DOCSLIB.ORG

In Pursuit of Deep Impact and Market-Rate Returns- KL Felicitas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In Pursuit of Deep Impact and Market-Rate Returns- KL Felicitas IN PURSUIT OF DEEP IMPACT AND MARKET-RATE RETURNS: KL FELICITAS FOUNDATION’S JOURNEY Plum Lomax, Anoushka Kenley, Abigail Rotheroe and Sarah Denselow April 2018 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are extremely grateful to all those who contributed their time, knowledge, and experience to this work. The report is very much a joint effort between NPC and Sonen Capital, and we particularly thank Raúl Pomares and Will Morgan from Sonen, along with the rest of their team, for their work on the financial performance data. We would like to thank Olivia Prentice from the Impact Management Project for her valuable advice and input, providing the voice of over 700 practitioners in the impact investing field. And we are grateful to Dario Parziale from Toniic for his work on the impact portfolio tool which we have incorporated within this report. It is also important to mention the support and guidance we have received from our colleagues at NPC—particularly Dan Corry, Tris Lumley, Rosie McLeod, Satdeep Grewal and Katy Murray. Disclaimer For the avoidance of doubt, NPC presents this report for information and education only. The information in this report is not intended to provide, and should not be construed as, financial, investment, tax, or legal advice. Readers of this report should consult suitable regulated advisors for such advice. References to specific investments, portfolios, or securities do not constitute investment recommendations. Designed by www.supersonicplayground.com 2 | IN PURSUIT OF DEEP IMPACT AND MARKET-RATE RETURNS: KL FELICITAS FOUNDATION’S JOURNEY CONTENTS ABOUT THIS REPORT 4 KEY FINDINGS 5 Social impact 5 Financial performance 8 Field building 9 Insights from the investees 10 ABOUT THE KL FELICITAS FOUNDATION 11 The Foundation’s theory of change 12 Snapshot of the Foundation’s investment portfolio 14 APPROACH AND TOOLS USED FOR THIS REPORT 16 Approach 16 Tools 18 SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE KLF INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO 23 Impact by Sustainable Development Goal 23 Impact practice across the portfolio 36 Investor contribution 41 Impact of individual investments—six case studies 45 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE PORTFOLIO 58 FIELD BUILDING 61 Outcome: more effective social entrepreneurs 62 Outcome: more effective impact investing intermediaries 63 Outcome: more effective impact investors 64 LEARNING FROM THE INVESTEES 67 REVIEWING EXITS, WORKAROUNDS, AND WRITE-DOWNS 70 LOOKING FORWARD: KLF 3.0 73 APPENDICES 74 Appendix 1: Complete list of KLF investments and grants as of 31 December 2016 74 Appendix 2: The KLF portfolio, impact goals and investor contribution 78 Appendix 3: Additional disclosures 80 GLOSSARY 81 REFERENCES 83 IN PURSUIT OF DEEP IMPACT AND MARKET-RATE RETURNS: KL FELICITAS FOUNDATION’S JOURNEY | 3 ABOUT THIS REPORT Impact investing—investment whose goals are simultaneously and measurably both social and financial, aiming for private return as well as public good—is now a very significant asset pool. By some estimates,1 in 2016, over $10 trillion of global assets were using sustainable strategies—including environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors, impact and community investing, and sustainably themed investing. Even more significant is the rate at which sustainable This review of KLF’s social impact, combined with eleven investment is growing—up 41% from 2014.2 As years of financial performance data of their portfolio, interest from individuals, institutions, and foundations is just one element in achieving their mission. To gathers pace, so too has the involvement of global respond to the increasing demand for open datasets on blue chip financial institutions, normally best known impact-investing portfolios, the Kleissners have devoted for a relentless focus on the single bottom line of pure significant time and resources to the Toniic Institute’s financial return: BlackRock, UBS, Goldman Sachs, Bain T100 project—a multi-year study aggregating 76 impact Capital, and TPG are just a few of the institutions that investment portfolios (representing over $3.5bn of now offer impact investment solutions to their clients. assets)—so that others can understand the intentions, impact, and financial risk and returns of impact investors. If we are to ensure that this growing pool of assets has measurable and relevant impact—and as a result is able to NPC is delighted to have been KLF’s impact partner for continue to attract further flows of capital—then it is vital, almost three years. We work together, along with its now more than ever, that we do our very best to assess the investment manager, Sonen Capital, to understand the social and environmental outcomes of those investments and impact of KLF’s investments. Our work has shed light on get a handle on the likely impact of that capital. These efforts two fundamental lessons: need to be transparently measured and widely reported. Without such transparency, the risk is that impact falls short 1. Despite challenges for investors and investees, it is of expectations, investors are disappointed, and the field fails possible to measure the outcomes of a wide spectrum to grow, loses momentum, or worse. Fund managers such of investments across different asset classes and those illustrated in the report—that are setting the pace in impact categories. demonstrating impact—are to be applauded. 2. Impact (of varying degrees) can be achieved while Charly and Lisa Kleissner are an important part of this gaining a financial return (of varying levels). growing movement. Through their KL Felicitas Foundation (KLF), managed by Sonen Capital, they now have over 13 years of experience in investing their $10m of foundation Throughout this document, we use the word assets for impact. From day one, transparency—both on ‘impact’ in relatively broad terms. We understand the financial returns and the social and environmental that in its truest sense, impact refers to the impact achieved by their investments—has been long-term difference achieved for individuals, paramount. Learning from, and sharing, their failures as families, communities, or the planet. But this is well as their achievements matters to them deeply; their often extremely hard to measure, and more so for mission is to transform the global financial system so enterprises in the impact investment space where that, one day, every investment made by any individual data is patchy and of varying quality—where we or institution accounts for its social and environmental often must make do with proxies for impact such impact—positive or negative. They see their role as as outputs or number of people reached. challengers of traditional investment approaches, encouraging and enabling investors by building evidence, creating powerful tools, and co-creating support networks. 4 | IN PURSUIT OF DEEP IMPACT AND MARKET-RATE RETURNS: KL FELICITAS FOUNDATION’S JOURNEY KEY FINDINGS The Kleissners’ goal with their foundation has been twofold: to create a 100% impact portfolio, with the deepest possible impact while achieving market-rate returns for the portfolio as a whole; and to build the impact investment field. They do this by: making transparent the contents have over 300,000 active borrowers, compared to under and performance of their portfolio; and by providing 200,000 in 2014. And by 2016, Better Ventures, through its financial and non-financial support to cultivate networks, investees, had cumulatively enabled 3.2 million individuals catalyse the work of others in the field, and develop new to access essential services (such as energy and healthcare), organisations and programmes where gaps are identified. compared to less than half a million in 2014. These are just a few examples of some of KLF’s thematic investments. This report is an update of our 2015 review of the KL Felicitas Foundation, Investing for impact: Practical The sustainable elements of the fund are achieving social tools, lessons and results.3 We have amended our and environmental impact. For example, the portfolio approach—focusing on financial returns as well as companies of Sonen Capital’s Global Equity Strategy (public social impact, building on Sonen Capital’s publication of market investments selected for best-in-class ESG practices) KLF’s financial returns, Evolution of an impact portfolio: demonstrate better social and environmental performance From implementation to results.4 than the benchmark†: significantly lower (43%) water use and slightly lower (3%) water intensity than the benchmark, We have assessed a wider spectrum of investments while the carbon emissions of the portfolio were more than including publicly listed investments, considered five times lower than the benchmark.8 their contribution towards the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)5, and engaged with Impact First investments can be higher risk. There are investees on their data. We also updated our Impact some investments within the portfolio that have not Risk Classification framework6 to align with the latest succeeded in becoming viable enterprises—despite very thinking in the impact-investing field, particularly drawing strong impact propositions. For example, SMV Wheels, a on the work of the Impact Management Project.7 social enterprise providing a rent-to-own service for bicycle rickshaw drivers in India, is no longer in business due to a challenging business environment and inadequately skilled For reasons discussed in our previous report, we do management. FAIM, which uses modern plant propagation not uniquely attribute impact to KLF; instead, in all techniques to improve the productivity of Rwandan farmers, cases, we say that KLF’s investment, often as one struggled to achieve a sustainable business model. And Living among many investors, contributed towards the Forest, an eco-development of forestland, lost its land in social impact outlined below.* foreclosure. These failures are limited within the portfolio, mainly apply to Program-Related Investments (PRIs)‡ or other Impact First investments, and reflect the risk-taking approach of KLF. Indeed, we would suggest that an impact investor Social impact that does not have failures among their investments may not be reaching for hard-to-achieve impact.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Imperial Cult and the Individual
    THE IMPERIAL CULT AND THE INDIVIDUAL: THE NEGOTIATION OF AUGUSTUS' PRIVATE WORSHIP DURING HIS LIFETIME AT ROME _______________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Department of Ancient Mediterranean Studies at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________________________ by CLAIRE McGRAW Dr. Dennis Trout, Dissertation Supervisor MAY 2019 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled THE IMPERIAL CULT AND THE INDIVIDUAL: THE NEGOTIATION OF AUGUSTUS' PRIVATE WORSHIP DURING HIS LIFETIME AT ROME presented by Claire McGraw, a candidate for the degree of doctor of philosophy, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. _______________________________________________ Professor Dennis Trout _______________________________________________ Professor Anatole Mori _______________________________________________ Professor Raymond Marks _______________________________________________ Professor Marcello Mogetta _______________________________________________ Professor Sean Gurd DEDICATION There are many people who deserve to be mentioned here, and I hope I have not forgotten anyone. I must begin with my family, Tom, Michael, Lisa, and Mom. Their love and support throughout this entire process have meant so much to me. I dedicate this project to my Mom especially; I must acknowledge that nearly every good thing I know and good decision I’ve made is because of her. She has (literally and figuratively) pushed me to achieve this dream. Mom has been my rock, my wall to lean upon, every single day. I love you, Mom. Tom, Michael, and Lisa have been the best siblings and sister-in-law. Tom thinks what I do is cool, and that means the world to a little sister.
    [Show full text]
  • Calendar of Roman Events
    Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th.
    [Show full text]
  • Material Culture and the Greek and Latin Classroom
    University of Mary Washington Eagle Scholar Classics, Philosophy, and Religion College of Arts and Sciences 2018 Material Culture and the Greek and Latin Classroom Liane Houghtalin Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.umw.edu/cpr Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Classical Archaeology and Art History Commons, and the Education Commons Teaching Classical Languages Volume 9, Issue 1 Houghtalin 39 Material Culture and the Greek and Latin Classroom Liane Houghtalin University of Mary Washington ABSTRACT Responding to the new Standards for Classical Language Learning, this article emphasizes the importance of material culture to the study of Greek and Latin language and literature at every level, both K-12 and college. Using inscriptions on Greek vases and Roman coins as well as maps and house plans as examples, it demonstrates ways to insert material culture into the Greek and Latin classroom that will enhance a student’s knowledge of the language. It also shows how the use of material culture will help a class meet not only the Cultures goal of the new Standards, but also the Connections, Comparisons, and Communication goals. KEYWORDS Roman coins, material culture, inscriptions, maps, house plans, Standards, Greek vases A student starting French or Spanish can hold a short conversation in the target language after just one week of class. What can we offer students beginning their journey in ancient Greek or Latin? This article will demonstrate ways to insert material culture into high school and college Greek and Latin classrooms through inscriptions on Greek vases and Roman coins and through the exploration of maps and plans.
    [Show full text]
  • IMPERIAL VIRTUES in SUETONIUS' CAESARES the Johns Hopkins University (Annona, Felicitas, Liberalitas, Providentia, Clementia, Co
    r ( - ( r ~s IMPERIAL VIRTUES IN SUETONIUS' CAESARES ,. K. R. BRADLEY ~··. The Johns Hopkins University An argument has been made that Suetonius' use of virtue-terms reflects criticism of the emperor Hadrian; this article argues the reverse; it suggests instead that the use of virtue-terms should be attributed to the development in the ideology of the principate of imperial virtues, on which Sue toni us could draw as one means of assessing his biographi­ cal subjects. A noticeable feature of Suetonius' Caesares is the frequent use and mustration of virtue-terms to demonstrate aspects of ( character. This is not altogether surprising given that virtue­ } terms were deeply connected with the traditionally moralistic nature of Roman historiography and that, in an increasingly ( political sense, even under the Republic associations had begun to develop between powerful individuals and certain isolated virtues: Sulla and felicitas, Caesar and clementia provide two I well known instances of this. It is worthwhile, however, to ( examine some of these usages in Suetoniu-s, not least because ) the possibility of con temporary allusiveness is thereby intra­ duced; any historical work is naturally subject to the influence of developments or tastes prevalent at the time of writing, and when Hadrianic allusions have been detected in Tacitus' Annales m (1) the same might be anticipated for the Caesares. An ap­ ·.; proach of this kind must of necessity be subjective especially ,j. since the literary tradition for Hadrian is not above reproach. (2) Nonetheless, the minimal appearance in the Caesares of words which served as predominant Hadrianic coin legends (annona, felicitas, liberalitas, providentia, clementia, concordia, iustitia, pietas, sal us A ugusti, securitas,) and their association in the main with malipn·ncipes has formed part of an argument that Suetonius and Hadrian felt a mutual, deep antipathy; (1) R.
    [Show full text]
  • Perpetua Before the Crowd: Martyrdom and Memory in Roman North Africa Gabrielle Friesen University of Colorado Boulder
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CU Scholar Institutional Repository University of Colorado, Boulder CU Scholar Undergraduate Honors Theses Honors Program Spring 2014 Perpetua Before the Crowd: Martyrdom and Memory in Roman North Africa Gabrielle Friesen University of Colorado Boulder Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.colorado.edu/honr_theses Recommended Citation Friesen, Gabrielle, "Perpetua Before the Crowd: Martyrdom and Memory in Roman North Africa" (2014). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 94. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Honors Program at CU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of CU Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Perpetua Before the Crowd: Martyrdom and Memory in Roman North Africa Gabrielle Friesen Department of History Undergraduate Honors Thesis April 2014 Advisor: Anne E. Lester, Department of History Committee: John Willis, Department of History Noel Lenski, Department of Classics Andy Cain, Department of Classics ABSTRACT Vibia Perpetua’s prison diary is one of the first known Christian works by a woman. Her writing survived due to continued fascination with their power, their deeply personal nature and Perpetua’s intimate descriptions of her life just before her death, as well as due to the controversies surrounding them. This thesis contextualizes the exemplary nature of Perpetua’s work by examining its differences from prior martyrological accounts, namely the Acts of the Gallic martyrs (177 AD) and the Acts of the Scillitan Martyrs (180 AD). Following this, the thesis examines the modes of gendered violence employed against Perpetua during her life and her execution in 203 AD, both from the state and from family, and her resistances to these violences.
    [Show full text]
  • DE NOVIS LIBRIS IUDICIA H. ERKELL, Augustus, Felicitas
    DE NOVIS LIBRIS IUDICIA H. ERKELL, Augustus, Felicitas, Fortuna. Lateinische Wortstudien. Goteborg, Elanders Boktryckeri Aktiebolag, 1952. 191 p. Pr. cor. 14. This book really gives far more than the title suggests. Studies of three words indeed, but not in a lexicological sense, for the author attempts an analysis of the significance which these words had for the Roman mind, especially in the last century of the Republic. Personally I do not hesitate to put these Woytstudien on a par with the famous articles by R. Heinze on Auctoyitas and Libertas. There is today among the writers on Ancient History a tendency to seek (and find) behind the narratives of the Roman historians a hidden ideology, vaguely indicated non-rationalistic ideas, and allusions which are said to reveal the real purpose of their work. Dr. Erkell confronts these constructions with the facts, exactly .interpreting and carefully analysing what these autors actually said, guarding himself against any "Hineininterpretieren"; and the result, though at first sight somewhat flat and negative, is startling: these far reaching conclusions and seemingly brilliant observations are exposed as being mostly phantasy, in some cases barely possible, in others flatly contrary to the testimonies of our sources, or, at the least, highly improbable. Part Ia deals with the use of the word augustus in the first decade of I.ivius. I give the conclusion in the author's own words: "Die Ansicht Stiiblers dass sich augustus fast überall in der ersten Decade auf die Person des Kaisers beziehe, entbehrt also jeder Stftze. I.ivius hat mehrmals auf Augustus hingewiesen, aber klar und deutlich, mit Nennung seines Namens".
    [Show full text]
  • On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation
    On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation by Jared McCabe Hudson A dissertation in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ellen Oliensis, chair Professor Maurizio Bettini Professor Dylan Sailor Professor Carlos Noreña Spring 2013 On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation © 2013 by Jared McCabe Hudson Abstract On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation By Jared McCabe Hudson Doctor of Philosophy in Classics University of California, Berkeley Professor Ellen Oliensis, Chair The first chapter examines the role played by the litter (lectica) and sedan chair (sella) in Roman literature and culture. The portrait of the wealthy freedman, lounging in his deluxe octaphoros (litter carried by eight imported slaves), is one which appears repeatedly, taking shape in the late Republic and reaching a climax of frequency in the satires of Juvenal and the epigrams of Martial, in the late first century CE. While by this stage the conveyance undeniably functions as a satirical symbol, the origins and constructedness of its role as such have been surprisingly under-examined by modern scholars. In order to excavate the litter’s developing identity, I first unravel Roman accounts of the vehicle’s origins. The lectica was repeatedly framed by Roman authors such as Cicero as an exotic import from the near east (Bithynia, in particular), only available to Romans upon their exposure, through the process of imperial expansion, to eastern softness. However, such a projection involved carefully distinguishing this “decadent” litter from already existing, sanctioned litter use: thus the lectica also encompasses a category closer to our “stretcher.” Indeed, the litter’s status as a newfangled import is belied by coexisting narratives of republican-era patriarchs riding in the lectica, usually because of injury, old age, or disability.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016-02-13 Gods and Goddesses Article.Htm
    List of GODS & GODDESSES on Ancient Greek & Roman Coins including the Deities and Mythical Characters to Collect A world of mystery, intrigue and fantasy awaits. See the various gods, goddesses, and mythical deities and characters available to collect on ancient Greek and Roman coins. Transport yourself to the ancient past, explore the unexplored and collect authentic ancient coins of those various deities. This article was intended to expand on various ideas for a coin collector and a fantastic coin collection. By clicking on the links below, you will search my eBay store for specific examples of these these gods that I have available on coins. The goal is for you to have an easy-to-use guide, which allows you to view the different types of coins easily and quickly. Below is a link to download this article in PDF format to your computer, which will allow you to come back to this info in the future, or if you print it out, you can always find this article again online via the link: http://www.trustedancientcoins.com/list-of-gods/ 1. Zeus on Ancient Greek Coins | Jupiter, his Roman Equivalent Ancient Coins 2. Hercules on Ancient Greek and Roman Coins 3. Ares on Ancient Greek Coins | Mars, his Roman Equivalent Ancient Coins | Virtus, the god of valor, often depicted like Mars or Ares on ancient Roman Coins 4. Nymph the Ancient Greek Deity depicted on Greek and Roman coins 5. Felicitas the Ancient Roman goddess of luck | Fortuna the Ancient Roman goddess of luck | Tyche the Ancient Greek goddess of luck - Luck goddesses.
    [Show full text]
  • Naked Power: the Phallus As an Apotropaic Symbol in the Images and Texts of Roman Italy
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Undergraduate Humanities Forum 2005-6: Word Penn Humanities Forum Undergraduate & Image Research Fellows 4-1-2006 Naked Power: The Phallus as an Apotropaic Symbol in the Images and Texts of Roman Italy Claudia Moser University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/uhf_2006 Part of the Classics Commons Moser, Claudia, "Naked Power: The Phallus as an Apotropaic Symbol in the Images and Texts of Roman Italy" (2006). Undergraduate Humanities Forum 2005-6: Word & Image. 11. https://repository.upenn.edu/uhf_2006/11 2005-2006 Penn Humanities Forum on Word & Image, Undergraduate Mellon Research Fellows. URL: http://humanities.sas.upenn.edu/05-06/mellon_uhf.shtml This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/uhf_2006/11 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Naked Power: The Phallus as an Apotropaic Symbol in the Images and Texts of Roman Italy Abstract Representations of the phallus abound in both the art and the literature of the first-century A.D. Roman world. On frescoes in both private homes and public buildings, on amulets, statues, etchings, tripods, drinking cups and vases, exaggerated phallic images, these purportedly apotropaic symbols protect the inhabitant, the passerby, the wearer, the user from outside evil. The contemporary Latin literature, Roman satire and elegy in particular (Catullus, Martial, Juvenal, Horace, Tibullus), and the Priapea, a collection of poems about the phallic god Priapus, offer descriptions of the phallus and its functions that both coincide with and differ from the material examples. This paper will investigate these correspondences and discrepancies between verbal and artistic representation, and, in particular, what these similarities and inconsistencies reveal about the public function of this private imagery in the contemporary culture of ancient Roman Italy.
    [Show full text]
  • Hudson Dissertation Final Version
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rp2b2ws Author Hudson, Jared McCabe Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation by Jared McCabe Hudson A dissertation in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ellen Oliensis, chair Professor Maurizio Bettini Professor Dylan Sailor Professor Carlos Noreña Spring 2013 On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation © 2013 by Jared McCabe Hudson Abstract On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation By Jared McCabe Hudson Doctor of Philosophy in Classics University of California, Berkeley Professor Ellen Oliensis, Chair The first chapter examines the role played by the litter (lectica) and sedan chair (sella) in Roman literature and culture. The portrait of the wealthy freedman, lounging in his deluxe octaphoros (litter carried by eight imported slaves), is one which appears repeatedly, taking shape in the late Republic and reaching a climax of frequency in the satires of Juvenal and the epigrams of Martial, in the late first century CE. While by this stage the conveyance undeniably functions as a satirical symbol, the origins and constructedness of its role as such have been surprisingly under-examined by modern scholars. In order to excavate the litter’s developing identity, I first unravel Roman accounts of the vehicle’s origins.
    [Show full text]
  • Mystical Rome V 2.0- July Release Morra Universal Cinematic Game System Contents Chapter Eight: Genre: Mystical Rome
    Mystical Rome V 2.0- July Release Morra Universal Cinematic Game System Contents Chapter Eight: Genre: Mystical Rome ................................................................ 4 Mystical Rome Credits .................................................................................... 5 Target Audience ............................................................................................ 5 Rating and Descriptors: R ............................................................................... 5 Mystical Rome Inspiration ............................................................................... 6 Mystical Rome Budget .................................................................................... 7 Mystical Rome Archetypes ............................................................................... 7 Artisan .................................................................................................... 7 Barbarian ................................................................................................. 9 Bureaucrat ..............................................................................................10 Clergy ....................................................................................................11 Criminal ..................................................................................................12 Druid ......................................................................................................13 Gladiator .................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • [PDF]The Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome
    The Myths & Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome E. M. Berens p q xMetaLibriy Copyright c 2009 MetaLibri Text in public domain. Some rights reserved. Please note that although the text of this ebook is in the public domain, this pdf edition is a copyrighted publication. Downloading of this book for private use and official government purposes is permitted and encouraged. Commercial use is protected by international copyright. Reprinting and electronic or other means of reproduction of this ebook or any part thereof requires the authorization of the publisher. Please cite as: Berens, E.M. The Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome. (Ed. S.M.Soares). MetaLibri, October 13, 2009, v1.0p. MetaLibri http://metalibri.wikidot.com [email protected] Amsterdam October 13, 2009 Contents List of Figures .................................... viii Preface .......................................... xi Part I. — MYTHS Introduction ....................................... 2 FIRST DYNASTY — ORIGIN OF THE WORLD Uranus and G (Clus and Terra)........................ 5 SECOND DYNASTY Cronus (Saturn).................................... 8 Rhea (Ops)....................................... 11 Division of the World ................................ 12 Theories as to the Origin of Man ......................... 13 THIRD DYNASTY — OLYMPIAN DIVINITIES ZEUS (Jupiter).................................... 17 Hera (Juno)...................................... 27 Pallas-Athene (Minerva).............................. 32 Themis .......................................... 37 Hestia
    [Show full text]