ABBREVIATIONS [Copyright: TECHNOART Co. Ltd.]

References: Magazines: Nikkei Electronics, Nikkei Microdevices, Nikkei Mechanical, etc. News papers: Nikkei Industrial Journal, Dempa Journal White papers: IEEE, IEC, SMPTE, Internet Websites, specifications, etc. Others: encyclopedias, instruction booklets, catalogues, product spec., etc.

ABBREVIATION DERIVATION OF ABBREVIATION

3D DDI 3 Dimensional Interface 4GL 4th generation language A3D Aural 3D ABI application binary interface ABS air bearing surface ACSM Application Control State Machine ADB Apple Desktop Bus ADE automatic design engineering AIF application integration feature AOAC always on/always connected APIC Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller APM Advanced Power Management APNIC Asia Pacific Network Information Center ARC Advanced RISC Computing ATMS Automated Traffic Management Systems AT-UD Unimodem Diagnostics Command AWT Abstract Toolkit BAR base address register BBS bulletin board system bcc blind copy BCL bias compensation layer BIPS billion instructions per second BIS boot integrity services BLOB Binary Large Object BML Broadcast Markup Language BNF Backup Naur BPR business process reengineering BSDL Boundary Scan Description Language BTL backplane transceiver logic BTRON Business TRON tag">C&C computer and communication CBQ class-based queuing CDA Compound Document Architecture CDB Command Description Block CDC Connected Device Configuration CDDI copper distributed data interface CDF Channel Definition Format CDFF Common Document CDIF Common Document Intermediate Format CDL Class Definition Language CDP Concept Description Plan CDRA Character Data Representation Architecture CDSA Common Data Security Architecture CEDR Windows CE Driver Repository CHS cylinder head sector CI Component Instrumentation CICS Customer Information Control System CID Compatible ID CIFS Common Internet CIM computer integrated manufacturing CIM Common Information Model CIMOM CIM Object Model CINF check (modem) INF tool CLAD cell assembler/disassembler CLI Call Level Interface CLOS Object System CLP cell loss priority CLUT Colour Look-Up Table CML Caucus Markup Language CMM color matching modules CMM Capability Maturity Model CNR Communication and Networking Riser COCOMO construction cost model CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture COSE Common Open Software Environment COSS Common Object Service Specification CTRON central-TRON CTS computerized typesetting system CTS Clear To Send DAS dual attachment station DBC Device Bay Controller DBM Dual Bit Map DC device context DCD Data Carrier Detect DCE Data Communications Equipment DCF Distributed Coordination Function DCL Delay Calculation Language DCLZ data compression Lempel-Ziv DCOM Distributed DDC2B Display Data Channel Standard, Level 2B DIB Device Independent Bitmap DIFS distributed access inter space DIPS Dendenkousha Information Processing System DMWG Data Management Work Group DN Distinguished Name DNS Domain Name System DOA data oriented approach DOM Distributed Operations Master DOMF Distributed Object Management Facility DOP Operational Protocol DOS Disk DP data parallelism DPC Deferred Procedure Call DPI dot per inch(dpi) DPMI DOS protected mode interface DPMS Display Power Management Signaling DRC design rule checker DRDA Distributed Relational Database Architecture DRF Data Recovery Field DRM Digital Rights Management (System) DR-PI design representation programming interface DS Directory Service DSA Digital Signature Algorithm DSE Development Software Engineer DSM digital storage media DSM-CC digital storage media-control command DSO Dynamic Shared Object DSS Directory Synchronization (dir-sync) DSS decision support system DSSSL Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (ISO/IEC 10179) DSU digital service unit DTC Distributed Transaction Coordinator DTD document type definition DTE data terminal equipment DTM data transfer mechanism DTP desktop publishing DTR Data Terminal Ready DVMCI digital video DVO Digital Video Output DXF drawing interchange file EA extended attributes EAB embedded array block EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol EASI embedded all-in-one system interface EBCDIC extended binary coded decimal interchange code EBCOT Embedded Block Coding with Optimized Truncation EDA electronic design automation EDD Enhanced Disk Drive EDF earliest deadline first EDI electronic data interchange EDID Extended Display Identification Data EDIF electronic design interchange format EDO extended data out EDP electronic data processing EEMBC EDN Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium EFS EGA Extended Color Graphics Array EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter EHCI Enhanced Host Controller Interface EHLLAPI extended high level language application programming interface EIDE Enhanced Integrated Device Electronics EIO Extended I/O EISA extended industry standard architecture ELF Extended Link Format EM electronic mail EMB Extended Memory Block EMC electro magnetic compatibility EMF Extended metafile EMM Entitlement Management Messages ENIAC Electronic Numerical integrator And Calculator EOF end of file EPIC Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing EPP Enhanced Parallel Port E-R entity-relationship ERC electrical rule checking ERP Error Recovery Procedure ES expert system ESA extended service area ESA Enterprise Systems Architecture ESC/P Epson Standard Code for Printer ESCD Extended System Configuration Data ESCON enterprise systems connection ESDI enhanced small device interface ESIOP environment-specific inter-ORB protocol ESS extended service set ETK Embedded Toolkit EUC Extended Code EUC end-user computing EUI-64 Extended Unique Identifier EVC Enhanced Video Connector EWS engineering ExCA Exchangeable Card Architecture FACS ACPI Control Structure FAPI Fingerprint Aware Application Program Interface FAT FBAPI Fingerprint Basic Aware Application Program Interface FCA Fibre Channel Association FC-AL Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop FCB FC-EP Fibre Channel Extended Physical FCP Fibre Channel Protocol FCP function control protocol FC-PH Fibre Channel Physical FCS frame check sequence FCSI Fibre Channel Systems Initiative FD floppy disc FDC Drive Controller FDD floppy disc drive FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDIV Floating (point) Divide FDL Facility Data Link FDO Functional Device Object FE Framing Error FEAPI Fingerprint Extended Aware Application Program Interface FFOL FDDI Follow on LAN FHN Fiber HUB Node FiDO Filter Device Object FIM Function Component Interface Module FIQ Fast Interrupt reQuest FLP fast link pulse FMV Full Motion Video FMV fair market value FNA Fujitsu Network Architecture FNO Foreign Namespace Object FoIP FAX over Internet Protocol formula translator FP function point FPA function point analysis FPU floating-point processing unit FR frame relay FRS FSB Front Side Bus FSD File System Driver FSF free software foundation FSRTL File System Run Time FTAM File Transfer, Access and Management FTC fault tolerant computer FTP File Transfer Protocol FTS fault tolerant system FTTB fiber to the building FTTC fiber to the curb GART Graphic Address Re-mapping Table GCP Global Computation Platform GDA Global Document Annotation GDI Graphical Device Interface GDT Global Descriptor Table GFC Generic Flow Control GIDEI General Input Device Emulation Interface GIF Graphics Interchange Format GINA Graphical Identification and Authentication GKS GMR giant magnetoresistive GNU general public license GNU GNU's Not Unix, "guh-NEW" GPC Graphics Performance Characterization GPIB general purpose interface bus GPIO General Purpose I/O GPL GNU Public License GSS-API Generic Security Service Application Program Interface GTF Generalized Timing Formula GVIF Gigabit Video Interface H/W hardware HA home automation HAA Hitachi Application Architecture HAMR Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording HCI Host controller Interface HCL Hardware Compatibility List HDA head disk HDC hard disk controller HDCG high definition computer graphics HDD HDL hardware description language HDLC High Level Data Link Control procedures HDT Host Digital Terminal HEC Header Error Control HEL hardware layer HFS HID Human Interface Device HIPPI high performance parallel interface HLLAPI high-level language application programming interface HMA high memory area HMI Human Machine Interface HPC high performance computation HPCCI High-performance Computing and Communications Initiative HPF High Performance Fortran HPFS High Performance File System HRTF Head Related Transfer Function HSFS High-Sierra File System HSM Hierarchical Storage Management HSSI High-Speed Serial Interface HSTP High Speed Transport Protocol HTPC Home Theater Personal I2O Intelligent Input/Output IA-PC Architecture IBIS I/O buffer information specification ICC integrated communication controller ICCCM Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual ICM Image Color Management ICM Image Compression Manager ICU ISA Configuration Utility IDAPI Integrated Database API IDE integrated device electronics IDL Interface Definition Language IDM Interleaved Device Mode IDT Internet Development Toolbox IDT Interrupt Dispatch Table IE IF Implements Forum IFC internet foundation class IFS ICOT Free Software IFS instable file system IFSMGR Instable File System Manager IGES Initial Graphics Exchange Specification IHV independent hardware vendor IME Input Method Editor IN intelligent network Indeo Intel Video Technology INN InterNetNews IOOM the Ithaca Object-Oriented Methodology IOS I/O Supervisor IP interface protocol IPC interprocess communication IPD Integrated Program Decoder IPI Intelligent Peripheral Interface IPL Initial Program Load IrLAP infrared link access protocol IrLMP infrared link management protocol IrMC Infrared Mobile Communications IrOBEX Infrared Object Exchange Protocol IRP I/O Request Packet IRQ interrupt request IrTA infrared terminal adapter IrTran-P Infrared Transfer Picture IrWW Infrared Wrist Watch ISA Industry Standard Architecture ISAPI information server API iSCSI Internet SCSI (SCSI over TCP/IP) ISIS Image and Scanner Interface Specification IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System Infra Domain Routing Exchange Protocol ISM Interface Subscriber Module ISO/OSI International Standards Organization Open System Interconnection ISR Interrupt Service Routine IST interrupt service ISV independent software vendor IT information technology ITRON Industrial TRON(The Realtime Operating system Nucleus) IVD LAN integrated voice and data LAN IVV Independent Verification & Validation IX internet exchange IXC Inter Exchange Carrier JAIN Integrated Network for the Platform JAM Java administration server JAR Java archive Java VM Java Virtual Machine JCL job control language JCP Java Community Process JFC JIT Just-In-Time JLE Japanese Language Environment JNI Java Native Method Interface JOIS JICST On-line Information System KBM knowledge based machine KCC Knowledge Consistency Checker KDD Knowledge Discovery in Databases KDT keyboard definition table KPA key process area KPS key predistribution system LA laboratory automation LAN local area network LAPM Link Access Protocol, Modem LBA logical block address LBP laser beam printer LCC levelized compiled code LCF Link Control Facility LDAP lightweight directory access protocol LDI LVDS Display Interface LEC LAN emulation clients LECS LAN emulation configuration server LES LAN emulator server LFN long file name LIM Lotus-Intel-Microsoft LIP Loop Initialization Primitive LP laser printer LPC Low Pin Count LPE layout parameter extraction lpi line per inch LPT line printer LSSD level sensitive scan design LSTF least slack time first LU Logical Unit LUN logical unit number LVE Live Video Extensions LVM logical manager MA message area MAC media access control MADK Microsoft ActiveX Development Kit MAOS multi application operating system MAPI Messaging Application Programming Interface MAS multiple-address space MBONE multicast backbone MCA multi-channel access MCA Micro Channel Architecture MCD Mini Client Driver MCGA Multi Color Graphics Array MCI Media Control Interface MCI Multimedia Control Interface MCT Modem Compatibility Test MCU multipoint connection unit MDD multi-valued decision diagram MDI Multiple Document Interface MDK Modem Developers Kit MDL memory descriptor list MESN Media Event Status Notification MF more fragments (bit) MF media flexible MFP multi-function peripheral MFT master file table MHS message handling system MI Management Interface MIA Multivendor Integrated Architecture MIDI musical instrument digital interface MIDP Mobile Information Device Profiles MIF Management Information File MIF management information format MII media independent interface MIMD multiple instruction stream multiple data stream MIPS million instructions per second MIS management information system MMC Microsoft Management Console MMHID Multimedia Human Input Device MMIO memory-mapped I/O MMU MMX multimedia extension MNLS Multi National Language Support MNP Microcom Networking Protocol MOD movie on demand MOF Management Object Format MOLAP multi-dimensional online analytical processing MOM message oriented middleware MOOD Methodology for Object Oriented Design MP/M multi-programming monitor MPC Multimedia Personal Computer MPDU MAC Protocol Data Unit MPI Message Passing Interface MPIC Multiprocessor Interrupt Controller MPPE Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption MPS MultiProcessor Specification MR Mixed Reality MRCI Microsoft Real-time Compression Interface MSCDEX Microsoft CD-ROM Extensions MSCS Microsoft Cluster Server MSDL Microsoft Download Library MSDN Microsoft Developer Network MS-DOS Microsoft disk operating system MSDU MAC Service Data Unit MSEN Media Status Event Notification MSMQ Microsoft Message Queue Server MSO multiple system operator MTD Memory Technology Driver MTE Message Transfer Element MTF Microsoft Tape Format MTS Microsoft Transaction Server MTU maximum transmission unit MTU Maximum Transfer Unit MUD Master User Domain MUI multimedia MULTOS multiapplication operating system MVEX Minimal Video Extension to X MVS Multiple Virtual Storage MVS/ESA MVS/Enterprise Systems Architecture NABTS North American Basic Teletext System NAPLPS North American Presentation-Level-Protocol Syntax NBDD NetBIOS datagram distribution server NBNS NetBIOS name server NC naming context NC Network Computer NCB network control block NCP Netware Core Protocol NCRP Network Computer Reference Specification NCS Network Computing System NCSS non-comment statements NCU network control unit NDD Norton Disk Doctor NDIS Network Driver Interface Specification NDPS network distributed print system NDS Netware Directory Service NDS Directory Service NEEDS Nikkei Economic Electronic Databank System Net PC network personal computer NetBEUI NetBIOS Extended User Interface NETBIOS Network Basic Input/Outputs System NFS NGIO Next Generation Input/Output NIC network interface card NIT Network Information Table NIU Network Interface Unit NLM NetWare loadable module NLS national language support NNI network node interface NOD News on Demand NOI Notice Inquiry NOS Network Operating System NPI Network provider Interface NPR Notice of Proposed Rulemaking NREN National Research and Education Network nrt non-real-time NSP native signal processing NT New Technology NT Network Termination NTDS Windows NT Directory Service NTFS NT File System NTLM Windows NT LAN Manager NTP Network Time Protocol NTS/E Windows NT Server, Enterprise Edition NVOD Near Video on Demand OADG Open Architecture Developing Group OAK OEM Adoption Kit OAM operation and maintenance OCMP Open Computing environment for MIPS Platform OCN Open OCX OLE Custom control ODA Open Document Architecture ODAPI Open Database Application Programming Interface ODB object-oriented database ODBC Open Database Connectivity ODBMS object(-oriented) database management system ODI Open Datalink Interface ODS operational data store ODSI Open Directory Services Interface OEX OLE System Control OFS Object File System OGI Open Graphics Initiative OHCI Open Host Controller Interface OID Object ID OLAP on-line analytical processing OLCP on-line complex processing OLE Object Linking & Embedding OLTP on-line transaction processing OMA Object Management Architecture OMAP Open Multimedia Application Platform OMG-IDL Object Management Group Interface Definition Language OMG-UNO Object Management Group Universal Networked Objects OMT Object Modeling Technique ONC Open Network Computing ONP open network provision ONU optical network unit OOA object-oriented analysis OOAD object-oriented analysis and design OOD object-oriented design OODB object-oriented database OOP object-oriented programming OOPS object-oriented programming system OOPSLA Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Application OpenHCI Open Host Controller Interface OPK OEM preinstallation kit OQL object query language OR operations research ORB Operation Request Block ORB Object Request Broker ORDB Object-Relational Database OS operating system OSA Open Scripting Architecture OSF OSI Open System Interface OSI Open Systems Interconnection OSPM OS-directed Power Management OSR OEM service release OTG on the go OTS Object Transaction Service OVI Open Verilog International PA Precision Architecture PABX private automatic branch exchange PAC Privilege attribute Certificate PAD Program associated data PAD packet assembler/disassembler PAD Problem Analysis Diagram PARCOR partial auto correlation PA-RISC Precision Architecture-RISC PAS Pre-Boot Authentication Service PC personal computer PC packet classifier PC-DOS Personal Computer-Disk Operating System PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect PCI PM PCI Bus Power Management Specification PCIC PC Card I/O Cards PCP Printer Control Protocol PCS physical coding sublayer PCT Private Communication Technology PCTE portable common tool environment PDA personal digital assistants PDC primary domain controller PDC Program Delivery Control PDC professional developers conference PDEF physical design exchange format PDF Portable Document File PDK Peripheral Developers Kit PDL Process Design Language PDL page description language PDM product data management system PDM Primary Defect Map PDO physical device object PDQ parallel data query PDS public domain software PEX PHIGS Extension to X PFS Product Functional Specification PGP pretty good privacy PHIGS 's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System PIAM Platform Independent Application Model PIC Personal Intelligent Communicator PIC Programmable Interrupt Controller PICS Platform for internet Content Selection PID Program ID PID packet identification PIF program information file PIM Parallel Inference Machine PIO programmed input/output PIP P Internet Protocol PIT Programmable Interrupt Timer PKT Partition Knowledge Table PL/1 Programming Language one PLB Picture Level Benchmark PLDA Private Loop Direct Attach PLI programming language interface PMA physical medium attachment PMC PCI Mezzanine Card PMD physical medium dependent PMD physical media dependent sublayer PME Power Management Event PML Physical Markup Language PNG Portable Network Graphics POI point of interface POP point of presence POP post office protocol POPS peta operations per second POSIX portable operating system interface POST power-on self-test POWER Performance Optimization with Enhanced RISC pp program parallelism ppm pages per minute PPP Point-to-Point Protocol PPTP point-to point tunneling protocol PRM Performance Report Message PS/2 personal system/2 PS2 Play Station 2 PSS Product Support Services PSW Program Status Word PVC permanent virtual circuit PVM Parallel Virtual Machine PVP Packet Video Protocol QBE query by example QCELP Qualcomm code excited linear prediction QCIF quarter common intermediate format QIC Quarter-inch Cartridge QRSL Quad Rambus Signal Level QTVR QuickTime VR QVGA quarter video graphic array RAD rapid application development RAID Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks RAW read and write RDA remote database access RDB relational database RDBMS relational database management system RDN Relative distinguished Name RFID Radio Frequency Identification RFT:DCA Revisable From Text : Document Content Architecture RID Relative ID RIFF Resource RIMM Rambus Inline Memory Module RIPL Remote Initial Program Load RISC reduced instruction set computer RLC Run Length Coding RMI remote method invocation RNI Raw Native Interface ROLAP Relational online analytical processing RPC remote procedure call RPE-LTP Regular Pulse Excitation-Long Term Predictive cording RPG Report Program Generator RSL Rambus Signal Level RSX Intel Realistic Sound eXperience RT remote terminal RT Real-Time RTC real-time clock RTF RTK real time kinematic RTOS Real Time Operating System RTS Request To Send RWS Remote Winsock S/PDIF Sony Philips Digital Interface S/W software SA Structured Analysis SAA Systems Application Architecture SACCH slow associated control channel SAF synthetic antiferromagnet SALT Speech Application Language Tag SAM SCSI-3 Architecture Model SAP secondary audio programming SAR segmentation and reassembly SASI Shugart Associates System Interface SBC surrounded by complement SBC SCSI-3 Block Commands SBE software behavior estimation SBP Serial Bus Protocol SBS Smart Battery Specification SBS Smart Battery Systems SC Structured Chart SCA single connector attachment for SCSI Disk Drives SCAM SCSI Configured Automatically SCD SPARC Compliance Definition SCI scaleable coherent interface SCID Service Channel ID SCM Software Configuration Management SCP Source Compatibility Package SCP Service Control Point SCSI small computer system interface SCSIFCP SCSI Fibre Channel Protocol SCSL Sun Community Source License SCT Software Compatibility Test SD Structured Design SD shared disk SDAS System Development Architecture & Support facilities SDE Engineer SDH synchronous digital hierarchy SDK software developer's kit SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control SDP session description protocol SDR Sustained Data Rate SDU Service Data Unit SE system engineer SE shared everything SECC Single Edge Contact Cartridge SECE secure electronic commerce environment SES solution exchange standard SETP Stream Environment Transport Protocol SFF Small Form Factor SFN single frequency network SFS stick-on free SFS Shared File System SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language SI Service Information SI system integration SID Subsystem ID SIE Serial Interface Engine SIMD single instruction stream-multiple data stream SIPC Simply Interactive Personal Computer SIR serial infrared interface SIS strategic information system SLCP Software Life-Cycle Processes SLIC subscriber line interface circuit SLIP Serial Line IP S.M.A.R.T. Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology SMB SMBus SMDL Standard Music Description Language SMI system management interrupt SMM system management mode SMS system management server SNA Systems Network Architecture SNA Software Network Architecture SOF start of frame SPA Software Process Assessments SPARC Scalable Processor Architecture SPDL Standard Page Description Language SPEF Standard Parasitic Exchange Format SPF standard parasitic format SPI Serial Peripheral Interface SPICE Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis SPID Service Profile Identifier SPMD single program multiple data stream SPS Shock Protection System SPSR Stored Program Status Register SPX Sequenced Packet Exchange SQL structured query language SRB Stream Request block SRC sample rate converter SRC sampling rate change SSA Serial Storage Architecture SSADM Structured Systems and Design Method SSC Smart Signal Conditioning SSDP Simple Service Discovery Protocol SSI single system image SSL Secure Socket Layer SSP serial storage protocol SSPI Security Support Provider Interface SSTF shortest seek time first SSTV slow scan television STD State Transition Diagram STEP Standard for the Exchange of Product STI Still Image architecture STT Secure Transaction Technology SVC switched virtual connection SVG SVGA super SVID System Vendor Interface Definition (IDentification) SXGA super extended graphic array SXVGA super extended video graphics array TAPI Telephony application programming interface TBI Ten Bit Interface TCL Tool command Language TD-CDMA time division-code division multiple access TDE telephone data entry TDI Transport Driver Interface TE terminal equipment TFTP trivial file transfer protocol TIFF Tagged Image File Format TLD Top Level Domain TLI Transport Level Interface for UNIX TM transaction manager TMDS Transition Minimized Differential Signaling TMF transaction monitoring facility TOC table of contents TREC Texture and Rendering Engine Compression TRON The Realtime Operating system Nucleus TSD type-specific driver TSR terminate-and-stay-resident TSS time sharing system TWAIN Technology Without Any Interested Name TwinVQ transform domain weighted interleave vector quantization TXD Transmission Data UAS User Account System UBR unspecified bit rate UCT Universal Coordinate Time UDL/I unified design language of integrated circuit UDP User Datagram Protocol UFS UHCI Universal Host Controller Interface UI UNIX International UI User Interface UI Unit Interval UIMS user interface management system ULP upper layer protocol UML unified modeling language U-N User to Network primitive UNC Universal Naming Convention UNI user network interface UP Uniprocessor UPC Usage Parameter Control UPF Uni Picture Format URB USB request block URL Uniform Resource Locator USB Universal Serial Bus USN Update Sequence Number UTMI USB2.0 Transceiver Macrocell Interface UTOPIA Universal Test & Operations PHY Interface for ATM U-U User to User primitive UUCP UNIX to UNIX Copy Program UVGA Ultimate VGA (1024 x 768, 60fps) VAFC Vesa Advanced Feature Connector VAN value added network VB Visual Basic VBA Microsoft Visual Basic Programming System Application Edition VBE VESA BIOS Extension VBX Visual Basic Extension VC virtual channel VC virtual circuit VCCI Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Office Machines VCDFSD Virtual CD-ROM File System Driver VCI Virtual Channel Identifier VDD Virtual Device Driver VDD Version Description Document VDIF Video display Information Format VDM Virtual DOS Machine VDM Virtual VDMA Virtual DMA VDMAD Virtual DMA Device VDO Video Distribution Office VDP video datagram protocol VDS Virtual DMA Services VDT video display terminal/visual display terminal VESA Video Electronics Standard Association VFS VFW VGA Video Graphics Array VHDL VHSIC hardware description language VI VHDL International VIP Video Information Provider VISCA Video System Control Architecture VITAL VHDL Initiative toward ASIC Libraries VL-Bus VESA local bus VLM Very Large Memory VM Virtual Machine VM/CMS Virtual Machine / Conversational Monitor System VM/ESA Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture VME versa module European VMS Virtual Memory System VMTP Versatile Message Transaction Protocol VOD video-on-demand VP virtual path VPE Video Port Extension VPI virtual path identifier VpicD virtual programmable interrupt controller device VRML virtual reality modeling language VSAM virtual storage access method VSD Vendor Specific Driver VUDA VESA Unified Graphic Architecture VUMA VESA Unified Memory Architecture VVIDD VESA Video Interface for Digital Display VxD Virtual Device Driver VXI VMEbus extensions for instrumentation WAIS wide area information server WBMP Wireless Bitmap WBS work breakdown structure WBT Windows-Based Terminal WC write combining WCEfA Windows CE for Automotive WD working draft WDCTRL Western Digital-Compatible Hard Disk Controller WDI Watchdog input WDL Windows Driver Library WDM Win32 Driver Model WDMCSA WDM Connection and Streaming Architecture WHIIG Windows Hardware Instrumentation Implementation Guideline WHQL Windows Hardware Quality Laboratory WIA Windows Image Acquisition WIA Wearable Internet Appliance WIDE Widely Integrated Distributed Environment WIFE Windows Intelligent Font Environment WinHEC Windows Hardware Engineering Conference WINNLS Windows National Language Support WINS Windows Internet Name Service WinSock Windows Sockets 2.0 WIPS whetstone instructions per second WLL wireless local loop WMA Windows Media Audio WMF Windows Meta-File WMI Windows Management Instrumentation WORM write once, read many WOSA Windows Open System Architecture WPS Windows Printing System WRAM Window RAM WRB Web Request Broker WS workstation WSH Windows Scripting Host WSP WinSock Proxy WSS Windows Sound System WWDU Work With Display Units XCOFF eXtended Common Object File Format XDR external data representation XFN X/Open Federated Naming XGA eXtended Graphics Array XHTML eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language XIMP Input Method Protocol XIP eXecute-in-Place XKP Extended Processing XMS eXtended Memory Specification XNS Network System XPC extended processing complex XPG X/Open Portability Guide XTP express Transfer Protocol Y2K Year 2000 ZAK Zero Administration Kit foe Windows NT Workstation ZAW Zero Administration Windows Zone Improvement Plan ZM zone marker ZTAT Zero Turn Around Time ZVP Zoomed Video Port

0–9

 /.—Slashdot  1GL—First-Generation Programming Language  1NF—First Normal Form  10B2—10BASE-2  10B5—10BASE-5  10B-F—10BASE-F  10B-FB—10BASE-FB  10B-FL—10BASE-FL  10B-FP—10BASE-FP  10B-T—10BASE-T  100B-FX—100BASE-FX  100B-T—100BASE-T  100B-TX—100BASE-TX  100BVG—100BASE-VG  286—Intel 80286 processor  2B1Q—2 Binary 1 Quaternary  2GL—Second-Generation Programming Language  2NF—Second Normal Form  3GL—Third-Generation Programming Language  3NF—Third Normal Form  386—Intel 80386 processor  486—Intel 80486 processor  4B5BLF—4 5 Byte Local Fiber  4GL—Fourth-Generation Programming Language  4NF—Fourth Normal Form  5GL—Fifth-Generation Programming Language  5NF—Fifth Normal Form  6NF—Sixth Normal Form  8B10BLF—8 Byte 10 Byte Local Fiber A

 AAT—Average Access Time  AA—Anti-Aliasing  AAA—Authentication Authorization, Accounting  AABB—Axis Aligned Bounding Box  AAC—Advanced Audio Coding  AAL—ATM Adaptation Layer  AALC—ATM Adaptation Layer Connection  AARP—AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol  ABCL—Actor-Based Concurrent Language  ABI—Application Binary Interface  ABM—Asynchronous Balanced Mode  ABR—Area Border Router  ABR—Auto Baud-Rate detection  ABR—Available Bitrate  ABR—Average Bitrate  AC—Acoustic Coupler  AC—Alternating Current  ACD—Automatic Call Distributor  ACE—Advanced Computing Environment  ACF—Advanced Communications Function  ACF NCP—Advanced Communications Function—Network Control Program  ACID—Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability  ACK—ACKnowledgement  ACK—Amsterdam Compiler Kit  ACL—Access Control List  ACL—Active Current Loop  ACM—Association for Computing Machinery  ACME—Automated Classification of Medical Entities  ACP—Airline Control Program  ACPI—Advanced Configuration and Power Interface  ACR—Allowed Cell Rate  ACR—Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio  AD—  AD—Administrative Domain  ADC—Analog-to-Digital Converter  ADC—Apple Display Connector  ADB—Apple Desktop Bus  ADCCP—Advanced Data Communications Control Procedures  ADO—ActiveX Data Objects  ADSL—Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line  ADT—Abstract Data Type  AE—Adaptive Equalizer  AES—Advanced Encryption Standard  AF—Anisotropic Filtering  AFP—  AGP—Accelerated Graphics Port  AH—Active Hub  AI—Artificial Intelligence  AIX—Advanced Interactive eXecutive  Ajax—Asynchronous JavaScript and XML  AL—Active Link  AL—Access List  ALAC—Apple Lossless Audio Codec  ALGOL—Algorithmic Language  ALSA—Advanced Sound Architecture  ALM—Application Life-cycle Management  ALU—Arithmetic and Logical Unit  AM—Active Matrix  AM—Access Method  AM—Active Monitor  AM—Allied Mastercomputer  AM—Amplitude Modulation  AMD—Advanced Micro Devices  AMQP—Advanced Message Queuing Protocol  AMR—Audio Modem Riser  ANN—Artificial Neural Network  ANSI—American National Standards Institute  ANT—Another Neat Tool  AoE—ATA over Ethernet  AOP—Aspect-Oriented Programming  APCI—Application-Layer Protocol Control Information  API—Application Programming Interface  APIC—Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller  APIPA—Automatic Private IP Addressing  APL—A Programming Language  APR—Apache Portable Runtime  ARC—Adaptive Replacement Cache  ARC—Advanced RISC Computing  ARIN—American Registry for Internet Numbers  ARM—Advanced RISC Machines  AROS—AROS Research Operating System  ARP—Address Resolution Protocol  ARPA—Address and Routing Parameter Area  ARPA—Advanced Research Projects Agency  ARPANET—Advanced Research Projects Agency Network  AS—Access Server  ASCII—American Standard Code for Information Interchange  ASG—Abstract Semantic Graph  ASIC—Application-Specific Integrated Circuit  ASIMO–Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility  ASLR–Address Space Layout Randomization  ASM—Algorithmic State Machine  ASMP—Asymmetric Multiprocessing  ASN.1—Abstract Syntax Notation 1  ASP—Active Server Pages  ASP—Application Service Provider  ASR—Asynchronous Signal Routine  AST—Abstract Syntax Tree  ASSP—Application-Specific Standard Product  AT—Advanced Technology  AT—Access Time  AT—Active Terminator  ATA—Advanced Technology Attachment  ATAG—Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines  ATAPI—Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface  ATM—Asynchronous Transfer Mode  AVC—  AVI—Audio Video Interleaved  AWK—Aho Weinberger Kernighan  AWT— [edit] B

 B2B—Business-to-Business  B2C—Business-to-Consumer  BAL—Basic Assembly Language  Bash—Bourne-again  BASIC—Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code  BBP—Baseband Processor  BBS—Bulletin Board System  BCD—Binary Coded Decimal  BCNF—Boyce–Codd normal form  BEEP—Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol  BER—Bit Error Rate  BFD—Binary File Descriptor  BFS—Breadth-First Search  BGP—Border Gateway Protocol  BiDi—Bi-Directional  bin—binary  BINAC—Binary Automatic Computer  BIND—Berkeley Internet Name Domain  BIOS—Basic Input Output System  BJT—Bipolar Junction Transistor  bit—binary digit  Blob—Binary large object  Blog—Web Log  BMP—Basic Multilingual Plane  BNC—Bayonet Neill-Concelman  BOINC—Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing  BOM—Byte Order Mark  BOOTP—Bootstrap Protocol  BPDU—Bridge Protocol Data Unit  BPEL—Business Process Execution Language  BPL—Broadband over Power Lines  bps—bits per second  BRR—Business Readiness Rating  BSA—Business Software Alliance  BSB—Backside Bus  BSD—Berkeley Software Distribution  BSoD—Blue Screen of Death  BSS—Block Started by Symbol  BT—BitTorrent  BT—Bluetooth  BTAM—Basic Telecommunications Access Method  BW—Bandwidth [edit] C

 CA—Certificate Authority  CAD—Computer-Aided Design  CAE—Computer-Aided Engineering  CAID—Computer-Aided Industrial Design  CAI—Computer-Aided Instruction  CAM—Computer-Aided Manufacturing  CAPTCHA—Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart  CAT – Computer-Aided Translation  CAQ—Computer-Aided Quality Assurance  CASE—Computer-Aided Software Engineering  cc—C Compiler  CD—Compact Disc  CDE—Common  CDMA—Code Division Multiple Access  CDN—Content Delivery Network  CDP—Continuous Data Protection  CD-R—CD-Recordable  CD-ROM—CD Read-Only Memory  CD-RW—CD-Rewritable  CDSA—Common Data Security Architecture  CERT—Computer Emergency Response Team  CES—Consumer Electronics Show  CF—Compact Flash  CFD—Computational Fluid Dynamics  CFG—Context-Free Grammar  CFG—Control Flow Graph  CG—Computer Graphics  CGA—Color Graphics Array  CGI—Common Gateway Interface  CGI—Computer-Generated Imagery  CGT—Computational Graph Theory  CHAP—Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol  CHS—Cylinder-Head-Sector  CIDR—Classless Inter-Domain Routing  CIFS—Common Internet Filesystem  CIM—Common Information Model  CISC—Complex Instruction Set Computer  CJK—Chinese, Japanese, and Korean  CJKV—Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese  CLI—Command Line Interface  CLR—Common Language Runtime  CM—Configuration Management  CM—Content Management  CMMI—Capability Maturity Model Integration  CMOS—Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor  CMS—Content Management System  CN—Canonical Name  CN—Common Name  CNC—Computer Numerical Control  CNR—Communications and Networking Riser  COBOL—Common Business-Oriented Language  COM—Component Object Model  CORBA—Common Object Request Broker Architecture  COTS—Commercial Off-The-Shelf  CPA—Cell Processor Architecture  CPA—Converged Packet Access  CPAN—Comprehensive Archive Network  CP/M—Control Program/Monitor  CPRI—Common Public Radio Interface  CPS—characters per second  CPU—Central Processing Unit  CR—Carriage Return  CRAN—Comprehensive R Archive Network  CRC—  CRLF—Carriage Return Line Feed  CRM—Customer Relationship Management  CRS—Computer Reservations System  CRT—Cathode Ray Tube  CRUD—Create, Read, Update and Delete  CS—Cable Select  CS—  CSE—Computer Science and Engineering  CSI—Common System Interface  CSP—Communicating Sequential Processes  CSRF—Cross-Site Request Forgery  CSS—Cascading Style Sheets  CSS—Content-Scrambling System  CSS—Closed Source Software  CSS—Cross-Site Scripting  CSV—Comma-Separated Values  CT—Computerized Tomography  CTAN—Comprehensive TeX Archive Network  CTCP—Client-To-Client Protocol  CTI—Computer Telephony Integration  CTL—Computational Tree Logic  CTM—Close To Metal  CTS—Clear To Send  CTSS—Compatible Time-Sharing System  CUA—Common User Access  CVS—Concurrent Versioning System [edit]

 DAC—Digital-To-Analog Converter  DAC—Discretionary Access Control  DAO—Data Access Objects  DAO—Disk-At-Once  DAP—Directory Access Protocol  DARPA—Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency  DAT—Digital Audio Tape  DB—Database  DBA—Database Administrator  DBCS—Double Byte Character Set  DBMS—Database Management System  DCC—Direct Client-to-Client  DCCP—Datagram Congestion Control Protocol  DCCA— Common Core Alliance  DCL—Data Control Language  DCMI—Dublin Core Metadata Initiative  DCOM—Distributed Component Object Model  DD—Double Density  DDE—Dynamic Data Exchange  DDL—Data Definition Language  DDoS—Distributed Denial of Service  DDR—Double Data Rate  DEC—Digital Equipment Corporation  DES—Data Encryption Standard  dev—development  DFA—Deterministic Finite Automaton  DFD—Data Flow Diagram  DFS—Depth-First Search  DFS—Distributed File System  DGD—Dworkin's Game Driver  DHCP—Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol  DHTML—Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language  DIF—Data Integrity Field  DIMM—Dual Inline Memory Module  DIN—Deutsches Institut für Normung  DIP—Dual In-line Package  DIVX—Digital Video Express  DKIM—Domain Keys Identified Mail  DL—Download  DLL—Dynamic Link Library  DLNA—Digital Living Network Alliance  DLP—Digital Light Processing  DMA—Direct Memory Access  DMCA—Digital Millennium Copyright Act  DMI—  DML—Data Manipulation Language  DML—Definitive Media Library  DMML—Definitive Multi Media Library  DMR—Dennis M. Ritchie  DN—Distinguished Name  DND—Drag-and-Drop  DNS—Domain Name System  DOCSIS—Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification  DOM—  DoS—Denial of Service  DOS—Disk Operating System  DP—Dot Pitch  DPC—Deferred Procedure Call  DPI—Deep Packet Inspection  DPI—Dots Per Inch  DPMI—DOS Protected Mode Interface  DPMS—Display Power Management Signaling  DRAM—Dynamic Random Access Memory  DR-DOS— - Disk Operating System  DRI—Direct Rendering Infrastructure  DRM—Digital Rights Management  DRM—  DSDL—Document Schema Definition Languages  DSDM—Dynamic Systems Development Method  DSL—Digital Subscriber Line  DSL—Domain-Specific Language  DSLAM—Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer  DSN—Database Source Name  DSN—Data Set Name  DSP—Digital Signal Processor  DSSSL—Document Style Semantics and Specification Language  DTD—Document Type Definition  DTE—Data Terminal Equipment  DTP—Desktop Publishing  DTR—Data Terminal Ready  DVD—Digital Versatile Disc  DVD—Digital Video Disc  DVD-R—DVD-Recordable  DVD-ROM—DVD-Read Only Memory  DVD-RW—DVD-Rewritable  DVI—  DVR— [edit] E

 EAI—Enterprise Application Integration  EAP—Extensible Authentication Protocol  EBCDIC—Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code  EBML—Extensible Binary Meta Language  ECC—Elliptic Curve Cryptography  ECMA—European Computer Manufacturers Association  ECN—Explicit Congestion Notification  ECOS—Embedded Configurable Operating System  EDA—Electronic Design Automation  EDI—Electronic Data Interchange  EDO—Extended Data Out  EDSAC—Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator  EDVAC—Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer  EEPROM—Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory  EFF—Electronic Frontier Foundation  EFI—Extensible Firmware Interface  EFM—Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation  EGA—Enhanced Graphics Array  EGP—Exterior Gateway Protocol  eID—electronic ID card  EIDE—Enhanced IDE  EIGRP—Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol  EISA—Extended Industry Standard Architecture  ELF—Extremely Low Frequency  ELF—Executable and Linkable Format  ELM—ELectronic Mail  EMACS—Editor MACroS  EMS—Expanded Memory Specification  ENIAC—Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer  EOF—End of File  EOL—End of Life  EOL—End of Line  EOM—End Of Message  EPIC—Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing  EPROM—Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory  ERP—Enterprise Resource Planning  ESCON—Enterprise Systems Connection  ESD—Electrostatic Discharge  ETL—Extract, Transform, Load  ESR— Steven Raymond  EUC—Extended Unix Code  EULA—End User License Agreement  EXT— [edit] F

 FAP—FORTRAN Assembly Program  FASM—Flat ASseMbler  FAT—File Allocation Table  FAQ—Frequently Asked Questions  FBDIMM—Fully Buffered Dual Inline Memory Module  FC-AL—Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop  FCB—File Control Block  FCS—Frame Check Sequence  FDC—Floppy Disk Controller  FDS—Fedora Directory Server  FDD—Floppy Disk Drive  FDDI—Fiber Distributed Data Interface  FDMA—Frequency-Division Multiple Access  FEC—Forward Error Correction  FEMB—Front-End Motherboard  FET—Field Effect Transistor  FHS—Filesystem Hierarchy Standard  FICON—FIber CONnectivity  FIFO—First In First Out  FIPS—Federal Information Processing Standards  FL—Function Level  FLAC—Free Lossless Audio Codec  FLOPS—FLoating-Point Operations Per Second  FLOSS—Free/Libre/Open Source Software  FOLDOC—Free On-line Dictionary of Computing  FOSDEM—Free and Open source Software Developers' European Meeting  FOSI—Formatted Output Specification Instance  FOSS—Free and Open Source Software  FP—Function Programming  FPGA—Field Programmable Gate Array  FPS—Floating Point Systems  FPU—Floating Point Unit  FRU—Field Replaceable Unit  FS—File System  FSB—Front Side Bus  FSF—Free Software Foundation  FSM—Finite State Machine  FTTC—Fiber To The Curb  FTTH—Fiber To The Home  FTTP—Fiber To The Premises  FTP—File Transfer Protocol  FQDN—Fully Qualified Domain Name  FUD—Fear Uncertainty Doubt  FWS—Folding White Space  FXP—File eXchange Protocol [edit] G

 G11N—Globalization  Gas—GNU Assembler  Gb—Gigabit  GB—  GCC—GNU Compiler Collection  GCJ—GNU Compiler for Java  GCR—Group Code Recording  GDB—GNU Debugger  GDI—Graphics Device Interface  GFDL—GNU Free Documentation License  GIF—Graphics Interchange Format  GIGO—Garbage In, Garbage Out  GIMP—GNU Image Manipulation Program  GIMPS—Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search  GIS—Geographic Information System  GLUT—OpenGL Utility Toolkit  GML—Geography Markup Language  GNOME—GNU Network Object Model Environment  GNU—GNU's Not Unix  GOMS—Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection rules  GPASM—GNU PIC ASseMbler  GPG—GNU Privacy Guard  GPGPU—General-Purpose Computing on Graphics Processing Units  GPIB—General-Purpose Instrumentation Bus  GPL—General Public License  GPL—General-Purpose Language  GPRS—General Packet Radio Service  GPT—GUID Partition Table  GPU—Graphics Processing Unit  GRUB—Grand Unified Boot-Loader  GSM—Global System for Mobile Communications  GTK+—GIMP Toolkit  GUI—  GUID—Globally Unique IDentifier  GWT— [edit] H

 HAL— Layer  HBA—Host Bus Adapter  HCI—Human Computer Interaction  HD—High Density  HDD—Hard Disk Drive  HCL—Hardware Compatibility List  HD DVD—High Definition DVD  HDL—Hardware Description Language  HDMI—High-Definition Multimedia Interface  HF—High Frequency  HHD—Hybrid Hard Drive  HID—Human Interface Device  HIG—Human Interface Guidelines  HIRD—Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth  HLASM—High Level ASseMbler  HMA—High Memory Area  HP—Hewlett-Packard  HPC—High-Performance Computing  HPFS—High Performance File System  HSM—Hierarchical Storage Management  HT—Hyper Threading  HTM—Hierarchical Temporal Memory  HTML—Hypertext Markup Language  HTTP—Hypertext Transfer Protocol  HTTPd—Hypertext Transport Protocol Daemon  HTX—HyperTransport eXpansion  HURD—Hird of Unix-Replacing Daemons  HVD—Holographic Versatile Disc  Hz—Hertz [edit] I

 I2C—Inter-Integrated Circuit  I18N—Internationalization  IANA—Internet Assigned Numbers Authority  iBCS—Intel Binary Compatibility Standard  IBM—International Business Machines  IC—Integrated Circuit  ICANN—Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers  ICE—In-Circuit Emulator  ICE—Intrusion Countermeasure Electronics  ICMP—Internet Control Message Protocol  ICP—Internet Cache Protocol  ICT—Information and Communication Technology  IDE—Integrated Development Environment  IDE—Integrated Drive Electronics  IDF—Intermediate Distribution Frame  IDL—Interface Definition Language  IDS—Intrusion Detection System  IE—Internet Explorer  IEC—International Electrotechnical Commission  IEEE—Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers  IETF—Internet Engineering Task Force  IFL—Integrated Facility for Linux  IGMP—Internet Group Management Protocol  IGRP—Interior Gateway Routing Protocol  IHV—Independent Hardware Vendor  IIOP—Internet Inter-Orb Protocol  IIS—Internet Information Services  IL—Intermediate Language  IM—Instant Messaging  IMAP—Internet Message Access Protocol  IME—Input Method Editor  INFOSEC—Information Systems Security  I/O—Input/Output  IP—Intellectual Property  IP—Internet Protocol  IPC—Inter-Process Communication  IPL—Initial Program Load  IPO—Inter Procedural Optimization  IPP—Internet Printing Protocol  IPS—Intrusion Prevention System  IPsec—Internet Protocol security  IPTV—Internet Protocol Television  IPX—Internetwork Packet Exchange  IRC—Internet Relay Chat  IrDA—Infrared Data Association  IRP—I/O Request Packet  IRQ—Interrupt Request  IS—Information Systems  ISA—Industry Standard Architecture  ISA—Instruction Set Architecture  ISAM—Indexed Sequential Access Method  ISC—Internet Storm Center  iSCSI—Internet Small Computer System Interface  ISDN—Integrated Services Digital Network  ISO—International Organization for Standardization  iSNS—Internet Storage Name Service  ISP—Internet Service Provider  ISPF—Interactive System Productivity Facility  ISR—Interrupt Service Routine  ISV—Independent Software Vendor  IT—Information Technology  ITL—Interval Temporal Logic  ITU—International Telecommunication Union [edit] J

 J2EE—Java 2 Enterprise Edition  J2ME—Java 2 Micro Edition  J2SE—Java 2 Standard Edition  JAXB—Java Architecture for XML Binding  JAX-RPC—Java XML for Remote Procedure Calls  JAXP—Java API for XML Processing  JBOD—Just a Bunch of Disks  JCE — Java Cryptography Extension  JCL—Job Control Language  JCP—Java Community Process  JDBC—Java Database Connectivity  JDK—Java Development Kit  JES—Job Entry Subsystem  JDS—Java Desktop System  JFC—Java Foundation Classes  JFET—Junction Field-Effect Transistor  JFS—IBM  JINI—Jini Is Not Initials  JIT—Just-In-Time  JMX—Java Management Extensions  JMS—Java Message Service  JNDI—Java Naming and Directory Interface  JNI—Java Native Interface  JNZ—Jump non-zero  JPEG—Joint Photographic Experts Group  JRE—Java Runtime Environment  JS—JavaScript  JSON—JavaScript Object Notation  JSP—Jackson Structured Programming  JSP—JavaServer Pages  JTAG—Joint Test Action Group  JUG—Java Users Group  JVM—Java Virtual Machine  jwz—Jamie Zawinski [edit] K  K&R—Kernighan and Ritchie  KB—Keyboard  Kb—Kilobit  KB—  KB—Knowledge Base  KDE—K Desktop Environment  kHz—Kilohertz  KM—Knowledge Machine  KRL—Knowledge Representation Language  KVM—Keyboard, Video, Mouse [edit] L

 L10N—Localization  L2TP—Layer two Tunneling Protocol  LAMP—Linux Apache MySQL Perl  LAMP—Linux Apache MySQL PHP  LAMP—Linux Apache MySQL Python  LAN—Local Area Network  LBA—  LCD—Liquid Crystal Display  LCOS—Liquid Crystal On Silicon  LDAP—Lightweight Directory Access Protocol  LE—Logical Extents  LED—Light-Emitting Diode  LF—Line Feed  LF—Low Frequency  LFS—Linux From Scratch  LGPL—Lesser General Public License  LIB—LIBrary  LIF—Low Insertion Force  LIFO—Last In First Out  LILO—Linux Loader  LISP—LISt Processing  LKML— Mailing List  LM—Lan Manager  LOC—Lines of Code  LPC—Lars Pensjö C  LPI—Linux Professional Institute  LPT — Line Print Terminal  LSB—Least Significant Bit  LSB—  LSI—Large-Scale Integration  LTL—Linear Temporal Logic  LTR—Left-to-Right  LUG—  LUN—Logical Unit Number  LV—Logical Volume  LVD—Low Voltage Differential  LVM—Logical Volume Management  LZW—Lempel-Ziv-Welch [edit] M

 MAC—Mandatory Access Control  MAC—Media Access Control  MAN—Metropolitan Area Network  MANET—Mobile Ad-Hoc Network  MAPI—Messaging Application Programming Interface  Mb—Megabit  MB—  MBCS—Multi Byte Character Set  MBR—  MCA—Micro Channel Architecture  MCA—Microsoft Certified Architect  MCAD—Microsoft Certified Application Developer  MCAS—Microsoft Certified Application Specialist  MCDBA—Microsoft Certified DataBase Administrator  MCDST—Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Technician  MCITP—Microsoft Certified Information Technology Professional  MCM—Microsoft Certified Master  MCP—Microsoft Certified Professional  MCPD—Microsoft Certified Professional Developer  MCSA—Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator  MCSD—Microsoft Certified Solution Developer  MCSE—Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer  MCT—Microsoft Certified Trainer  MCTS—Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist  MDA—Mail Delivery Agent  MDA—Model-Driven Architecture  MDA—Monochrome Display Adapter  MDF—Main Distribution Frame  MDI—Multiple Document Interface  ME—[Windows] Millennium Edition  MF—Medium Frequency  MFC—Microsoft Foundation Classes  MFM—Modified Frequency Modulation  MGCP—Media Gateway Control Protocol  MHz—Megahertz  MIB—Management Information Base  MICR—Magnetic Ink Character Recognition  MIDI—Musical Instrument Digital Interface  MIMD—Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data  MIMO—Multiple-Input Multiple-Output  MINIX—MIni-uNIX  MIPS—Million Instructions Per Second  MIPS—Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages  MIS—Management Information Systems  MISD—Multiple Instruction, Single Data  MIT—Massachusetts Institute of Technology  MIME—Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions  MMDS—Mortality Medical Data System  MMI—Man Machine Interface.  MMIO—Memory-Mapped I/O  MMORPG—Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game  MMU—Memory Management Unit  MMX—Multi-Media Extensions  MNG—Multiple-image Network Graphics  MoBo—Motherboard  MOM—Message-Oriented Middleware  MOO—MUD Object Oriented  MOS— Specialist  MOSFET—Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor  MOTD—Message Of The Day  MOUS—Microsoft Office User Specialist  MPAA—Motion Picture Association of America  MPEG—Motion Pictures Experts Group  MPL—Mozilla Public License  MPLS—Multiprotocol Switching  MPU—Microprocessor Unit  MS—  MS—Microsoft  MSB—Most Significant Bit  MS-DOS—Microsoft DOS  MT—Machine Translation  MTA—Mail Transfer Agent  MTA—Microsoft Technology Associate  MTBF—Mean Time Between Failures  MTU—Maximum Transmission Unit  MSA—Mail Submission Agent  MSDN—Microsoft Developer Network  MSI—Medium-Scale Integration  MSI—Microsoft Installer  MUA—Mail User Agent  MUD—Multi-User Dungeon  MVC—Model-View-Controller  MVP—Most Valuable Professional  MVS—Multiple Virtual Storage  MX—Mail exchange  MXF—Material Exchange Format [edit] N

 NACK—Negative ACKnowledgement  NAK—Negative AcKnowledge Character  NaN—Not a Number  NAS—Network-Attached Storage  NASM—Netwide ASseMbler  NAT—Network Address Translation  NCP—NetWare Core Protocol  NCQ—Native Command Queuing  NCSA—National Center for Supercomputing Applications  NDPS—Novell Distributed Print Services  NDS—Novell Directory Services  NEP—Network Equipment Provider  NetBIOS—Network Basic Input/Output System  NEXT—Near-End CrossTalk  NFA—Nondeterministic Finite Automaton  NFS—Network File System  NGL—aNGeL  NGSCB—Next-Generation Secure Computing Base  NI—National Instruments  NIC—Network Interface Controller  NIM—No Internal Message  NIO—New I/O  NIST—National Institute of Standards and Technology  NLP—Natural Language Processing  NLS—Native Language Support  NP—Nondeterministic Polynomial time  NPL—Netscape Public License  NPU—Network Processing Unit  NS—Netscape  NSA—National Security Agency  NSPR—Netscape Portable Runtime  NMI—Non-Maskable Interrupt  NNTP—Network News Transfer Protocol  NOC—Network Operations Center  NOP—No OPeration  NOS—Network Operating System  NPTL—Native POSIX Thread Library  NSS—Novell Storage Service  NSS—Network Security Services  NSS—Name Service Switch  NT—New Technology  NTFS—NT Filesystem  NTLM—NT Lan Manager  NTP—Network Time Protocol  NUMA—Non-Uniform Memory Access  NURBS—Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline  NVR—Network Video Recorder  NVRAM—Non-Volatile Random Access Memory [edit] O

 OASIS—Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards  OAT—Operational Acceptance Testing  OBSAI—Open Base Station Architecture Initiative  ODBC—Open DataBase Connectivity  OEM—Original Equipment Manufacturer  OES—Open Enterprise Server  OFTC—Open and Free Technology Community  OLAP—Online Analytical Processing  OLE—Object Linking and Embedding  OLED—Organic Light Emitting Diode  OLPC—One Laptop per Child  OLTP—Online Transaction Processing  OMF—Object Module Format  OMG—Object Management Group  OO—Object-Oriented  OO—OpenOffice.org  OOE—Out-of-Order Execution  OOM—Out Of Memory  OOo—OpenOffice.org  OoOE—Out-of-Order Execution  OOP—Object-Oriented Programming  OOTB—Out of the box  OPML—Outline Processor Markup Language  ORB—Object Request Broker  ORM—Oject-Relational Mapping  OS—Open Source  OS—Operating System  OSCON—O'Reilly Open Source CONvention  OSDN—Open Source Developer Network  OSI—Open Source Initiative  OSI—Open Systems Interconnection  OSPF—Open Shortest Path First  OSS—  OSS—Open-Source Software  OSS—Operations Support System  OSTG—Open Source Technology Group  OUI—Organizationally Unique Identifier [edit] P

 P2P—Peer-To-Peer  PAC—Programmable Automation Controller  PAN—Personal Area Network  PAP—Password Authentication Protocol  PARC—Palo Alto Research Center  PATA—Parallel ATA  PC—Personal Computer  PCB—Printed Circuit Board  PCB—Process Control Block  PC DOS—Personal Computer Disk Operating System  PCI—Peripheral Component Interconnect  PCIe—PCI Express  PCL—Printer Command Language  PCMCIA—Personal Computer International Association  PCM—Pulse-Code Modulation  PCRE—Perl Compatible Regular Expressions  PD—Public Domain  PDA—Personal Digital Assistant  PDF—Portable Document Format  PDP—Programmed Data Processor  PE—Physical Extents  PEBKAC—Problem Exists Between Keyboard And Chair  PERL—Practical Extraction and Reporting Language  PGA—Pin Grid Array  PGO—Profile-Guided Optimization  PGP—Pretty Good Privacy  PHP—PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor  PIC—Peripheral Interface Controller  PIC—Programmable Interrupt Controller  PID—Proportional-Integral-Derivative  PID—Process ID  PIM—Personal Information Manager  PINE—Program for Internet News and Email  PIO—Programmed Input/Output  PKCS—Public Key Cryptography Standards  PKI—Public Key Infrastructure  PLC—Power Line Communication  PLC—Programmable Logic Controller  PLD—Programmable Logic Device  PL/I—Programming Language One  PL/M—Programming Language for Microcomputers  PL/P—Programming Language for Prime  PLT—Power Line Telecoms  PMM—POST Memory Manager  PNG—Portable Network Graphics  PnP—Plug-and-Play  PoE—Power over Ethernet  POID—Persistent Object Identifier  POP—Point of Presence  POP3—Post Office Protocol v3  POSIX—Portable Operating System Interface  POST—Power-On Self Test  PPC—PowerPC  PPI—Pixels Per Inch  PPP—Point-to-Point Protocol  PPPoA—PPP over ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)  PPPoE—PPP over Ethernet  PPTP—Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol  PRM—Partner Relationship Management  PS—PostScript  PSA—Professional Services Automation  PS/2—Personal System/2  PSU—Power Supply Unit  PSVI—Post-Schema-Validation Infoset  PTS-DOS—PhysTechSoft - Disk Operating System  PV—Physical Volume  PVG—Physical Volume Group  PVR—Personal Video Recorder  PXE—Preboot Execution Environment  PXI—PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation [edit] Q

 QDR—Quad Data Rate  QA—Quality Assurance  QFP—Quad Flat Package  QoS—Quality of Service  QOTD—Quote of the Day  —Quasar Toolkit  QTAM—Queued Teleprocessing Access Method [edit] R

 RACF—Resource Access Control Facility  RAD—Rapid Application Development  RADIUS—Remote Authentication Dial In User Service  RAID—Redundant Array of Independent Disks  RAID—Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks  RAIT—Redundant Array of Inexpensive Tapes  RAM—Random Access Memory  RARP—Reverse Address Resolution Protocol  RAS—Reliability, Availability and Serviceability  RAS—Remote Access Service  RRAS Routing and Remote Access Service  RC—Region Code  RC—Release Candidate  RC—Run Commands  RCS—Revision Control System  RDBMS—Relational DataBase Management System  RDF—Resource Description Framework  RDM—Relational Data Model  RDOS—Real-time Disk Operating System  RDS—Remote Data Services  REFAL—REcursive Functions Algorithmic Language  REST—Representational State Transfer  regex—Regular Expression  regexp—Regular Expression  REMB—Read-Out MotherBoard  RF—Radio Frequency  RFC—Request For Comments  RFI—Radio Frequency Interference  RFID—Radio Frequency Identification  RGB—Red, Green, Blue  RGBA—Red, Green, Blue, Alpha  RHL— Linux  RHEL—  RIA—Rich Internet Application  RIAA—Recording Industry Association of America  RIP—Raster Image Processor  RIP—Routing Information Protocol  RIR—Regional Internet registry  RISC—Reduced Instruction Set Computer  RISC OS—Reduced Instruction Set Computer Operating System  RLE—Run-Length Encoding  RLL—Run-Length Limited  RMI—Remote Method Invocation  RMS—Richard Matthew Stallman  ROM—Read Only Memory  ROMB—Raid On MotherBoard  ROM-DOS—Read Only Memory - Disk Operating System  RPC—Remote Procedure Call  RPG—Report Program Generator  RPM—RPM  RSA—Rivest Shamir Adleman  RSI—Repetitive Strain Injury  RSS—Radio Service Software  RSS—Rich Site Summary, RDF Site Summary, or Really Simple Syndication  RTAI—Real-Time Application Interface  RTC—Real-Time Clock  RTE—Real-Time Enterprise  RTEMS—Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems  RTL—Right-to-Left  RTOS—Real-Time Operating System  RTP—Real-time Transport Protocol  RTS—Ready To Send  RTSP—Real Time Streaming Protocol [edit] S

 SaaS—Software as a Service  SAN—Storage Area Network  SATA—Serial ATA  SAX—Simple API for XML  SBOD—Spinning Beachball of Death  SBP-2—Serial Bus Protocol 2  sbin—superuser binary  SBU—Standard Unit  SCADA—Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition  SCID—Source Code in Database  SCM—Software Configuration Management  SCM—Source Code Management  SCP—Secure Copy  SCPI—Standard Commands for Programmable Instrumentation  SCSI—Small Computer System Interface  SCTP—Stream Control Transmission Protocol  SD—Secure Digital  SDDL—Security Descriptor Definition Language  SDI—Single Document Interface  SDIO—Secure Digital Input Output  SDK—Software Development Kit  SDL—Simple DirectMedia Layer  SDN—Service Delivery Network  SDP—Session Description Protocol  SDR—Software-Defined Radio  SDRAM—Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory  SDSL—Symmetric DSL  SE—Single Ended  SEAL—Semantics-directed Environment Adaptation Language  SEI—Software Engineering Institute  SEO—Search Engine Optimization  SFTP—Secure FTP  SFTP—Simple File Transfer Protocol  SFTP—SSH File Transfer Protocol  SGI—, Incorporated  SGML—Standard Generalized Markup Language  SHA—Secure Hash Algorithm  SHDSL—Single-pair High-speed Digital Subscriber Line  SIGCAT—Special Interest Group on CD-ROM Applications and Technology  SIGGRAPH—Special Interest Group on Graphics  SIMD—Single Instruction, Multiple Data  SIMM—Single Inline Memory Module  SIP—Session Initiation Protocol  SIP—Supplementary Ideographic Plane  SISD—Single Instruction, Single Data  SISO - Single-Input and Single-Output  SLED—SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop  SLES—SUSE Linux Enterprise Server  SLI—Scalable Link Interface  SLIP—Serial Line Internet Protocol  SLM—Service Level Management  SLOC—Source Lines of Code  SPMD—Single Program, Multiple Data  SMA—SubMiniature version A  SMB—Server Message Block  SMBIOS—System Management BIOS  SMIL—Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language  S/MIME—Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions  SMP—Supplementary Multilingual Plane  SMP—Symmetric Multi-Processing  SMS—Short Message Service  SMS—System Management Server  SMT—Simultaneous Multithreading  SMTP—Simple Mail Transfer Protocol  SNA—Systems Network Architecture  SNMP—Simple Network Management Protocol  SNTP—Simple Network Time Protocol  SOA—Service-Oriented Architecture  SOE—Standard Operating Environment  SOAP—Simple Object Access Protocol  SoC—System-on-a-Chip  SO-DIMM—Small Outline DIMM  SOHO—Small Office/Home Office  SOI—Silicon On Insulator  SP—Service Pack  SPA—Single Page Application  SPF—Sender Policy Framework  SPI—Serial Peripheral Interface  SPI—Stateful Packet Inspection  SPARC—Scalable Processor Architecture  SQL—Structured Query Language  SRAM—Static Random Access Memory  SSD—Software Specification Document  SSD—Solid-State Drive  SSE—Streaming SIMD Extensions  SSH—Secure Shell  SSI—Server Side Includes  SSI—Single-System Image  SSI—Small-Scale Integration  SSID—Service Set Identifier  SSL—Secure Socket Layer  SSP—Supplementary Special-purpose Plane  SSSE—Supplementary Streaming SIMD Extensions  su—superuser  SUS—Single UNIX Specification  SUSE—Software und System-Entwicklung  SVC—Scalable Video Coding  SVG—Scalable Vector Graphics  SVGA—Super Video Graphics Array  SVD—Structured VLSI Design  SWF—Shock Wave Flash  SWT—Standard  Sysop—System operator [edit] T

 TAO—Track-At-Once  TASM—Turbo Assembler  TB—Tera-Byte  Tcl—Tool Command Language  TCP—Transmission Control Protocol  TCP/IP—Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol  TCU—Telecommunication Control Unit  TDMA—Time Division Multiple Access  TFT—Thin Film Transistor  TI—Texas Instruments  TLA—Three-Letter Acronym  TLD—Top-Level Domain  TLS—Thread-Local Storage  TLS—Transport Layer Security  tmp—temporary  TNC—Terminal Node Controller  TNC—Threaded Neill-Concelman connector  TPF—Transaction Processing Facility  TROFF—Trace Off  TRON—Trace On  TRON—The Real-time Operating system Nucleus  TRS-DOS—Tandy Radio Shack - Disk Operating System  TSO—Time Sharing Option  TSP—Traveling Salesman Problem  TSR—Terminate and Stay Resident  TTA—True Tap Audio  TTF—TrueType Font  TTL—Transistor-Transistor Logic  TTL—Time To Live  TTS—Text-to-Speech  TTY—Teletype  TUCOWS—The Ultimate Collection of Winsock Software  TUG—TeX Users Group  TWAIN—Technology Without An Interesting Name [edit] U

 UAAG—User Agent Accessibility Guidelines  UAC—  UART—Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter  UAT—User Acceptance Testing  UCS—Universal Character Set  UDDI—Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration  UDMA—Ultra DMA  UDP—User Datagram Protocol  UEFI—Unified Extensible Firmware Interface  UHF—Ultra High Frequency  UI—User Interface  UL—Upload  ULA—Uncommitted Logic Array  UMA—Upper Memory Area  UMB—Upper Memory Block  UML—Unified Modeling Language  UML—User-Mode Linux  UMPC—Ultra-Mobile Personal Computer  UNC—Universal Naming Convention  UPS—Uninterruptible Power Supply  URI—Uniform Resource Identifier  URL—Uniform Resource Locator  URN—Uniform Resource Name  USB—Universal Serial Bus  usr—user  USR—U.S. Robotics  UTC—Coordinated Universal Time  UTF— Transformation Format  UTP—Unshielded Twisted Pair  UUCP—Unix to Unix Copy  UUID—Universally Unique Identifier  UUN—Universal User Name  UVC—Universal Virtual Computer  UX—User Experience [edit] V

 var—variable  VAX—Virtual Address eXtension  VCPI—Virtual Control Program Interface  VR—Virtual Reality  VRML—Virtual Reality Modeling Language  VB—Visual Basic  VBA—Visual Basic for Applications  VBS—Visual Basic Script  VDSL—Very High Bitrate Digital Subscriber Line  VESA—Video Electronics Standards Association  VFAT—Virtual FAT  VFS—Virtual File System  VG—Volume Group  VGA—Video Graphics Array  VHF—Very High Frequency  VLAN—Virtual Local Area Network  VLSM—Variable Length Subnet Mask  VLB—Vesa Local Bus  VLF—Very Low Frequency  VLIW—Very Long Instruction Word  VLSI—Very-Large-Scale Integration  VM—Virtual Machine  VM—Virtual Memory  VNC—Virtual Network Computing  VOD—Video On Demand  VoIP—Voice over Internet Protocol  VPN—Virtual Private Network  VPU—Visual Processing Unit  VSAM—Virtual Storage Access Method  VSAT—Very Small Aperture Terminal  VT—Video Terminal?  VTAM—Virtual Telecommunications Access Method [edit] W

 W3C— Consortium  WAFS—Wide Area File Services  WAI—Web Accessibility Initiative  WAIS—Wide Area Information Server  WAN—Wide Area Network  WAP—Wireless Access Point  WAP—Wireless Application Protocol  WASM—Watcom ASseMbler  WBEM—Web-Based Enterprise Management  WCAG—Web Content Accessibility Guidelines  WCF—Windows Communication Foundation  WDM—Wavelength-Division Multiplexing  WebDAV—WWW Distributed Authoring and Versioning  WEP—Wired Equivalent Privacy  WFI—Wait For Interrupt  Wi-Fi—Wireless Fidelity  WiMAX—Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access  WinFS—Windows Future Storage  WINS—Windows Internet Name Service  WLAN—Wireless Local Area Network  WMA—Windows Media Audio  WMV—Windows Media Video  WOL—Wake-on-LAN  WOM—Wake-on-Modem  WOR—Wake-on-Ring  WPA—Wi-Fi Protected Access  WPAN—Wireless Personal Area Network  WPF—Windows Presentation Foundation  WSDL—Web Services Description Language  WSFL—Web Services Flow Language  WUSB—Wireless Universal Serial Bus  WWAN—Wireless Wide Area Network  WWID—World Wide Identifier  WWN—World Wide Name  WWW—World Wide Web  WYSIWYG—What You See Is What You Get  WZC—Wireless Zero Configuration [edit] X

 XAG—XML Accessibility Guidelines  XAML—eXtensible Application Markup Language  XDM—X Window Display Manager  XDMCP—X Display Manager Control Protocol  XCBL—XML Common Business Library  XHTML—eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language  XILP—X Interactive ListProc  XML—eXtensible Markup Language  XMMS—X Multimedia System  XMPP—eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol  XMS—Extended Memory Specification  XNS—Xerox Network Systems  XP—Cross-Platform  XP—Extreme Programming  XPCOM—Cross Platform Component Object Model  XPI—XPInstall  XPIDL—Cross-Platform IDL  XSD—XML Schema Definition  XSL—eXtensible Stylesheet Language  XSL-FO—eXtensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects  XSLT—eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations  XSS—Cross-Site Scripting  XTF—eXtensible Tag Framework  XTF—eXtended Triton Format  XUL—XML User Interface Language [edit] Y

 Y2K—Year Two Thousand  YAAF—Yet Another  YACC—Yet Another Compiler Compiler  YAML—YAML Ain't Markup Language  YaST—Yet another Setup Tool [edit] Z

 ZCAV—Zone Constant Angular Velocity  ZCS—Zero Code Suppression  ZIF—Zero Insertion Force  ZIFS—Zero Insertion Force Socket  ZISC—Zero Instruction Set Computer  ZOPE—Z Object Publishing Environment  ZMA—Zone Multicast Address  ZPL—Z-level Programming Language

--- A --- ACPI - Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ACR - Advanced Communications Riser ADC - Analog to Digital Converter ADPCM - Adaptive Differential Pulse-Code Modulation ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port ALI - Acer Labs, Incorporated ALU - Arithmetic Logic Unit AM - Active Matrix AMD - Advanced Micro Devices AMR - Audio Modem Riser ANSI - American National Standards Institute APM - Advanced Power Management ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASIC - Application Specific Integrated Circuit ASPI - Advanced SCSI Programming Interface AT - Advanced Technology ATA - Advanced Technology Attachment ATAPI - AT Attachment Packet Interface ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATX - Advanced Technology Extended --- B --- BGA - Ball Grid Array BIOS - Basic Input Output System BIT - Binary Digit BNC - Barrel Nut Connector BNC - Berkeley Nuclear Connector BNC - British Naval Connector BSRAM - Burst Static Random Access Memory --- C --- CAS - Column Address Signal CAV - Constant Angular Velocity CD - Compact Disk CDR - Compact Disk Recorder CDRW - Compact Disk Re-Writer CDTV - Commodore Dynamic Total Vision CD-ROM - Compact Disk - Read Only Memory CFM - Cubic Feet per Minute (ft³/min) CGA - Color Graphics Adapter CISC - Complex Instruction Set Computer CLV - Constant Linear Velocity CMOS - Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor CMYK - Cyan Magenta Yellow Black COAST - Cache On A Stick CNR - Communication Network Riser CPRM - Copyright Protection for Recordable Media CPU - Central Processing Unit CSU/DSU - Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check CRIMM - Continuity Rambus Inline Memory Module CRT - Cathode Ray Tube --- D --- DAC - Digital-to-Analog Converter DACS - Digital Access and Cross-connect System DAE - Digital Audio Extraction DDC - Display Data Channel DDR - Double Data Rate DDR-SDRAM - Double Data Rate - Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory DEC - Digital Equipment Corporation DIMM - Dual Inline Memory Module DIP - Dual Inline Pin DMA - Direct Memory Access DOCSIS - Data Over Cable Systems Interface Specifications DRAM - Dynamic Random Access Memory DPI - Dots Per Inch DS/DD - Double Sided, Double Density DS/HD - Double Sided, High Density DSL - Digital Subscriber Line DSP - Digital Signal Processing DSTN - Dual Supertwisted Nematic DUN - Dial Up Networking DVD - Digital Versatile Disc DVD-RAM - Digital Versatile Disk - Random Access Memory --- E --- EBps - Exabytes per second Ebps - Exabits per second ECC - Error Correction Code ECP - Enhanced Capability Port EDO - Extended Data Out EEPROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory EGA - Enhanced Graphics Adapter EGA - Enhanced Graphics Array EIDE - Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics EIAJ - Electronics Industry Association of Japan EISA - Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture EMI - Electro-Magnetic Interference EMS - Expanded Memory Specification ESDRAM - Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic DRAM EPIC - Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing EPP - Enhanced Parallel Port ESD- Electro-Static Discharge EWSD - Electronic Worldwide Switch Digital --- F --- FC-PGA - Flip Chip Pin Grid Array FDC - Floppy Disk Controller FDD - Floppy Disk Drive FDDI - Fiber Distributed Data Interconnect FeRAM - Ferroelectric Random Access Memory FIFO - First In First Out FLOPS - Floating Point Operations per Second FMD - Flourescent Multi-layer Disk FMD-ROM - Flourescent Multi-layer Disk - Read Only Memory FPGA - Field-Programmable Gate Array FPM - Fast Page Mode FPS - Frame Per Second FPU - Floating Point Unit FSAA - Full Screen Anti-Aliasing FSB - Front Side Bus FXSR - Fast Save and Restore --- G --- GART - Graphics Address Remapping Table GB - GBps - Gigabytes per second Gbps - Gigabits per second GDI - Graphical Device Interface GFD - Gold Finger Device GHz - GigaHertz GPA - Graphics Performance Accelerator GPU - Graphics Processing Unit GSR - Gigabit Switched Router GTS - GigaTexel Shader --- H --- HCI - Human-Computer Interaction/Interface HDD - Hard Disk Drive HIPPI - High Performance Parallel Interface HPA - High Performance Addressing HSF - Heat Sink and Fan HSR - Hidden Surface Removal HardOCP - Hard Overclocker Comparison Page --- I --- IBM - International Business Machines Corporation IC - Integrated Circuit ICH - I/O Controller Hub IDE - Integrated Drive Electronics IDSL - ISDN Digital Subscriber Line IEEE - Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers IFTTC - Integrated Fiber To The Curb IFITL - Integrated Fiber In The Loop IHA - Intel Hub Architecture I/O - Input/Output IR - Infra Red IRQ - Interrupt Request ISA - Industry Standard Architecture ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network ISO - International Standards Organization --- J --- JBOD - Just a Bunch Of Disks --- K --- Kbps - Kilobits Per Second KBps - per second KNI - Katmai New Instructions KVM - Keyboard Video Mouse --- L --- LASER - Light Amplified by Stimulated Emissions of Radiation LBA - Logical Block Addressing LCD - Liquid Crystal Display LDT - Lightning Data Transport LED - Light Emitting Diode LIF - Low Insertion Force LIFO - Last In First Out LMA - Lightspeed Memory Architecture LPT - Line Print Terminal LUN - Logical Unit Number LVD - Low-Voltage Differential --- M --- MAC - Media Access Control MB - MotherBoard MB - Megabyte MBps - Per Second Mbps - Megabits Per Second MC - Micro-Channel MCA - Micro Channel Architecture MCE Machine Check Exception MCGA - Multi-Color Graphic Array MDRAM - Multibank Dynamic Random Access Memory MEMS - Micro-Electromechanical Systems MFLOPS - Millions of FLoating point Operations Per Second MFM - Modified Frequency Modulation MHz - MegaHertz MIPS - Million Instructions Per Second MMX - Multi-Media Extensions Modem - Modulate/Demodulate MTRR - Memory Type Range Registers --- N --- NAS - Network Attached Storage NAT - Network Address Translation NFG - Not Functioning Good NIC - Network Interface Card --- O --- OC - Overclock (Over Clock) OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer OTFT - Organic Thin-Film Transistor --- P --- PA-RISC - Precision Archetecture Reduced Instruction Set Computing PAL - Phase Alternation Line PAN - Personal Area Network PAT - Port Address Translation Pb - Peta byte PBC - Pipelined Burst Cache PC - Personal Computer PCB - Printed Circuit Board PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect PCM - Pulse Code Modulation PCMCIA - Peripheral Component Microchannel Interconnect Architecture PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory Card International Association PGA - Professional Graphics Array PIO - Programmable Input/Output PIXEL - Picture Element PLD - Programmable Logic Device PnP - Plug 'n Play POST - Power On Self Test POTS - Plain Old Telephone System PPGA - Plastic Pin Grid Array PPP - Point to Point Protocol PPPoA - Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM PPPoE - Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet PRAM - Parameter Random Access Memory PROM - Programmable Read-Only Memory PSU - Power Supply Unit PWM - Pulse Width Modulation --- Q --- QDR - Quadruple Data Rate --- R --- RADSL - Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks RAID - Redundant Array of Independant Disks RAM - Random Access Memory RAMDAC - Random Access Memory Digital Analog Convertor RAS - Row Address Strobe RDRAM - Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory RGB - Red Green Blue RIMM - Rambus Inline Memory Module RISC - Reduced Instruction Set Computing RLL - Run Length Limited ROM - Read Only Memory RPM - Revolutions Per Minute --- S --- SAN - Storage Area Network SASID - Self-scanned Amorphous Silicon Integrated Display SCA - SCSI Configured Automatically SCSI - Small Computer System Interface SDRAM - Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory SDSL - Synchronus Digital Subscriber Line SECC - Single Edge Contact Connector SEP - Single Edge Processor SEPP - Single Edge Processor Package SGI - Silicon Graphics Incorporated SGRAM - Synchronous Graphics RAM SIMD - Single Instruction-Stream, Multiple Data-Stream SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module SLI - Scan Line Interleave SLIP - Serial Line Internet Protocol SMDS - Switched Multimegabit Data Service SMP - Symmetric MultiProcessing SNR - Signal to Noise Ratio SODIMM - Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module SPARC - Scalable Processor ArChitecture SOHO - Small Office Home Office SRAM - Static Random Access Memory SSE - Streaming SIMD Extensions STN - Supertwisted Nematic STP - Shieled Twisted Pair SVGA - Super Video Graphics Array S/PDIF - Sony/Philips Digital Interface --- T --- TB - Terabytes TBps - Terabytes per second Tbps - Terabits per second TEC - Thermoelectric Cooler TFT - Thin Film Transistor THz - TeraHertz TIM - Thermal Interface Material TNT - TwiN Texel TOPS - Theoretical Operations Per Second TSOP - Thin Small Outline Package TTL - Transistor Transistor Logic TWAIN - Technology Without An Important Name --- U --- UART - Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter UDMA - Ultra Direct Memory Access UMA - Unified Memory Architechture UPS - Uninteruptible Power Supply USB - Universal Serial Bus UTP - Unshieled Twisted Pair --- V --- VCD - Video CD VCM - Virutal Channel Memory VCRAM - Virtual Channel Read Access Memory VDSL - Very High Data Digital Subscriber Line VESA - Video Electronics Standards Association VFD - Vacuum-Flourescent Displays VGA - Video Graphics Array VIVO - Video In, Video Out VLB - VESA Local Bus VPN - Virtual Private Network VRAM - Video Random Access Memory --- W --- WORM - Write-Once Read-Many WRAM - Window Random Access Memory WYSIWYG - What You See Is What You Get --- X --- XGA - Extended Graphics Array XMS - Extended Memory Specification XT - Extended Technology --- Y ------Z --- ZIF - Zero Insertion Force ZV - Zoomed Video