Carabids and Other Beneficial Arthropods in Cereal Crops and Permanent Grasslands and Influence of Field and Landscape Parameters D

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Carabids and Other Beneficial Arthropods in Cereal Crops and Permanent Grasslands and Influence of Field and Landscape Parameters D Carabids and other beneficial arthropods in cereal crops and permanent grasslands and influence of field and landscape parameters D. Massaloux To cite this version: D. Massaloux. Carabids and other beneficial arthropods in cereal crops and permanent grasslands and influence of field and landscape parameters. Biodiversity and Ecology. AgroParisTech, 2020. English. tel-02886480v2 HAL Id: tel-02886480 https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02886480v2 Submitted on 9 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2020 IAVF 0012 THESE DE DOCTORAT préparée à l’Institut des sciences et industries du vivant et de l’environnement (AgroParisTech) pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Institut agronomique vétérinaire et forestier de France Spécialité : Écologie École doctorale n°581 Agriculture, alimentation, biologie, environnement et santé (ABIES) par Damien MASSALOUX Influence du paysage et de la parcelle sur les diversités de carabes et d’autres arthropodes en céréales et prairies permanentes Directeur de thèse : Alexander Wezel Co-encadrement de la thèse : Benoit Sarrazin Thèse présentée et soutenue à Lyon le 22 juin 2020 Composition du jury : M. Pierre-Henri Gouyon, Professeur, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Rapporteur M. Marc Deconchat, Directeur de recherche, INRAE UMR DYNAFOR Rapporteur Mme Stéphanie Aviron, Chargée de recherche, INRAE SAD Paysage Examinatrice M. Davide Rizzo, Enseignant-chercheur, UniLaSalle Beauvais Examinateur M. Alexander Wezel, Enseignant-chercheur (HDR), Isara Directeur de thèse Isara – Groupe de recherche Agroécologie et Environnement 23 rue Jean Baldassini – 69364 Lyon cedex 07 – France Foreword This PhD thesis took place in the Agriculture and Environment research group Of Isara’s laboratory, in Lyon, France, under the direction of Dr. Alexander Wezel and the management of Dr. Benoit Sarrazin. All the samplings and analyses were carried out in the frame of the “Ecological permeability of agricultural areas” research program, funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (reference RA RA0015616) and the Region of Auvergne Rhône-Alpes. The aim of this program is to enhance the knowledge about the contribution of agricultural landscapes to ecological connectivity in order to formulate appropriate recommendations to land planners and farmers. Indeed, the program aims at enhancing the impact of agricultural landscapes on biodiversity. Various research works, scientific papers and communications are directly related to this PhD thesis. Scientific papers Massaloux D, Sarrazin B, Roume A, Tolon V, Wezel A (2020) Complementarity of grasslands and cereal fields ensures carabid regional diversity in French farmlands. Biodivers Conserv. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-02002-9 Massaloux D, Sarrazin B, Roume A, Tolon V, Wezel A (2020) Landscape diversity and field border density enhance carabid diversity in adjacent grasslands and cereal fields. Landsc Ecol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01063-z Massaloux D, Sarrazin B, Roume A, Tolon V, Wezel A (2020) Functional traits of carabid assemblages in adjacent grasslands and cereal fields. (in preparation) Oral communications Massaloux D, Sarrazin B, Roume A, Tolon V, Wezel A (2019). Complementarity of grasslands and cereal fields ensures carabid diversity: a study in French agricultural landscapes. In: 10th International Association of Landscape Ecology World Congress, July 1st – 5th, 2019, Milan, Italy. Massaloux D, Sarrazin B, Roume A, Tolon V, Wezel A (2019). La complémentarité des prairies et céréales améliore la diversité des carabes. In: Rencontres d’Ecologie des Paysages 2019, November 5th- 7th, 2019, Bordeaux, France. iii Acknowledgement Cette thèse, bien qu’elle porte mon nom, n’est pas le travail d’un homme seul, loin s’en faut. Vous êtes nombreux à avoir été essentiels, et sans qui elle n’existerait pas aujourd’hui. Je remercie évidemment Alexander Wezel et Benoit Sarrazin de m’avoir accompagné tout au long de ce travail, et d’avoir su me montrer le chemin à prendre pour devenir un chercheur. Vous m’avez enseigné la rigueur et la dureté du raisonnement scientifique. Vous m’avez ainsi permis de m’épanouir dans ce métier que j’aime aujourd’hui tant. Je remercie les membres de mon jury de thèse d’avoir accepté d’évaluer ce travail de longue haleine : les rapporteurs MM. Pierre-Henri Gouyon et Marc Deconchat, les examinateur·ices Mme Stéphanie Aviron et M. Davide Rizzo. Je remercie aussi tout particulièrement Anthony Roume et Vincent Tolon : vous avez été d’inoubliables partenaires de travail. Que ce soit sur le terrain, entre orages et chaleurs suffocantes, ou bien devant l’âpreté d’une fenêtre de RStudio, vous avez aussi beaucoup contribué à me faire aimer la recherche, à me poser les bonnes questions et à utiliser les bons outils pour y répondre. Je remercie Tillmann Buttschardt, Guillaume Pain, Anthony Roume et Aurélie Ferrer pour avoir accepté de faire partie de mon comité de thèse. Votre bienveillance, votre recul et vos conseils avisés ont été d’une aide inestimable pour mon avancée. Je remercie les équipes de l’Isara, avec lesquelles cela a été une immense joie de travailler pendant ces trois années. En particulier je pense à l’équipe de potron-minet, notamment les habitués Florian, Joël, Soraya et Mathieu, Valentine et Valérie, qui m’a permis de toujours démarrer de bonne heure et de bonne humeur. Je remercie les partenaires du projet SRCE, notamment les agriculteurs qui m’ont ouvert leur parcelle pour effectuer les échantillonnages. Comment oublier la folle équipée de la Salade Thésard, Manon « l’Ancienne », Annabelle, Agathe, Julie « Succubus Commander », Laura « la pire », Justine « le meilleur public qui soit (tmtc) », Olivier « le père Duchêne », Mathilde, Eva, Coralie « la Guanaqueira », Alice « l’enfant terrible », Edouard et Sarah. Nous avons partagé rires et peines pendant ces mois. Une très belle page de se tourne, et vous avez été essentielles (désolé Olivier et Edouard, vous ne faites pas le poids, je mets au féminin). Je tiens à remercier ma famille et mes amis, pour leur patience, pour avoir accepté mes absences et mon repli sur moi-même, afin de me consacrer à cette tâche. Nous allons enfin pouvoir se revoir, fantastique nouvelle n’est-ce pas ? iv Cette thèse, je la dois enfin, aussi et surtout à Alix, mon épouse. Sans toi, je ne me serais pas lancé dans cette aventure de longue haleine, je n’aurais pas osé. Mais tu m’as convaincu et soutenu tout du long, tu m’as toujours dit que j’en étais capable, même dans certains moments difficiles. Cette thèse, en cela, c’est aussi un peu la tienne. Merci Amour de ma vie. v Table of contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................................... iv Table of contents ..................................................................................................................................... vi List of figures ........................................................................................................................................... xi List of tables .......................................................................................................................................... xiv 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Intensification of agriculture and landscapes ......................................................................... 2 1.1.1. Intensification during the European Post-War and modernization of agriculture ......... 2 1.1.2. Intensification of agricultural practices and their impact ............................................... 4 1.1.3. Intensification at landscape scale through simplification ............................................... 7 1.1.4. Impacts of landscape simplification on biodiversity ....................................................... 9 1.2. Beneficial insects in agricultural landscapes ......................................................................... 14 1.2.1. Ecosystem services provided by biodiversity ................................................................ 14 1.2.2. Landscape, ground-dwelling insects and biological control .......................................... 14 1.2.3. Landscape, insects and pollination ................................................................................ 18 1.3. Landscape functional heterogeneity ..................................................................................... 19 1.3.1. Limits of the fragmentation model ............................................................................... 19 1.3.2. Landscape functional heterogeneity, an intermediate framework .............................. 21 1.3.3. Implications for biodiversity at local
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