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Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, C1060-1088 Medicine Through Time, C1250-Present Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918-1939 Superpower Relations and the Cold War, 1941-91

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Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, C1060-1088 Medicine Through Time, C1250-Present Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918-1939 Superpower Relations and the Cold War, 1941-91 HISTORY GCSE KNOWLEDGE ORGANISERS ANGLO-SAXON AND NORMAN ENGLAND, C1060-1088 MEDICINE THROUGH TIME, C1250-PRESENT WEIMAR AND NAZI GERMANY, 1918-1939 SUPERPOWER RELATIONS AND THE COLD WAR, 1941-91 ANGLO-SAXON AND NORMAN ENGLAND, C1060-1088 KNOWLEDGE ORGANISERS KEY TOPIC 1: ANGLO-SAXON ENGLAND AND THE NORMAN CONQUEST, 1060-66 KEY TOPIC 2: WILLIAM I IN POWER: SECURING THE KINGDOM, 1066-87 KEY TOPIC 3: NORMAN ENGLAND, 1066-88 EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE: ANGLO-SAXON AND NORMAN ENGLAND, C1066-88 KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER: KEY TOPIC 1, ‘ANGLO-SAXON ENGLAND AND THE NORMAN CONQUEST, 1060-66’ 1 What were the people who settled in England after the Romans left called? Anglo-Saxons 2 What was the name given to free peasants who could work for another lord as well as their local one? Ceorls 3 What was the name given to the local lords, who lived in manor houses? Thegns 4 What was the measurement used for land, equivalent to 120 acres, during the Anglo-Saxon period? Hides 5 Which group of people, the most important aristocrats in the land, gave loyalty to the king? Earls Law-making; Money production; 6 Society Saxon - What powers did an Anglo-Saxon king have? Landownership; Military & Taxation 7 Anglo What was the name of the council which would advise the king? The Witan 8 Which issues would they advise the king on? Foreign opposition; Religion & Land 9 Which group of men, one from every five hides, were part of the Anglo-Saxon army & fleet? Fyrd 10 Which group of people were responsible for collecting geld taxes, enforcing laws and providing men for the fyrd? Shire reeves 11 From which king was power bestowed on the house of Godwin? King Cnut 12 How did Harold Godwin become closer to the royal family? Edward married his sister, Edith 13 Who was the only significant rival to the Godwins? Aelfgar, Earl of Mercia Tostig, Earl of Northumbria & Gyrth, Earl 14 Other than Harold, Earl of Wessex, and Aelfgar, Earl of Mercia, who else controlled England? of East Anglia 15 When Harold Godwinson travelled to France in the summer of 1064, who was he captured by? Count Guy of Ponthieu 16 The purpose of this mission is clouded in mystery; what is the Norman interpretation of the mission? To swear allegiance to William To rescue Harold’s brother and his 17 What is the Anglo-Saxon interpretation of the purpose of this mission? Edward the Confessor nephew, Wulfnoth & Hakon 18 Who did Tostig replace to become Earl of Northumbria? Earl Siward His friendship with Malcolm III of 19 What were the reasons that contributed to the rising against Tostig in 1065? Scotland, high taxes & cruel punishments 20 How did Harold, and the king’s other advisers, react to the thegns rebellion against Tostig? They agreed that Tostig was to blame 21 Which Anglo-Saxon king died in 1066 with no clear heir? Edward the Confessor 22 Which Anglo-Saxon earl was crowned following the death of the king? Harold Godwinson 23 The claimant to the throne was the Earl of what area of England? Wessex 24 William was Duke of what area in northern France? Normandy Edward the Confessor promised him the 25 What did William claim happened in 1051, which lay at the root of his claim? English throne 26 Who sent a banner to William showing support for his cause? The Pope Rival Claimants 27 Which king of Norway also claimed the English throne? Harald Hardrada 28 Who betrayed Harold Godwinson by joining the Vikings? Tostig (his brother) 29 For how long did the Anglo-Saxon army march to meet the Vikings, once they had invaded northeast England? Four days 30 At what battle did the Anglo-Saxons defeat the Vikings in September 1066? Stamford Bridge 31 What was the name of the battle that took place between Harold and William on October 14th, 1066? The Battle of Hastings 32 What were the names of the elite troops belonging to both William and Harold? William’s knights & Harold’s housecarls 33 Approximately how many soldiers fought in each of the two armies? 7,000 34 What did William ‘break’ that gave him the critical advantage over Harold? The shield wall 35 What was the military tactic that some historians suspect William used to achieve this? Feigned retreat William set sail when Harold had 36 Why do some historians suggest that leadership was an important factor in William’s victory? disbanded his forces 37 Where did William and his troops construct this fortress? Pevensey The Norman Invasion Deciding to fight immediately after 38 Why do some historians suggest that Harold’s failures were an important factor in William’s victory? Stamford Bridge rather than regroup Harald Hardrada invaded York causing 39 Why do some historians suggest that luck was an important factor in William’s victory? Godwinson to move north 40 What is the name of the tapestry on which the entire battle is depicted? Bayeux 1015 King Cnut conquers England 1050 Godwin is exiled 1062 The Godwins defeat Gruffudd ap Llywelyn 1016 Edward goes into exile 1051 Godwin returns with an army 1064 Harold’s embassy 1018 King Cnut gives power to Godwin 1053 Godwin dies; his earldom passes to Harold 1065 Uprising against Tostig; Tostig exiled 1043 Edward becomes king of England 1055 Tostig becomes Earl of Northumbria 1066 Battle of Hastings 1045 Edith marries Edward 1057 Leofwine & Gyrth also become earls 1070 Bayeux Tapestry KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER: KEY TOPIC 2, ‘WILLIAM I IN POWER: SECURING THE KINGDOM, 1066-87’ 1 Who did the Witan elect king of England after the Battle of Hastings? Edgar the Aethling 2 Where did the new king and his followers finally submit to William? Berkhamstead 3 What did William promise in return? To be a ‘gracious lord’ 4 On which day was William crowned king of England? 25th December 1066 5 Which Anglo-Saxon earls did William reward for their loyalty? Edwin & Morcar 6 How did William reward his followers? Giving gifts and granting land 7 Establishing Control What was the name given to the highly fortified borderlands of Chester, Shrewsbury and Hereford? The March of Wales 8 How many castles are estimated to have been William built during William’s reign? 500 A palisade; a keep; a gatehouse; a bailey; a 9 What features did a motte and bailey castle have? ditch and a motte 10 Why did the Normans build castles? To have a base and as a symbol of power 11 Which earls revolted in 1068? Edwin & Morcar Loss of lands, high taxes, badly run 12 Why did they revolt? government and castles 13 Which of William’s supporters, and the Earl of Northumbria, was killed in January 1069? Robert Cumin Saxon resistance Saxon 14 - What is the name given to the governor of a castle and its surrounding areas? Castellan 15 Who launched attacks on the eastern coast of England, with the help of Edgar the Aethling’s Scottish troops? The Danes 16 What did Henry pay the Danes to leave England? The Danelaw 17 What is the name given to the campaign launched on the north following the rebellions? The Harrying (Harrowing) of the North 18 Which rebel leader led the attack on Peterborough and the Isle of Ely? Hereward the Wake 19 After which battle did Eadric the Wild abandon his rebellion against the Marcher earls? The Battle of Shrewsbury The causes and outcomes of Anglo The of causes and outcomes Morcar was imprisoned for life and Edwin 20 What happened to Edwin & Morcar? was killed by his own men The death of Cumin, the rebels used 21 What were the main reasons for William harrying the north? guerrilla tactics & fear of Danish invasion 22 How many people were said to have died as a result of the Harrying of the North? 100,000 23 What was the name of the book which surveyed every landholding in England in 1085? The Domesday Book 24 What was the name given to the large land-holders of Norman England who held land directly from the king? Tenants-in-chief 2; Thurkhill of Arden & Colswein of 25 Of the 190 tenants-in-chiefs, how many were Anglo-Saxon? Lincoln His half-brothers Bishop Odo & Robert of 26 Other than the king, himself, who held the most land in England by 1086? Mortain 27 Whose land was the first to be forfeited in 1066? The Godwinsons’ 28 1087 resistanceThe to legacy of Which group of people did the tenants-in-chiefs usurp? Thegns 29 What is the name of someone who holds land in return for services to their Norman lord? Vassal 30 How did William maintain royal power? Control of coinage, land and oath-taking Ralph de Gael, Roger de Breteuil & 31 Which earls, of East Anglia, Hereford & Northumbria, launched the revolt against King William I in 1075? Waltheof 32 What was unique about the rebellion of 1075? It included Normans 33 Who agreed to help the rebels? Cnut, son of King Sweyn of Denmark Loss of lands, privileges & William’s 34 Why did the earls decide to rebel? absence 35 Why did the earls rebellion fail before it had even began? The Danes failed to arrive in time 36 Which rebel leader betrayed the other two? Waltheof 37 Who did he inform about the rebellion? Bishop Lanfranc, the regent in England Revolt of the Earls, 1075 of Revolt 38 What is the term used when someone is banished from the Catholic Church? Excommunication 39 Which clergyman prevented the rebels crossing the river Severn? Bishop Wulfstan of Worcester Ralph escaped, Roger was imprisoned & 40 What happened to three rebel leaders? Waltheof was executed 1066 (October) William marches on London 1069 (January) Earl Cumin is killed 1070 Hereward the Wake leads a rebellion (February) Uprising in York.
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