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Church and Society and the Bicentenary of Christianity in New Zealand

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Church and Society and the Bicentenary of Christianity in New Zealand CHURCH AND SOCIETY AND THE BICENTENARY OF CHRISTIANITY IN NEW ZEALAND DR STUART LANGE CHURCH AND SOCIETY AND THE BICENTENARY OF CHRISTIANITY IN NEW ZEALAND 12 25 December 2014 marked the bicentenary of a sermon two hundred years ago is not nearly as Christianity in New Zealand, the 200th anniversary exciting as a world war. The media probably assumed of Samuel Marsden’s first Christian sermon on New that a commemoration of Christianity would be Zealand soil. In comparison with all the attention extremely boring. Also, religion is seen as divisive, given by government and media to the centennial and potentially controversial. If the State showed commemorations of Gallipoli, the Christian bi- much interest in celebrating Christian beginnings, centenary appeared to be a relatively quiet affair. But it would raise the hackles of secularists, and also was it really all that quiet? This article focuses on the leave itself open to being accused of favouring one diverse ways in which the milestone of two centuries religion over others. Both government and media, of Christianity in New Zealand was recognised aware that Christian adherence is declining, may by Church, State, media, and academia, and also have felt that celebrations of Christian beginnings compares that with how the “Marsden Centenary” would only be of sectional interest, and no longer was recognised one hundred years earlier. widely relevant. WORLD WAR I, OR A SERMON? INVOLVEMENT BY STATE AND It is not difficult to surmise some of the reasons SOCIETY IN THE BICENTENARY why government and media should show such It is difficult to know how much the Government enthusiasm for commemorating World War I, and has spent on recent World War I remembrances (a little or no interest in celebrating the Christian few years ago the budgeted figure of 18 million bicentenary. World War I is an action story. It was dollars was sometimes touted), but all the indications a series of tragic events are that it has been vastly with huge loss of life, FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC, AND more than what was made which affected every New THE MEDIA, A SERMON TWO available for the Christian Zealand community. It HUNDRED YEARS AGO IS NOT bicentenary. Nevertheless, is a drama full of pathos NEARLY AS EXCITING AS A WORLD the State contributed and human-interest, of WAR. indirectly to the bicentenary ordinary people being celebrations through caught up in unprecedented industrial-style killing, helping to establish the Rangihoua Heritage Park. in suffering and death, and sometimes heroism. The The Department of Conservation was one of the experiences of World War I participants have been named partners in the founding of the park, which captured in countless diaries, letters, books, poems, was initiated by the Marsden Cross Trust Board in songs, photos, paintings, films, and documentaries. co-operation with Ngati Torehina, the Rangihoua World War I is part of the collective cultural Native Reserve Board, and the Department of memory. It is recent enough for there to remain Conservation. Both the Department of Conservation family members who still feel connected, through and the Ministry of Culture and Heritage were the loss of forebears and other relatives. The war is principal donors towards the Park, along with the sufficiently remote to have become fascinating to Anglican Diocese of Auckland (The primary donor current generations, for whom the idea of extensive was the Presbyterian layman, Allan Hubbard, major New Zealand involvement in a European ground war donors included nineteen trusts, foundations and is unthinkable. A hundred years on, World War I is individuals, and there were donations from seven safely uncontroversial, with none of the complications denominations, the Church Missionary Society, and of politics, religion, or Treaty issues. For politicians many others).1 and media, publicly-funded armed services are The original Anglican-led Marsden Trust Board available to salute, march, fire guns and provide had earlier written of its vision to develop a place of poignant visual pageantry. War remembrances can Christian pilgrimage, akin to Iona or Lindisfarne.2 invoke a sense of the sacred, even a dash of civic The vision had begun with the Rev. Patricia Bawden, religion. Furthermore, memories of war provide who had also been inspired by such places as Lee opportunities to reiterate various myths of national Abbey and L’Abri. The Trust Board was restructured identity. So, for both government and media, the in 2007, when a Marsden Cross Churches Advisory centenary of World War I commemorations was no Board was appointed, with members from the doubt a welcome thing. By contrast, Government and media were 1 I acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Allan Davidson with respect to information about the Trust Board(s) and the Rangihoua Heritage understandably much more restrained about Park, in this and the following paragraph. remembering Christian beginnings in New 2 Paul Titus, “Pilgrimage Centre to honour New Zealand’s Zealand. For the general public, and the media, national, spiritual roots”, Touchstone, February 2006. CHURCH AND SOCIETY AND THE BICENTENARY OF CHRISTIANITY IN NEW ZEALAND 13 Anglican, Methodist and Presbyterian Churches. General, the Honourable Christopher Finlayson.4 Four of the Advisory Board members served on the Surprisingly the Attorney-General did not pick up reconstituted Marsden Cross Trust Board, which the themes of societal or bi-cultural beginnings, was broadened, with additional people joining to or national identity, but instead only talked about help advance the Park project. The chairman of the Christianity. After describing Anglicanism as reconstituted Trust Board was John King, a direct “arguably the gentlest form of Christianity”, and descendant of one of the three missionary families Scots Presbyterians as “dour”, he mentioned four who arrived at Rangihoua in December 1814. other denominations, and four times the Catholics. In 2014, the Park’s promotional material He declared that the history of Christianity in New appeared to be pitched with a religiously pluralistic Zealand “is a rich and interesting story’ that ‘is not society in view. It asserted that Rangihoua was recounted enough’, that the churches ‘have worked important for all New Zealand society, in three pretty well together over the years’, that Christianity ways: (1) as “A Place of Aotearoa New Zealand emphasises the worth of every individual made in Beginnings”, i.e. Rangihoua was the first Pakeha God’s image, that it is a story of ‘reconciliation and settlement, established alongside and under the forgiveness’, that the churches should be ‘proud’ protection of a Maori community, and several of their message and ‘hold fast to unchanging important “firsts” occurring there, such as the first principles’, and that this ‘is a great day for New European school, land sale, and birth; (2) as “A Zealand’. The gathering of about 500 included the place of Christian Beginnings”, i.e. the Rangihoua Minister of Arts, Culture and Heritage, one other mission was made possible through the vision and MP, and one ex-MP, both northern Maori. About hospitality of Marsden’s a third of the crowd were host and friend Ruatara, THE ELEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE Maori, including many established Christian SO CLAIMED WERE THUS Ngati Torehina. values and perspectives as HISTORICAL, SPIRITUAL (IN AN Four days later, the “part of our [New Zealand] EXCLUSIVE SORT OF WAY), AND Christmas Day service was belief systems and our CULTURAL essentially a church service. history”, and exemplified There was a crowd of about “the principles of partnership and bicultural 1200, but it was not clear that any politicians were development and the importance of keeping open present. all avenues leading to common ground”; (3) as “A Place of Accord”, i.e. “The Maori and Pakeha NEW ZEALAND MEDIA AND THE partners aspired to a just society based on accord, CHRISTIAN BICENTENARY as do we today”. Rangihoua, it was declared, is “a Media interest in the 2014 bicentenary was place of pilgrimage, not as some unitary practice limited. Both the Rangihoua Heritage Park Opening arising from a particular faith, but more diverse and the Christmas Day Service were mentioned at and all-encompassing, expressive of everything that least briefly, in most radio and Television news.5 By reinforces our sense of New Zealand identity and far the most extensive coverage was on Christmas shared humanity. It is a place for all New Zealanders.” Day, by TV1, which had several film crews on site The elements of significance so claimed were thus and which filmed and broadcast the whole service. historical, spiritual (in an inclusive sort of way), and Funding for the broadcast, however, came from cultural, and presented Rangihoua as an important the Anglican Church itself. A few months earlier, part of New Zealand’s national identity. The way with an item on Seven Sharp, TV1 had featured the in which the promotional material was couched establishment of the Rangihoua Heritage Park, suggested a strong awareness of secular, inter-faith emphasising the significance of Rangihoua as a and inter-cultural sensitivities in twentieth century place of bi-cultural beginnings for New Zealand New Zealand society. Such considerations had not society; in December, Seven Sharp ran a shorter been evident in 1914, or for that matter in 1964.3 piece publicising the forthcoming park opening.6 The State was involved in the official opening On December 21, Radio New Zealand aired the of the park. It was opened by the Governor- General, Governor General Lieutenant Sir Jerry Mateparae. A speech was made by the Attorney- 4 “Attorney-General commends NZ’s Christian Heritage” (text of the speech), posted by Glyn Carpenter 13 May 2015, www. nzchristiannetwork.org.nz. 3 “Why is Rangihoua Heritage Park so important?” in “A place 5 E.g. www.radionz.co.nz/news/.../service-marks-200-years-of- of Accord.
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