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EL GENERO Morpho EN COLOMBIA: 1 Agronomíacolombiana, 1994, VolumenXINo. 1;pág. 13-19 EL GENERO Morpho EN COLOMBIA: 1. ESPECIES PRESENTES EN COLOMBIA, DISTRIBUCION GEOGRAFICA y ALTITUDINAL The genus morpho in colombia: 1. species present in colombia, and their geographic and altitudinal distribution Claudia Rodríguez " Carlos Suárez R. " Emilio Luque Z. 2 RESUMEN INTRODUCCION En este trabajo, se presentan los resultados de Actualmente, en Colombia, es muy común hablar los estudios sobre el género Morphoen Colombia de temas como la biodiversidad, ecología, recopilados (6), con una redescripción de las biotecnología y explotación racional de los bancos especies del género que habitan en Colombia, con genéticos; sin embargo, no se han abordado, con base en las características de patrones de suficiente amplitud y profundidad, aspectos coloración y genitalias. Simultáneamente, se importantes de la investigación biológica básica, incluyen datos biológicos y ecológicos, como: como la determinación del número real de especies distribución geográfica y altitudinal, hábitos, hábitat de una gran cantidad de familias, tanto de plantas y comportamiento, además de otras anotaciones como de animales, conocimiento que resulta y comentarios de cada una de las 24 especies; primordial, no sólo para determinar con mayor se adicionan gráficos simplificados de las genitalias exactitud el patrimonio biológico que debemos de cada una de las especies, muchas de las cuales conservar, sino, también, para emprender otro tipo no habían sido ilustradas anteriormente y, de estudios. finalmente, se incluyen los registros de diferentes colecciones. En esta primera entrega, se señala No obstante que existen trabajos generales sobre la distribución geográfica y altitudinal de las el género Morphopara el Neotrópico {1; 2; 3;'5 Y especies que habitan en Colombia. 9j Y que, para Colombia, se han realizado recientemente valiosos trabajos sobre algunas especies de este género {7 y 8j, cuya cobertura SUMMARY geográfica y altitudinal suele ser limitada, éste es, quizás, el primer intento reciente de recopilar el This work puts together the results of six studies conocimiento existente y, además, contribuir con carried out in Colombia on the genus Morpho, with nueva información sobre las especies del género a revised description of. the species found in Morpho que habitan en Colombia. Como Colombia based on color patterns and mal e complemento de la anterior labor, se realizó un genitalia. Biological and ecological data are estudio sobre los aspectos generales de la biología included, such as geographic and altitudinal y ecología de las especies del género presentes distribution, habitat, habits and behavior, and en la región de Dtanche, localizada en el occidente annotated comments on each of the 24 species. del departamento de Boyacá, que por diversas The work features drawings of genitalia for each circunstancias, es muy poco frecuentada para species, some of which had not been published realizar este tipo de investigaciones y que, before. This first issue covers the distribution of además, aún conserva buena parte de su species found in Colombia. diversidad biológica. MATERIALES Y METODOS En la fase de campo, se revisaron doce Biólogo - Universidad Nacional de Colombia. colecciones existentes a nivel nacional, para Profesor, Facultad de Agronomía. Universidad obtener la información disponible sobre: ubicación Nacional de Colombia. AA 14490, Santafé de Bogotá. 13 geográfica y altitudinal, sexo, colector, fecha y se las subespecies alopátricas conocidas, para realizó el registro fotográfico. Colombia son: Morpho cypris cypr/s y Morpho cypns /e/argei, Morpho rhodopteron moaopteronv En la fase de laboratorio, se hizo la disección de Morpho rhodopteron schu/tzei, Morpho rhetenor las genitalias de los machos representantes de rhetenory Morpho rhetenor cacica. cada una de las especies que habitan en Colombia, en lo posible de más de cinco individuos por El relieve geográfico sirve como una barrera efectiva especie. que impide la dispersión de muchas especies (Figura 1) Yalgunas están confinadas a las cuencas Para reconocer las diferentes especies se tuvieron de los ríos Amazonas y Orinoco [Morpho rhetenor, en cuenta varios factores como distribución Morpho acM/es, Morpho adonis, Morpho mene/aus geográfica y altitudinal en Colombia, características (Figura 2), Morphohecubay Morpho werne~; otras de las genitalias de los machos y patrones de están restringidas al litoral Pacífico [Morpho coloración de los diversos individuos representantes microphtha/mus (Figura 3), Morpho /eontius, Morpho de cada una de las especies. para/lela y Morpho cypris /e/arge1; otras se encuentran en las vertientes de las cordilleras o Para análisis se prepararon las genitalias, según los valles interandinos [Morpho cypris cypris, una modificación de la técnica de Clarck, 1941 (6) Morpho pete/des (Figura 4), Morpho granadens/sy Y se hicieron gráficas con la ayuda de un Morpho amathontéi. Existen algunas especies que estereoscopio provisto de cámara lúcida. habitan, solamente, en regiones montañosas [Morpho su/kowskyi (Figura 5) y Morpho rhodopteron]. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSION Si bien la localidad típica de Morpho helena es Para Colombia, se encontró un total de 24 Huayabamba-Perú. le Moult afirma que, en especies, algunas de las cuales presentan varias Colombia, existe la subespecie Morpho helena subespecies, las cuales, anteriormente, aparecían septentrionis (la cual habitaría entre los ríos en la literatura como especies separadas, lo cual Caquetá y Putumayo); sin embargo, hasta la fecha, aumentaba notablemente el número de especies no se tienen registros de ejemplares capturadas presentes en el país. en territorio colombiano (al menos en las colecciones colombianas consultadas). Las especies que habitan en Colombia son: Morpho hecuba polyxena Biederman, 1936; M werneri Aunque se logró recopilar una valiosa información Hopp, 1921; M c/sseisFelder, 1860; M bercutes sobre las especies del género presentes en diadema Fruhstorfer, 1908; M te/emachusiphic/us Colombia (6). Obtenida de fuentes como Felder, 1862; M theseus theseus Deyrolle 1860; colecciones, biblioqrafia y comunicación personal, M justitiae aquarius But!er, 1872; M su/kowskyi sin embargo existen extensos territorios de los Kollar, 1850; M rhodopteron Godman & Salvin, cuales no fue posible obtener registros fiables, 1880; M. adonis Cramer, 17 75; M. cypris pero se sospecha que, en ellos, habitan varias Westwoúd, 1851; M rhetenorCramer, 1775; M especies del género, por cuanto se encuentran amathonte Deyrolle, 1860; M mene/aus Felder, en estrecha vecindad con territorios de donde si 1862; M. neopto/emusWood, 1863; M hermione se tienen numerosos registros y, además, se sabe Roeber, 1903; M granadensis Felder, 1867 M que, entre dichos territorios, no existen barreras rugitaeniata Fruhstorfer, 1907; M michophtha/mus topográficas, geográficas o climáticas de Fruhstorfer, 1913; M pe/eides Kollar, 1850; M consideración, como en el sector de la Sierra para/le/ale Moult, 1933; M /eontiusFelder, 1867; Nevada de Santa Marta, correspondiente a la M achi//esRoeber, 1903; M patroc/us Fel der, 1861. Guajira; la Serranía de los Motilones; los departamentos de Casanare, Arauca, Vichada y Muchas de las especies del género Morpho son Guainía; gran parte de la Costa Atlántica; el golfo simpátricas: Morpho íeon!iusy Morpho rugdaeniatél, de Urabá y las Serranías del Darien y Baudó. Morpho cypr/s y Morpho amathonte; Morpho Tampoco, se cuenta con suficiente información rhetenor y Morpho adonis, Morpho pe/eides y sobre los departamentos de Nariño, Cauca, Morpho granadensis, Mor;?ho mene/aus y Caquetá, Huila, Tolima, Chocó, Antioquia y los Morpho achi//es. Santanderes. 14 ...J..\...... '.' \.., •• ,.j 0,, ' \ ..'.. .':~ • • I ,. ~ f'........- • ',..;¡> . .'. , ': ., .: • .' oo'¡ '.. ~7· • .... ,.' ." ) :. -, " 0 .' / . o" •••• : •••• 0 ' _. -» " .: • : " ,'" ~ : : . • "", ,.' •• '. "::.:_'/ • ., " . ••• r ," ...., ...... ,.. ,", '.... ~~..... .. • .,:. /, ...... ~-,.... ........ -, • r : '" '~....; " "', ''''. '.. "'> " ........ "'0. .'-', ~:..'~.- " .; =' "" " . ..... ~ . .. "-'!. " " ':., .... ". :..;¡'¡"_.,~:. / .~ ........ ., ______ 3¡¡;":'" Figura 1. Mapa de Distribución del Género Morpho en Colombia. 15 Figura 2. Vista dorsal del macho de Morpho Figura 3. Vista dorsal de la hembra de Morpho mene/aus me/achei/us (Región de la Amazonia microphtha/mus (Región Pacifica). yOrinoquia) Figura 4. Vista dorsal del macho de Morpho pe/eides pe/eides (Región de los valles y vertientes Figura 5. Vista dorsal de la hembra de Morpho interandinos). su/kowskyi su/kowskyi (Región Andina). 16 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA Instituto de CienCias Natural •• S/8l/0TErA Respecto a la distribución altitudinal, las especies achi/les, Morpho mene/aus, Morpho l1fe1enor y se pueden agrupar por rangos altitudinales Morpho adonis. (Cuadro 1), así: Los departamentos de Colombia con mayor De O a 600 m.s.n.m., tenemos: Morpho hecuba, número de especies son: Vaupés, Guaviare, Meta Morpho werneri, Morpho cisseis, Morpho y Chocó: les siguen, en orden de importancia rhetenor, Morpho neopto/emus, Morpho Amazonas, Boyacá y Valle del Cauca. para/le/a y Morpho mene/aus nigra. Las especies con mayor endemismo en Colombia De O a 1000 m., tenemos: Morpho hercu/es, son: Morpho theseus, Morpho microphthalmus Morpho te/emachus, Morpho adonis, Morpho y Morpho rugitaeniata (en el Litoral Pacífico); cypris /e/argei, Morpho amathonte, Morpho Morpho rhodopteron (en la Sierra Nevada de mene/aus occidentalls, Morpho achil/es y Santa Marta)
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