, 96, tracking environment 209 108, 283, 311, 339, 435, 831, 974 DL (see description logics) learning (e-learning) 423, 525 DMS (see database management system) product code (EPC) 183, 819 dots per inch (dpi) 670 serial number (ESN) 691 DOF (see degrees-of-freedom) service guide 613 dot.com bust 35 wallet 636–637 download 488–489, 707 embedded system 260 DPSK (see differential phase-shift keying) EMMA (see Extensible MultiModal Annotation Markup DR (see digital radiographic) Language) DRG (see diagonal replication grid) employee readiness 485 DSCH (see distributed scheduling) enabled task 1047 DSDI (see data sources description information) encrypted tunnel 1032 DSI (see dynamic skeleton interface) encryption 435 DSR (see dynamic source routing) end-to-end QoS 802 DSSS (see sequence spread spectrum) end user 7 DTMF (see dual tone multiple frequency) energy model 333 dual-slot mobile phone technology 475 enhanced dual tone multiple frequency (DTMF) 1053 data for global evolution (EDGE) 535 duplicate address detection (DAD) 259 full rate (EFR) 726 dynamic GPRS (EGPRS) 726 applications suitability 57 observed time difference (E-OTD) 511 Bayesian network (DBN) 863, 869 enhancement 483 channel allocation (DCA) 944 enterprise content adaptation 624 readiness for mobile ICT 486 environment 877 transformation 486 home agent address discovery 53 entertainment 633 host configuration protocol (DHCP) 88 2 entity 118  Index

entry permit 431 fighting game 92 8 environment financial security 28 5, 290 -specific inter-ORB protocols (ESIOPs) 160 first properties 10 come first served (FCFS) 447 EPC (see electronic product code) generation (1G) game 187 equalization 165 in first out (FIFO) 447 escape from formalism 11 -person shooting (FPS) 929 ESIOP (see environment-specific inter-ORB protocol) fission 645 ESN (see electronic serial number) fixed event 604 infrastructure 738 control action pattern 747 price charging 549, 552 grammars (EG) 208 FL (see foreign link) eventing 882 fleet management 66 0 evictor pattern 746 flexibility 14 9, 435, 831 execution sequence 988 FlexiSPY 557 experienced credibility 25 flooding 39 5 experimental verification 78 7 foreign expertise 13, 25 device 7 explicit 378 link (FL) 256 exploratory factor analysis (EFA) 299 formal learning 532 exposed-terminal problem 168 forward extended profile (XP) 59 2 forward extendible form (XForm) 1056 handoff 969 eXtensible secrecy 232, 837 HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) 376, 1050 forwarder-receiver pattern 745 Markup Language (XML) 89, 142, 376, 456, 675, forwarding zone 395 912, 1050 fourth generation (4G) 733 MultiModal Annotation Markup Language (EMMA) game 187 1052, 1056 mobile system 682 extensible fragment header 255 authentication protocol (EAP) 1031 frame rate 24 extension header 254 framework model 370 eye tracker (ET) 677 FreeTV 611 frequency F -hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) 272, 276 facade pattern 746 division FAR (see furthest away replacement) duplex (FDD) 940 fast multiple access (FDMA) 329 fourier transform (FFT) 16, 19 resolution 19 learning 526 response 19 fault tolerance (FT) 537, 622, 925 shift keying (FSK) 16–19 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 769 Fresnel Zone 1028 FCFS (see first come first serve) FSK (see frequency shift keying) FDD (see frequency division duplex) FT (see fault tolerance) FDDI (see fiber distributed data interface) full function device (FFD) 273 FDMA (see frequency division multiple access) functional module 303 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 569 furthest away replacement (FAR) 740 federated identity management 876 fusion 645 FFD (see full function device) layer 864–865 FFT (see fast fourier transform) future prosecution 978 FHSS (see frequency-hopping spread spectrum) fuzzy fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) 14 2 expert system 763 FIFO (see first in first out) logic 763 Index 

G satellite 327, 739 system (GPS) 125, 130, 137, 203, 394– GALILEO 770 395, 462, 511, 637, 662, 769, 856, 885, 898, GAMA (see generic adaptive mobile agent) 907, 1024 gambling 488, 554 spatial information services (GSIS) 790 gamer 928 system gaming 294, 914 for mobile communication (GSM) 194, 356, 456, 47 gaming 6, 515, 620, 726 GAP (see generic access profile) transaction (GT) 948 gate of the logical network 53 coordinator (GTC) 949 gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) 874 manager (GTM) 949 Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK) 272 GOEXP (see generic object exchange profile) gaze tracking (GT) 677 GOS (see grade of service) GDBS (see global database system) GOVOREC 573 GDM (see generative domain model) GPRS (see general packet radio service) gender 296–301 GPS (see global positioning system) general grade of service (GOS) 446 design pattern 745 graphic interchange format (GIF) 670 inter-ORB protocol (GIOP) 160, 164 graphics 671 message format 430 GRI (see geo-referenced information) packet radio service (GPRS) 142, 194, 503, 505, Grid 510, 515, 726 index information service (GIIS) 437 generative domain model (GDM) 208 information resource service (GRIS) 437 generic grid service 77 access profile (GAP) 344 group adaptive mobile agent (GAMA) 717 communication 227 log adapter (GLA) 64 key genetic algorithm (GA) 339, 349 management algorithm 228, 833–834, 834 geo-referenced information (GRI) 213 server (GKS) 228 geocast 393, 395, 397 GSM (see global system for mobile communication) geocasting-limited flooding 39 5–396 GSIS (see global spatial information services) 790 geographical GT (see global transaction) content database 388 GTC (see global transaction coordinator) database 385 GTM (see global transaction manager) geographic information system (GIS) 129, 137, 219, guest 998 856, 907 Geography Markup Language (GML) 134, 137 H geolocation information 773 geometric models 857 HA (see home address) gesture recognition (GR) 677 HA (see home agent) GFSK (see Gaussian frequency shift keying) hacker 561, 1023, 1029 GGSN (see gateway GPRS support node) hand GIOP (see general inter-ORB protocol) controller 654 GIS (see geographic information system) handheld 611 GKS (see group key server) computing 309 global device 908 cache firewall 84 0 hit 155 terminal (HHT) 894 miss 155 handoff 230, 621, 834, 837 computing environment 57 user database system (GDBS) 948 list 230 mobile system (GSM) 504–509 handover 967 optimization 683 hands-free 675 positioning accessory 571 handwriting recognition (HR) 646, 677, 755 10 Index

harmonic distortion 19 interface 313, 403 hash function 1021 -machine interaction 651–659 attack 688 behavior 652 hashing 961, 965 interfacing 804 HCI (see human-computer interaction) properties 9 head controller 656 visual system (HVS) 760 headhunter (HH) 438 hybrid health promotion 634 coupling 810 healthcare 504 data dissemination 749 challenge 1010 intelligent system (HIS) 763 organization 1004 model 857 hearing accessories 571 mobile device 138 helper application 625 P2P 89 heterogeneous Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML) 456 device 387 HyperLan 805 multimedia network 796 hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) 376, 1023 wireless technologies 796 HHT (see handheld terminal) I hidden-terminal problem 168 i-menu 296 hierarchical structure (see also tree structure) 832 i-mode 643, 871, 888, high ICT (see information and communication technology) -end ID (see identification number) consumer device 978 card 477 device 305 identification 43 0 -featured mobile phone device 4 number (ID) 826 available server cluster 537 identity histogram 890 management 798 HL (see home link) vector 967 HLS (see homeland security) IDL (see Interface Definition Language) HN (see home network) IDT (see innovation diffusion theory) home IGO (interactive graphing object) 322 address (HA) 53, 256–257 iGrocer 312 agent (HA) 53, 256 image 414, 418 link (HL) 256 layer 389 location agent 969 resolution 535 network (HN) 53 transmission 535 PoC server 727 imaging 670 subscriber server (HSS) 874 IMC (see integrated marketign communications) homeland security (HLS) 393 IMEI (see international mobile equipment identifier) 69 2 hop-by-hop options header 254 immutability 522 horizontal implementation 829 handover 967 neutrality 878 interaction 165 improved mobile telephone system (IMTS) 266 mobile business 442 IMS (see interactive multimedia system) host 998 IMS (see IP multimedia subsystem) auto-configuration 5 3 incentive-based marketing 934 hotspot 44 inconsistency ratio (IR) 180 HSS (see home subscriber server) incremental evaluation 665 HTML 671 individual view 935 HTTP (see hypertext transfer protocol) indoor human navigation ontology (INO) 858 -centered LBS 856 positioning 859, 861 -computer spatial model 859 interaction (HCI) 68, 676, 935 informal learning 532 Index 11

information interactivity 928 and communication technology (ICT) 33, 319, 466, 4 interface 81, 516, 519, 563, 568 category 498 availability requirement 191 repository (IR) 162 security requirement 191 Interface Definition Language (IDL) 16 0, 164 services 789, 795 international technology (IT) 283, 466 law 393 infotainment 593 mobile equipment identifier (IMEI) 69 2 infrastructural pattern 745 International Telecommunication Union—Telecommuni- infrastructure cation Standardization Sector (ITU-T) 594 element 869 Internet 78, 298, 489, 507, 553, 612 sensor 865 -based learning 419 initial link 87 -enabled mobile handset 639 initialization vector (IV) 1022 inter-ORB protocol (IIOP) 164 initializing vector (IV) 1030 packet exchange (IPX) 1023 Ink Markup Language (InkML) 1053, 1056 protocol (IP) 51, 504, 537, 700 InkML (see Ink Markup Language) -based innovation-diffusion theory 33 network 20 innovation diffusion theory (IDT) 33, 894 wireless communication system 730 innovativeness 413 -multicast 394 INO (see indoor navigation ontology) 858 multimedia subsystem (IMS) 138, 724, 801–802 input module 353 service provider (ISP) 35 inspection 12, 28 technology 416 input module 617 usage 78–79 instantaneity 517 interoperability 149, 463 instant messaging (IM) 488, 778, 967 interoperable object reference (IOR) 160 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) interpersonal communication 291 252 intuitively-correct 857 intangible 327 invalidation integrated report (IR) 107 marketing communications (IMC) 885 strategy (see also cache coherence) 849 service digital network (ISDN) 142, 504, 533 inventory 908 integration manager 645 inverse replication (IR) 964 integrity 581 involvement 284, 290 intelligent IOR (see interoperable object reference) agent 561, 1000 IP (see Internet protocol) decision support system (IDSS) 386 address 253, 980 LBS 856 mobility 253 sensory system 653 iPod 365, 489 inter IPv4 253 -provider relationship 798 IPv6 253 -symbol interference (ISI) 940 IR (see inconsistency ratio) interaction IR (see interface repository) manager 644 IR (see invalidation report) services 789, 795 IR (see inverse replication) trajectory 935–936 ISDN (see integrated services digital network) interactive 398 ISI (see inter-symbol interference) catalog 345 itinerary attack 828 graphing object (IGO) 322 ITU-T (see International Telecommunication Union— multimedia system (IMS) 341–344 Telecommunication Standardization Sector) 594 presentation 1052 iTunes 78 TV (iTV) 633 iTV (see interactive TV) voice response (IVR) 1054 IVR (see interactive voice response) 12 Index

J KQML (see Knowledge Query and Manipulation Lan- guage) J2ME (see Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition) KSACI 245 Java KT (see kangaroo transaction) media framework (JMF) 915 virtual machine (JVM) 914 L Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME) 193–194, 269, 309, 367–368, 503, 667, 668, 795 L2CAP (see logical link control and adaptation protocol) security model in its standard edition (J2SE) 979 lab information system (LIS) 1005 JCSP (see communicating sequential processes for Java) LAN (see local area network) JD (see joint detection) laptop 3, 476, 576, 754, 757, 1011 jini 77, 882 large mobile host (LMH) 950 Joey transaction (JT) 948 lateration 394 joint detection (JD) 940 lazy acquisition pattern 746 Joint Video Team (JVT) 594 LBM (see location-based multicast) JPEG 670 LBS (see location-based service) JPEG2000 670 LCR (see low chip rate) JT (see Joey transaction) 948 LDD (see location-dependent data) just-in-time learning 526, 905 LDIS (see location-dependent information services) JVT (see Joint Video Team) LDQ (see location-dependent query) leadership readiness 485 K LEAP 244 learning 318, 900 k management system (LMS) 318, 423 -nearest neighbor (k-NN) 660–665 support 900 -NN (see k-nearest neighbor) 660–661 leasing pattern 746 -shortest paths least problem 861 frequently used (LFU) 746 searching algorithm 859 recently used (LRU) 135, 740, 746 Kalman filter 21 2 risk path 857 kangaroo transaction (KT) 947 leaving 835 KDC (see key distributor center) legal context 26 Keitai 296 legality 27 KEK (see key encyption key) liberty alliance 803 kernel 342 LIGLO (see location-independent global names lookup) key limited attack 828 connectivity 713 distributor center (KDC) 832 ergonomics 713 encryption key (KEK) 227, 232, 832–833, 838 resources 399, 713 healthcare system input 1010 usability 399 management 1020 link algorithm 232, 838 manager protocol (LMP) 272 mapping 961 server 476 seed negotiation protocol 826 Linux 366–368, 895 keyword-based language 370 liquid crystal display (LCD) 533, 536 killer application 856 LIS (see lab information systems) Kismet 1024 literacy 568 KMS (see knowledge management system) live streaming 778 knowledge LKH (see logical key hierarchy) management system (KMS) 376 LMCDS (see location-based multimedia content delivery readiness 485 system) representation 380 LMDS (see local multipoint distribution system) worker 773 LMH (see large mobile host) Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language (KQML) LMP (see link manager protocol) 429 Index 13

LMS (see learning management system) pattern 746 load balancing 53, 925 server 882 local loose coupling 359, 810, 878 area network (LAN) 78, 172, 253, 533, 627 LORE (see location operating reference model) cache hit 155 low information services 53 -end consumer device 978 multipoint distribution system (LMDS) 455 chip rate (LCR) 940 spatial information service (LSIS) 790 loyalty 906 spread LRU (see least recently used) inverse replication (LSIR) 964 LSIR (see local spread inverse replication) 964 replication (LSR) 964 LSIS (see location spatial information service) 790 transaction (LT) 948 LSR (see local spread replication) 964 wireless interface (LWI) 15 LT (see local transaction) 948 Locales LWI (see local wireless interface) Foundation 935 Framework 934 M localization 203, 205, 525 m location 118, 863 -advertising (see mobile advertising) -aware -commerce 345–351 application 863 device (MCD) 38 content provision 856 -commerce (see mobile commerce) multicast 395 -health 1010 system 526 -learning 318 -based -payment (see mobile payment) 714 game service 660 m[KM] 521 multicast (LBM) 395 MAC (see medium access control) multimedia content delivery system (LMCDS) MAC (see mobile agent communication) 381, 386 Macromedia Flash 672 service (LBS) 129, 137, 392, 393, 396, MADGIS (see mobile agent-based distributed geographic 402, 461, 510, 515, 660, 665, 773– information system) 777, 789, 795, 885, 1042 MAE (see mobile agent environment) -dependent magnetic resonance (MR) 533 cache invalidation 105–107 MAI (see motion adaptive indexing) data MAI (see multiple access interference) data (LDD) 393, 739 main profile (MP) 59 2 information service (LDIS) 743 malevolent hackin 534 query (LDQ) 739, 743, 854 malicious software 581 processing 394 MAM (see mobile agent manager) -independent global names lookup (LIGLO) 85 man -tracking application 561 -in-the-middle attack 1025, 1028, 1031 estimation system 864 -machine interface 403–412 inference queries 867 MAN (see mobile agent naming) of service 983 management message modified 19 6 operating reference model (LORE) 394 manager 644–645 server 388–389 MANET (see mobile ad-hoc network) logical maneuverability 41 key manufacturing logistics 896 hierarchy (LKH) 227, 232, 835–838 mapping 723 structure 228, 833 candidate 721 link control and adaptation protocol (L2CAP) 272 MAR (see mobile AR) logistics 895, 898 MARI (see multi-attribute resource intermediary) long-term shared key 1021 marketing 99–100 longevity 522 literature 934 lookup MAS (see mobile agent security) 14 Index

massively multi-player online game (MMOG) 929 MIDI (see musical instrument digital interface) MAT (see mobile agent transportation) middleware pattern 745 maturity 41 MIDlets 979 maximum transmission unit (MTU) 805 MIDP (see mobile information device profile) MBR (see minimum bounding rectangle) migration 119, 988, 998 MC (see mobile client) design pattern 987 MCOP (see multi-constrained optimal-path problem) migration MCU (see multipoint control unit) MIMO (see multiple-input multiple-output) mean square error (MSE) 758 MIN (see mobile identification number) MEC (see mobile electronic commerce) MIND (see mobile IP-based network development) media minimum bounding rectangle (MBR) 740 access controller (MAC) 201 MIS (see mobile information system) gateway (MGW) 874 MLBG (see mobile location-based game) gateway control function (MGCF) 874 mLMS (see mobile learning management system) object 390 MMA (see mobile mote agent) player 757 MMD (see multimedia domain) resource function MMDBS (see mobile multi-database system) controller (MRFC) 874 MMDS (see microwave multipoint distribution system) processor (MRFP) 874 MN (see mobile node) processing 386 MNC (see multinational corporation) support module 981 MNO (see mobile network operator) synchronization 1052 MobiAgent 245 mediator 312 MOBIDIS1 1046 medical science 1004 Mobile medical sensor 504 Entertainment Forum (MEF) 487 medium access control (MAC) 150, 272, 276, 329, 921 Magnifier 57 0 member mobile join 228, 834 access 25 leaving 834 accessibility 14 memory ad-hoc network (MANET) 395, 399, 402, 424, 427, -limited mobile device 260–264 492, 734, 749–753, 803, 925, 950 card 839 advertising (m-advertising) 398, 402 mental context 116 (see also wireless advertising, mobile marketing) mesh agent (MA) 218–219, 439, 580, 717, 723, 994, 1001 base station (mesh BS) 921 -based distributed geographic information system BS (see mesh base station) 921 (MADGIS) 213, 219 network 981 migration design pattern 987 message communication (MAC) 216 authentication code (MAC) 840, 1021 environment (MAE) 214, 219 latency 192 manager (MAM) 216 Message F (Free) 635, 638 naming (MAN) 216 meta-repository (MR) 438 security (MAS) 216 metrics 12, 28 transportation (MAT) 216 metropolitan area network (MAN) 839 and wireless terminals (MWTs) 711 MGCF (see media gateway control function) application 9, 375, 744 MGW (see media gateway) 874 AR (MAR) 207 MH (see mobile host) authorization 15 micro banner advertising 638 -contractor 519 billing 547, 552 -payment 33, 460 broadband 870 microcontroller (MCU) 1011 wireless access (Mobile-Fi) 733 microelectronics 877 business (m-business) 442 Microsoft mobile Internet toolkit (MMIT) 912 calendar 442 microwave multipoint distribution system (MMDS) 455 channel 577, 580 Index 15

chat 251 marketplace (m-marketplace) 50 client (MC) 190, 194, 745–746 module 1012 commerce (m-commerce) 15, 32–37, 38–42, 96, 283, mote agent (MMA) 328, 330, 333 290, 311, 429, 435, 455, 461–465, 472, 480, multi-database system (MMDBS) 949 547, 552, 933 multicast 541–546, 592 communication 393, 589, 700 network computing 61, 78, 93, 169, 266, 291, 854, 986 node (MN) 800 and commerce 466–471 operator (MNO) 547, 714 environment 849 technology 497 conferencing support 591 virtual operator (MVNO) 876 content provider 552 node (MN) 53, 255–257 controls 912–920 object table (MOT) 663 cooperative caching 750 payment (m-payment) 548, 552, 714, 716 convergence 138 service 706–710 credibility 26 phone 557, 569–575, 644, 999–1000, 1011 data gambling 553–556 communication 399 human-interface system 617 terminal (MDT) 907 texting 568 device 71, 77, 1043 positioning 515 e-mail 442 process 580 electronic commerce (MEC) 414, 974 query processing 855 entertainment 487–491, 669–674 resource 14 robotic system 403–412 environment 107, 159, 850, 1021 service 716 game 185–189, 928–932 provider 143–148 development 497 station (MS) 150 industry 930 support gaming 497 station (MSS) 190, 194, 749 GIS 134 system 102 health (m-health) 504 system 369 healthcare telephone 318 business model 1010 television (mobileTV) 611–615 delivery model 1010 terminal 399, 456, 789, 795 delivery system (MHDS) 505 ticketing (m-ticketing) 714 host (MH) 102, 749 transaction 948 hunter 510, 515 manager (MTM) 948 ICT 486 user 393 identification number (MIN) 69 1–692 virtual information community (MVC) 632, 634 device profile (MIDP) 30 5, 420, 793, 980 network operator (MVNO) 548 system (MIS) 190, 194 Web 9 Internet 213, 296–301, 460 engineering 14, 30 access 785 MOBIlearn 528, 532 IP 1042 Mobile Speak 570 -based network development (MIND) 733 mobility 73, 243, 318, 461, 525, 576, 632, 644– knowledge management (mKM) 520–524 650, 769, 906 learning (m-learning) 318, 327, 423, 525–527, 528, management 426, 590, 731 899 services 789, 795 management system (mLMS) 420 mobilization 482 location-based game (MLBG) 510, 515 Mobitip 311 lotteries 553 modern digital communications technology 562 mail advertising 636 modification score 33 6 marketing 96–101 modular system 196 (see also mobile advertising, wireless advertising) modulation 276 16 Index

monitoring 660 multimodal and discovery service (MDS) 437 service 1050 Morse code 352, 356, 616, 620 user interface 644–650 MOSPF (see multicast open shortest path first) presentation 389 MOT (see mobile object table) multimediality 675 motion Multimodal Presentation Markup Language 1052, 1056 adaptive indexing (MAI) 661 for Virtual Reality (MPML-VR) 1052 sensitive bounding boxes (MSB) 661 with Character Agent Control in Flash Medium Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) 594 (MPML-FLASH) 1052 moving object 665 multimodal 604 MP (see main profile) access 602 MP3 player 4, 365 multimodality 675–681 MPEG (see Moving Picture Experts Group) multinational MPML-FLASH (see Multimodal Presentation Markup companies database 886 Language with Character Agent Control in Flash corporation 886 Medium) corporation (MNC) 934 MPML-VR (see Multimodal Presentation Markup Lan- multiple guage for Virtual Reality) -input multiple-output (MIMO) 701 MPML (see Multimodal Presentation Markup Language) access interference (MAI) 940, 946 MRFC (see media resource function conroller) MRFP (see media resource function processor) multipoint control unit (MCU) 590 MR (see magnetic resonance) Mummy 520 MSB (see motion sensitive bounding boxes) musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) 15, 19 MSS (see mobile support station) music download 488 MTM (see mobile transaction manager) mutuality 935–936 MUD (see multi-user joint detection) MVC (see mobile virtual community) multi MVNO (see mobile network virtual operator) -agent system (MAS) 383, 386 MWT (see mobile and wireless terminal) -attribute resource intermediary (MARI) 335 MySpace 960 -constrained optimal-path problem (MCOP) 981 -database system 947 N -hop routing 1035 naming pattern 746 -layer NAL (see network abstraction layer) -based taxonomy 929 narratives 928 mobility 966–973 narrowband (NB) 458 -objective optimization 683 national law 393 -user joint detection (MUD) 940, 943–946 navigation 861 -media messaging (MMS) 116 algorithm 857 multicast 227, 232, 393–397, 397, 541–546, 838 context 857 listener 542 preferences 858 open shortest path first (MOSPF) 395 service 859 routing protocol 397 system 125 technology 393 NB (see narrowband) multifunctional handheld device 497 NCFG (see network configuration) multihop communication 427 NCT (see network connectivity table) multimedia 392, 757, 870, 986 near -capable 398 -far problem 168 content -real-time balance management 874 database 388 Near Field Communication (NFC) 706 server 390 negative update 665 data 24 negotiation of bid 983 domain (MMD) 873, 876 neighbor info presentation 389 discovery and management 203, 206 message service (MMS) 252, 669, 756–757, 840 link 87 Index 17

unreachability detection (NUD) 259 oblette 532 neighboring cell 743 OBU (see on board unit) NENT (see network entry) occurrence graph 995 network 392, 981, 986 OFDM (see orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) -centric off design viewpoint 873 -line customer 35 model 874 -the-shelf (OTS) 61 -level multicast (NLM) 394 offset-quadrature phase-shift keying (OQPSK) 273 abstraction layer (NAL) 592–595 old learning 319 configuration message (NCFG) 92 7 on connectivity table (NCT) 662 -demand entry message (NENT) 927 board unit (OBU) 894, 898 frame 927 environment 159 infrastructure 6, 387 learning 525 security requirement 191 online community 632, 634 topology 986 ontology 723, 862 survivability requirement 191 session 727 networkability 186 one-time two-factor authentication 533, 540 networking 207 online neutral data format 75 betting 553 new learning 319, 327 gambling 553 next generation 472 merchant 311 network (NGN) 142, 796, 803 shopping 283, 290 NGN (see next generation network) ONS (see object name service) Ninja secure service discovery service (SSDS) 436 ontology 50, 339, 380 NLM (see network-level multicast) universally unique identifier (OUUID) 4 4 NLOS (see non-line-of-sight) open node 330, 580 coupling 358 mobility 172 system noise 348 interconnect (OSI) 165 threshold 348–349 system nomadic user 576, 589, 591, 595 model 1030 non -deterministic polynomial time (NP) 733 Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) 463, 613 -formal learning 532 operational system (OS) 344 -line-of-sight (NLOS) 921 operating system (OS) 765, 895, 898, 998 -linear navigation 599 opportunistic -quantifiable attributes 33 4 communication 165 -renewable resource 763 exploration 345 -vital 951 scheduling (OS) 165–171 notification service (NS) 71 1, 716 opt NS (see notification service) -in 643 NUD (see neighbor unreachability detection) -out 643 optical character recognition (OCR) 667–668 O optimization 791 OASIS (see Organization for Advancement of Structured optimized lifetime 725 Information Standards) options model 39 Object Management Group (OMG) 1002 OQPSK (see offset-quadrature phase-shift keying) ORB (see object request broker) object 604 organizational security 1011 adapter 164 Organization for the Advancement of Structured Informa- name service (ONS) 178, 183 tion Standards (OASIS) 876 -oriented Petri net 994 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) request broker (ORB) 160, 164 682, 701 18 Index

OS (see operating system) PDU (see protocol description unit) OS (see operational system) peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) 758 ontology-based context model 718 pedagogy 532 ontology repository 860 peer-to-peer (P2P) 2, 84, 89, 159, 395, 397 OTS (see off-the-shelf) architecture 108 OTTFA (see one-time two-factor authentication) communication 165 OUUID (see ontology universally unique identifier) computing 233, 492, 693, 734 overlay network 738, 965 financial transaction 10 8 OWL (see Web Ontology Language) networking 357 pen P -based interface 754 P-CSCF discovery 779 computing 757 P-PAN (see private personal area network) penetration rates 398 P2P (see peer-to-peer) PEP (see performance enhancing proxy) packet perceived data protocol (PDP) 813 knowledge 25 loss rate 22–24 quality of service (PQoS) 758 radio network 427 switching cost 145 routing 257 perceptual navigation rules 858 transmission 198 performance 27 Palm OS 304, 309 comparison 239 Cobalt 304 discussion 230 Garnet 304 enhancing proxy (PEP) 785, 788 palm pad computer 476 permission-based marketing 934 palmtop 757 personal PAN (see personal area network) area network 507, 1011 paradigm shift 860 area network (PAN) 1, 7, 252 parameterized query 602 computer (PC) 79, 141 Parlay X 876 context 711 partial device 7 global device assistant (PDA) 265 indexing (PGI) 742–743 digital assistant (PDA) 10, 38, 79, 138, 154, 172, 2 serialization graph (PGSG) 949 50, 260, 317, 368, 375, 443, 461, 505, 511, 5 participant 899 25, 581, 711, 757, 907, 974, 980, 996, 1011, passive 1015, 1050 attack 1024 phone 894 credibility 25 information management (PIM) 249–252, 757 distributed indexing 492 network (PN) 1, 8 password 841 trusted device (PTD) 581 path virtual environment (PVLE) 530 -searching algorithm 857 personality 243 -selection rules 858 personalization 31, 380, 398, 463, 525 optimization 986 pervasive pattern 744–748 computing (PC) 57, 61, 71, 276, 320, 621, 863, extraction 673 869, 877–878, 884, 956 recognition 394 location-aware computing environments (PLACE) 661 PayTV 611 pest PC-based online survey 640 activity 763 PC (see personal computer) control 763 PC (see pervasive computing) 956 management 763 PCI (see perceived characteristics of innovating) Petri Net 987 PDA (see personal digital assistant) PGI (see partial global indexing) 743 PDF (see policy decision function) 874 PGSG (see partial global serialization graph) 949 physical Index 19

context 116 positive update 665 navigation rules 858 power network 738 control 731 space 774 management 1035 Physical Markup Language (PML) 183, 819 pre PIA-SM (see protocol independent anycast - sparse mode) -committed transaction 696 piconet 50, 804, 825 -generation (Pre-G) 187 picture download 489 -processing of raw data 865 pilot -roaming notification 43 2 aliasing 692 -serialization transaction management model 949 attack 689 premium fee charging 549, 552 study 641 presence 1042 PIM (see personal information management) phone 894 presentation layer 262 PIM-SM (see protocol independent multicast-sparse presenting 882 mode) presumed credibility 25 PIN 841 preview clip 604 -code 477 price tolerance 145–146 pixel-based method 890 primary notation 11 PKI SIM card 840 printer 4 PLACE (see pervasive location-aware computing envi- privacy 75, 117, 399, 462–463, 477, 773–777, 1002 ronments) (see also security) planar structure 822, 825 concerns 713 planned disconnection mode 951 private platform-based taxonomy 929 personal area network (P-PAN) 7 play 604 space 557 PML (see Physical Markup Language) pro-motion model 949 PMP (see existing point-to-point multipoint) proactivity 243 PN (see personal network) process readiness 484 POA (see portable object adapter) processing kernel 1013 PoC session identifier 72 7 procurement activity 896 Pocket PC 304 producer 9 PoI (see points of interest) product point brokering 340 -to- catalog 345 multipoint (PMP) 921 manager 393 point IP traffic 57 6 productivity 443, 473, 839, 906 of sale (POS) 706, 907 profile information 25 1 points of interest (PoI) 390 profiling 9 9 policy decision function (PDF) 874 programming languages 915 porosity 517 propitient multi-agent system 957 portability 27, 186 protocol 435, 831 portable data unit (PDU) 584 /mobile device 626 description unit (PDU) 352 computing 195 independent media center 305 anycast - sparse mode (PIA-SM) 52 network graphics (PNG) 670 multicast-sparse mode (PIM-SM) 395 object adapter (POA) 162 of use 59 sensor 865 proximity 117, 394 port forwarding 540 proxy 77, 235, 626 (see also application tunneling) pseudo-transaction 236 position-aware mobile device 561 PSTN (see public switched telephone network) positioning 869 public 702 method 386 -switched telephone network (PSTN) 139, 142 20 Index

key access 701 infrastructure (PKI) 581–588 network (RAN) 361 interface SIM (PKI SIM) 840 technology (RAT) 149, 810 regulation 886 frequency (RF) 942 space 557 identification (RFID) 17 8, 183, 507, 819, 856, 864 publisher 503 network design 946 -subscriber pattern 745 resource management (RRM) 425, 729 pull 400, 402, 879 radiology information systems (RIS) 1005 -based RAID (see redundant array of inexpensive disks) environment 107, 749 RAM (see random access memory) service provision 880 random -type advertising 635 access memory (RAM) 163 model 98 network 983 pure P2P 89 range push 400, 402, 879 -incline finder 65 3 -based -inclination tracer 406 environment 107, 749 query 665 service provision 879 rapid -to-talk over cellular (PoC) 724 development 102 -type advertising 635 prototyping 291 message 716 raster data processing engine 389 messaging service 643, 888 RDF (see resource descriptiopn framework) model 98 reachability 398 PVLE (see personal virtual environment) reactivity 243 read one write all (ROWA) 234 Q real-time QFD (see quality function deployment) protocol (RTP) 726 QI (see query interface) requirement 589 QoS (see quality of service) strategy (RTS) 186 quadriplegic 403 tracing 791 quality 14, 31, 758–762, 1004 traffic 62 6 attributes 11, 27 management 622 function deployment (QFD) 12, 28, 376 transfer protocol (RTP) 263 of service (QoS) 1, 140, 149–150, 195, 201, 207, 37 transport protocol (RTP) 595 9, 425, 621, 624, 627, 701, 729, 746, 778, 80 Real Audio 265 3, 804–809, 906, 923, 982, 1042 reasoning 862 routing 986 received signal strength (RSS) 863 score 860 recognition algorithm 17 quantifiable attribute 33 4 recognizer parameters 18 queries generated summary 604 recommender system 345 query recommending agent 109 decomposer and coordinator 790 recycling logistics 896 interface (QI) 214 redefinition 48 3 language 369 redirection 1025 lifetime 738 reduced function device (RFD) 273 processing 851 redundant queue manager 197 array of inexpensive (or identical) disks (RAID) 540 queuing 739 array of inexpensive disks (RAID) 533 recoding 11 R reflection 6 0, 164 R&D (see research and development) rehabilitation robotics 653 RA (see router advertisement) rekey 834 RADAR 774 relative advantage 413–414, 418 radio relaxed check-out mode 951 Index 21

reliability 27 S remote authentication dial-in user service (RADIUS) 803 S-MAC (see sensor MAC) control object 882 SA (see signal attenuation) subscription 543 SAFE (see secure roaming agent for e-commerce) replication 965 sales logistics 896 reputed credibility 25 SALT (see speech application language tags) 1053 research and development (R&D) 700 SAML (see Security Assertion Markup Language) reshapement 483 sampling frequency 19 resource satellite 508 description framework (RDF) 377 -based augmentation systems (SBAS) 771 management scheme 812 communication 907 readiness 485 scalability 925 response rate 640 scalable results demonstrability 414, 418 vector graphics (SVG) 376, 671, 1050, 1056 retransmission timeout (RTO) 785, 788 video coding (SVC) 591–592, 595 returning mobile agent 579 scatternet 276, 825 RF (see radio frequency) Scavenger Hunt (SH) 292 RFD (see reduced function device) scene analysis 394 RFID (see radio frequency identification) schedule frame 927 ring structure 822, 825 scheduler 197 RIS (see radiology information systems) SCO (see synchronous connection oriented) risk 109, 857 SCP (see servers/client paradigm) set 111 SDAP (see service discovery application profile) riskiness value 110 SDDB (see service discovery database) roaming permit 431 SDK (see software development kit) robust security network 1032 SDK (see software development toolkits) robustness 27 SDMA (space division multiple access) 944 rogue wireless gateway 1028 SDP (see service delivery platform) 870 role playing game 186, 928 SDP (see service discovery protocol) round-trip time (RTT) 785, 788 SDP (see session description protocol) route SDP (see sophisticated service discovery protocol) analysis 791 secondary notation 11 optimization 253–259 second generation (2G) 456 router mobile telephony 503 advertisement (RA) 256–257 wireless system 96 discovery 255, 257 secure solicitation 255, 257 authorization 800 routing 394, 807, 965 multimedia service access 799 algorithm 859 roaming agent for e-commerce (SAFE) 429 header 254 service discovery 799 identification 80 7 shell (SSH) 842 mechanism 732 socket layer (SSL) 383 metrics 925 security 6, 75, 109, 192, 313, 426, 435, 462, 477, overhead 925 505, 624, 633, 831, 839–848, 968, 1002, ROWA (see read one write all) 1011, 1022–1027 RRM (see radio resource management) (see also privacy) RSS (see received signal strength) analysis 828 RTO (see retransmission timeout) policy 1028 RTP (see real-time protocol) Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) 378, RTP (see real-time transfer protocol) 872, 876 RTP (see real-time transport protocol) segment 604 RTT (see round-trip time) segmentation and reassembly (SAR) 805 running task 1047 self-independence 569 22 Index

semantic application profile (SDAP) 34 4 caching 850, 855 database (SDDB) 882 distance 43 protocol (SDP) 50, 272 interpretation (SI) 1054 level agreement (SLA) 383 knowledge engineering 860 location protocol (SLP) 43 layer 43 manager (SM) 799, 803 location-based services 857 plane 873 matchmaking 50 provider (SP) 714, 878, 884, 982 service discovery 44 redundancy 53 Semantic Web 14, 31, 375, 380, 856, 862 registry 878, 884 Rule Language (SWRL) 858 relationship management (SRM) 873 semantics 377 services semiotic composer 86 level 11, 27 deployer 86 tool 327 discovery engine 86 semiotics 14, 31, 380 session sending window 788 description protocol (SDP) 590 sensing layer 865 initialization sensor 125, 1035 key (SIK) 1021 data 126 protocol 590 fusion 126 initiation protocol (SIP) 140–142, 595, 803, 873, 966 information fusion 863 key 1021 layer 864 mobility 967 MAC (S-MAC) 328 SGML (see Standard Generalized Markup Language) model 1034 shared key authentication 1030 network 276 shooting Game 929 sensory system 651, 653 short serializability 233 message service (SMS) 32, 194, 252, 456, 526, 568 , sequence diagram 716 643, 666, 668, 726, 755, 757, 840, 885, 933 serial port profile (SPP) 34 4, 1014 sound file 67 0 Series 60 249 shot boundary detection 889–893, 890 server 219 SI (see semantic interpretation) /client paradigm (SCP) 954 sign-off/check-out mode 234 -side handheld signal computing 302 -to-noise ratio (SNR) 16, 595 programming 309 attenuation (SA) 511 connection 251 signature site 790 attack 828 service 774, 884, 986 scanner 651 -oriented SIK (see session initialization key) approach (SOA) 529 SIM card 585 architecture (SOA) 71, 874, 878 simple computing (SOC) 71, 626, 877–878, 884 message service (SMS) 352, 356, 616, 620 paradigm 621, 883 network management protocol (SNMP) 1026 pervasive computing 883 object access protocol (SOAP) 376, 795 abstraction layer pattern 746 simplest path algorithm 857 access control 800 simulation advertisement 884 -based learning 901 aggregator 7 game 928 client 878, 884 simultaneous PoC session 727 configurator 74 7 single-user game 929 creation environment 873 SIP (see session initiation protocol) delivery platform (SDP) 870 site discovery 53, 89 -specific service 58 0 Index 23

design 285, 290 speech 645 transaction manager (STM) 949 application language tag (SALT) 647, 1053, 1056 SLA (see service level agreement) recognition 675 SLP (see service location protocol) grammar specification (SRGS) 105 3–1054 SM (see service manager) Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) 1056 SMA (see stationary monitoring agent) SpeechPAK TALKS 570 small SPIM 888 mobile host (SMH) split mode 948 screen devices 123 sponsoring 552 smart spontaneous service emergence paradigm 957 antenna 942, 946 sports game 929 card 472, 475, 480, 708 SPP (see serial port profile) cellular phone 308 spyware 558, 561 phone 327, 344, 757, 894, 898, 905, 1014 SQL (see Structural Query Language) space 71, 124 SQL (see Structured Query Language) smartphone 304 SRGS (see speech recognition grammar specification) SME (see station management entity) SRM (see service relationship management) transaction manager (STM) 949 SSL (see secure socket layer) SMH (see small mobile host) SSM (see source specific multicast) SMIL (see Synchronized Multimedia Integration Lan- standard guage) transmission protocol 160 SMS (see short message service) type phone bill 552 SMS (see simple message service) Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) 142 snap-on/wireless keyboard 571 stateful address autoconfiguration 25 8 sniffing 1022 stateless address autoconfiguration 25 8 SNR (see signal-to-noise ratio) static SOA (see service-oriented approach) access frequency (SAF) 751 SOA (see service-oriented architecture) agent 218 SOAP (see simple object access protocol) stationary monitoring agent (SMA) 328, 330, 333 SOC (see service-oriented computing) station management entity (SME) 196 social STM (see site transaction manager) context 116 storage 536 research 557 cost 231 system 632 efficiency 23 1, 836 software inefficiency 22 7 agent 340 protection 840 component 61 stream control transmission protocol 813 development toolkit (SDK) 12, 394 streaming 77, 266 solidring structure 822, 825 Structured Query Language (SQL) 370, 533 sophisticated service discovery protocols (SDPs) 43 structured sound 669–674 non-super peer 736 source super peer 736 -specific multicast (SSM) 54 1, 592, 595 student support 901 system 947 subscriber identity module (SIM) 840 SP (see service provider) card 839 space division multiple access (SDMA) 944 summarization technique 121 SPAM 888 super spamming 534 frame 927 spatial peers 734 diversity 165 superior healthcare delivery 1010 models and ontologies 857 supervised agent transport 430 services 792 sustainable speaker verification (SV) 67 7 agriculture 763 spectrum management 730 development 763 24 Index

SVC (see scalable video coding) teleradiology 540 SVG (see scalable vector graphics) temporal logic 995 SVG Basic (SVGB) 1050 temporary disconnection 75 SVGB (see SVG Basic) terminal equipment 7 SVG Tiny (SVGT) 1050 testing 12, 28 SVGT (see SVG Tiny) texting 757 switching cost 145 text messaging 899 SWRL (see Semantic Web Rule Language) text to speech (TTS) 645–646, 1053 Symbian 342, 503 TFRC (see TCP-friendly rate control) operating system (OS) 249, 304, 308, 895 TFT (see thin film transistor) symbolic model 857 TFTP (see trivial file transport protocol) synchronization 203, 206, 757 thematic spatial information services interfaces (TSISI) Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) 790 376, 1056 thin film transistor (TFT) 53 6 synchronous connection oriented (SCO) 344 third generation (3G) 475, 503, 533, 611, 933 syntactic translation 123 game 187 system mobile architecture 1012 network (3G) 733 capacity 946 system 682 design 352, 616 network 778 module 342 wireless system 96 third generation (3G) T three t-test 897 -dimensional (3D) animation 672 tablet PC 755, 757 -tier Web-based architecture 1010 tacitness 523 thumb board text interface 755 tagged image file format (TIFF) 67 0 tight coupling 359, 810 talk burst control 727 time Talks 570 and distance sensitive (TDS) 751 TAM (see technology acceptance model) division duplex (TDD) 272, 940, 946 tangible score 336 -synchronous code division multi-access (TD-SCD- target respondents 640 MA) 946 task-orientated agent 578 difference of arrival (TDOA) 511 Tatoes authoring 321 division multiple access (TDMA) 329, 456, 535 taxonomy 723 of arrival (TOA) 511 TCP-friendly rate control (TFRC) 20 timestamp 740 TD-SCDMA (TD-SCDMA) 946 TOA (see time of arrival) TDD (see time division duplex) Toku number 636 TDMA (see time division multiple access) Tokusuru TDOA (see time difference of arrival) Information Board 638 teacher support 901 Menu 638 team (or guild) game 929 tools 12, 28 technical heterogeneity 399 tourism 365, 392 technobabble 568 tourist technology guide 713 -conditioned approach to language change and use services 660 (TeLCU) 562, 568 TPI (see transport information items) acceptance model (TAM) 38, 296–297, 894 tracking 212, 660 readiness 484 system 207, 907 TeLCU (see technology-conditioned approach to language traditional shortest path algorithm 857 change and use) traffic tele-worker 634 analysis 1024 telemedicine 504 control 660, 730 telephone interview 887 transcoding 628–629, 984 Index 25

transmission error 192 linear array (ULA) 942 transparency 27 resource identifier (URI) 37 6 transport uniframe 212 information item (TPI) 786 resource discovery system (URDS) 212 layer mobility 968 universal management 660 description, discovery and integration (UDDI) 89 traveling mobile agent 579 mobile telecommunication (UMTS) 535 tree mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) -based routing 395 20, 194, 511 structure 821, 825 plug and play (UPnP) 882 (see also hierarchical structure) serial bus (USB) 368 trialability 413–414, 418 SIM (USIM) 840 triangle routing 259 universally unique identifier (UUID) 4 4 triangulation 394 unlicensed mobile access (UMA) 142, 360–361, 701 trilateration 770 UNO (see user navigation ontology) triple play 803 unsolicited message 399 trivial file transport protocol (TFTP) 26 3 unstructured super peer 735 trusted checkout 312 unsupervised agent transport 432 trusting agent 110 update broadcast 751 trustworthiness 25 updating TSISI (see thematic spatial information services inter- distributed key 1019 faces) session keys 1018 TTS (see text-to-speech) uplink synchronization 944 tunnel UPnP (see universal plug and play) entry point 255 URDS (see uniframe resource discovery system) exit point 255 URI (see uniform resource identifier) tunneled IPv6 packet 255 usability 27, 118 tunneling 255, 543 USB (see universal serial bus port) tuple forming 865 user -centered operability 140 U -oriented rekeying 834 u-commerce 310–316 attention model 599, 604 ubiquitous context 26, 856 computing (UC) 62, 561, 589, 775, 954 control 800 tracking system 208 datagram protocol (UDP) 583 ubiquity 525 equipment UC (see ubiquitous computing) equipment (UE) 63, 727, 782, 942 UCA (see uniform circle array) identification 77 5 UDDI (see universal description, discovery and integra- interface 303 tion) interface (UI) 74, 342–344 UE (see user equipment) design (UID) 319, 644 UI (see user interface) mobility 967 UID (see user interface design) navigation ontology (UNO) 858 ultra wide band (UWB) 427 preference 602 ULA (see uniform linear array) profile 3 1, 126, 380, 626, 629–630 ultrasonic signal 864 terminal (UT) 810 UMA (see unlicensed mobile access) utility function 44, 168 UMTS (see universal mobile telecommunication system) UUID (see universally unique identifier) unaccounted attribute 334 UWB (see ultra wide band) Unicode Standard 376 V Unified Modeling Language (UML) 71 6 unified identity 14 0 VAG (see virtual anycast group) uniform validation authority (VA) 582 circle array (UCA) 942 value 1004 26 Index

-added mobile service 497 recognition 999–1003 chain model 497 Voice Extensible Markup Language (VoiceXML) 1050 values and goals readiness 485 VoiceXML (see Voice Extensible Markup Language) VANET (see vehicular ad hoc network) 1050, 1056 VC (see virtual community) VoIP (see voice-over Internet protocol) VCEG (see Video Coding Experts Group) VPN (see virtual private network) VCoIP (see videoconferencing over IP) VRML (see Virtual Reality Modeling Language) vector space model (VSM) 87 VSM (see vector space model) vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) 424, 427 verification 43 0 W Verisign 35 W3C (see World Wide Web Consortium) vertical W3C-MMI (see W3C--MultiModal Interaction) handoff 151 W3C-MultiModal Interaction (W3C-MMI) handover 967 WAN (see wide area network) management 812 WAP (see wireless application protocol) mobile business 442 WAP identity module (WIM) 585 very large scale integration (VLSI) 427 war-driving 1023 video water-filling principle 16 9 -on-demand 890 WAVE file 669 coding 590 WB (see wideband) sequence 889–893 WCDMA (see Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) stream 124 Web transcoding 627–631 feature service (WFS) 133, 137 Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) 595 GIS 219 videoconference 758 map service (WMS) 133, 137 videoconferencing 589 Ontology Language (OWL) 377 over IP (VCoIP) 589 page 877 video telephony 589 service 77, 84, 89,795 viral marketing 98, 402 -based LBS (WS-LBS) 789 virtual Services Description Language (WSDL) 89, 795 anycast group (VAG) 54 system 1050 cluster 333 technology 536 community (VC) 632, 634 Webtop client 80 component pattern 746 WFS (see Web feature service) machine (VM) 996, 998 Wi-Fi (see wireless fidelity) monitor (VMM) 996, 998 access point 701 memo 714 wide area 207 private network (VPN) 533, 842, 1032 network (WAN) 253, 533 proxy pattern 746 wideband (WB) 458 reality (VR) 672 code division multiple access (WCDMA) 534 Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) 672, 1052 widgets 81 virtualization 998 WiMAX (see worldwide interoperability for microwave virus 1024 access) attack 534 WiMobile 1042 visibility 413–414, 418 WinCE (see Windows Consumer Electronics or Windows visual query language 370 CE) vitals 951 Windows VLSI (see very large scale integration) -based smartphone 305 VM (see virtual machine) Consumer Electronics or Windows CE (WinCE) VMM (see virtual machine monitor) 793, 795 voice Mobile 304, 309 -activated communication 571 wired -over Internet protocol (VoIP) 138, 142, 269, 700, equivalent privacy 1030 735, 898 Internet 298, 300 Index 27

Wireless workload 626 Application Protocol 2.0 (WAP 2.0) 423 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) 379, 463, Markup Language (WML) 191, 194, 376, 456, 476, 671, 675, 1050 583 worldwide interoperability for microwave access wireless 283, 285, 327, 1000 (WiMAX) 733 access network 391 WPAN (see wireless personal area network) advertising WPP (see WAP peer protocol) (see also mobile advertising, mobile marketing) application protocol (WAP) 190, 194, 252, 376, 476, WS-LBS (see Web service-based LBS) 480, 503, 913 WSDL (see Web Services Description Language) communication 744, 947 WSN (see wireless sensor network) connectivity 757 communication network 195 X datagram protocol (WDP) 584 XDMC (see XML document management client) data network 165–171 device 62 XHTML (see eXtensible HyperText Markup Language) fidelity (Wi-Fi) 427, 507, 733 -MP (see XHTML Mobile Profile) headset 4 Basic 376 healthcare 1010 Mobile Profile (XHTML-MP) 423 hotspots 207 XLink (see XML Linking Language) identity module (WIM) 480 XML (see eXtensible Markup Language) Internet 298, 472 Linking Language (XLink) 377 connectivity 576 XP (see extended profile) local area network (WLAN) 702, 733, 839, 856, 906 XSLT (see eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transforma- local area networking (WLAN) 62, 139, 394, 455, 50 tions) 5, 507, 511 Xtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) mesh network (WMN) 921 377 multimedia application 195 network 62, 456, 832, 906, 1022, 1029 Z architecture 1038 ZigBee 273, 428, 507, 805 personal area network (WPAN) 272, 276 Zire 489 public key infrastructure (WPKI) 585 Zone Cooperative (ZC) cache 173–174 routing algorithm 925 scheduling mechanism 924 security 1028–1033 sensor 4 network (WSN) 202, 206, 328, 424, 427, 921, 1034–1037 session protocol (WSP) 190 technologies 253 transaction protocol (WTP) 583–584 transmission 627 transport layer security (WTLS) 584 user behavior 476 Web service 476, 480 WISDOM 573 WLAN (see wireless local area network) WML (see Wireless Markup Language) WMLSCrypt 585 WMN (see wireless mesh network) WMS (see Web map service) word of mouth (WOM) 300 workflow 1045 management 1043–1049