Manual De Identificación De Especies Peruanas De Flora Y Fauna Silvestre Susceptibles Al Comercio Ilegal

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Manual De Identificación De Especies Peruanas De Flora Y Fauna Silvestre Susceptibles Al Comercio Ilegal MANUAL DE IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ESPECIES PERUANAS DE FLORA Y FAUNA SILVESTRE SUSCEPTIBLES AL COMERCIO ILEGAL r MODULO II : Identificación de especies de fauna silvestre y productos derivados comercializados comúnmente. Lucila Pautrat Inés Ángulo Camila Germana César Uchima Ruth Castillo Mario Candela © 2002 : Embajada de Finlandia Av. Victor A. Belaúnde 147, Torre Real Tres, Of. 502 San Isidro, Lima 27 - Perú. Telf : (51-1) 222-4466 Fax : (51-1) 222-4463 e-mail : [email protected] www.finlandiaperu.org.pe © 2002 : Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales - INRENA Los Petirrojos 355, Urb. El Palomar San Isidro, Lima 27 - Perú. Telf : (51-1) 224-3298 Fax : (51-1) 225-1053 Asociación Peruana para la Conservación de la Naturaleza - APECO Parque José de Acosta 187 Magdalena, Lima 17 - Perú. Telf : (51-1) 264-0094 Fax : (51-1) 264-3027 e-mail : [email protected] http://bamoperu.terra.com.pe/apeco WWF - Oficina del Programa Perú Av. San Felipe 720 Jesús María, Lima 11 - Perú. Telf : (51-1) 261-5300 Fax : (51-1) 463-4459 Fotografías : Inés Ángulo, Donald Brightsmith , Lucila Pautrat y César Uchima.. Ilustraciones y dibujos : Fernando Zavala. Diseño de carátula : Isabel Ángulo. Depósito Legal : 1501012002-3895 Tiraje : 150 ejemplares. Impreso en Taller Visual / 4282230 / Lima. Distribución gratuita. Prohibida la venta. Contenido ESPECIES Y PRODUCTOS DE FAUNA SILVESTRE SUSCEPTIBLES AL COMERCIO ILEGAL 1 Cuadro 1: Especies de aves vulnerables al comercio ilegal de especímenes y/o productos 3 Cuadro 2: Especies de mamíferos vulnerables al comercio ilegal de especímenes y/o productos 5 Cuadro 3: Especies de reptiles y anfibios vulnerables al comercio ilegal de especímenes y/o productos 6 AVES 7 Familia Psitacidae 7 Género Amazona 7 Género Brotogeris 8 Género Forpus 8 Género Aratinga 9 Género Pionus 9 Género Ara 10 Otros psitácidos 11 Familias Falconidae y Accipitridae 12 Familia Falconidae 12 Familia Accipitridae : 13 Familia Cracidae 14 Familia Ramphastidae 15 Familia Cotingidae 15 Familia Trochilidae 16 Otras aves 17 MAMÍFEROS 19 Familia Myrmecophagidae 19 Familia Megalonychidae 19 Familias Callitrichidae y Cebidae 20 Familia Callitrichidae 20 Familia Cebidae 21 Familia Felidae 23 Otros mamíferos 24 REPTILES 25 Familias Alligatoridae y Crocodylidae 25 Familias Cheloniidae, Dermochelidae, Testudinidae y Pelomedusidae 28 Familia Testudinidae 29 Familia Pelomedusidae 30 Otras tortugas 31 Familia Boidae 32 Familias Iguanidae y Teiidae 34 Familia Iguanidae 34 Familia Teiidae 35 ARTRÓPODOS 36 Mariposas 37 Ciclo de vida 37 Defensa 38 Colores 38 Importancia 38 Familia Nymphalidae 39 Género Morpho 39 Género Agrias 40 Familia Papillionidae 41 Género Papilio 41 Género Parides 41 Caja entomológica 42 Tarántulas 43 Coleópteros o escarabajos 44 IDENTIFICACIÓN DE PRODUCTOS ELABORADOS A PARTIR DE FAUNA SILVESTRE 46 Cuadro 4: Artesanías y productos elaborados a partir de fauna silvestre disponibles en mercados 47 Animales disecados 52 Aves 52 Cuadro 5: Especies de aves utilizadas para taxodermia 52 Mamíferos 53 Cuadro 6: Especies de mamíferos utilizados para taxodermia 53 Reptiles 53 Cuadro 7: Especies de reptiles utilizados para taxodermia 53 Cráneos en bruto como objetos ornamentales 54 Familia Felidae 55 Familia Tapiridae 55 Orden Primates 55 Marsupiales 56 Orden Xenartha 56 Otros 56 Cráneos y pieles 57 Cuadro 8: Especies de mamíferos cazados por sus pieles 57 Pieles de felinos 58 Otras pieles de mamíferos 59 Pieles de boas y serpientes 59 Pieles de caimanes 60 ¿Cómo reconocer las pieles artificiales? 62 Otras pieles de reptiles 62 Caparazones y espinas 63 Caparazones de tortugas 63 Espinas de puerco espín 63 Caparazones de armadillos 64 Plumas 65 Cuadro 9: Especies de aves cuyas plumas se utilizan comúnmente en la confección de artesanías y adornos 65 Lista de especies 67 BIBLIOGRAFÍA 70 Especies y proquctos ele fauna silvestre susceptibles ai comercio ilegal F.l ri'-.ífico de f-.uin.i silvestre ¡nchivc tamo Ja comercialización de animales vivn< para ser usados como mascotas, en investigación biomcdtca. por coleccionistas \ por centros ele reproducción, como también la comercialización de animales mucrios iauc en su totalidad o en j 1 • 1 ríe1 s son usadlos para raxidernna, artes.mías, practicas nujo -religiosas v medicina folklórica entre otros, [MI esros usos están in\'olucrados producios \ sub-producr< >N 'ales como pieles, fibras, huesos, oréanos ¡memos, plumas, huc\os, dientes, acei'es, ere. h.nfre los anímale1- preteridos como mascotas predominan los loros, monos, tor¡uc;as, 'peces ornamentales, ¡miañas, lioas, nuriilos, etc. I'.l franco de primales monos retí mere especial atención deludo a t]uc es ios son altan lem e v Lil ñera ¡des. Adicionalmeiile a su valor mi rínseeo como pane de los ecos; s lemas tropicales, son nvu\ solicitados para la investigación biomcdica \ como mascólas. |..¡ rraemcniac.on de los habitáis ha vulilcrahihzado a los primates a la ca/a, como resultado de ello en los últimos 3li anos se ha reportado la extinción de 3 especies a n¡\ el immdi.il. \ciu.i!:ik'iik'. casi el ! i U i " ., de las especies de primares de rodo el nmndo se cnciicnt rail en los .Apéndices I \ I i de (.IT1.S. asi en el Perú rodas las especies de primales se etiCLicntran h.iio alguna categoría de amena/a. lü'Lia'mente ni Lichas aves silvestres, especialmente los psi ráculos ¡oros están siendo llevadas a Ja extinción deludo al Comercio ilegal, (aula año por ¡o menos S millones de ives si! ves! res son extraídas de sus aniii lentes natura ¡es para ser comercia!!/.idas, i s; por c ¡emolo se estima c¡ue anualmente 2T."V'Í|I'! aves exóticas son introducidas a l-.srados I nulos lle^almenre a irax'es tic la rronrera con México, de las cuales aproximadamente l.¡ mir.nl mucre durante el transporte, h.n Perú el comercio de aves para mascotas aterra principalmente' .1 winas especies di' loros \ pencos tlel hostjue seco, yi.icini.ivix al'j;unos !niiLi,ilhdos, Lialhrormes \ aves rapaces. Por otro lado la comercialización de productos derivados de l,i i.iLina ateci ; sohrc todo a caimanes, ¡.muarés \ riea'illos e|ue son capturados para ¡a comercialización de cueros v pieles. Otras especies amenazadas por el comercio tic pieles son el loho de no, ¡as nul n.b. los lobos marinos, la chinchilla v la vi/cacha. v.\ traheo no solo afecta a las especies tropicales, h.n ¡as zimas ahoandinas de i'erii. í.hik1 y Argentina se cazan guanacos \' \'iCLiñas p.ira la extracción de fibra, l'n estas zonas iamn.cn se capturan pumas, zorros v condores andinos, aves para taxidermia. \ ani.nios pa>\¡ consumo \- usos medicinales. IMI genera. 1 para todas estas especies el comercio ileual resulla mu\ periudu :.ii, no so,, por el airo \"o!umen t]iie se estima se comercializa!, s:tv> laminen pin'uuc las ¡js.is (¡e morrandad duranie la capí Lira, rransporle \ acopio resultan ser extrematlamen'e alias; sC estima i]i;e en genera! i\c cada 1" .mímales t|ue se extraen de su medio ambiente solo ..¡no ÜCM a su destnn i. A i o laru" de esie mi ululo \'e remos i );i si cimente las principales caracú r: sucas ^ue ¡vr::r u n identificar a las esnecies tic animales mas susceptibles a: cniix n. :< •• i lu ;•. .. Para ello presentamos en primer lugar tres tablas donde se puede ver las principales especies de aves, mamíferos, reptiles y anfibios susceptibles al comercio ilegal de individuos y/o productos, especificando su clasificación científica, procedencia, estatus de conservación (apéndice CITES y según la Resolución Ministerial 013—99-AG), así como sus principales usos y otras observaciones importantes. Luego, mediante fotos y dibujos mostraremos las características básicas para la identificación de animales vivos (aves, mamíferos, reptiles y anfibios)y artrópodos más comunes en el comercio tanto nacional como internacional. En una siguiente parte trataremos lo que es el reconocimiento de los productos provenientes de la fauna (animales disecados, cráneos, pieles, caparazones y plumas), usados básicamente en la elaboración de artesanías. Para facilitar el conocimiento del estatus de conservación de cada especie según CITES se presenta al costado de todas las especies que están incluidas en los apéndices CITES lo siguiente: Apéndice I CITES Apéndice II CITES Leyenda del cuadro N°1 PROCEDENCIA MP Mar del Pacifico C Costa CN Costa Norte CC Costa Central BS Bosque seco SERR Serranías PAR Páramo P Puna W Humedales LA Lagunas altoandinas SA Selva alta SB Selva baja Cuadro 1: Especies de aves vulnerables al comercio ilegal de especímenes y/o productos NOMBRE NOMBRE STATUS CONSERVACIÓN OBSERVACIONES FAMILIA PROCEDENCIA COMÚN CIENTÍFICO CITES RM 013-99 (USOS y AMENAZAS) PSITACIDAE Periquito alas azules Brotogeris cyanoptera SB Apend. II — Trafico Mascotas / Turismo Periquito frente amarilla Brotogeris sanctithomae SB Apend. II — Trafico Mascotas / Turismo Periquito alas amarillas Brotogeris versicoloras BS(CN)/SB Apend. II Trafico Mascotas / Turismo Perico multicolor Hapalopsittaca amazonina SA Apend. II — Trafico Mascotas / Turismo Loro mejillas doradas Leptosittaca branickii SA / PAR. Apend. 11 Sit. Indeterminada Trafico Mascotas / Turismo San Pedrito Aratinga weddellii SB Apend. II — Mascotas Cotorra de Wagler Aratinga wagleri BS(CN) Apend. II — Mascotas Loro frente roja Aratinga erythrogenis BS (CN) Apend. II — Trafico Mascotas / Turismo Perico pachaloro Forpus xanthopteregius BS (CN) Apend. II — Trafico Mascotas / Turismo Lorito sordo Forpus coelestis BS (CN) Apend. II -- Trafico Mascotas / Turismo Lorito cola corta Graydidasculus brachyurus SB Apend. II — Trafico Mascotas /Turismo Chirríele cabeza negra Pionites melanocephala SB Apend. II — Trafico Mascotas/Turismo Loro alas bronceadas o negro Pionus chalcopterus BS(CN) Apend. II Sit. Vulnerable Trafico Mascotas / Turismo Loro cabeza azul Pionus menstrvs SA/SB Apend. II Sit. Indeterminada Mascotas / Turismo / Artesanías Loro verde Amazona mercenaria SA Apend. II Sit. Indeteminanda Mascotas / Turismo / Artesanías Loro corona y mejillas amarillas Amazona amazónica SB Apend. II Sit. Indeterminada Mascotas / Turismo / Artesanías Uchpa loro Amazona farinosa SB Apend.
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