EPISCOPAL. CHURCHPEOPLE for a FREE SOUTHERN AFRICA E 339 Lafayette Street, New York, N.Y. 10012·2725 C (2' 2) 4n-0066 FAX: (212) 979 -1 013 S A #129 10 October 1992

It I S not a marriage nor an alliance of convenience but n:lther a cuddling up - for the time being. The white ultIB. right and the black ultra right in are drawn together by their COIIlIOn perception of being left behind by the flow of history. These satellite groups circle about the dynamic core - the center stage COJI'Im3.I1ded by Presidents Mandela and De Klerk. The racial tribal chieftains are capable of igniting chaos on a scale not heretofore seen and a Balkans-like splintering is quite possible; they will thrash out their innate differences later in the customary m:mner. But they shouldn I t worry. De Klerk and his security forces need them and, embarrassing as they may be, Pn=toria will not abandon these useful tribal groups.

The search for a derrocratic South Africa goes on. Talks between the African National Con­ gress and continue by fits and starts. The ANC persists in bringing to life the tenns of last year I s national peace accord, especially the agreement that all political parties have free access to South Africans in all parts of the country. The tribal chiefs, fearful of the people they lord over and directed by their masters in Pretoria, block this effort - as brutally shown at the massacre in the . The ANC focuses on the bantus­ tans of and Kwa Zulu, the domain of Gatsha Buthelezi. The struggle continues. Army chief increases attacks onANC has com­ that Mr de. KJerk was right in pur­ plained to President FW de suing a negotiated political settle­ KJerk, it was learnt yesterday, Public statements reflect the deepening discontent among South ment. "The army, besides, is tradi­ about the increasing political pro­ African military leaders, writes John Carlin in Johannesburg tionally the most hardline wing of minence the chief of the South Af­ the SADF. Not only are they tra­ rican army has acquired in recent ditionally more conservative, they weeks after a number of public of the Nation), was stock-piling Judge Richard Goldstone, ap­ are much more implicated in dirty outbursts against the African Na­ weapons near Bisho in prepara­ pointed by Mr de KJerk to chair an tricks." Which is the main reason tional Congress. Lieutenant-Gen­ tion for military attacks. inquiry into political violence, for why army generals were particu­ eral George Meiring has in the On 25 September, the day be­ army Special Forces' Battalion 32 larly upset at the government's process confmned allegations that fore the government-ANC sum­ to be removed from "peace-keep­ failure in the agreement reached , army intelligence continues, in vi­ mit, the general said Umkhonto ing duties" in the townships. "I with the ANC on 26 September to I olation of official policy, to moru­ members from all over the country will deploy 32 Battalion where and secure a promised linkage be­ tor the activities of the ANC in­ had been moved by road and air to when needed," be said, prompting tween the prisoners' release and a side the country. as part of a plan forcibly to Judge Goldstone to issue a state­ blanket arr.nesty extending to all Mr Mandela raised the issue disrupt an 1nkatha rally at ment in which he remarked upon members of the security officers. with Mr de KJerk in what is under­ KwaMashu township. He said the "what can generously be de­ Someone else who is upset by stood to have been a telephone Umkhonto operatives were mov­ scribed as an unhelpful response the government-ANC agreement conversation before their peace ing weapons into the area in pre­ from a senior member of the is the Inkatha leader, Mangosuthu summit in Johannesburg 10 days paration for attacks on Zulu head­ South African Defence Force". Buthelezi. Chid Buthelezi, whose ago. But since then General Mei­ men loyal to 1nkatha. In the same speech General conservative Zulu organisation is ring has only stepped up his anti­ "The movement of people and Meiring added that there was no known to have had c1ose'links with ANC campaign. What originally weapons into KwaZuJu where ten­ possibility of the battalion being military intelligence, shares the upset Mr Mandela were state­ sion is already unacceptably high disbanded. Six weeks later Mr de right-wing view that the govern­ ments by the general, second only can only be regarded as danger­ KJerk, responding to national and ment is selling out the country to to the South African Defence ous, sinister and reckless," Gen­ international pressure, went the ANC. On Sunday he issued a Force chief, General "Kat" Lie­ eral Meiring said. As it turned out, ahead and did just that. statement which, as an alarmed benberg, in the military hierarchy, nothing happened at KwaMashu A military expert who asked senior diplomat observed, must in the days prior to the massacre to substantiate his claims. that his identity should not be dis­ have gladdened the generals' 8t Bisho on 7 September in which General Meiring again picked closed said yesterday that the hearts. He.announced he would 29 died. General Meiring warned up the theme on Friday. Now, he problem lay in General Meiring's, not re-enter constitutional negoti­ at the time that, according to his said, Umhkonto was poised to and indeed General Liebenberg's, ations until Umkhonto weSizwe information, the ANC's military start a sabotage campaign against failure to accept either that the - which he termed the ANC's wing, .lJm:kho,nto weSizwe (Spear government installations. There is BUlhelezi: angry al ANC deal war against the ANC was over or "nnh!ess army" - was disbanded. ~ THE INDEPENDENT Tuesday 6 October 1992 THE GUARDIAN Right unites Wednesday October 7 1992 againstANC De Klerk's anxiety about allies leads to attack on ANC and Pretoria omeland lea ers 0llEF warned of Zulu secession. Briga­ From John Carlin talk to whi e right dier spoke of wax. in Johannesburg President prom­ ised to keep anarchy at bay. And South Africa's emergent new Andries Treumicht pledged that, right spoke with great belliger­ if it came to it, his people would ence, but the seriousness of their fight in defence of their new­ message was undermined by re­ Klerk of appeasing the ANC marches and called on it to halt Patrick Laurence and leading South Africans on underground activities. found black brothers. current deviations into faxce - a in Johannesburg The leaders of the Inkatha terrain in which Brigadier Gqozo the path to "socialist tyranny". Mr De Klerk was interrupted Freedom ParI)', the "indepen­ excelled. He came to power in a He alleged that Ciskei - like repeatedly by loud applau5C as dent" Ciskei homeland, the "inde­ roup and enjoys lillie support, but HREE of President Bophuthatswana a nominally he accused the ANC of intoler· F. W. de Klerk's poten· sovereign state - had been pre­ pendent" Bophuthatswana home­ he spoke ardently and unblush­ ance and condemned its plans ingly of the need for "men of hon­ tial black allies held vented from putting its case by to march on the capitals of land and the right-wing Con­ talks with his rightwing "sly means". KwaZulu and Bophuthatswana. servative Party met yesterday in a our", for "legitimate leaders" in­ T rivals yesterday, Andries Chief Buthelezi, leader of the "Marches that could resull in hotel north of Johannesburg to stead of"fools who don't serve the Trcurnicht of the Conservative Zulu·based Inkatha Freedom violence should not take place. make rommon cause against the people but serve themselves". Party and Andries Beyers of Party, has withdrawn his The government is duty bound diabolical alliance thev see brew­ The craggy-faced gentlemen of the Ilew Afrikaner Volksunie organisation from negotiations to prevent such marches," he ing berween the Africim National the Conservative PaIl)' looked on (people's union). in protest against the Mandela· said. Congress and Pretoria. approvingly, applauding the The three black leaders ­ De Klerk accord. He has set a But the government wouln 'I Chief Buthelezi. the force be­ homeland troika's every rhetorical Mangosuthu Buthelezi, Lucas condition for his return: disso­ not resort to emergency rule. hind the event, said it was time to flight. In one of the tea-breaks, Dr Manl:ope and Oupa Gqozo, all lution of the ANC's under· mass detentions or bannings to prepaxe rontingency plans. "The Treurnicht, a minister of the heads of tribal territories estab· ground army, Umkhonto we curb protest. ultimate extremity of political ac- Dutch Reformed Church, took lished under - have Sizwe, and surrender of its Bophuthatswana also flexed . lion for me will be secession ... I Brigadier Gqozo aside and, rom­ condemned an agreement arms caches. its muscles and warned the just pray that negotiations should menting on the massacre the reached between Mr De Klerk The ANC response has been ANC that a march on the terri· DOl fail to the extent that such ex­ Ciskei soldiers carried out a and Nelson Mandela of the Afri· twofold. It rejected the call to tory would lead to bloodshed. treme decisions axe foisted on all month ago. remarked: "What you can National Congress 10 days disband its army until the in· Brig Gqozo said that the neo­ of us willy-nilly." did was absolutely morally justifi­ ago. stallation of an interim govern· Nazi paramilitary Afrikaner Brigadier Gqozo - dubbed able." President Mangope of Bo· ment of national unity. But it Resistance Movement (AWB) "the Butcher of Bisho" bv ANC The potential was there for the phuthatswana threatened yes· added that its executive "would had promised to provide Ciskei supporters - said that 'the de establishment of an alliance. Such terday to withdraw from consti· favourably consider a meeting with military support if the KJerk government, by capitulating taIk, the delegates said, was pre­ tutional negotiations if the De between the ANC and the IFP ANC again entered his terri· Klerk administration and the at presidential level". tory. Last month Ciskei police to the ANC, was leading South mature. But on the agenda for the ANC continued to decide issues There are clear signs of anxi­ killed 29 people during adem· session closed to the press yester­ Africa on the road to "African S0­ in advance behind closed doors ety in the ruling National Party onstration in the capital. Bisho. cialist tyranny". Sounding uncan­ day afternoon was exaInination of and then present them as a fait at the prospect of losing its al· At the National Party con· nily like the extreme right-wing an Inkatha document entitled accompli. lies, matched by delight in gress. Gerrit Viljocn. the mini~· Eugene Terreblanche, with whom "Possible future liaison and future "Bophuthatswana is still rightwing circles at the oppor· ter of state alTairs. gave notice he held talks on Monday evening, joint strategy and tactics". When committed to democratic nego· tunity of forming a political that the government did not ac· Brigadier Gqozo said: "This is a the meeting ended it was an­ tiations. but if the South Afri· bloc in favour of confederation cept the ANC's view that its wax we axe fighting now, and the nounced that a steering commit­ can government and the ANC or a South African common· underground army could prize is our dignit)'. our land and tee had been established to plot persist in the practice which Jed wealth ofstates. remain intact until the forma· our various traditional heritages." the way forward. to the Record of Understanding. At a National Party congress lion of an interim government President Mangope said it was Products all of the apartheid we will have nothing further to in East London yesterday, Mr of national unity. It was. he time the world woke up to "the system, cornered by the advent of ell' with their so·called negotia· De Klerk. con~cious of aliega· said, one of the outstandinf barbaric destruction" the ANC democracy and the numerical su­ tions," Mr Mangope said. tiOIlS that he had appeased the issues which still had to be was inflicting through its policy of premacy of the ANC, the four Ciskei's military ruler. Briga· ANC. took a tough stand resolved between the govern "mass action". "We are more than leaders are united by their rom­ dier Gqozo. accused Mr De against its campaign of protest ment and the ANC. capable of protecting our sover­ mon fear of loss of privilege, eign soil from invasion by anarchic power and identity. "They don't mobs," he said. like the prospect of a new South . Dr Treurnicht. unsmilingly per­ Africa," said Zach de Beer who, as i suaded that the homelands are in- leader of the centrist Democratic THE DAILY TELEGRAPH deed "nations", said that his pari)' Pam. turned down an in\itation , would help in the defence of to attend. "They axe aU alarmed ~: r KwaZulu and Bophuthatswana. at the way negotiations axe un· ... l~ both thr.eatened by planned ANC folding and they want to stop the , WEDNESDAY. OCTOBER 7, I 1.1 maxches'deep into their territory. clock:' ......

He lambasted the African National Congress and its crunes; rellce ott migratory Chief Buthelezi said: "The Zulu chief military wing. Umkhonto we labour hosteb, largely con· ultimate extremity of p'oliti. Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), trolled by pro·lnkatha Zulus; cal action for me will be at a Jobannesburc meetint and ban the caITJ'ing of "tra­ secession and (the subse­ threatens of parties opposed to the ditional'- weapOns in public, Quent establishment of] a recent netotiatin( pact a move largely aimed at the possible confederation of betweetl the (overoment Ind Zulu assegai spear. r~gions which somehow homeland theANC. Chief Buthelezi told the remain intact after the catas. Chief ButheLezi.· Chief meetinc, attended by the far­ trophe of the failure of the • Minister of KwaZlilu and Right Conservative Party negotiations." seceSSIon head of the mainly-Zulu In­ and leaders of the nominally­ Mr 4e Klerk tried Jast independent homelands of night to placate Chief Buthel­ katha Freedom Party. with­ Bophuthatswana and Ciskei: By Fred Bi1dgland dr.ew from constitutional ezi by strongly 3Uackinl the •'Umkhonto must go. We ANC. Speaking at a National III Joh8~n.SOUtl talks after President de know of the precision with Klerk and Mr Nelson M.m- Party meeting io East CHJ£F Mangosuthu Buthel· which the slaughter of Inka­ London, be said South Africa . dela, ANC president, re­ tha innocents is taking place eli raised the 8ae of Zulu WOlS sick and tired of the cently agreed a set of princi· - tbey only come from mili· nationalism yesterday. vow­ pIes which would allow the ,ANC's ."i1itlammatory inc that his KwaZulu home­ tarily.trained personnel. If speeches, its arrogance and ANC to re-enter the negotia· . He said only a federal sys­ lilnd would secede from tions it quit in June after the . its intolerance in recocnisinf South Africa ifconstitutional Boipatong massaa-e. tem, in which individual the rights ofothers". negotiations failed to pro. The covernment agreed to statu enjoyed much

warrior tribe, which inOicted a Sixties and Seventies, when .' ..Johannesburg famous defeat on the British Buthelezi's support in his home Allister Sperks army at the Battle of Isan­ region was solid. He even dhlwana in 1879, he is indeed a enjoyed support in other CHIEF Mangosuthu Buthelezi force to be reckoned with. regions, as he exploited his is playing a final, desperate In fact, Buthelezi's claims to '' platform at a time. hand to try to stay in the fast this status are highly question­ when the ANC and other libera­ lane ofSouth African politics. In able. Opinion polls are frustrat­ tion movements were banned. storming out of negotiations ingly inadequate. The lack of But from the mid-Eighties, as just when President F. W. de telephones in rural areas makes the great black uprising began, Klerk and Nelson Mandela had polling there difficult and young Zulus began rallying to put them back on track, he expensive, and pollsters do not the ANC's surrogate, the exemplified the fact that no venture into strife-torn parts of United Democratic Front. With black political party has proven Natal and KwaZulu. Even if Mandela's release in 1990, the legitimacy. they did, the fear and suspicion trickle of desertions became a All are pretenders, strutting there would invalidate the Oood. Buthelezi, always and making exaggerated claims responses. thin-skinned, became increas­ to boost their inOuence on the But such indicators as there ingly aggressive, first towards bargaining process. are suggest Buthelezi may not the UDF, then the ANC. Some know their inOuence is enjoy majority support even in What might have become a greater now than it will be after his own tribal heartland. The liberationist alliance turned into the first election, which will cut few opinion polls that have been a bitter power struggle and then them down to size or wipe them conducted in urban areas, endemic civil war. As the war No eurrenden Chief Buthelezl, who cennot olelm to be .... one 8uthentIo Zulu ...... out altogether, and so they are including Durban and Pieter­ has raged, Buthelezi - backed Klerk's National Party. Bophuthatswana's Lucas Man­ needs with increasing urgency is making what impact they can. maritzburg in Natal, have found by his ruthless police force ­ Although Buthelezi proclaimed gope and the 'butcher ofBisho', an election. It must clear the The country is being held to national support for the ANC to has steadily lost support among last week that Inkatha was 'a Brigadier Oupa Gqozo. He is decks, sweep away the straw ransom by a desperate minority. be above 60 per cent and Inka­ young Zulus and city dwellers, national political force', he has even courting white extremists men and establish clearly who Chief Buthelezi epitomises tha support as low as 2 per cent. shrinking his constituency to clearly abandoned his efforts to of the Conservative Party and speaks for whom - and for how this. He enjoys an international Research in townships has the fastness oftribal Zululand. build a national constituency Boerstaat Movement, in what many. The authenticated lead­ reputation that far exceeds his indicated the same situation. Assessing where this leaves and is beating the Zulu ethnic looks suspiciously like an ers must then negotiate the new local support. Pretoria presents One researcher reported that Buthelezi nationally is difficult. drum in a frantic bid to consoli­ attempt to build a secessionist constitution. him as one of the big three lead­ her respondents, who included Outside the Zulu tribe he has date regional support. alliance.. ers, alongside De Klerk and Zulus in the Witwatersrand nothing, except for some whites What it cannot afford is a Mandela. But, while his Inkatha area, regarded Inkatha 'with with 'indirect rule' instincts He is said to be trying to fol­ The one thing Buthelezi can­ prolonged campaign of vicious Freedom Party may be the third loathing' and preferred De who are looking for a black sur­ Iowa 'Franz-]osefStrauss strat­ not afford is an election. 'The electioneering between the largest, it is a poor third. Klerk to Ruthelezi. rogate to oppose the ANC. egy', using his regional base to IFP will not participate in a major players, which cripples More seriously, the news­ The ANC's 'mass action' Assuming 4S per cent of project himself on to a national (constituent assembly) election their attempts to negotiate a set­ papers routinely present Buthe­ strikes. support these findings. Zulus back him, that gives him stage. and it will join forces with every tlement, and acts ofsabotage by lezi as 'the Zulu leader'. It is a More than 90 per cent of blacks three million supporters in a But with even his regional true democrat in South Africa the bit players who want to thoughtles... piece of labelling have responded to the general national population of 3S mil­ base in doubt, he is becoming who rejects an early election,' stave off the election - all of which carries the connotation strike calls in Durban and Pie­ lion - or just over 8 per cent more frenetic, seeking alliances he declared in his walk-out which keeps the country mired that, as leader of South Africa's termaritzburg. compared to the ANC's 60-plus with other 'homeland' leaders statement last Sunday. in a morbid interregnum of biggest and most renowned There was a time, in the per cent and 2S per cent for De whom he once despised, such as Clearly what South Africa frustration and violence. - ._.. _- .. - . -- _. ----'- -- - - ._------_._------EARS that Inkatha is co-opting memhers Ihe commis.~ion to divulge his sources, addIng ofthe notOriOLLs rebel gmup that his statement was a highly inOa,"matory Renamo have been fuelled by lhe arrival in MysteryMozambicans violation ofthe National Peace Accord. kwaZulu of a myslerious detachment of The Weekly Mail's source said the Mozambi­ Porluguese-speaking soldiers from Mozam­ can unit's brief is 10 back up the KZP forces this bique. weekend in kwaMashll, where serious trouble The Weekly Mail sent a reporter to kwaZulu boost KZP manpower associated with Sunday's Shaka Oay rally is this week to investigate reports that a "Renamo­ expected. On Wednesday five people were type group" would be deployed in kwaMashu killed in unrest in the township, police reported The men all spoke Portuguese, with a Captain township, an African National Congress yesterday. A highly placedkwaZulu Police source Manzini from Esikawini acting as interpreter. stronghold where tension is mounting over Sun­ The source added that Buchner had told his 1llcy were later taken 10 the Ulundi governmenl day's Shako Day rally. has confirmed that a mysterious officers onTuesday that all members ofthe KZP offices to meet and breakfast with Buthelezi and A highly placed kwaZulu Police (KZP)source detachment ofPortuguese-speaking had to be on duty over the weekend and Ihal no the olher senior police officers. confirmed that 36 trained Portuguese-spcakiiilg leave would be granted. soldiersfrom Mozambique is According tO,the source, the other 18 Por­ men were recently brnught to kwaZulu from Buthelezi will address Sunday's rally in kwa­ tuguese-speaking soldiers arrived separately and Mawnbique and are now based in Ulundi under operating in the homeland. Mashu's Princess Magogo Sladium. Both the command of the KZP. The Mozambicans all 36 have now been placed under .KZP com­ Inkatha and the ANC have claimed they have were imported with tbe help of members of the Weeki, Mail Reporter mand in Ulundi. information about altack.s planned by the other based in northern Natal, he ANC northern Natal chairman Aaron Ndlovu side 10 ensure chaos in Ihe lownship over the added. Also on Tuesday, KZP officers were hriefed said he had received sketchy details of the mys­ weekend. The source said they are inlended 10 boost in Ulundi by Buchner. He allegedly discus.'iCd tery arrivals earlier this week and th.~t officials of KZP strength when neces.sary, particularly if the strategy for handling the Shaka Day rally and the organisation had asked the Goldstone Com­ Leaders of Ihe two sides have urged a strong threatened ANC march 10 the kwaZulu capital, told the officers that "people would be coming" mission to investigate. presence of international and local monitors on Ulundi, goes ahead. 10 help the KZP. They would provide extra man­ Buthelezi stmngly denied the reports and dis­ Sunday tnminimise violence. lie said the Mozambican soldiers hat! break­ power for the celebrations, and would later help missed any suggestion of a "Renamo-type Pro-ANCorganisations in the area have urged fa.st onTuesday with kwaZulu Miniliter ofPolice 10 police other kwaZlIlu townships. group" opcr:iling ffllm Ulundi as "a figment of that the rally he called off, or be held in central and Inkatha president Mangosuthu Buthelezi, The source said that during a hreak in the dis­ ANC imagination". Durban. ulCal civics are organising "massevac­ KZP commis.sioner Major General Jac Buchner, cussions, a KZP van driven by a uniformed And Inkatha official Suzanne Vos yesterday uations" of several sections, particularly those KZP deputy commissioner Brigadier Sipho sergeant arrived, bringing 18 men whom he said also called for a Gold~tone Commis.sion investi­ along the route of the tradilional march to the Malhe and other senior KZP officials. had been fetched from Ihe SAP in Piet Retief. gation. She said Ndlovu should he called hefore rally.

OUTH AFRICA'S contending political two-month terms alongside otber international groups, including the government., have observers. An advance party of constitutional accepted a European Community (EC) SA Ee lawyers, security and human rights specialists offer to provide training and advice for accepts offer already has arrived to coordinate with other the nation's police force now being restructured. groups. British Foreign Office sources who reported .EC and Commonwealth learns of 15 per- the unannounced agreement said it emerged sons each will also be joining the countrywide fmm talk.s conducted hetween the three EC for­ to retrain policemen network of monitors and ohscrvers. eign ministers led by Britain's Douglas Hurd • Delegates from the Organisation ofAfrican and Soulh African leaders earlier this month. The government:5 acceptance of A new police academy IS to be sel up in Unity (OAU), also in the country now, will Details of the arrangements are still being Graaff-Reinet where enhanced standards of shortly be arranging for their own monitoring European assIstance In retrammg studied wilhin the Community and will need leadership will be evolved. units to join the network. The OAU has yet to further consultation with the South African the pollce IS the first formal Hurd's EC mis.sion also won the agreement of decide onjust how many they will be despatch­ authorities ifand when a post-apartheid admin­ acknowledgement that the security President FW de Klerk, African National ing. istration is in place. forces need outSIde he/p. Congress presidenl Nelson Mandela and other .A total of50 United Nations monitors com­ The expectation in the meantime is that aca­ By ARTHUR QAVSHON leaders for the attachment of five European plete with backup staff, communicalions sys­ demics, lawyers, security and criminal justice experts to Judge Richard Goldstone's commis- terns and their own transportation is due to specialists in key EC countries will be called sion on violence. These specialists - probably spread across tbe country in tbe next few weeks. upon to help in building up a force which in the ed the Republic in July." jurists or lawyers - in effect will add an inter- Eight of them have already been deployed in European view should, in its membership fairly Waddington, who heads the faculty ofcrimi­ national dimension to Goldslone's investiga- Natal's flashpoint areas - tbey are an advance reflect the social composition of the"South nal studies at Reading University, sharply criti­ tions. party which hurried out as killings in Ihe African people. cised the performance of the police in Boipa­ Meanwhile the business of intemationalising province began escalating. "'The signiflC3nce ofthis development should tong. the Republic's ineffectual peace-makingsystem At the same time several American, British not be underestimated," one British diplomat The governent has already begun the job of is forging ahead on non-governmental as well as and European security firms, public companies observed. "II's the first formal acknowledge­ shaking up its much-<:riticised 100 ooq-strong foreign governmental levels. These develop- and media interests were reported planning to ment by lhe. South African state, on an interna­ police force. Thirteen of55 generals have been ments were reported: send their own observers and correspondents 10 tional level, that outsiders can help 10 improve retired even though many controversial charac­ .The World Council of Churches has watch developments. the credibility and competence of an inlernal ters have kept theirjobs. arranged a programme of sending 15-person Timingoftheir arrivals is dependent upon the security establishment whiCh, plainly, no longer A policy of "federalising" the force into a teams to South Africa over the coming year to . outcome of the scheduled meeting between De seems 10 enjoy the confidence ofthe people. seriesofautonomous units is being implement­ monitor the workings of the multi-party Peace Klerk and Mandela; hoth men are under contin­ "This, in esaenoe, was the burden of Profes­ ed, stripping lhe central national command of Accord, the negotiating proces.s and ultimately uing personal pres.sure by world leaders to get sor Peter Waddington'5appraisal when he visit- many functions. national elections. Each group will serve ahoul hack into negotiations again. 't THE'INDEPENDENT Monday 28 September 1992 Zulus relive a dream of,empire 'nIE KING of the ZUlus, who Ilttved at more venerable tn'be towards wh"Tl1 all the march-put of the ZUlu repnenll, the to die for to defend tbemaeMa aainat Mr tblw6ee1 ofaMercedes, looked lmPOSiDa eyes turned. This individual. described by From Jobn Carlin "impis". They were Zulus too. but ANC Man&Ia's "delllOlliJcd children". =ouJb in his \eopIrd !tina, hiI headpiece the king IS Baroo Lee of Lanark, arrived in KwaMashu Zulus for the mOlt part. urban What is sad about KwaZuIu and tile and his royal peacock plume, ManaOlu­ late, after the Zulu dignitaries had taken and Westerniled, ~ speak=iIb and . ~ it that ".bOmeIaDd is the !DOlt elo- thu Butbelezi, his chief rw'nister, had shed their lIelts and tbe royal praise-singing cially the descendants of the British 1101- dance in ~ W'lMtUlI. jNIII blact" 'queat I71DboI of ~ people'. defNt at the biI dark suit for tile OOtUon and, simi­ had ended. But, with the aplomb of a true diers who in 1819 at the Battle of Ulundi m.iAi~ aad ..bcJe iklr. bRIIII. .baadI of !be wIlIte .... Deelped u a Iirty Ieopardlkin-swathtd. ~ared ";th blueblood, he drove his car throU8h Ihe dealt Shua's empire a crushing blow They ibiot of ~• ZUlu but •. trhI~by &k ai'cbltect of a spear in one hand lIIId " "'1"1; I• as tall as dense crowd to the royal lent, whence he from which it never recovered. black Sotitb Afrbna ~. Tbe8e Zu\ua, Il1heid,"JIiDdrit verifoCrd. it was eli- a man in the other, " .•merge~"··· white-haired mountain of a Yesterday's ceremony sought to reme whO hfte' not ~lbUen.thea flghdn, ~·i.ato +t it'bgrapliical territories to Arrayed before thr t at a pageant to man in lu.l and sparran, with his wife, former glories. Under the guardilllllhlp . apirlt, are lDbIha's and ~ Butheleri's I"Oid ~ white farmen of IOIDe of commemorate Shabo '/Ie founder of the Lady Patricia. They took their seats now of the Inkatha Freedom Party, thole .areatelt enemIea, AiM! this is why the most fwde land in Natal. ZUlu nation, were 10.000 of their subjects alongside the ting and his minister. who Zulus who stili dins to the Dationalilm. Jt~aibu ~ acores Of towBIhips lite it The dream .. to re<:oYer all of Natal to lIttired in only marginally more discreet rose to their feel. Shaka forged in the 18201, wbet1 they W8re· ID ~~'1'elDllID South AIrica's bloodiest rebuild Shab'iempire. Yeltefttay'l spec- traditional regalia, They, carried spears, Who was he?"A personal friend of the the mightiest tri~ In ~ blIyed tbeir tfIllaa-fia&cs...... lade OcctinaIY fed that dream. After the lUI aod knobkerries, the round-headed Chief Minister's." explained one of the defiance of the 2Otbo(lClltuty khIa and the The rec:utJ:eIit ~ of ,.aterday's cer- king'. speech-tie mel his minister strode clubs Wifh which Shab's warriors brained king's acolytes. "The king's special new-fangled tribe who DOW .beI4 any, .eIlIQI1 ... tho ANC"s declared plan to 40wn to theit warrion and, braIIdlshing their enemies, No leta fearsome were the guests." said the master of ceremonies. Nelson MandeJa and th6 African NI- marcll -• Iilbtba man:bed on Kwa- t,beir apeaB, uttered battlecries and WOIMD, bare-breuted or in bras. ululat­ No further explanation was given. And tional Co~. , Mubu oJ da Um.J~ today the seat of kicked their (eet in the air in the manner ... tiDIInI and war-dancing in brightly none. for most people there, was neces­ On the streets of Kwa~ iteelf, a Inbb ~ poRr and the capital of which curdled the blood of the Britillh 101- oOioarea bC.d BkirtI. sary. Proud as the Zulus are. white men township sephated by a hllUrom the clty- KtiaZulu, the apartbeMJ "homeland"

of political analysis in South M· closely on their own anll !'ach David Beresford on why Chief Buthelezi had to stop talking with De Klerk and Mandela rica that reliahle surveys of pub· olher's constituencies thp.y for· lic opinion arc non·existent ­ got, for a moment, the sensitiv· u.nderslandahly so in a counlry ities of the brooding presence where even population figures llown among the hills of Zulu· arc highly dubious. But al· land. South Africa's wild card though the chief would no doubl The mistake In itself should furiously deny the claim. It is a not have proven fatal. But It safe bet In the view of most ex­ providcr:l Chief Buthelezi with HOMAS Man,lIa Tsha· riors in case of'ltlack. A young ebrating the faet that it had Iwell have added. the land of perienced correspondents here the excuse he needed to detach balala looked abashed ZlIlu reporter with me disputed been Hected hy Mahatma make-believe where fanlasles Ihal, if his support were to be himself from a process which for a momenl at th(' this and a heated argumenl de· Gandhi in 1903 to house the "In· have made it the wild card in accurately lestcr:l, it would be was dragging him, almost help· ljuestion: was it a leop· veloped between them as to lernallonal Printing Company". South Mrica's 10nR·running po­ discovered thaI the eWef does lessly, inlo an elecloral test ­ T /I not enjoy a majority in Zululand for the planned "constituent as­ ani skin. or a monkey ski!)? The whether inll'lezi was for self de· 1\ scattering of T-shirls among litlcal saga. card which Chief Inkatha "warlon.!" linRer('() the fence, or to whip liP warriors lhe crowd. proclaiming the mer· l3uthelezi finally played at the Itself, much less in the province sembly" agreell between De pelt slung around his shoulders iLlo a killillg l"remy. "tl is jour· its of democracy. identified weekend, announcini: his wlth· of Natal. The routine lIescri,)­ Klerk and Ma:ldela - which amI chuckled: "No, it's artificial nalists like yOIl who cause them as "comrades" - support· draW'll from Ihe negotiating pro­ tion of him as "the Ztdu leader" threAtened to once and for aU - I('()pard skins arc too r'\I~'1I people 10 dip." saill Ihe warlonl l'rs of the I\NC alliance, progreso cess and declaring he was serv­ is a journalistic shorthand lay .bare his political power­ sive uow." with sccmingly no appreciation sive forcl's, peace and all those ing notice Ihat Ihe Inkalha which pays resped to his elhnic base. or lack of it. Behind hjm his "impi" was of the Irony. other Ideals for wh.lch Nelson Freedom Party "is a national po­ chauvinism. but Is dangerously The legend of the Zulus is a jogging around the small square The melaphor is. perhaps run· Mandela and his followers are Litlcal force" and his KwaZul1l misleading if taken 10 mean that powerful one which has been formed hy his breeze·hind com­ ninR lno far. bul fhe viRnelles lionisPrl inlernationally. homeland "a W~ reallly" he is leader of the tribal group­ adroitly exploited by the chief. pound in th(' Durban township make the II(Jlnt: lhal litlle is Bllt Ihey were carryIng which the counlry would Ignore inR. That Is a claim which Nel­ But. despite the laste for myth of KlI'aMashu. hrandishiui( quite what it SCC/llS to be, 01' is wicked·looking spears and at its peril. son Manllela, although a Xhosa. anll "muti" in the hUis of Zulu· their "trarlilional wl'apons" saill to he. on the hillsides of shields. Were such weapons not IIlstory has long been ChIef could probably make with more land. it Is one to which the Zulus II'hich tunle.1 oul to indurl(' sev­ 7.nllllal\(l. The temptalion is to cOl'delllnClI by their leadp.rship·/ Buthelezl's strong card, al· jusllncation. themselves seem comparatively 1'1';11 auxiliary pieces tu ,Ill illler· say "where Inkalha and Chief Oh no, said their sIl(,kesman Ihough the "reality" of il has I\mong the many disputed immune. Chief Iluthelezi's is nal combustion engine. a Mangosulhll I3l1thelpzl are con· with as lillie sense of irony as been equally long disputed; n'alilles about KwaZulu. Its one to which Ihe politically hrl(:key stick and a ski·pule. cerned." hut a final vignette il· Mr Tshahalala, "these are.lradi· r~ the "reAlities" of King "heavenly JlCOple" and Chief banknlpl arc lurninR - such as One uf thp. warlorrl's ai.les. a lustrafes why such spedficily tlonal weapons." And the hlack Shaka, whose reign the chief Bulhelezi, Ihis is perhaps the right·wing Mrikanenlom. rlivid­ ruhicullfl figure with a jolly air. would be misleatling. stripes painled on their fore- was celebraling when he malle mosl important. allli il is central cd and destroy!'d as it has been was splashin I( the chanting war· 1\ l"ew kilollletres away from healls? tl was "muli" _. tribal his announcement (a blood­ to an ullll('rstanding of the sig­ by a succession of hnmiliations riors with a yard·brush he was Mr Tshahalala. a..... ss the mCllicine 10 rendc'r them bullel· thirsty tyranl, according to con· nificance of Ihe Inkatha presi­ of which Ihe Jani Allell aITair rlunkinl( into a foul·lookinR shanly·crowded hills and val· proof. "II makes the bullets melt temporary travellp.rs whom Mr .Ient's decision 10 storm out of was merely one. piquant exam­ hrew in a bucket. It was "inle· leys making \Iplhis part of ZlIlu· hefore they can reach us," said Bllthelezi likes 10 describe as the nel:otiations. The handling ple. But it is a mobilisation; and lezi", explained Mr T~hahalala. land, anuther group of warriors the spokesman with the all' of "depraved liars") to his present of Saturday's bilaleral talks hy one which is nonetheless dan· a concoction of herbs and tree was gathered in front of a one who has sccn fllsillades reno contention Ihal Inkatha is a Presirh!llt De Klerk and Mr genius for the facl thAt things bark desi~ll('d to kccl' away evil ruinerl huilding, the fa"Alde of dererlunlu raindrops. "national political force". Mamlela was, withoul question. arc never what they seem to be spirits ,lilt! "d"fend" the war- whir'h cm-riClI an inscription eel· I\nd Ihis is Zulu land. he might It is Ihe constant l"ruslratlon haln·handed; focusing too in Zululand. Was there ·a deliberate ambush at.Bisho? By ANDREW TRENCH and Oelscblg 18 seconded to the CDF suringsections ofthe road. Both men their leaders negotiated over the bar­ LOUISE FLANA~ . from tbe Soutb African Defence are fonner SAQF oIIk:ers now COD­ rier with National Peace Secretariat MAJOR questJons Ilave been raised Force, wblcb means tbat he Is stili tncted to the CDF. ~Ia~mberde~torsmoved about the C~kel's preparations for accountable to the SADF. TIle Blsbo And days before tbat, It was an Into the stadium - where they were Monday's march on B~ho;amidsug­ demoostratlon would also have been open secret that the ANC was plan­ pennltted to be In terms ofa Ciskel gestions ofa deUberate ambush. discussed In Joint Intelligence Coun- nlng to have at least one column of court order. Mystery sUlTOUnds two key tipeds dis and Joint OperatioD Councils protesters push througb to Blsbo, A small group led by tbe ANC's or the homeland'scrowd-rootrol pro­ between the C~kel and SoutJa Afrlcan although It was not clearjust bow or Ronnie KasriIs then charged over tbe v~loos: why a gap was left In the sta­ forces In the region. where th~ would happen. grass embankment ill the nortb-east dium fence, enabling the protesters tp The South African security forces Qn tbe day of tbe marcb, Clskel or the stadium and through the wide try to move on B~ho; and why sol­ appeared to bave known something deployed soldiers alongside the road gap In tbe fence - straight Into the diers officially there to deter such a was going to bappen. Not only did . from King WOllam's Town to B~bo line offire ofibesoldiers hidden In the move were hidden In the grass. • SOuth Africa declare thH(eas imme- and In the stadium, but waited until long grass and uneven ground. In another development th~ week, dlately surrounding Blsbo unrest the last minute to p.t up razor-wLre The C~kei government has stated the German publication Geheim areas hto days before the action and barriers. By the time tbe marcb that the gap In the fence was made by claimed that South Mrican Military ny In crack troops for assistance, but reacbed the border, soldiers bad been demonstrators pushing It down. Intelligence chid General"Joffel" the Soutb African forces quietly witbdrawn from Inside tbe stadium However, witnesses bad c.leariy seen van der Westhulzen had sent a signal pulled back from tbe border for the but were deployed alongside the road the gap long before the march took to Clskel Ddence Force chid crucial period ofibe shooting. from the borderand balfway around . place. Brigadier Marius Oelschig "instruct­ C~kel bad prepared the area weD. the stadium. Oelschlg could not be contacted ing him to use force and 'all means Five days before the march, tbe two A razor-wire barrier was thrown yesterday. A spokesman for his office neceSsary' to crush the demonstra­ officers In charge of troops on the across the road some 20m on the said be was "out of the country". It tion". TIle publication said It received ground on Monday, Chief of Staff Ciskel side oftbe border, preventing was later established tbat be was at this Information from "one of our Opegtlons Colonel Horst Schubes- marchers from moving along the the South African embassy to tbe sources within the South African berger and Colonel Jaco Roussouw, main road into Bi

Region E (Natal & KwaZulu r------, Battle for the rural vote Eastern ) - 24.70% ' The bloody battle for dominance in the Region F (Eastern Federation and regionalisation Ciskei and in other homelands may in KaNgwane) - 5.35% ' ANC versionofregionalisation: the organisation stresses the purpose of regions in anew reality be the opening shot of an elec­ Region G (Northern Transvaal South Africa is to aid redistribution of resources and notto weaken central government. tion campaign for key sectors ofvoters, , , ) - 12.:37% much more subject to conservatism and Region H (Pretoria-Witwa­ tradition thantheirurbancounterparts. tersrand-Vaal Triangle, KwaNdebele, Commentators now believe that it is Bophuthatswana districts) - 21.90% here that a future election will be won Region J (Western Transvaal or lost - nearly two out of every five Bophuthatswana districts) - 4.87% voters will comefrom the Eastern Cape and Natal regions. The 3.8 million Voters voters in the PWV region will count for Non-enfranchised voters plus en­ less than the 4.3 million in the Natal franchised voters - whites, Coloureds region. The rural vote will be 45.9%, and Indians who took part in the 1989 based in the 10 homelands. tricameral parliament election (Cen­ Pretoria has designated the follow­ sus figures and estimates of eligible ingnine'developmentregions'in South voters are in dispute). Africa and the ANC wants to redefine Total (including 10 homelands): some of the boundaries. 19,597,133. Percentage of voters in each region: Blacks 11,019,000 (56.3%) (includ- Region A (Western Cape) - 7.94% ing six 'non-independent homelands'). Region B (Northern Cape, Bophut- Whites 3,040,339 (15.5%) hatswana districts) - 2.85% Coloureds 1,783,190 (9.1%) Region C (OFS, QwaQwa, a Asians 663,604 (3.45%) Bophuthatswana district) - 7.15% Blacks 3,091,000 (15.8%) (in the Region D (Eastern Cape, Ciskei, four 'independent homelands') Southern Transkei) - 12.87% {Staffwriters; SA Foundatwn Co"Ii"Jad OtItT figures] lHE WEEI

WO mass murders - in Bisho and the cials alleged Transkei is being used by MK to Natal south coast - together with highly mount cross-border incursions into Natal where charged political language over the last they aim to kill leaders and members of their week are stoking dangerously flammable rival organisation. They claim Transkei Defence relations between Inkatha and the African Force members are smuggling police and cam­ National Congress. ouflage uniforms and firearms into Natal using In Natal, protests against the Ciskei killings 'well-established "infiltration routes". have focused on kwaZulu and its chiefminister, Inkatha called for tighter control along the Mangostithu Buthelezi, as well as on Ciskei TranskeilSouth Africa borderand for Transkei's leader Brigadier Oupa Gqozo. ANC officials military ruler to investigate the and protesters link them consistently, urging that LlJi~;~~~)itih3~f{ti~ alleged gun-running. the "Butchers ofUlundi and Bisho" must go. .Although no one is saying soopenly, both the This is only one example of heightened ANC and Inkatha seem to be reconsidering par­ rhetoric on both sides which is aggravating ten­ ;;I~~~r-i~!~~i~I~~~i~l'~I~~~:=~~::ig=~II~t,;~~!!:::~!!'iii'!! ticipation in the National Peace Accord. Howev­ sions. er, IFP officials make no secret of membership From the ANC, threats this week ofa "march attacked at about 10.3Opm by a group of10 gun- in what appears to have been a carefully-planned dissatisfaction with the illRCs. to U1undi" to force the dismantling of the men allegedly wearing South African Defence . asSault. Yesterday's walk-out ofthe Umlazi illRCby kwaZulu government stirred emotions further. Force-style uniforms and balaclavas. Inkatha It is the second such incidentoverthe past fort­ the Inkatha delegation was given official sanc­ And ANC references to Buthelezi as a "tinpot officials said it seemed some attackers burst into night in which mass murders of IFP supporters tion by Buthelezi. This is the third time an IFP dictator" led to a Buthelezi-sanctioned protest the back of the building. The occupants fled out were carried out by people allegedly wearing delegation has refused to participate in an withdrawal from the Umlazi Local Dispute Res­ ofthe front door, but were met by otherassailants uniforms similar to that of the SADF. In fact an LDRe. In both Vulindlela and Richmond the olution Committee (LDRC) yesterday. who raked them with tire from AK47s and pis- SADF member of121 Battalion, identitied only IFP staged temporary withdrawals over the last Buthelezi'swidely condemned remarks last tols. Ten people died; 14 were injured. Two more as Rifleman Khubane, has been arrested in con­ few months because of alleged actions or weekend that the ANC should be"buggered up" were killed shortly afterwards when people Iiv-: nection with last month's.execution-style killing rhetoric by the ANC. by Inkatha was further evidence that in the war ing nearby came to see what was going on. .0fMidlands Inkatha official Fano Nzimande and Similar disillusionment is being expressed by of words between the two sides, no holds now The Dlamini house is in a remote area on a bad most ofhis family. ANC members, many ofwhom say the illRCs seem barred. road. The attackers approached the house on foot Reacting to the Ensangwini killings, IFP offi- are "simply a waste oftime". War on the ground also worsened dramatical­ ly. The murder of 12 Inkatha members on the South Coast last Frida): has led to the belief, widely held in the area, that members of Umkhonto weSizwe were involved, using secu­ Peacehopes dwindle amid ,rily force-type uniforms and tirearms smuggled from the Transkei in a covert gun-running oper­ ation.. fears'ofZulu-ANC clash The Ensangwini killings took place at the home of local Inkatha Freedom Party women's By Christopher Mllnnlon In Johanne$burc organiser Regina Dlamini, where a number of Inkatha Youth Brigade members were waiting PROSPECTS of pea<:~ In South Africa: 1iI In emotional a~drt~s to 1I King tlon that Zulus should elve up clrryinll MeanWl'lue, In Johannesburg. Mr faded swiftly yesterday as the lovern'l Chaka Day celeb~lton In Nkl!ndllll their "(ultural weapons" - one of the Cyril Ramaphosa, the ANC's secretary. for lnInSpOrt to a conference in Ulundi. ment and the African National Con· northern Nat.al. Chief B1!thel~1 sala precundltions the ANC Is insistin&! on general, and Mr Roelf Meyer,. Minister According to survivors, the house was cress remained deadlocked over condi· t~e ANC and Its SOl\t~. Afn~iln Commu· for rejoining tllks with Pretoriil. ot-Constitutional Development, contin. tions for a MaRdela-de Klerk summit, nlst Pa~ty ally was tUn'll~g a whole "Which man among you here today ued their private bargaining session for ~nd ~ulu war cries echoe~ over tbe ro~l. ie!le~tlonof young people 10 t~e town- would be prepared. as a Zulu. to agree the fourth successive day in an attempt 109 hills of Natal followlOg the ANC s shIps mlO a ~Ir machme alalOst the to throw ilway your weapons and walk to find a formula which will enable the threat to march on Ulundi, capital ofthe older lleneralton". before all the world as women drelised' peace summit between' President de KwaZulu homeland. The. AN~'s propolit,d ~~rch on in trou",ers?" he asked. . Klerk and Mr Mandela to go ahead. The homes ofthree pe~ple, suspected I Ulu!'dt r~n\lnded him of the unc~lled The Natal regiQn ofthc: ANC, which is The government's compromises on of being ANC supporters, were burned, for mVlllitOn of KWilZulu by the Bnltsh orl/anisine the mass il<;tion campaign. the three preconditions laid down by to the ground in, Ulundi. This forced, 10 ) 879", .. reference tl? the battles of yesterday ilSked the Coldstone Com. Mr Mandela for Such a meeting have others to flee their homes in fear of' Isandhlwana and Ulundt. .. . b' h '. . .. -. been rej~ted by the ANC leadership. being attacked by the Zulu Inkatba ·'The mood of the people convinced miSSIon, w I~ I". Investlgattng VIO.. According to sources on both sides Freedom party impis or war parties. me that the people themselves would leeneRe. to examlbne rerPorts th~t buslo~ds the sticking point is the government's . p r f h 'ld' "1 --- 0 enamo re els rom nelghbounnll ~ o Ice ear t e smou enng <:,VI war -stop the ANC/SACP 'alliance in its MOlambique had been arriving in ~fusat t~ release three ANC men wbo betw.een lnkatha and the ANC 11\ Nil~~1 tracks witb theIr bare bands and would Ulundi to reinforce defences.' are liervlng. !I~e sentences for bomb prOVlOce could explode as .Zulu mll,l' do so witbout a single word from me," Police in Natal dismissed the reports, at~acks on clv.llan !argets. tants .s~~k to pr.e.e,'!'~t th~ A.NC S he told a cheering, chanting throng "Inkatha certainly does not need any rhe. three m.en Involved are Robert planned nlass action c..mpalgn In the dressed in traditional wlitTior garb and reinforcements,·' said one officer. "As McBride, convlc~ed of planllng a ~nlb , KwaZulu homeland. . brandishing spears and shi~lds. it is, we shall need 10 times our num- in iI Durban OIghtclub wh~ch klll~~ . AlthoughtheANChassetno~ate~or The country had moved into "thefirst bers to tl')' to maintain any law and three people,. lind N~?ncedeh Nondulil ItS proposed march on l!lundl, Chid phase of a civil war", he said. It was order ifthis goes ahead." and M.thcl~dl Mcoubl, who planted iI Mancosuthu Buthelul, t~e ,Zulu tragie that the ANC had turned on him The Pretoria government said, the landnune. III northern Transvaal and lead~r, has}ccu.s~d the or"a",satl~n~~ and tbe Zulu people after their relent· I ANC's ptan to /(0 ahead with the Ulundi shot a pohc;uman. plotting to a.nnahlt"!te the Zulu natIon. less campaign for the relealie of Mr' mllrch amou'nted to "complete con- ~ _ an5i to assass..~ate hUl1' Nelson Mandela. tempt for the peace prOCess and a situa. Chief Buthele~i rejected any suggeli- Hon > t.~aLwlll 'inevitably lead to ------_._-_._----_._---- ._. ------" .. THE SUNDAY TIMES· 20 SEPTEMBER 1992

THE DAILY TELEGRAPH SEP'f£MBER 24, 1992 . Zulus go on warpath Massacre over .ANC threat ·to fear over march on their city ACROSS tltis land of rolling deep, and are. in part. per· hills and mist-filled vaHeys. by Richard Ellis sona\. Buthelezi. onc!! a hero ancient warrior traditions that Ulundl, KwaZulu of the anti·apartheid move- once humbled the strongest menl, now bristles at beini ANCmarch miliUlry nation on earth are condemned by ANC hard· slirring once again. The Zulu$, newed peace talk$. More than liners as a "dog" who collabo­ locked in a burgeoning civil 30 lnkatha membel'$ have rated with the while regime. war with members of the "f. been murdered this month in Having resisted Pretoria's By Chrtsto.pher MURolo" In Johannesburg rican National Congress Natal, and ANC·IfP clashes plans to turn KwaZulu into a THE African NatjOll~1 Con­ CANC). are on the rise again, have continued in the lohan· "independent" homeland, gress opted for eonrronta~ion Threatened wilh a march· nesburg area. and having cons·istently on the KwaZulu capital of "There is already a low fought for Nelson Mandela's yesterday by deciding to Ulundi by ANC suppot1ers, intensity civil war soina on release. he found it gallinz to press ahead with plans to assesai spears are being shar- between us and the ANC/· be snubbed by his "fellow­ march 01\ Ulundi. capital of pened, knobkerrie clUbS South African Communist brother". He says he accepted South Africa's Zulu home­ honed and hide shields dusted party alliance," $lIid Buthe- government money for Inlea. land and the heartland of its off; behind the scenes, more lezi. The ANC march would tha and armed training for its politic31 rival, the Inkatha leIhal weapons, automatic rio be "provocative" and make members only because tbe Freedom Party. . fies and piSIOls, are being pre. the recent massacre in Ciskei, ANC had planned to kiU bim. Chief Mangosuthu Buthe- pared. "Let them come," where soldiers leilled 28 un- The differences, too, are . lezi, the lakatha ~eader. has warned one Zulu warrior last armed ANC members, seem ideological: in opposition 10 said repeatedly tbat ilny week, -and·we will send their insignificant. "The conle- the ANC"s vision of socialist· .ANC attempt to march on buses home empty," quen.;es are too ghastly to leaning. centralised govern- the KwaZulu capital in Nationalistic appeals are menlo Buthele-ii believes in northern Natal would lead being made 10 the courage and free enterprise, is fiercely anti· inevitably to civil war. fearlessness of long-sone an· commuDlst, and wants a fed. Virtual warfare betweeo. cestors. Mangosuthu Blithe- eral South Africa in which the Inkatha and tbe ANC has lezi. the outspoKen leader who Kwa2ulu-Natal region WOuld starred is his great·grand. enjoy considerable autonomy, prevailed throughout Natal falher King Cetshwayo in HIS philosophy has won him for the past five yeats, leav· Zulu, the 1963 film that powerful friends in the Wesl. ing more ~hal1 1.0,000 people immortalised the fighting Although he is guarded dead in the provInce. .spirit ofhis people, threatened about his intentions, he hinted The decision to march On to direct his own bloody se· lhat ifhe does not get what he the town was announced by quel if the ANC was "fool· wants, he may attempt to se- Natal leaders of the ANC, hardy" enough to ao ahead ude and form an independent the Soutb African Commu· with the march. Butlwkli is de(rlnll tht ANC ." KwaZulu.NataL a move that .pist Party and Cosatu, the The enemies this time lion . could spark even bloodier trade union alliance, at a would not be the red coalS of war. Underpinning Ille con· Durban press conference. the Brilish imperial army~ but flict also are rivalries thai go They said they would wage Ihe -red communists" 01 the back hundreds of years be· a "mass struggle" to bring ANC. And the result, said Iweell the Zulu and the about politi<;ill freedom in Buthelezi. would be different: .Xhosa, who make up the bulk the Zulus, eventually defeated ofthe ANC leadership, KwaZulu, re-incorporate the in 1879 by the better-equip- . In a kraal near the handl- homeland into South Africa ped British, would triumph in wana bailIefield, an old. grey- and prevent the transfer of 1992. "The lasl peopfe to ing Zulu last weelc told his more land to the KwaZulu march On UJundi were the people's version of the origin government. . antish, and 1001( what hap. ofXhosa ~ople; One day long After the ANC annOl,lnce· pened to them," he told The ago. he saId, the British came ment, Chief Buthelezi said Sunday Times in an interview and leilled all the Xllosa men; the confrontation resulting in his wood-panelled ollkes in they were followed by the from such an action would the Zulu capital. ··It will invile Afflkaners. who killed all the the same response." female b.1~ons. The male ba- Almost misty-eyed. Buthe· boons then mated with the Ini recalled the baule of Xhosa women, Toda~'s Isandlwana in 1879. when Xhosa. he declared with a gap- 20.000 Zulus inflicted what loothed grin. are the offspring many historiaD$ regard was oflhal union, . the sinde most humiliating While these crude insults defeat on Britain's imperial are disowned by Buthelezi. his forces. leaving mOre than nationalism feeds on such 1.200 dead. "With bare hands, prejudice. As his young Zulu we defeated what was then the supporters bluntly expressed milhtiest nalion in the Iheir desire 10 stop the ANC world," he sliid. The Zulu's from marching on Ulundi by defeal at Utundi six months killine them. authelezi said bter h~ppcned only because South Africa's 8m Zulu speak. that the key to ending the war "it was Western te.;hnolo&y _•. ~rs,. h~~c~nnot.~. 4is9.ollnted. 1;t.Y; with.Man.Qela:·.he was pre- ... versus Zulu S:0ulfIse.. Jlu).JJe~_ ,..A.k11l8:.!.wJllU-the_,y.ouo~ulu::.:;Daie

'When a country moves from repression to a more democratic system that respects human rights, the abuses committed under the previous regime are not forgotten by the victims, their families and their friends. It is important to them and to the society of which they are a part that there should be a day of reckoning for the terrible suffering that has been inflicted on them. Namibia presents a complex and compelling case for accountability. '

The compelling character, cited above, is carefully laid out in the report's chapters , citing well documented accounts (based on affidavits, court findings, etc.) of widespread detention, torture, killings and other abuses pennitted, abetted or mandated by authorities in a position to know and prevent them.

The complexity arises from the fact that it was not only South Africa, determined to maintain its illegal occupation of Namibia, that committed such abuses. SWAPO, many of whose members heroically sacrificed their lives in combat against the vastly better armed and larger South African forces, also detained, tortured and killed fellow Namibians.

The situation is further complicated by complementary actions taken by the new SWAPO dominat­ ed government of Namibia: It first appointed to important positions in its state security set-up some senior officers from the South African colonial regime who were deeply implicated in some of the worst abuses before independence. Then, in a sort of balance of horrors , it named Solomon Hawala, the chief torturer in SWAPO' s wartime detention camps, to be commander of the Namibian army.

The new government has justified these actions as essential to 'national reconciliation' . The country, it claimed, had to avoid recrimination and divisive conflict, which would other­ wise lead to 'Nurernburg-type' trials and retribution. Africa Watch argues, however, that there cannot be true reconciliation without full accountability: Namibians must know what happened and who was responsible before the wounds of war can be healed and the country can move forward. (As a matter of principle Africa Watch is opposed to unqualified arrmesty for all human rights offenders; it believes that those responsible for the very worst abuses should be subject to criminal prosecution while full disclosure may suffice for lesser offenders;)

For innumerable Namibians accountability means, first and foremost, learning the fate and whereabouts of the thousands of relatives and friends who disappeared during the more than two decades of struggle for independence and did not return home a~ provided in United Na­ tions Security Council resolution 435 (1978), which set out the peace process. While the examination of post-independence attempts to trace these 'disappeareds' is, like all dis­ cussion in the report, completely even-handed, the impression given to the reader may not be. A whole chapter is given to the largely ineffectual and hardly enthusiastic attempts to track down missing Namibians believed to have been detained by SWAPO. On the other hand, only a half sentence - devastating as it is - is devoted to tracing Namibians who disappeared apparently as the result of action by the South African occupation forces. The reader may easily miss that chilling statement in the reference to cooperation with the International Red Cross in tracing the'disappeareds' -- 'only South Africa had refused·consent' .

The report closes with valuable recommendations for the South African, Namibian, Angolan and United States governments and for the United Nations to 'facilitate' accountability for the human rights abuses that occurred during Namibia's long and painful transition to democracy. It is unfortunate that Africa Watch has put a $15 price tag on this fine report. THE JOURNAL OF COMMERCE, Thursday, September 24, 1992 TopSAl Why we bugged Staal! nnlir6 Till': GUARDIAN Monday September 28 1992 Anti-Apartheid Group An allempt by South Africa's Weekly Mail to bug an agent of the security forces has been branded a violation of journalistic ethics. But was it justified? David Beresford reports Seeks to Subpoena Papers By PAULA L. GREEN Journal of Commerea Stall 'We have been forced to A U.S. anti-apartheid group Paperthatwent too far? Wednesday asked members of a Sen­ the conclusion that this ate subcommittee to subpoena U.S. administration cannot be Commerce Department documents that the group claims accompanied trusted to reveal the truth illegal arms exports to Southern Af­ rica. about these arms Jennifer Davis, executive direc­ shipments, much less put NE of t1w fascina· wilh some under·stalement. South African law is in some· as ever in confusing South tor of the New York-based Africa IiOlls abuut covering "had a repulalion for brulalily, Ihing of a hialus. Ironically. Ihe Africa. more complex and Fund, said the U.S. administration is an end to them.' Suulh Africa is that turture and vicc·'. Burger was gtlvernment passed a law out· challenging. mismanaging an investigation of - Jennifer D.vl., EXlCuttve Director al limes the place known to his intimales as lawing surveillance by privale C..nlrally it needs to be con· Afrlc. Fund ~'ms III he a 1Il0rallaooralory "Slaal" -- Sled -which says individuals (the le!:islalion sidered thai hu~ging is 1"ler· how tons of U.S.-made arms are end­ fur Ihe resl 01 Ihe world. Ini· sOlllething of his personal repu· hroadens Ihe Stale's powers 10 alro and, in some circum­ ing up in Southern Africa. Ms. Davis tially Ihe moral issu('S are tation. bug). Even more ironically. the stanl'es. ap\llauded in asked the subcommittee on African lawsuit against Commerce in an ef­ slrai~hlfurwanl bUI Ihey can Ill' leO Ihe \",lice in 1988 and, I:overnment has not 1:01 around "civilised" wuntries. There is Affairs to monitor the investigation. Ill'COme complex and challeng· it snbsequently lranspired. to promulgaling Ihe law, so il is not much critici~m when arms fort to obtain more than 1,000 pages in~. parlicularly when Ihey are joined l1Iililary inlelli~ence. be­ nol an olTence. smul:glers. drug dealers. spies, "The claims that a good faith in­ of documents that the fund claims conhlS("d h)' faclors arising cuming hmd of the Johannes­ So, leaving aside the law, or orl;anised crime are largeled vestigation is under way appear to detail some of the Illegal arms from the collal'se of aUlhority bllr!: cell of Ihe Civil Co-Opera· whal of Ihe elhical issue? Can it by el''Clronic surveillance. l be flimsy. ,. We have been forced transactions. Commerce maintains 811t11l gilimacy. lioll Dureau (CCIl), an ever be justified for journalists When the Hli bugs aod busls A strikin~ examplr of Ihe a~~assination unit involved in to use bugs? the IliA with secret cameras to the conclusion that this adminis­ they are properly follOWing U.S. law moral Uilt~llHnas raisrd by murdl'ring the Government's they proudly show the footage The answer immedialely of· tration cannot be trusted to reveal by not releasing the documents. Soulh Africa has !J<'('n provided political upponenls. (There are fered up by Soulh Africa's long· on television 10 the sound of the truth about these arms ship­ over rreent wreks by Ihe news· suspicions Ihal Ihey were in· clappin!: from London. The At a bearing In U.S. District slanding moral arbilers. Ihe ments, much less put an end to 1I-1I'er industry itsrlf - by Ihe volved in much more, including "liberal" Press - to which Ihe moral ar!:umenls which rage Court in New York last week, the conlro\'('rsy which came to de·rraudin~ Ihe State on a around !iuch surveillance turn them," Ms. Davis said in prepared mind·bo~~ling W""kly Mail helongs - was Africa Fund's attorney said Intera­ somelhinl: of a head last week sCA,le, but mur· unambiguous. "Heprchensi· on conlrol, rather Ihan the act. testimony. o.-er the allempl hy Ihe Wrckly der sullices for Ihis mural case Th.. potential for ahuse - for gency quarreling among officials in ble." said Ihe Johannesbul'R U.S. law and a 1977 United Na­ Mail 10 "bug" a former police· study). Among the deaths Ihis prurient interests. for example. the Commerce, State and Treasury daily. Business I)ay. declaring tions embargo ban the export of mil­ man. II is a story oITrring a case Ullit plolted was. incidenlally. as wilh the supposed conversa· Is thai Ihe W,'ekly Mail had tions of Princess Oi - prompts derartments blocking the crimi­ stully in newspaper ethics one of Ihe W""kly Mail's own placed itself in Ihe same moral itary arms to South Africa. which one SUSIX'cls will he de· journalisls. society to limit ils use as far as na investigation. camp as "the CCII and olher possible. to the (supposedly) As reported in The Journal of hated in journalism schools for In the eyes of a conspiracy secret organisations the stale years to come. theorist believing in the exis· responsible Stale agencies in Commerce on Sept. 14, federal In­ Ms. Davis was part of a three­ used 10 suppress or terrorise the first instance and Ihen to member panel scheduled to testily llrieny the back!:round 10 the tence of a Third Force. Ihere apartheid's opponents". vestigators are looking at whether story is Ihat the Wrckly Mail cuuld harllly be a more obvious minislerial responsibility and on recent events In South Africa Parliamentary oversight. Commerce officials received forged has developed an ohsession candidate for mel1lhership Ihan AX du Pless, Ihe editor including tbe escalating violence: Dul what of a society in documents or other incorrect infor­ aboul Ihe existence of a "Third "Sire'" Dur!:er. So the Mail of Vrye Wc'Ckhlad ­ hired a firm of private investi· which the "responsible agen· the presence of monltorl from the Force" - essenlially a conspir· Ihe counter· mation on goods bound for countries acy involving elemenls of Ihe galors 10 hu~ Ihe unil's m('('l· M cies" are made up of men like near South Africa. Along with the United Nations and the resumption 1I-,r1 10 Ihe W""kly Mail - de­ Durger; in which minislers "",urily forces 10 foment vio­ in!:s in a Johannesburg holel clared it "a clear violation of South African negotiatiOllJ aimed r