Important Flavonoids and Their Role As a Therapeutic Agent
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Antibiotic Additive and Synergistic Action of Rutin, Morin and Quercetin Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Amin et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2015) 15:59 DOI 10.1186/s12906-015-0580-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Antibiotic additive and synergistic action of rutin, morin and quercetin against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus Muhammad Usman Amin1†, Muhammad Khurram2*†, Baharullah Khattak1† and Jafar Khan1† Abstract Background: To determine the effect of flavonoids in conjunction with antibiotics in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) a study was designed. The flavonoids included Rutin, Morin, Qurecetin while antibiotics included ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, methicillin, cephradine, erythromycin, imipenem, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin and levolfloxacin. Test antibiotics were mostly found resistant with only Imipenem and Erythromycin found to be sensitive against 100 MRSA clinical isolates and S. aureus (ATCC 43300). The flavonoids were tested alone and also in different combinations with selected antibiotics. Methods: Antibiotics and flavonoids sensitivity assays were carried using disk diffusion method. The combinations found to be effective were sifted through MIC assays by broth macro dilution method. Exact MICs were determined using an incremental increase approach. Fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) were determined to evaluate relationship between antibiotics and flavonoids is synergistic or additive. Potassium release was measured to determine the effect of antibiotic-flavonoids combinations on the cytoplasmic membrane of test bacteria. Results: Antibiotic and flavonoids screening assays indicated activity of flavanoids against test bacteria. The inhibitory zones increased when test flavonoids were combined with antibiotics facing resistance. MICs of test antibiotics and flavonoids reduced when they were combined. Quercetin was the most effective flavonoid (MIC 260 μg/ml) while morin + rutin + quercetin combination proved most efficient with MIC of 280 + 280 + 140 μg/ml. -
Thesis of Potentially Sweet Dihydrochalcone Glycosides
University of Bath PHD The synthesis of potentially sweet dihydrochalcone glycosides. Noble, Christopher Michael Award date: 1974 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 05. Oct. 2021 THE SYNTHESIS OF POTBTTIALLY SWEET DIHYDROCHALCOITB GLYCOSIDES submitted by CHRISTOPHER MICHAEL NOBLE for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Bath. 1974 COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with its author.This copy of the the sis has been supplied on condition that anyone who con sults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be pub lished without the prior written consent of the author. -
(Hordeum Vulgare L.) Seedlings Via Their
Ra et al. Appl Biol Chem (2020) 63:38 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13765-020-00519-9 NOTE Open Access Evaluation of antihypertensive polyphenols of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings via their efects on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition Ji‑Eun Ra1, So‑Yeun Woo2, Hui Jin3, Mi Ja Lee2, Hyun Young Kim2, Hyeonmi Ham2, Ill‑Min Chung1 and Woo Duck Seo2* Abstract Angiotensin‑converting enzyme (ACE) is an important therapeutic target in the regulation of high blood pressure. This study was conducted to investigate the alterations in blood pressure associated with ACE inhibition activity of the polyphenols (1–10), including 3‑O‑feruloylquinic acid (1), lutonarin (2), saponarin (3), isoorientin (4), orientin (5), isovitexin (6), isoorientin‑7‑O‑[6‑sinapoyl]‑glucoside (7), isoorientin‑7‑O‑[6‑feruloyl]‑glucoside (8), isovitexin‑7‑O‑ [6‑sinapoyl]‑glucoside (9), and isovitexin‑7‑O‑[6‑feruloyl]‑glucoside (10), isolated from barley seedlings (BS). All the isolated polyphenols exhibited comparable IC50 values of ACE inhibition activity (7.3–43.8 µM) with quercetin (25.2 0.2 µM) as a positive control, and their inhibition kinetic models were identifed as noncompetitive inhibition. ± Especially, compound 4 was revealed to be an outstanding ACE inhibitor (IC50 7.3 0.1 µM, Ki 6.6 0.1 µM). Based on the compound structure–activity relationships, the free hydroxyl groups of =favone± ‑moieties =and glucose± connec‑ tions at the A ring of the favone moieties were important factors for inhibition of ACE. The alcohol extract of BS also 1 demonstrated potent ACE inhibition activity (66.5% 2.2% at 5000 µg mL− ). -
Treatment Protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff Et Al
Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff et al PREVENTION AND REVERSAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: TREATMENT PROTOCOL by Ronald N. Kostoffa, Alan L. Porterb, Henry. A. Buchtelc (a) Research Affiliate, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA (b) Professor Emeritus, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA (c) Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, USA KEYWORDS Alzheimer's Disease; Dementia; Text Mining; Literature-Based Discovery; Information Technology; Treatments Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff et al CITATION TO MONOGRAPH Kostoff RN, Porter AL, Buchtel HA. Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol. Georgia Institute of Technology. 2018. PDF. https://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/59311 COPYRIGHT AND CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2018 by Ronald N. Kostoff, Alan L. Porter, Henry A. Buchtel Printed in the United States of America; First Printing, 2018 CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE This work can be copied and redistributed in any medium or format provided that credit is given to the original author. For more details on the CC BY license, see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>. DISCLAIMERS The views in this monograph are solely those of the authors, and do not represent the views of the Georgia Institute of Technology or the University of Michigan. This monograph is not intended as a substitute for the medical advice of physicians. The reader should regularly consult a physician in matters relating to his/her health and particularly with respect to any symptoms that may require diagnosis or medical attention. -
Comparison of Flavonoid Compounds in the Flavedo and Juice of Two Pummelo Cultivars (Citrus Grandis L
Molecules 2014, 19, 17314-17328; doi:10.3390/molecules191117314 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Article Comparison of Flavonoid Compounds in the Flavedo and Juice of Two Pummelo Cultivars (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) from Different Cultivation Regions in China Mingxia Zhang 1,*, Haijuan Nan 1, Yanjie Wang 1, Xiaoying Jiang 1 and Zheng Li 2,* 1 Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (H.N.); [email protected] (Y.W.); [email protected] (X.J.) 2 Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-373-3040337 (M.Z.); +1-352-392-1991 (ext. 285) (Z.L.). External Editor: Derek J. McPhee Received: 10 September 2014; in revised form: 12 October 2014 / Accepted: 13 October 2014 / Published: 28 October 2014 Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different cultivation regions on the pattern and content of flavonoids in two pummelo cultivars (C. grandis L. Osbeck) in China. Results showed that similar patterns of flavonoids were observed in the flavedo or juice of each pummelo cultivar from these cultivation regions, whereas the individual flavonoid content showed unique characteristics. Naringin, the predominant flavanone glycoside, showed the highest content in both flavedo and juice of C. grandis “Guanximiyu” from the Pinghe of Fujian (FJ) cultivation region compared with the Dapu of Guangdong (GD) and Nanbu of Sichuan (SC) regions. -
Characterization of C-Glycosidic Flavonoids from Brazilian Passiflora Species Using Lc/Ms Exact Mass Measurement
CHARACTERIZATION OF C-GLYCOSIDIC FLAVONOIDS FROM BRAZILIAN PASSIFLORA SPECIES USING LC/MS EXACT MASS MEASUREMENT 1 2 2 NOTE M. McCullagh , C.A.M. Pereira , J.H. Yariwake 1Waters Corporation, Floats Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester, M23 9LZ, UK 2Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil OVERVIEW This application note describes the analysis of extracts Recently issues have arisen with Kava Kava, a natural from Passiflora species using real time centroid exact health product, which is used for its anti-depressant and mass measurement. The system used comprised of an anti-anxiety properties. Investigations into the safety of LCT™ orthogonal acceleration (oa-TOF) time of flight Kava have taken place within several European mass spectrometer with LockSpray™ source, Waters® countries, including Germany, U.K., Switzerland, 2996 PDA and Waters Alliance® HT 2795 France, Spain and parts of Scandinavia. In Switzerland Separations Module. and Germany cases of liver damage were reported. In Application the US the FDA has investigated Kava's safety, where INTRODUCTION as in Canada the public were advised not to take the EU Directive 2001/83/EC will regulate and produce a supplement until product safety could be assured. The set of harmonized assessment criteria for the efficacy Kava market in Germany alone is $25m. Proving the and safety "Herbal Medicinal Products for traditional efficacy of such a product is economically viable. use". The current and future E.U. member states will Such issues illustrate how regulation currently affects produce and abide by this directive, making 28 states the natural health product market and also why new in total. -
Bergamot) Juice Extracted from Three Different Cultivars Vincenzo Sicari*, Teresa Maria Pellicanò (Received December 14, 2015
Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality 89, 171 - 175 (2016), DOI:10.5073/JABFQ.2016.089.021 Department of Agraria, University “Mediterranea” of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria (RC), Italy Phytochemical properties and antioxidant potential from Citrus bergamia, Risso (bergamot) juice extracted from three different cultivars Vincenzo Sicari*, Teresa Maria Pellicanò (Received December 14, 2015) Summary Bergamot presents a unique profile of flavonoids and flavonoid Secondary substances occurring in plant-derived products possess glycosides in its juice, such as neoeriocitrin, neohesperidin, naringin, biological activity and thus may protect human beings from various narirutin (SICARI et al., 2015). Diets rich in flavonoids reduce post- diseases. ischemic miocardiac damage in rats (FACINO et al., 1999), coronaric The following physical and nutritional properties of three bergamot damage and the incidence of heart attacks in elderly man (HERTOG cultivars (Castagnaro, Fantastico and Femminello) were determined et al., 1993). and compared: pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, total flavonoids, The major causes of cell damage following oxidative stress are total polyphenols, antocianyn, bioactive molecules and antioxidant reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are capacity (ABTS and DPPH assay). The comparison data, were found produced as a normal product of plant cellular metabolism. Various to be statistically different. environmental stresses lead to excessive production of ROS causing In all juice samples analyzed the highest antioxidant capacity was progressive oxidative damage and ultimately cell death (SASTRE found in Castagnaro juice (64.21% I of DPPH and 1.97% I of ABTS) et al., 2000). compared to Fantastico (44.48% I of DPPH and 1.83% I of ABTS) After ingestion as food the flavanone glycosides are metabolized and Femminello (33.39% I of DPPH and 1.13% I of ABTS). -
Chemical Profiles and Simultaneous Quantification of Aurantii Fructus By
molecules Article Chemical Profiles and Simultaneous Quantification of Aurantii fructus by Use of HPLC-Q-TOF-MS Combined with GC-MS and HPLC Methods Yingjie He 1,2,† ID , Zongkai Li 3,†, Wei Wang 2, Suren R. Sooranna 4 ID , Yiting Shi 2, Yun Chen 2, Changqiao Wu 2, Jianguo Zeng 1,2, Qi Tang 1,2,* and Hongqi Xie 1,2,* 1 Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; [email protected] (Y.H.); [email protected] (J.Z.) 2 National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; [email protected] (W.W.); [email protected] (Y.S.); [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (C.W.) 3 School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 565006, China; [email protected] 4 Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, London SW10 9NH, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (Q.T.); [email protected] (H.X.); Fax: +86-0731-8461-5293 (H.X.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 1 August 2018; Accepted: 29 August 2018; Published: 30 August 2018 Abstract: Aurantii fructus (AF) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to improve gastrointestinal motility disorders for over a thousand years, but there is no exhaustive identification of the basic chemical components and comprehensive quality control of this herb. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to identify the basic chemical compounds, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed to determine the major biochemical markers from AF extract. -
Glycosides in Lemon Fruit
Food Sci. Technol. Int. Tokyo, 4 (1), 48-53, 1998 Characteristics of Antioxidative Flavonoid Glycosides in Lemon Fruit Yoshiaki MIYAKE,1 Kanefumi YAMAMOT0,1 Yasujiro MORIMITSU2 and Toshihiko OSAWA2 * Central Research Laboratory of Pokka Corporation, Ltd., 45-2 Kumanosyo, Shikatsu-cho, Nishikasugai-gun, Aichi 481, Japan 2Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 46401, Japan Received June 12, 1997; Accepted September 27, 1997 We investigated the antioxidative flavonoid glycosides in the peel extract of lemon fruit (Citrus limon). Six flavanon glycosides: eriocitrin, neoeriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin, and three flavone glycosides: diosmin, 6~-di- C-p-glucosyldiosmin (DGD), and 6- C-p-glucosyldiosmin (GD) were identified by high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Their antioxidative activity was examined using a linoleic acid autoxidation system. The antioxidative activity of eriocitrin, neoeriocitrin and DGD was stronger than that of the others. Flavonoid glycosides were present primarily in the peel of lemon fruit. There was only a small difference in the content of the flavonoid glycosides of the lemon fruit juice from various sources and varieties. Lemon fruit contained abundant amounts of eriocitrin and hesperidin and also contained narirutin, diosmin, and DGD, but GD, neoeriocitrin, naringin, and neohesperidin were present only in trace amounts. The content of DGD, GD, and eriocitrin was especially abundant in lemons and limes; however, they were scarcely found in other citrus fruits. The content of flavonoid compounds in lemon juice obtained by an in-line extractor at a juice factory was more abundant than that obtained by hand-squeezing. These compounds were found to be stable even under heat treatment conditions (121'C, 15 min) in acidic solution. -
The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants
medicines Review The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants William N. Setzer 1,2 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-256-824-6519 2 Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA Received: 25 October 2018; Accepted: 8 November 2018; Published: 12 November 2018 Abstract: Background: Native Americans have had a rich ethnobotanical heritage for treating diseases, ailments, and injuries. Cherokee traditional medicine has provided numerous aromatic and medicinal plants that not only were used by the Cherokee people, but were also adopted for use by European settlers in North America. Methods: The aim of this review was to examine the Cherokee ethnobotanical literature and the published phytochemical investigations on Cherokee medicinal plants and to correlate phytochemical constituents with traditional uses and biological activities. Results: Several Cherokee medicinal plants are still in use today as herbal medicines, including, for example, yarrow (Achillea millefolium), black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), and blue skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora). This review presents a summary of the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of Cherokee aromatic and medicinal plants. Conclusions: The list is not complete, however, as there is still much work needed in phytochemical investigation and pharmacological evaluation of many traditional herbal medicines. Keywords: Cherokee; Native American; traditional herbal medicine; chemical constituents; pharmacology 1. Introduction Natural products have been an important source of medicinal agents throughout history and modern medicine continues to rely on traditional knowledge for treatment of human maladies [1]. Traditional medicines such as Traditional Chinese Medicine [2], Ayurvedic [3], and medicinal plants from Latin America [4] have proven to be rich resources of biologically active compounds and potential new drugs. -
Antiplatelet Effects of Flavonoids Mediated by Inhibition of Arachidonic Acid Based Pathway
76 Original Papers Antiplatelet Effects of Flavonoids Mediated by Inhibition of Arachidonic Acid Based Pathway Authors Jana Karlíčková1, Michal Říha2,Tomáš Filipský2, Kateřina Macáková1, Radomír Hrdina2,Přemysl Mladěnka2 Affiliations 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic 2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Key words Abstract able concentration. Contrarily, many flavonoids, l" aggregation ! particularly those possessing an isolated 7-hy- l" arachidonic acid Flavonoids, important components of human di- droxyl group and/or a 4′-hydroxyl group, acted l" cyclooxygenase et, have been claimed to possess a significant anti- as antagonists on thromboxane receptors. Inter- l" flavonoid platelet potential, in particular due to their effects estingly, the substitution of the free 7-hydroxyl l" platelet l" thromboxane on the arachidonic acid cascade. Due to variable group by glucose might not abolish the activity. and incomplete results, this study was aimed at In conclusion, the consumption of few flavonoids delivering a detailed analysis of the effects of 29 in a diet, particularly of the isoflavonoids geniste- structurally relevant, mainly natural flavonoids in and daidzein, may positively influence platelet on three consecutive steps of the arachidonic acid aggregation. cascade. Only the isoflavonoids genistein and daidzein were shown to possess a marked cyclooxygen- Abbreviations ase-1 inhibitory activity, which was higher than ! that of acetylsalicylic acid using the isolated ovine AA: arachidonic acid enzyme, and physiologically relevant, although ASA: acetylsalicylic acid lower than acetylsalicylic acid in human platelets. -
Bioactivities of Phenolics by Focusing on Suppression of Chronic Diseases: a Review
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Bioactivities of Phenolics by Focusing on Suppression of Chronic Diseases: A Review Fereidoon Shahidi * ID and JuDong Yeo Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-709-864-8552 Received: 4 May 2018; Accepted: 23 May 2018; Published: 25 May 2018 Abstract: Phenolics, which are secondary metabolites of plants, exhibit remarkable bioactivities. In this contribution, we have focused on their protective effect against chronic diseases rather than their antioxidant activities, which have been widely discussed in the literature. A large body of epidemiological studies has proven the bioactivities of phenolics in both standard compounds and natural extracts: namely, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities as well as reducing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disease. Phenolics also display anti-analgesic, anti-allergic, and anti-Alzheimer’s properties. Thus, this review provides crucial information for better understanding the bioactivities of phenolics in foods and fills a gap in the existing collective and overall knowledge in the field. Keywords: phenolics; bioactivity; phenolic acid; flavonoids; anticancer; anti-inflammatory activity; antibacterial activity 1. Introduction 1.1. Phenolics Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites of plants. So far, more than 8000 phenolics have been found from natural sources and are classified into phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, coumarins, lignins, and tannins. Phenolics play a crucial role in plants by controlling their growth as an internal physiological regulator [1]. For instance, kaempferol, apigenin, and quercetin interact with plasma membrane proteins (receptors), in which they restrict the transfer of polar auxin compounds via the membrane, thus affecting plant growth [1].