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Catálogo De Las Algas Y Cianoprocariotas Dulciacuícolas De Cuba

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Catálogo De Las Algas Y Cianoprocariotas Dulciacuícolas De Cuba CATÁLOGO DE LAS ALGAS Y CIANOPROCARIOTAS DULCIACUÍCOLAS DE CUBA. EDITORIAL Augusto Comas González UNIVERSO o S U R CATÁLOGO DE LAS ALGAS Y CIANOPROCARIOTAS DULCIACUÍCOLAS DE CUBA. 1 2 CATÁLOGO DE LAS ALGAS Y CIANOPROCARIOTAS DULCIACUÍCOLAS DE CUBA. Augusto Comas González 3 Dirección Editorial: MSc. Alberto Valdés Guada Diseño: D.I. Roberto C. Berroa Cabrera Autor: Augusto Comas González Compilación y edición científica: Augusto Comas González © Reservados todos los derechos por lo que no se permite la reproduc- ción total o parcial de este libro. Editorial UNIVERSO SUR Universidad de Cienfuegos Carretera a Rodas, Km. 4. Cuatro Caminos Cienfuegos, CUBA © ISBN: 978-959-257-228-7 4 Indice INTRODUCCIÓN 7 CYANOPROKARYOTA 9 Clase Cyanophyceae 9 Orden Chroococcales Wettstein 1923 9 Orden Oscillatoriales Elenkin 1934 15 Orden Nostocales (Borzi) Geitler 1925 19 Orden Stigonematales Geitler 1925 22 Clase Chrysophyceae 23 Orden Chromulinales 23 Orden Ochromonadales 23 Orden Prymnesiales 24 Clase Xanthophyceae (= Tribophyceae) 24 Orden Mischococcales Pascher 1913 24 Orden Tribonematales Pascher 1939 25 Orden Botrydiales 26 Orden Vaucheriales 26 Clase Dinophyceae 26 Orden Peridiniales 26 Clase Cryptophyceae 27 Orden Cryptomonadales 27 Clase Rhodophyceae Ruprecht 1851 28 Orden Porphyridiales Kylin 1937 28 Orden Compsopogonales Skuja 1939 28 Orden Nemalionales Schmitz 1892 28 Orden Hildenbrandiales Pueschel & Cole 1982) 29 Orden Ceramiales 29 Clase Glaucocystophyceae Kies et Kremer 1989 29 Clase Euglenophyceae 29 Orden Euglenales 29 Clase Bacillariophyceae 34 Orden Centrales 34 Orden Pennales 35 Clase Prasinophyceae Chadefaud 1950 50 Orden Polyblepharidales Korš. 1938 50 Orden Tetraselmidales Ettl 1983 51 Clase Chlamydophyceae Ettl 1981 51 Orden Chlamydomonadales Frtisch in G.S. West 1927 51 5 Orden Volvocales Oltmanns 1904 52 Orden Chlorococcales Marchand 1895 Orth. Mut. s. str. 53 Clase Chlorophyceae Kütz. 1843 s.l. 54 Orden Dunaliellales Ettl 1983 54 Orden Chlorellales Bold et Wynne 1978 s.l. 54 Orden Ulotrichales 83 Orden Ulvales 85 Orden Chaetophorales s.s. 85 Orden Siphonocladales 86 Orden Oedogoniales 86 Clase Charophyceae Rabenh. 1863 86 Clase Zygnemaphyceae Van den Hoeck et al. 1995 87 Orden Zygnemales Borge et Pascher 1913 87 Orden Desmidiales 88 REFERENCIAS 120 ANEXO: LOCALIDADES 136 6 INTRODUCCIÓN En comparación con las plantas vasculares, las algas y cianoprocariotas de Cuba son menos conocidas. Los primeros registros fueron publicados por Lagerheim (1885, 1887) y Borge (1899). Muchos años después, Margalef (1947), publicó un pequeño estudio florístico de la Laguna de Ariguanabo. Arce y Bold (1958), describen a un grupo de Chlorococcales de suelos cubanos. No es sino hasta después de 1960, cuando se desarrollan estudios continuados y salen a la luz trabajos sobre este grupo de vegetales (Straskraba et al. 1969; Rieth, 1969, 1970, 1971 a, b, 1972 a, b, 1973, 1975 a, b, 1976, 1979; Komárek, 1969, 1975; Popóvsky, 1970; Hindák, 1970; Foged, 1984 y Starmach, 1987). Las investigaciones comenzadas en el Instituto de Botánica, Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, y en el marco de su colaboración internacional, ofrecen informaciones más detalladas que arriban a conocimientos más concretos, aunque abarcan grupos taxonómicos aislados (Komárek, 1983, 1984a, b, 1985, 1989 a, b, 1995; Comas, 1980, 1981, 1982; Comas y Komárek, 1984, 1985; Komárek y Comas, 1982; 1984 a, b; Komárek y Kovačik, 1987; Hindák, 1984a,b,c, 1988 a,b. Posteriormente el Jardín Botánico de Cienfuegos fue sede del único equipo de investigadores que se dedicaban a esta disciplina, publicando entonces importantes contribuciones a las Chlorococcales, Bacillariophyceae y Desmidicaceae (Comas, 1984, 1986. 1989 a, b, 1991, 1992 a, b, c, 1996; Comas y León, 1991; Comas y Maldonado, 1984; Maldonado, 1987; Martínez-Almeida, 1989 a, 1989b, 1989c, 1997; Toledo, 1989, 1992 č a, 1992b; Toledo y Comas, 1988; Toledo et al. 1997 a, 1997b; Komárek y Comas 1982, 1984 a, 1984b; Marvan et al. 1984). Sobre las cianoprocariotas de Cuba sólo se han publicado artículos aislados (Komárek y Hindák, 1975; Komárek, 1984 a, b, 1985, 1989 a, b, 1995; Komárek y Kova ik, 1987; Hindák,1984c, 1988 a). Aparecen referencias a materiales cubanos en Lukávsky et al. (1992), Komárek y Novelo, (1994), Komárkova-Legnerová y Tavera (1996) y en Komárek y Anagnostidis (1999, 2005). Recientemente ha concluido un Proyecto Territorial de Ciencia y Técnica cuyo resultado principal lo constituyó la redacción de una obra florística («Introducción a las algas y cianoprocariotas de agua dulce de Cuba»), compilación de toda la información disponible acerca de estos organismos, que esperamos Dios mediante vea la luz próximamente. No obstante, ya que una obra de este tipo -particularmente extensa- , retrasa un poco más al de por sí demorado proceso editorial, creimos conveniente confeccionar este catálogo donde se brinda por primera vez para el país una información detallada de la composición de especies de cianoprocariotas y microalgas que contribuya modestamente al conocimiento de la biodiversidad de las aguas dulces de Cuba. Aquí incluimos también especies tradicionalmente consideradas «de agua dulce» aunque aparecen en otros biótopos. De cada taxon se ofrece la citación completa, sinonimia más importante, datos acerca de su ecología, así como las localidades donde han sido halladas. 7 Investigaciones genético moleculares están ocasionando cambios en los sistemas de clasificación tradicionales, por lo que no es posible presentar un sistema totalmente actualizado, no obstante el sistema de clasificación, aquí aplicado (en principio el de la Süsswassuflora von Mitteleuropa), trata de ser consecuente con los conocimientos actuales. 8 CYANOPROKARYOTA Clase Cyanophyceae Orden Chroococcales Wettstein 1923 Familia Synechococcaceae Komárek et Anagnostidis 1995 Aphanothece Näg. 1849 nom. cons. Aphanothece baccilloidea Gardner 1927 Subaerófita en depresiones calcáreas de Cuba, Puerto Rico y Florida (U.S.A.). Localidades: Sin localidades especificadas (Komárek y Anagnostidis, 1999). Aphanothece comasii Kom-Legn. et Tavera 1996 En el plancton y metafiton en lagunas y pantanos de Cuba y del Este de México. Localidades: PR-018; MA-002. Aphanothece hegewaldii Kova . 1988 En el plancton y metafiton, probablemente tropical, conocido sólo para la India y Cuba. Localidades no especificadas (Komárek, 1985; Komárek y Anagnostidis, 1999). Aphanothece microscopica Näg. 1849 Localidades: HA- 024 (Margalef, 1947). č Aphanothece variabilis (Schiller) Kom. 1995 (= Cyanogastrum variabile Schiller 1956) En pantanos costeros del Caribe, también en Brasil. Localidades: PR- 018; IJ- 041; HA-032; MA-023; CA-036. Bacularia Borzi 1905 Bacularia gracilis Kom. 1995 En el metafiton de lagunas alcalinas de Cuba. Localidades: PR-007. Cyanothece Kom. 1976 Cyanothece sp. sensu Komárek (1989) Localidades: no especificadas.En charcos periódicos al lado de las carreteras (Komárek, 1989). Johannesbaptistia De Toni 1934 Johannesbaptistia pellucida (Dickie) Taylor et Drouet 1938 Especie del tichoplancton, bentos o metafiton, mayormente en regiones cálidas, de aguas dulces, mesohalóbicas hasta polihalóbicas. Localidades: CV- 001. Rhabdogloea Schröder 1917 Rhabdogloea subtropica Hind. 1984. 9 Conocida sólo para Cuba. Localidades no especificadas (Hindák, 1984; Komárek y Anagnostidis, 1999). Synechococcus Näg. 1849 Synechococcus cf. nidulans (Pringsheim) Kom. in Bourr. 1970 (= Synechococcus leopoliensis (Raciborski) Kom. 1970 sensu Hindák 1970) La especie típica habita en el plancton de acuatorios dulciacuícolas pequeños, raro en lagos o lagunas. Localidades: IJ-069; HA-009. Familia Merismopediaceae Elenkin 1933 Aphanocapsa Näg. 1849 Aphanocapsa elachista W. et G. S. West 1894 Especie común en el plancton de acuatorios eutróficos del trópico. Localidades: HA-024 (Margalef, 1947); CFg-032. Aphanocapsa grevillei (Berkeley) Rabenh. 1865 (= Microcystis grevillei (Berkeley) Elenkin 1938) Especie comúnmente béntica de aguas limpias y de bajo pH. Localidad: HA-024- (Margalef, 1947). Su presencia debe ser confirmada. Aphanocapsa incerta (Lemm.) Cronberg et Kom. 1994 (= Microcystis incerta (Lemm.) Lemm. 1907) Común en el plancton de acuatorios eutróficos, cosmopolita. Localidades: CHa-011; HA-009; MA- 027. Aphanocapsa koordersii Strom. 1923 Especie común en el plancton de lagos tropicales (Komárek y Anagnostidis, 1999). Localidades: CFg-006, 033. Coelomoron Buell 1938 Coelomoron microcystoides Kom. 1988 Especie tropical del plancton y metafiton de acuatorios con abundante vegetación acuática (Cuba, México y S. África). Localidades: PR- zona lacustre cerca de Guane (Komárek, 1988), HA- 005, 006, 009; MA- 006, 007; GR- 001. Coelomoron pusillum (Van Goor) Kom. 1988 Localidades: PR- 004, 083; HA- 063; IJ-025; CFg-033; GR- 001. Coelomoron tropicale Senna et al. 1998 Especie plánctica de acuatorios eutróficos. Localidades: PR- 015; CHa- 007; MA- 027; STg.-003. Coelomoron vestitum Kom. 1988 En pantanos alcalinos de Cuba. Localidades: PR- 056; HA- 018; MA- 007, 008. Coelosphaerium Näg. 1849 Coelosphaerium aerugineum Lemm. 1898 10 Especie frecuente en el plancton de acuatorios mesotróficos tropicales. Localidad: HA- 024 (Margalef, 1947). Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum Näg. 1849 Plánctica en aguas mesotróficas, no muy común, probablemente cosmopolita; pero más frecuente en las regiones tropicales. Localidad no determinada (Komárek, 1989) Coelosphaerium minutissimum Lemm. 1900 Plánctica de aguas limpias o levemente contaminadas, también de aguas salobres, mayormente del norte de Europa. Localidad
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