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Internet of Things – from Research and Innovation to Market Deployment

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Internet of Things – from Research and Innovation to Market Deployment River Publishers Series in Communication Internet of Things – From Research and Innovation to Market Deployment Editors Ovidiu Vermesan Peter Friess River Publishers Contents Preface xiii Editors Biography xv 1 Introduction 1 2 Putting the Internet of Things Forward to the Next Level 3 2.1 The Internet of Things Today ................. 3 2.2 The Internet of Things Tomorrow ............... 4 2.3 Potential Success Factors ................... 6 3 Internet of Things Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda 7 3.1 Internet of Things Vision ................... 8 3.1.1 Internet of Things Common Definition ........ 11 3.2 IoT Strategic Research and Innovation Directions ...... 16 3.2.1 IoT Applications and Use Case Scenarios ...... 22 3.2.2 IoT Functional View ................. 28 3.2.3 Application Areas ................... 30 3.3 IoT Smart-X Applications ................... 41 3.3.1 Smart Cities ...................... 42 3.3.2 Smart Energy and the Smart Grid .......... 45 3.3.3 Smart Mobility and Transport ............ 50 3.3.4 Smart Home, Smart Buildings and Infrastructure . 55 3.3.5 Smart Factory and Smart Manufacturing ....... 60 3.3.6 Smart Health ..................... 62 3.3.7 Food and Water Tracking and Security ........ 65 3.3.8 Participatory Sensing ................. 66 3.3.9 Smart Logistics and Retail .............. 69 3.4 Internet of Things and Related Future Internet Technologies 70 3.4.1 Cloud Computing ................... 70 vii viii Contents 3.4.2 IoT and Semantic Technologies ........... 73 3.5 Networks and Communication ................ 73 3.5.1 Networking Technology ............... 74 3.5.2 Communication Technology ............. 77 3.6 Processes ........................... 79 3.6.1 Adaptive and Event-Driven Processes ........ 79 3.6.2 Processes Dealing with Unreliable Data ....... 80 3.6.3 Processes dealing with unreliable resources ..... 81 3.6.4 Highly Distributed Processes ............. 81 3.7 Data Management ....................... 82 3.7.1 Data Collection and Analysis (DCA) ......... 83 3.7.2 Big Data ....................... 84 3.7.3 Semantic Sensor Networks and Semantic Annotation of data .................. 86 3.7.4 Virtual Sensors .................... 88 3.8 Security, Privacy & Trust ................... 89 3.8.1 Trust for IoT ..................... 89 3.8.2 Security for IoT .................... 90 3.8.3 Privacy for IoT .................... 91 3.9 Device Level Energy Issues .................. 92 3.9.1 Low Power Communication ............. 92 3.9.2 Energy Harvesting .................. 94 3.9.3 Future Trends and Recommendations ........ 95 3.10 IoT Related Standardization ................. 97 3.10.1 The Role of Standardization Activities ........ 97 3.10.2 Current Situation ................... 99 3.10.3 Areas for Additional Consideration ......... 102 3.10.4 Interoperability in the Internet-of-Things ...... 103 3.11 IoT Protocols Convergence ................. 106 3.11.1 Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) .... 109 3.11.2 Constrained Applications Protocol (CoAP) ..... 109 3.11.3 Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) . 110 3.11.4 Java Message Service API (JMS) .......... 111 3.11.5 Data Distribution Service (DDS) ........... 111 3.11.6 Representational State Transfer (REST) ....... 112 3.11.7 Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) ................... 112 3.12 Discussion ........................... 112 Contents ix 4 Internet of Things Global Standardisation - State of Play 143 4.1 Introduction .......................... 143 4.1.1 General ........................ 144 4.2 IoT Vision ........................... 147 4.2.1 IoT Drivers ...................... 149 4.2.2 IoT Definition ..................... 149 4.3 IoT Standardisation Landscape ................ 150 4.3.1 CEN/ISO and CENELEC/IEC ............ 150 4.3.2 ETSI ......................... 165 4.3.3 IEEE ......................... 170 4.3.4 IETF ......................... 175 4.3.5 ITU-T ......................... 176 4.3.6 OASIS ........................ 179 4.3.7 OGC ......................... 183 4.3.8 oneM2M ....................... 187 4.3.9 GS1 .......................... 188 4.4 IERC Research Projects Positions .............. 191 4.4.1 BETaaS Advisory Board Experts Position ...... 191 4.4.2 IoT6 Position ..................... 192 4.5 Conclusions .......................... 193 5 Dynamic Context-Aware Scalable and Trust-based IoT Security, Privacy Framework 199 5.1 Introduction .......................... 199 5.2 Background Work ....................... 202 5.3 Main Concepts and Motivation of the Framework ...... 203 5.3.1 Identity Management ................. 204 5.3.2 Size and Heterogeneity of the System ........ 206 5.3.3 Anonymization of User Data and Metadata ..... 206 5.3.4 Action’s Control ................... 206 5.3.5 Privacy by Design .................. 206 5.3.6 Context Awareness .................. 207 5.3.7 Summary ....................... 208 5.4 A Policy-based Framework for Security and Privacy in Internet of Things ..................... 209 5.4.1 Deployment in a Scenario .............. 212 5.4.2 Policies and Context Switching ........... 214 5.4.3 Framework Architecture and Enforcement ...... 219 x Contents 5.5 Conclusion and Future Developments ............ 221 5.6 Acknowledgments ....................... 222 6 Scalable Integration Framework for Heterogeneous Smart Objects, Applications and Services 225 6.1 Introduction .......................... 225 6.2 IPv6 Potential ......................... 226 6.3 IoT6 .............................. 227 6.4 IPv6 for IoT .......................... 228 6.5 Adapting IPv6 to IoT Requirements ............. 230 6.6 IoT6 Architecture ....................... 230 6.7 DigCovery ........................... 231 6.8 IoT6 Integration with the Cloud and EPICS ......... 233 6.9 Enabling Heterogeneous Integration ............. 234 6.10 IoT6 Smart Office Use-case .................. 236 6.11 Scalability Perspective .................... 237 6.12 Conclusions .......................... 239 7 Internet of Things Applications - From Research and Innovation to Market Deployment 243 7.1 Introduction .......................... 243 7.2 OpenIoT ............................ 245 7.2.1 Project Design and Implementation ......... 245 7.2.2 Execution and Implementation Issues ........ 246 7.2.3 Project Results .................... 247 7.2.4 Acceptance and Sustainability ............ 250 7.2.5 Discussion ...................... 250 7.3 iCORE ............................. 251 7.3.1 Design ........................ 251 7.3.2 Project Execution ................... 253 7.3.3 Results Achieved ................... 254 7.3.4 Acceptance and Sustainability ............ 257 7.4 Compose ........................... 258 7.4.1 Project Design and Implementation ......... 259 7.4.2 The IoT Communication Technologies ........ 261 7.4.3 Execution and Implementation Issues ........ 261 7.4.4 Expected Project results ............... 262 Contents xi 7.5 SmartSantander ........................ 263 7.5.1 How SmartSantander Facility has Become a Reality? ....................... 264 7.5.2 Massive Experimentation Facility: A Fire Perspective ...................... 265 7.5.3 City Services Implementation: The Smart City Paradigm .................... 265 7.5.4 Sustainability Plan .................. 270 7.6 Fitman ............................. 271 7.6.1 The “IoT for Manufacturing” Trials in Fitman .... 271 7.6.2 Fitman Trials’ Requirements to “IoT for Manufacturing” .................. 272 7.6.3 The TRW and Whirlpool Smart Factory Trial .... 273 7.6.4 Fitman Trials’ Exploitation Plans & Business Opportunities ..................... 274 7.6.5 Discussion ...................... 275 7.7 OSMOSE ........................... 276 7.7.1 The AW and EPC “IoT for Manufacturing” Test Cases ....................... 276 7.7.2 OSMOSE Use Cases’ Requirements to “IoT for Manufacturing” ............... 279 7.7.3 OSMOSE Use Cases’ Exploitation Plans & Business Opportunities .............. 280 7.7.4 Conclusions and Future Outlook ........... 281 8 Bringing IP to Low-power Smart Objects: The Smart Parking Case in the CALIPSO Project 287 8.1 Introduction .......................... 288 8.1.1 Bringing IP to Energy-Constrained Devices ..... 288 8.1.2 The CALIPSO Project ................ 289 8.2 Smart Parking ......................... 290 8.3 CALIPSO Architecture .................... 293 8.3.1 CALIPSO Communication Modules ......... 296 8.3.2 CALIPSO Security Modules ............. 302 8.4 Calipso Implementation and Experimentation with Smart Parking ........................ 305 8.4.1 Implementation of Calipso Modules ......... 305 8.4.2 Experimentation Plan for Smart Parking ....... 307 8.5 Concluding Remarks ..................... 310 xii Contents 9 Insights on Federated Cloud Service Management and the Internet of Things 315 9.1 Introduction .......................... 316 9.2 Federated Cloud Services Management ........... 317 9.2.1 Cloud Data Management ............... 318 9.2.2 Cloud Data Monitoring ................ 319 9.2.3 Cloud Data Exchange ................ 320 9.2.4 Infrastructure Configuration and re-Configuration . 321 9.3 Federated Management Service Life Cycle .......... 321 9.3.1 Open IoT Autonomic Data Management ....... 323 9.3.2 Performance ..................... 324 9.3.3 Reliability ....................... 325 9.3.4 Scalability ...................... 326 9.3.5 Resource Optimization and Cost Efficiency ..... 327 9.4 Self-management Lifecycle .................. 328 9.4.1 Service Creation ................... 328 9.4.2 Efficient Scheduling ................. 329 9.4.3 Service Customization
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