“Absalom and Achitophel” (Dryden), 170 Academy of Ancient Music, 157

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89652-8 - London: A Social and Cultural History, 1550–1750 Robert O. Bucholz and Joseph P. Ward Index More information

Index

“Absalom and Achitophel” (Dryden), 170 Anglican Chapel Royal, 113 Academy of Ancient Music, 157 Anglican Church, 147–148 Ackroyd, Peter, 27 Anglicans, civic government and, 125, Act against Seditious Words and Rumours 127 Uttered against the Queen’s Most Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 15 Excellent Majesty 1581, 167 Anglo-Saxons, settlement in London, Act for Keeping Children Alive 1767, 238 14–15 Act for Rebuilding the City of London Anne, Queen, 26 1667, 327 birthday celebration, fashion and, 111 Act of Settlements and Removals 1662, 229 as conversationalist, 115 Addison, Joseph, 30, 90, 180–185, 197, renovations of, 136–137 199 residence of court, 103 Advent, 211 anomie, 71 advertisements, in newspapers, 174–179 Apollo Club, 198 Aethelberht, King, 14 The Apotheosis of James I (Rubens), 138 agricultural laborers, 68 apprentices, 79–80 The Alchemist (Jonson), 142 approach, to London, aldermen, 123–125, 127, 254 from east, by water, 334–336 alehouses, 192–194 from east and south, 35–38 Alfred, King, 15 from west and north, 33–35 Ailesbury, Thomas Bruce, second Earl of, Arbuthnot, John, 197–198, 366 302 Archer, Ian, 278 All Hallows Bread Street, 286 archery, 204 All Saint’s Day, 211 architecture All Soul’s Day, 210–211 1660–1750, 148 Allen, Thomas, 112 rebuilding after Great Fire of 1666, All-Hallow’s Eve, 209, 211 328–331 Alsatia, 53, 246 Arden of Feversham (Anonymous), 243 Anchor Brewery, 193 Areopagitica (Milton), 146–147

393

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89652-8 - London: A Social and Cultural History, 1550–1750 Robert O. Bucholz and Joseph P. Ward Index More information

394 Index

aristocracy Barry, Sir Charles, 359 London “season,” 66–67 Bartholomew Fair (Jonson), 144 support of artists, 155–156 Barton, Catherine, 199 art collection, 349–350 Baseley, William, 37 Artillery Ground, 204 Bastwick, John, 280, 287 artists, 69 Bath spa, 366 arts, 366 Bathurst, Ralph, 148 building, 136–147 Battle of Hastings, Sussex, 16 Church and, 132–135 Bawdy House Riots 1668, 272, 295–296 1550–1640, 133–145 beadle, 125 masques, 138–149 Bear Garden, 38 music, 139, 146, 148 Beattie, John, 240 royal court and, 135–145, 149 Beaumont, Francis, 142 1640–1660, 145–147 Bedchamber, 106, 115 1660–1750, 147–163 Bede, 14 theater, 139–145 Bedford, Francis Russell, fourth Earl of, 56 visual, 137–148 Bedford, John Russell, ﬁrst Earl of, 27, 56 Arundel, Thomas Howard, Earl of, 138 Bedlam, 220, 230, 235, 340 Ascension, 210–211 Beefsteak Club, 200 Ash Wednesday, 210 Beer Street (Hogarth), 158 Askew, Anne, 48 beggars, 225–227 The Athenian Mercury (Dunton), 177–178 The Beggar’s Opera (Gay), 156, 243, Atterbury, Francis, 148 250–251 Augustine, St., 14 behavior, riots and, 274–275 Behn, Aphra, 158 Bagehot, Walter, 153 The Belman of London (Dekker), 243 Baker, Robert, 355 Bethel, Slingsby, 298 bakers, 48 Bethlehem Hospital.SeeBedlam Banister, John, 157 Betjeman, Sir John, 44 Bank of England, 95, 338–339 Bickerstaffe, Issac, 180 Banks, Sir John, 91 Billingsgate, 40 Banks, Sir Joseph, 198 Bills of Mortality, 65 banks and banking, 46, 91–92 Bird, Francis, 330 Bankside, 37, 360 birthdays, of monarchs, celebration of, 214 TheBanquetoftheGods(Kent), 355 Black Boy Alley Gang, 247 Banqueting House, Whitehall, 112 Black Death, 21, 219, 311–312 Barbon, Nicholas, 154, 327–328, 331, 348 Black Eagle Brewery, 193 Barbon, Praise-God, 154 Black Guard, 247 Barlow, Thomas, 352 Black Luce of Clerkenwell, 206 Baroque style Blackfriars Theatre, 141–142 architecture, 148, 345 Blackstone, Sir William, 348 music, 148 Blake, Joseph “Blueskin,” 250 painting, 149 Blake, William, 356

Index 395

Blathwayt, William, 121 Bull, Henry, 234 Bloomsbury, 153, 349 Bull Head tavern, 48 Blow, John, 148 Bunyan, John, 147 Bludworth, Sir Thomas, 320 Burbage, James, 141 Blunt, Charles, 170 Burbage, Richard, 143 Boghurst, William, 312 Burghley, William Cecil, Lord Boleyn, Queen Anne, 10, 42, 61, 280 promotion of art and, 136 Bolingbroke, Henry, 20 relations with London, 284 Bond, Anne, 207–208 Burke, Edmund, 198 Bonner, Jack, 255 Burke, James, 112 Book of Common Prayer, 22, 134, 145, 147 Burlington, Richard Boyle, ﬁrst Earl of, Book of Plague Orders 1583, 314 66, 355 Boswell, James, 30, 190, 223, 226–227, Burlington, Richard Boyle, third Earl of, 326, 353 355 Bourse at Antwerp, 46 Burlington House, 66, 153 Bow Street Runners, 256 Burnet, Gilbert, 366 Boyer, Abel, 172 Burney, Charles, 343 Bradshaw, John, 61 Burney, Fanny, 114 Breame, Thomasine, 208 Burton, Henry, 280, 287 Brecht, Berthold, 243 Button’s coffeehouse, 197 Breslin, Jimmy, 184 Byrd, William, 132, 139 breweries, 193 Bridewell Palace (or Prison), 52, 54, cabstands, 40 230–231 Cade, Jack, 18, 282 Bristol, 4 Caesar, Julius, 12 Britannia Illustrata (Kip), 158 calendar, festive, 209–214, 279–280 British Library, 350 Calico Act 1721, 276 British Museum, 66, 349–350 Calico Riots 1719–20, 276 Britton, Thomas, 157 Calves-Head Club, 200 brothels, 205–208 Camden, William, 39 Brougham, Henry, Lord, 348 Camille, Comte de Tallard, 196 Brut, King (Brutus), 11 Campion, Thomas, 139 bubonic plague, 311 Canal, Giovanni Antonio (Canaletto), 69, Buckingham, George Villiers, ﬁrst Duke 158 of, 118, 136, 138, 281 Candlemas, 209 Buckingham, George Villiers, second Candy, William, 236 Duke of, 149 capital punishment, 257–260, 263–267 Buckingham House, 153 Carlyle, Thomas, 49 Budgell, Eustace, 180 Caroline, Queen, 354 building carriages, 40 1550–1640, 136–137 Castlemaine, Barbara Palmer, nee´ Villiers, 1660–1750, 153–154 Countess of, 110, 295–296 after Great Fire of 1666, 328–331 Cat, Christopher, 199

396 Index

The Cat and Fiddle, 199 Charles II, King, 25, 293 Catherine of Braganza, Queen, 111, 296 arts and, 149, 151–152 Catholic Chapel Royal, 113 corruption and incompetence of Catholic Church, as patron of arts, 133–135 administration, 296 Catholicism, 23–24 issue of succession of, 296–297 Parliamentary opposition to, 296–297 mistresses, 296 providing for poor, 219–220 public appearances, 109–110 Catuvellauni, 12 renovations of Whitehall, 136 Cavaliers, 289 residence of court, 103 ACaveatforCommonCursitors(Harman), Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 52 242 Charlotte, Queen, 358 Cavendish Square, 351 Charteris, Colonel Francis, 207 Caxton, William, 60 A Chaste Maid in Cheapside (Middleton), Cecil, Robert.SeeSalisbury, Robert Cecil, 144 first Earl of Chaucer, Geoffrey, 60 Cecil, William.SeeBurghley, William, Cheapside, 47–49, 339–341 Lord Cheapside Cross, 49 censorship, press and, 133, 135, 147, Chelsea Waterworks Company, 336 167 Chiffinch, Thomas, 116 ceremonies Chiffinch, William, 116 lord mayor’s show, 122–123 Child, Sir Francis, 91 royal court, 107–109 Child and Co., 91 Chamber, 105–106 children Chamberlaine, John, 47, 209–210 abandonment of, 221–222, 236–238 Chandos, James Brydges, Duke of, health care and, 232–239 155–156 mortality, 65 Chapel Royal, 134, 139, 148 Children of Paul’s, 139–140 chapels, of royal court, 112–113 Chillenden, Edmund, 195 Charing, 57 Chippendale, Thomas, 68 Charing Cross, 57, 345–346 Cholmondeley, Michael, 223–224, 226–227 charity, 220 Christmas, 211 Charity and Children Engaged in Christ’s Hospital, 230, 235 Navigation and Husbandry Church of England, 14, 23, 71 (Rysbrack), 348 arts and, 132–133 Charles, Prince of Wales, 342 function of, 4–5 Charles I, King, 24, 50, 281, 289 churches, 71 Civil Wars, 290–291 arts and, 132–135 execution of, 291 function of, 4–5 public appearances, 109 Churchill, John.SeeMarlborough, John relations with London, 285–286, 289 Churchill, Duke of visual arts, 137–138, 145 Churchill, Sarah.SeeMarlborough, Sarah Westminster Hall, 61 Churchill, Duchess of Whitehall Palace, 58 churchwardens, 127

Index 397

Cibber, Caius Gabriel, 235, 329, 340 Congreve, William, 151, 156, 217 circus, 204 constables, 252–254 City Election Act, 124 Conventical Act 1664, 294 A City Full of People: Men and Women of Cooper, Anthony Ashley, first Earl of London 1650–1750 (Earle), 27 Shaftesbury.SeeShaftesbury, City of London 1550, 44–51 Anthony Ashley Cooper, first Earl of civic government, 122–131 Copland, Robert, 242 Civil List Act, 104 Coram, Thomas, 236–237 civil service, 121 corantos, 165 Civil Wars (mid-seventeenth century), Cornish, Henry, 298 285, 289–290 Corporation Act 1661, 293 Clare, John Holles, second Earl of, 56, 137 Corporation of the Poor, 230 Clarendon, Edward Hyde, first Earl of, Corpus Christi celebrations, 210 322 Cotton, Sir Robert, 349 Clarendon Code, 148, 293 Cottonian Library, 349 Clark, Peter, 193 court. See royal court Claudius I, emperor of Rome, 12 Court of Aldermen, 122, 124, 254 Clayton, Sir Robert, 236 Court of Burgesses, 128–129 Clayton, Thomas, 181 courtiers, 105 Clerkenwell, 146 Coutts and Co., 91 Clink Prison, 37 Covent Garden, 56–57, 66, 346–347 clothing, of Royal Court, 111–112 Coverdale, Miles, 49 clubs, 197–201 The Craftsman, 186 coaches, 40 Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop, 43, 134 coal mining, 99 crime Coal Tax, 329 capital offences, 257–260 Cockpit theater, 141 murder, 241–242 coffee, 194–197 organized, 246–248 coffeehouses, 194–197 property, 241 Cokayne, Sir William, 86, 123 rate, 239–241 Coleman Street, 47, 71, 286, 293 reportage by press, 242–243 Collier, Jeremy, 217 wave, 239–244 Commercial Revolution, 87–91, 232 criminals, 244–251 Commission for Rebuilding, 328 Cromwell, Oliver, 24, 61, 292 Commissioners of Sewers, 335 Cromwell, Richard, 292 Common Council, 124–125, 127, 303–304 Cromwell, Thomas, 37, 39 Dissenters in, 297 Cryes of London (Gibbons), 144 Puritan/parliamentary majority, 289 Cumberland, Francis Clifford, fourth Earl shrieval elections, 1682, 300 of, 66 Common Hall, 125–127, 300 Cupid before Jupiter (Ricci), 355 A Complete Collection of Remarkable Curtain theater, 141 Tryals of the Most Notorious Custom House, 41 Male-factors, 243 Customs and Excise, 94

398 Index

Dabhoiwala, Faramerz, 207 Dosley, Robert, 357 The Daily Courant, 171, 174, 343 Dowland, John, 139 dairymen, 48 Dr. Faustus (Marlowe), 140 Dance, George, 332 Dr. Johnson’s London (Marshal), 27 Davenant, Sir William, 146, 150 Drake, Sir Francis, 54 Davies, Mary, 352 drawing rooms, of royal court, 113–115 Defoe, Daniel, 30 drinking, 186–188 Bank of England, 338–339 alehouses, 192–194 commercial dominance of London, clubs, 197–201 89–90 coffeehouses, 194–197 Great Fire of 1666, 317–319, 330, 331 inns, 188–189 Moll Flanders, 72, 158, 241, 244–245, pleasure gardens, 201–203 247, 257–258 taverns, 189–192 political writing, 158, 171–172, 186 Drury Lane, 137, 141, 347 sentencing of, 281 Dryden, John, 159, 170, 197 Dekker, Thomas, 70–71, 123, 144, 192 Duchess of Malﬁ (Webster), 142 Delme,´ Peter, 98 Duke’s Company, 150 demographics Dunton, John, 171, 177 expansion of, 64–70 D’Urfey, Thomas, 189 poverty and, 220–221 Dyck, Anthony Van, 69, 138 Denham, Sir John, 355 “Description of a Morning” (Swift), Eagle tavern, 48 160–161 Earle, Peter, 27, 98 Devonshire House, 153 East End, 34–35, 42, 335 Devonshire Square, 154 East India Company, 85–86 Dialogue of Comfort (More), 53 Eastcheap, 337–338 Diana, Princess of Wales, 342 Easter Sunday, 210 Dickinson, William, 328 Eastland Company, 84 Dickson, P. G. M., 95 economic opportunity, 67–68 dining, 186–188 economics alehouses, 193 growth of, 363–364 inns, 188–189 riots and, 275–278 taverns, 191–192 Edgar the Aetheling, 16 Dissenters, 294, 297 Edward, Duke of York.SeeEdward IV Dissolution of the Monasteries, 55–56 Edward (Edward the Confessor), King, Diver, Jenny, 247 59–60, 62 docks, 40–41 Edward I, King, 19–20, 57 Dolphin Tavern, 190 Edward IV, King, 18, 20–21, 282 Donne, John, 49, 134 Edward VI, King, 21 Dorset, Charles Sackville, sixth Earl of, 149 censorship, 135 Dorset, Edward Sackville, fourth Earl of, Dissolution of the Monasteries, 55–56 289 Eleanor, Queen, 19, 49

Index 399

Elizabeth I, Queen, 23–24, 107–108, 118 Fielding, Sir John, 208, 256, 337 art and, 136 Figg, James, 351 censorship and, 167 Financial Revolution, 91–98 portraiture of, 137 fires, 51, 294, 319–331 relations with London, 283–284 Fisher, John, Cardinal, 39 residence of court, 103 fishing, 205 employment agency, 76 fishmongers, 48 England, London in history of, 21–27 Fleet Ditch, 341 The English Dancing Master (Playford), Fleet Liberty, 343 146 Fleet Prison, 52, 343 The Englishman (magazine), 186 Fleet River, 40, 51–52 An Enquiry into the Causes of the Late Fleet Street, 51–55, 343–344 Increase of Robbers (Fielding), 256 Fleetwood, William, 246 Epicoene or the Silent Woman (Jonson), The Flying Post, 174 145 folk-moot, 14 Epiphany, 209 Folly, 201 Erskine, Thomas, first Baron Erskine, lord food and drink, 186–188 chancellor, 348 alehouses, 192–194 essay magazines, 179–186 clubs, 197–201 Essex, Robert Devereux, second Earl of, coffeehouses, 194–197 284 inns, 188–189 Etherege, Sir George, 106, 149 pleasure gardens, 201–203 Evelyn, John, 135, 148, 301, 323–324, 326 riots and, 277 Evil May Day Riot, 1517, 212, 272, 278 taverns, 189–192 Exclusion Crisis, 25, 272 football (soccer), 204 executions, 258–259, 263–267 foreigners, violence against, 278–279 Forman, Simon, 315 The Fable of the Bees, or, Private Vices, Fortune theater, 141 Pubic Benefits (Mandeville), 218 Foundation Act 1753, 349 Farquahar, George, 217 Foundling Hospital, 236, 236–239, 348 Farriner, Thomas, 320 Four Prentices of London (Heywood), 144 Farringon Ward Without, 51 Four Times of the Day (Hogarth), 347 Fawkes, Guy, 61–62 Fox, Charles James, 198 Feast of Saints Philip and James, 209 The Freeholder, 186 Feast of the Royal Martyr Charles I, 213 Freeman, Sir Ralph, 150 Felton, John, 281 Frith, Mary (Moll Cut-Purse), 144, 243 The Female Spectator (Haywood), 181 furniture-making, 68 The Female Tatler (Manley), 181 femes coverts, 6, 10 Gainsborough, Thomas, 153, 238 Ferrabosco, Alfonso, 69 gangs Ferrers, Laurence, Earl, 262, 264 crime and, 246–248 Fielding, Henry, 197, 250, 256 Fleet Street, 53

400 Index

gaol fever (typhus), 51, 260 Great Chain of Being, 5, 7–11 Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop, 42, 49 Great Conduit, 47 Garrick, David, 197 Great Fire 1666, 51, 294, 319–331 gas street lighting, 131 Great Plague 1665, 294, 310–319 Gay, John, 130, 156, 162, 205, 243, 355 Great Queen Street, 157, 347 Gayer, Sir John, 291 Grecian coffeehouse, 197 Gennari, Benedetto, 152 Green Park, 355 The Gentlemen’s Journal (Motteux), 179 Green Ribbon Club, 198 George, M. D., 27 Greene, Robert, 246 George I, King, 26, 306 Gregory I, Pope, 14 George II, King, 26, 103 Gregory Gang, 247 George III, King, 358 Gresham, Sir Thomas, 46, 338 Georges Club, 200 Grey, Lady Jane, 42, 48, 282 German Street Maternity Hospital, 236 Grifﬁth, Henry, 322 Gheeraerts, Marcus, the Younger, 69, 137 grocers, 48 Gibbon, Edward, 353 Grocer’s Alley, 48 Gibbons, Grinling, 148–149, 330 Grosley, Pierre Jean, 333, 344 Gibbons, Orlando, 45, 139, 144 Grosvenor, Sir Thomas, 352 Gibbs, Sir James, 235, 345, 355 Grosvenor Square, 154, 352–353 Gideon, Samson, 98 growth of, 363–367 gin, 193–194, 233 Grub Street, 173 Gin Craze, 65, 194, 233 Guard Chamber, 105 Gin Lane (Hogarth), 158, 347 The Guardian, 186 Globe theater, 38, 141–142 Guildhall, 48, 340 Glorious Revolution, 1688–89, 25–26, guildhalls, 48, 79 301–303 guilds, 77–82 Goat tavern, 48 Guilpin, Everard, 144 Goldsmith, Oliver, 198 Gull’s Handbook (Dekker), 144 Goldsmith’s Row, 47 Gunpowder Plot, 24, 61 Good Friday, 210 Gunpowder Treason Day, 213, 297, 304 Good Samaritan (Hogarth), 235 Gurney, Richard, 288–289 Gordon Riots, 1780, 282, 308 Gurr, Andrew, 142 gossip, 165–166 Guy, Henry, 149 Gotobed, Francis, 208 Guy, Thomas, 236 Gough Square, 343 Guy’s Hospital, 236 government civic, 122–131 hackney coaches, 40 distinction between royal court and, Hall, Joseph, 144 103–104 Halloween, 209 ofﬁcers, 105 Halsey, Edmund, 75 Graunt, John, 29, 68, 242 Hamilton, James Douglas, Duke of, 354 Gray’s Inn, 53–54 Hamilton, Lady Emma, 353

Index 401

Handel, George Frideric, 69, 155–156, 238 heptarchy, 14 Hanging not Punishment Enough Heywood, Thomas, 144 (Anonymous), 242 hierarchy hangings, 258–259, 263–267 of families, 6 Hanover Square, 352 of London, 73 Hanoverian London 1714–1808 (Rude),´ 27 Highgate Hill, 332–334 Hanseatic League of Northern Germany, historiography, 27–31 82 history, of London, prior to 1550, 11–21 Hanseatic merchants, 40 History of Edward II (Marlowe), 140 Hanway, Jonas, 231 A History of London (Inwood), 27 Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, ﬁrst Earl of, 348 History of the Lives of the Most Noted Harley, Robert.SeeOxford, Robert Highway-men, Foot-pads, Harley,Earlof House-Breakers, Shoplifters and A Harlot’s Progress (Hogarth), 158, 347 Cheats (Smith), 243 Harman, Thomas, 242 History of the World (Raleigh), 43 Harris, Richard, 110 Hitchen, Charles, 248 Harris, Tim, 272 Hobbes, Thomas, 290 Harrison, William, 40 Hock Monday, 210 Harvey, William, 234 Hock Tuesday, 210 Hawes, John, 221 Hodges, Nathaniel, 310, 312 Hawkins, Sir John, 54 Hogarth, Jane, 238 Hawksmoor, Nicholas, 328, 333, 359 Hogarth, William, 153 Hay, Douglas, 259 art academy, St. Martin’s Lane, Hayman, Francis, 361 157 Haywood, Eliza, 181 effects of gin, 194 health care, child welfare and, 232–239 Foundling Hospital, 238 Heathcote, Sir Gilbert, 98, 123 Industry and Idleness, 80 Heidegger, Johann Jakob (or John James), St. Bart’s hospital, 235 69, 156 Holbein, Hans, the Younger, 69, 137 Hell Upon Earth (anonymous), 158, 162 Hollar, Wenceslaus, 36, 69, 144 Hemming, Edmund, 130 The Honest Whore (Middleton, Dekker), Henrietta Maria, Queen, 138, 286 145 Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, 43 Honman, John, 206 Henry I, King, 18 Honorable Artillery Company, 204 Henry III, King, 19, 59 Hooke, Robert, 235, 328, 340 Henry VI, King, 49 hospitals Henry VII, King, 60, 282 aid to the poor, 220, 230–231 Henry VIII, King, 5, 21–23, 37 children, health care and, 236–239 Bridewell Palace, 52 quality of medical care, 233–236 Dissolution of the Monasteries, 55–56 Household Below Stairs, 105 renovations, of royal palaces, 136 household ofﬁcers, 105 Whitehall Palace, 58 Howard, Queen Catherine, 42

402 Index

Howard of Effingham, Charles Howard, James II, King (formerly Duke of York), 25 second Baron; and first Earl of accession, 296 Nottingham, 143 arts and, 152 Howard, Henry, Earl of Northampton.See London’s disillusionment with, 294 Northampton, Henry Howard, Earl of public appearances, 109 Howard, Jean, 145 regulation of press, 170 Howard, Thomas, Earl of Arundel.See renovations of Whitehall, 136–137 Arundel, Thomas Howard, Earl of residence of court, 103 Howell, James, 50 Revolution of 1688–89 and, 301–303 Howell, Mary, 236 Jarman, Edward, 338 Hubert, Robert, 325 Jeffreys, Sir George, 298 Hudson’s Bay Company, 84 Jewish population, immigration and, Huguenots, 69 69–70 Humfrey, Pelham, 112, 148, 149 jobbers, 92 Humphry Clinker (Smollett), 362 John, King, 18, 18–19 Hunsdon, Henry Carey, first Baron, 143 Johnson, Samuel, 1 husbandmen, 6 on achievements of Rome and London, Hyde Park, 353–354 159 Hye Way to the Spyttal-House (Copland), The Club, 198 242 residence of, 343–344 “A Hymn to the Pillory” (Defoe), 172 taverns and, 188, 190–191 joint stock companies, 92 Iceni, revolt of, 12 Jolly, Sarah, 207 immigration, 65–70 Jonathan Wild Act 1718, 249 Industrial Revolution, 98–100 Jones, Inigo, 50, 56, 137, 138 Industry and Idleness (Hogarth), 80, 158, Jones, William, 362 244 Jonson, Ben, 60, 106, 138, 144–145, 198 information, dispensing of, before print, Journal of the Plague Year (Defoe), 158, 164–166 317 informers, rewards system and, 255–256 journeymen, 80 Inner Temple, 53–54 judges, 260–263 inns, 188–189 jurors, 261 Inns of Court, 140 Justice of the Peace, 252, 256–257 insurance, fire, 330 Ireton, Henry, 61 Katherine of Aragon, Queen, 280 Ken, Thomas, 148 Jacobites, 26, 127, 337 Kensington House, 354 Jacobsen, Theodore, 348 Kent, William, 120 James I, King (VI of Scotland), 118, 284 Key, Newton, 187 art and, 136 Killigrew, Thomas, 149, 150, 347 relations with London, 285–286 King’s Company, 150 renovations of Whitehall, 136–137 King’s Evil, 112

Index 403

King’s Great Matter, 52 TheLifeofJonathanWildtheGreat King’s Men, 143 (Fielding), 250, 256 Kip, Johannes, 158 Lillo, George, 244 Kirk, Robert, 112, 339 Lincoln’s Inn, 53–54, 66 Kit-Cat Club, 199–200 Linebaugh, Peter, 70, 259 Kneller, Sir Godfrey, 69, 148, 153, 347 literature academy for painters, 157 1550–1640, 135 Kit-Cat Club, 199–200 1640–1660, 147–148 Knight, Valentine, 326 1660–1750, 157–163 Knight of the Burning Pestle (Beaumont), livery companies, 48, 77–82 142, 145 Lloyd, Edward, 92 Knyff, Leonard (Knijff, Leendert), 69, 158 Lloyd, Winifred, 207 Lock Hospital, 236 laborers, 6 Locke, John, 170 Lady Day, 210 Locke, Matthew, 112 Lady Elizabeth’s Men, 143 Lodge, Thomas, 317 Lambe, John, 281 Lombard Street, 46 Lambeth Palace, 37 Londinium, 12–13 Land Tax, 97 “London: a Poem” (Johnson), 159 Lanthorne and Candle-Light (Dekker), 243 London: a Social History (Porter), 27 Latimer, Hugh, 49, 134 London, George, 184 Laud, William, Archbishop of London: the Biography (Ackroyd), 27 Canterbury, 43, 50, 139, 287 London Bridge, 38–40, 360 law enforcement London County Council, 129 inadequacy of, 251–257 The London Gazette, 169, 173–174 trial and sentencing, 257–267 London Hospital, 236 law schools, 53–54 London Life in the Eighteenth Century Lawes, Henry, 139 (George), 27 Lawes, William, 139 London Lying-In Hospital, 236 Lawrence, Sir John, 314 The London Merchant (Lillo), 244 Lee, Sir Henry, 137 London (Russell), 27 Leicester, Robert Sidney, Earl of, 66 London Spy (Ward), 162 Leicester House, 66 Lopez, Roderigo, 234 Leicester Square, 154 lord chamberlain, 105–106, 117 Lely, Sir Peter, 69, 148, 347 Lord Chamberlain’s Men, 143 Leman, John, 123 lord mayor, 122–123, 127 Lent, 209, 210 Louis XIV, of France, 25, 26, 69, 94–96, L’Estrange, Sir Roger, 168, 179 149, 169, 232, 252, 299–300, 304, 358 letters, of court and city news, 165 Lovat, Simon Fraser, Lord, 337 Levant Company, 84–85 Lower Pool, 39 liberty (ecclesiastical estate), 37–38, 246 Lowndes, William, 121 Licensing Act 1662, 133, 147, 168, 170 Loyal London, 295

404 Index

Ludgate HIll, 341–343 May Day, 209–210, 212–213 Lundenwic, 14 May Day Riots 1517, 272 luxury goods, 99 May Fair, 212–213 Lyon, Elizabeth, 249 Mayfair, 352–353 Maynwaring, Arthur, 172 Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 170–171 Mead, Sir Richard, 236 Macclesfield, Thomas Parker, first Earl of, medical care lord chancellor, 348 for children, 236–239 MacLaine, James, 244 in hospitals, 233–236 Madness (Cibber), 235, 340 Melancholy (Cibber), 235, 340 Magna Carta, 19 mentalite,´ 4 Magnus Intercursus 1496, 41 Merchant Adventurers, 82–86 Maitland, William, 247 merchants, 45–47, 74–75, 82–91 The Man of Mode (Etherege), 106 Mercier, Phillippe, 153 Mandeville, Bernard, 218 Messiah (Handel), 156 Manley, Delarivier, 181 Metropolitan Police, 252 Mansfield, William Murray, Earl of, lord Meux, Sir Henry Bruce, 344 chief justice, 70 Michaelmas, 210 March Club, 198 Middle Temple Gardens, 54 Margaret of Anjou, Queen, 20 Middle Temple Hall, 54 Marlborough House, 357 Middlesex Hospital, 236 Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of, Middleton, Thomas, 144 26, 304 Midsummer Watch, 211 Marlborough, Sarah Churchill, Duchess Midsummer’s Day, 210 of, 10, 118 Midsummer’s Eve, 209 Marlowe, Christopher, 140 migrants, 65–70 Marshal, Dorothy, 27 militia, during Henry VIII’s reign, 268–269 Marston, John, 144 Milliner, Mary, 248 Marvell, Andrew, 149 Milton, John, 146–147 Mary I, Queen, 23, 42 Miscellany (Tottell), 53 hospital endowment for poor, 230 Misson, Francis Maximilian, 169, 274–275 rebellion against, 282–283 Mitre tavern, 48 Mary II, Queen, 152, 303 mob (crowd), definition of, 271 Marylebone Gardens, 201 Mohocks, 247 masques, 138–149 Mohun, Charles, Lord, 262 Massachusetts Bay Company, 84–85 Moll Flanders (Defoe), 72, 158, 241, Massinger, Philip, 144 244–245, 247, 257–258 Matilda, Empress, 18 Monck, George, 292–293 Matilda, Queen, 41 Monmouth, James Scott, Duke of, 297 Matthews, John, 172 Montagu, Charles, Lord Halifax, 94 Maundy Thursday, 210 Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, 187, 199, May, Hugh, 355 351

Index 405

Montagu, Ralph Montagu, Duke of, 66 newspapers, 167–168, 366 Montagu House, 66, 153, 350 advertisements, 174–179 Montfort, Simon de, 18, 19 Cromwellian regime and, 168 Moore, Sir John, 298 ﬁrst regular, 171–179 Mopine, Edward, 223 James II and, 170 morbidity, 65 lost-and-found service, 178–179 More, Sir Thomas, 39, 43, 61, 362 partisanship of, 174 Morley, Thomas, 139 Restoration regime and, 168–169 “Morning” (Otway), 159–160 Newton, Sir Isaac, 212 Morrice, Roger, 302 Nine Years’ War, 26 mortality, 65 nobility, 5 Mortimer, Roger, 20 North, Dudley, 300 Motteux, Pierre, 179 Northampton, Henry Howard, Earl of, 53, Mulgave, John Shefﬁeld, Earl of, 149 344 murder, 241–242 Northumberland House, 137, 344 Murray, Fanny, 208 Norwich, 4 Muscovy Company, 84 music, 139, 146, 148 The Observator (L’Estrange), 179 Music for the Royal Fireworks (Handel), Occasional Conformity, 294 155 Olaf,KingofNorway,43 Mynshul, Geffray, 231 Old Bailey, 51, 54, 240–241, 260 Old Jewry, 47 Nag’s Head tavern, 48 Oldmixon, John, 199 national debt, 94 opera, 146 National Gallery of Art, 366 ordinaries, 191 National Portrait Gallery, 366 The Orphan (Otway), 159 Navigation Acts, 87, 295 orphans, 235 Needham, “Mother”, 207 Otway, Thomas, 151, 159–161 neighbors, newcomers and, 74 outdoor relief, 229 Nelson, Horatio, Viscount, 342, 353 Oxford, Robert Harley, Earl of, 156, 173, New Bethlehem Hospital, 340 349 New Exchange, 46, 137 Oxford Market, 351 New Model Army, 60–61 Oxford Street, 351–352 New Spring Garden, 38, 201 New Year’s Day, 209 pagan festivals, 209, 212 Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, Thomas Paisible, James, 69 Pelham-Holles, Duke of, 347 Pall Mall, 357 newcomers, to London, 70–77 Palladio, Andrea, 137 Newcourt, Richard, 326 Palm Sunday, 210 Newgate Calendar, 243 Paradise Lost (Milton), 147 Newgate Prison, 51, 54, 259–260, 340–341 Paris Garden, 37–38, 201 news, before print, 164–166 parishes, 126–127

406 Index

Parker, Elizabeth, 207 Petty, Sir William, 29 parks, 353–358 Phillip II, of Spain, 23, 283 Parliament Piggot, Adam, 346 Catholicism, opposition to, 296–297 The Pilgrim’s Progress (Bunyan), 147 enhanced constitutional role after Pilkington, Bishop James, 50 Revolution of 1688–89, 25–26, 359 Pilkington, Thomas, 298 lack of support for, after 1647, 290–291 Pitt, William, the Elder, 348, 353 Long Parliament, 287 plague, 21, 312–313 Puritan majority, 289 Black Death, 21, 219, 311–312 Rump, 291 Great Plague 1665, 294, 310–319 Parnell, Thomas, 198 population and, 312–313 paternalism, 6–7 Platter, Thomas, 39 Patterson, William, 95 Plautius, Aulus, 12 Paul’s Cross, 49, 134 Player, Sir Thomas, 298 Paul’s Walk, 50 Playford, John, 146 Peasants’ Revolt, 1381, 20, 282 pleasure gardens, 201–203 Peel, Sir Robert, 197 Plough Monday, 209, 212 Pelhams, civic government and, 125 pneumonic plague, 311 Penn, Richard, 212 Poems on Affairs of State, 176 Pennell, Sara, 187 poetry Pennington, Isaac, 289 1550–1640, 144 Penry, John, 135 1640–1660, 147 Pentecost, 210 1660–1750, 159–163 Pepys, Samuel, 43, 48, 70, 121 policing, 251–257 beggars, 225 politics coffeehouses, rumors and, 196 political parties, 297–301 crime, 241 press and, 174, 186 day trip to country, 163 riots and, 280–281, 304–308 fashion of royal court and, 110–111 Poll Tax Riots 1990, 308 Great Fire 1666, 320–322, 324 pollution, 333 Great Plague 1665, 310–311, 313–314, Pomfret, Thomas Fermor, Earl of, 316–318 358 Hyde Park, 354 The Pool of Bethesda (Hogarth), 235 news before print, 165 Poor Law, 140, 227–228, 232 pleasure gardens, 202 Poor Rate, 228–229 St. Valentine’s Day, 212 Pope, Alexander, 158, 197, 326 taverns, 190 Popish Plot, 297–298, 300 performing arts population, 7–8 1550–1640, 139–145 density of, 64–65 1640–1660, 145–146 plague and, 312–313 1660–1750, 150–151, 156–157 Porter, Roy, 27 Personal Rule, 145, 285–286 portraiture, 137–138

Index 407

Portsmouth, Louise de Keroualle,´ Prynne, William, 280, 287 Duchess of, 187 publishing, 53, 133, 147.Seepress The Post Boy, 174 pubs, 192 The Post Man, 173 Purcell, Henry, 112, 148, 189 postal system, 165 Puritans, 23–24 Poultry, 47 arts and, 146–147 Poultry Compter, 47 civic government and, 125 poverty Restoration, revolution and, 293–294 accommodation, 224–225 tension between Londoners and Crown, beggars, 225–227 286–287 civic remedies, 227–232 Pym, John, 287 clash between rich and poor, 223 deﬁnition of, 222 Quare, Daniel, 68 effect on individuals, 223–227 quarterage, 77 health care and child welfare, 232–239 Queen Elizabeth’s Accession Day, 136, statistics and policy, 219–223 297, 304 preaching, 134–135, 148–149 Queen’s Men, 143 Presence Chamber, 105 press Rag Fair, 225 censorship and, 133, 135, 147 Rake’s Progress (Hogarth), 340 essay magazine, 179–186 Raleigh, Sir Walter, 43, 54 national, 164 Ranelagh Gardens, 201–202, 362 newspapers, ﬁrst regular, 171–179 rebellion, 281–293 perception of crime wave, 242–243 Red Bull Theatre, 146 public, 164 Red Lion Square, 154 regulation of, 166–171 Red Lion Theatre, 141 1640–1660, 146–147 Reformation Price, Mary, 207–208 charity and, 220 prices, 68 festive calendar and, 211 Pride, Thomas, 291 literature and, 135 Pride’s Purge, 291 Reformation of Manners, 178, 214–218 prisons religion, 71 Bridewell, 54 London’s importance and, 14 the Clink, 37 tension between Londoners and Crown, Fleet, 52, 54 286–287 Newgate, 51, 54 religious persecution, immigration and, 69 Temple Bar, 54–55 Remarks on London (Stow), 337 Privy Chamber, 105–106 Reresby, Sir John, 68 Privy Council, 119 Restoration Day, 304 property crimes, 241 Reynardson, Abraham, 291 prostitution, 76–77, 205–208 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 153, 238, 343 Protestantism, 23–24, 220 Ricci, Sebastiano, 355

408 Index

Rich, John, 156, 347 ceremonial occasions of, 107–109 Rich, Peter, 300 chapels, 112–113 Richard I (Richard the Lionheart), King, courtiers, 105 18 dining, 113 Richard II, King, 20 distinction between government and, Richard III, King, 20 103–104 Richmond, Henry Tudor, Earl of.See drawing rooms, 113–115 Henry VII, King functions of, 104 Ridley, Nicholas, Bishop of London, 134 government officers, 105 Ridpath, George, 172 holidays and state occasions, 110–111 Rinaldo (Handel), 183 household officers, 105 Riot Act 1715, 271, 306–307 participants of, 103–106 riots, 269–274 power, attraction of, 117–118 calendar, 279–280 private audience with monarch, 115–116 economic, 275–278 residence of, 102–103 over words and behavior, 274–275 the season, 106–107 participants in, 273 security of royal personages, 109–110 political, 280–281, 304–308 wages and monetary rewards, 117 xenophobic, 278–279 Royal Exchange, 46, 338 The Roaring Girl (Middleton, Dekker), Royal James, 295 144–145, 243 Royal Martyr Day, 304 Robinson Crusoe (Defoe), 158 Royal Oak, 295 Rochester, John Wilmot, Earl of, 149 Royal Society, 66, 198, 339 Rogation week, 210 Royko, Mike, 184 Rogers, Nicholas, 272–273 Rubens, Peter Paul, 69, 138 Roman Catholicism, 296–297 Rude,´ George, 27, 270 Romans, establishment of London, 11–13 Russell, Francis, fourth Earl of Bedford. Romney, George, 351 See Bedford, Francis Russell, fourth Roper, Abel, 172, 173 Earl of Rosamond (Addison), 181 Russell, John, first Earl of Bedford.See Rose theater, 38, 141 Bedford, John Russell, first Earl of Rosee,´ Pasqua, 194 Ruyter, Michel de, 295 Rounde House, 230 Ryder, Dudley, 111–112 Roundheads, 289 Rysbrack, John Michael, 69, 348 Roxana (Defoe), 158 Royal Academy of Arts, 66, 365 Sæberht, King of Essex, 59 Royal Academy of Music, 157 Sacheverell, Rev. Henry, 174, 304–305 Royal Africa Company, 84–85 Sacheverell Riots, 272, 305–306 Royal Charles, 295 Sackville, Charles.SeeDorset, Charles royal court, 101–102 Sackville, 6th Earl of arts and, 132–133, 149 Sackville, Edward.SeeDorset, Edward attire of guests, 111–112 Sackville, 4th Earl of

Index 409

St. Albans, Henry Jermyn, Earl of, 350 St. Valentine’s Day, 209, 211–212 St. Anne, Blackfriars, 286 Salisbury, Robert Cecil, ﬁrst Earl of, 137, St. Bartholomew the Great, 134 284 St. Bartholomew’s Day, 210–211, 213 Salisbury, Sally, 208 St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, 220, 230, Salisbury Court, 141 233–235 sanitation, 335–336 St. Cecilia, 211 Sault, Richard, 177 St. Clement Danes, 345 Saussure, Cesar´ de, 195, 254, 265–266 St. Dunstan-in-the-West, 344 Savile, Henry, 149 St. George Bloomsbury, 231 Savoy Hospital, 230, 235 St. George’s Day, 210 Scapula, Ostorius, 12 St. George’s Hospital, 234, 236 Scarborough, Richard Lumley, Earl of, St. Giles-in-the-Fields, 231, 310 352 St. James Piccadilly, 328, 356 scribal publication, 169 St. James’s Hospital, 220 Scriblerians, 198 St. James’s Palace, 59, 136–137, 197 scrofula, 112 St. James’s Park, 202–203, 357–358 seacoal, 99 St. James’s Square, 154 the season St. John, Henry, 96, 186 aristocracy, 66–67 St. John-the-Baptist feast, 209 festive calendar, 213 St. Katherine’s Hospital, 41, 220 royal court, 106–107 St. Katherine’s Stairs, 40 Second Anglo-Dutch War, 278 St. Luke’s Hospital, 236 security of royal personages, 109–110 St. Martin-in-the-Fields, 230–231, 346 Sedley, Sir Charles, 149 St. Martin’s Lane, 137 Seething Lane, 43 St. Martin’s parish, 66 Sejanus, His Fall (Jonson), 106 St. Mary Bethlehem Hospital.SeeBedlam Senegal Adventurers, 84–85 St. Mary le Bow, 48–49 Servandoni, Giovanni Nicolo,` 155 St. Mary Overie (Southwark Cathedral), Servant’s Registry, 76 pp. 36, 174 service industry, newcomers to London, St. Mary Spital Hospital, 220 74–76 St. Mary-le-Strand, 345 Seven Years’ War, 2, 26, 96 St. Michael’s Day, 210 1700: Scenes from London Life (Waller), 27 St. Olave Hart Street, 43–44, 134 sewage, 335–336 St. Olave Silver Street, 211 Seymour, Queen Jane, 56 St. Olave’s Day, 211 Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, ﬁrst St. Paul’s Cathedral, 14, 34, 49–51, 330, Earl of, 170, 297–298 341–343 Shakespeare, William, 54, 102, 132, St. Saviour church.SeeSt. Mary Overie 143–144, 147, 156, 243, 284 St. Stephen Coleman Street, 286 Sharp, John, 149, 341 St. Thomas’s Hospital, 220, 230, 233–234, Sheppard, Jack, 243, 249–250 236 Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 197

410 Index

sheriffs, 122, 298, 300 Spencer, Lady Diana, 342 Shewell, Thomas, 193 Spencer, Sir John, 277 shipbuilding, 87 Spenser, Edmund, 60 Shoemaker, Robert, 267, 272–273 Spitalfields Act 1773, 276 The Shoemaker’s Holiday (Dekker), 144 Spitalfields Riots 1769, 276 The Shortest Way with Dissenters (Defoe), Spring Gardens, 202 172 Stables (royal), 105–106 Shrove Tuesday, 209, 279–280 stage service, between country and city, Shute, Samuel, 298 67 Sidney, Algernon, 170 Stamp Duty, 186 The Siege of Rhodes (Davenant), 146 Stanhope, James, Earl, 93 skating, 205 Stanhope, Philip, Earl, 280 slave trade, 70 Star Chamber, censorship and, 135, 167 sledding, 205 Star tavern, 48 Sloane, Sir Hans, 349 Statute Civitatis of London 1285, 253 Smith, Adam, 198, 366–367 Statute of Winchester 1285, 253 Smith, Alexander, 243 Steele, Richard, 161, 180 Smith, Hanna, 207 Steelyard, 40 smog, 333 Stephen, King, 18 Smollett, Tobias, 197, 362 Sterne, Lawrence, 353 Soame, Sir Stephen, 246 Stillingfleet, Edward, 149 Society for the Reformation of Manners, stock-jobber, 92 217 Stop of the Exchequer, 91, 94 Society of Kings, 200 Stow, John, 28, 40, 41, 274 Soho Square, 350 Stow, William, 337 Somers, Sir John, 156 Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of, Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of, 56, 287–288 280 The Strand, 55–57, 344–345 Somerset House, 137 streets South Bank, 360–362 grid pattern, 44–45 South Sea Company, 93 lighting, 130–131 Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, third maintenance of, 130–131 Earl of, 349 Strype, John, 29 Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, Stuart, Arabella, 43 fourth Earl of, 349 Stuart, Prince Charles Edward (the Young Southampton House, 349–350 Pretender, Bonnie Prince Charlie), Southampton Square, 349 26, 345 Southwark, 35 Stuart, Prince James (the Old Pretender), Southwark Cathedral, 36, 174 26 Spanish Company, 84 Stuarts, London’s relationship with, The Spectator (Addison), 30, 90, 161, 285–287 180–186 Stubbe, John, 167

Index 411

suburbs, governing of, 129 Tijou, Jean, 330 Suffolk Place, 38 Tillotson, John, 149 Summary of the Bills of Mortality Tomkins, Thomas, 139 (Graunt), 242 Tompion, Thomas, 68 Sun Fire ofﬁce, 330 Tonson, Jacob, 157, 199, 343 Sunderland, Charles Spencer, third Earl Tories, 25 of, 93 civic government and, 125, 127 ASurveyofLondon(Stow), 28 Common Council, Common Hall, 127 A Survey of the Cities of London and festive calendar, 213–214 Westminster, Borough of Southwark, formation of, 299–301 and Parts Adjacent (Seymour), George I, King, accession of, 306 29–30, 162 press and, 173 A Survey of London and Westminster Tottell, Richard, 53 (Strype), 29 Tower Hamlets, 42 Swan theater, 38, 141 Tower Hill, 42–44, 337 Swift, Jonathan, 96–97, 160–161, 265, 336, Tower of London, 17, 42–44, 336–341 353 Tower Ordinance, 204 Towneley, Francis, 344 Tabard Inn, 35 trading companies, 82–86 Tallis, Thomas, 132 Transportation Act 1718, 249 Tamburlaine the Great (Marlowe), Treasury, 119–120 140 Treaty of Paris 1763, 27 The Tatler (Steele), 180 Treaty of Utrecht 1713, 26 taverns, 189–192 Treby, Sir George, 302 Taylor, John, 123, 144 Trevisan, Andrea, 55 Temple Bar, 54–55, 344 trial process, 257–267 textiles, 67, 69 Trinity Sunday, 210 Thames, River, 33, 334–335 Trinovant, 11 theater Trinovantes, 11 1550–1640, 139–145 A Trip Through the Town, Containing 1640–1660, 145–146 Observations on the Humours of the 1660–1750, 150–151, 156–157 Age, 162–163 Theatre, 141 Trivia: Or the Art of Walking the Streets of Theatre Royal, 150 London (Gay), 130, 162 theft, 241 Tunbridge Wells spa, 366 Thomason, George, 146 Turk’s Head Tavern, 198 Thompson, E. P., 270 Turpin, Dick, 243, 244 Thornhill, Sir James, 157, 330, 341–342, Tutchin, John, 172 347 Twelfth Night, 209 Threadneedle Street, 46 Tyers, Jonathan, 202, 361 Three Choirs Festival, 366 Tyler, Wat, 18 Throckmorton, Elizabeth, 43 typhus, 51

412 Index

Tyrconnel, John Brownlow, ﬁrst watchmakers, 67–68 Viscount, 335–336 watchmen, 253–254 Water Music (Handel), 155 Upper Pool, 39 water supply Great Conduit, 47 vagrancy, 52, 228 lack of sanitation, 336 Vagrancy Act 1547, 228 Waterhouse, Edmund, 320 Vansittart, Peter, 91 The Wealth of Nations (Smith), 366–367 Vaughn, William, 192 weavers, economic riots and, 275–276 Vauxhall Gardens, 201–202, 360–62 Wedgewood, Sir Josiah, 99, 352 Venner, Thomas, 293–294 The Weekely Newes, 165 Venner’s Rebellion, 282 Weelkes, Thomas, 45 Vernatti, John, 130 Weill, Kurt, 243 Verrio, Antonio, 69, 148 Welch, Saunders, 208 vestries, 126–127 Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of, Victoria and Albert Museum, 366 342 Vikings, occupation of London, 15–16 Wesley, Samuel, 177 Viner, Sir Robert, 91 Wessex dynasty, 15–16 Viner, Sir Thomas, 91 West End, 34–35, 55, 345–353 Virginia Company, 84–85 Westminster, 128–129 Visscher, Claes, 36, 144 Westminster Abbey, 36, 59–63, 358–360 visual arts, 137–148 Westminster Bridge, 360, 362–363 Vox Populi, Vox Dei, 172 Westminster Hall, 61–62 Westminster Hospital, 220, 236 wages, 68, 221 Westminster Paving Act 1762, 131 Waller, Maureen, 27 Westminster Palace, 52, 62, 103, 276, 287, Walpole, Horace, 67, 197, 362 289, 358 Walpole, Sir Robert, 26 Westminster School, 344 clubs and, 186, 199 Whig Junto, 199 employ of writers, 156, 173 Whigs, 25 political corruption and, 250–251 civic government and, 125, 127 Riot Act and, 307 festive calendar, 213–214 Stanhope-Sunderland administration, formation of, 297–298 fall of, 93 George I, King, accession of, 306 Treasury, role of in, 119–120 press and, 173 Walsingham, Sir Francis, 43 Whit Sunday, 210 Walworth, William, 20 Whitbread, Samuel, 193 War of the Austrian Succession, 26 White, Rev. Thomas, 140 War of the Spanish Succession, 26, 304 Whitefriars Monastery, 53 Ward, Ned, 162, 326, 340 Whitehall Palace, 36, 56–59, 136–137 wardmote, 124 White’s Chocolate House, 197 Wars of the Roses, 20 Whitsun Week, 210

Index 413

Whittington, Dick, 8–9 wool, export, 83–84 Whittington, Sir William, 9 Worcester, Edward Somerset, Earl of, Wild, Jonathan, 243–244, 248–250, 255 143 Wilkes, John, 276 Worde, Wynkyn de, 53, 60 William I (the Conqueror), King, 16–17, Wordsworth, William, 362 152 workhouses, 52, 230–231 William II, King, 61 Wren, Sir Christopher, 51, 148–149, 326, William III, of Orange, King, 25, 152, 282, 328–331 301–303 Wrigley, E. A., 99 Will’s coffeehouse, 197 Wyatt, Sir Thomas, 53, 283 Winchester geese, 37 Wycherley, William, 149 Winchester, William Paulet, Marquess of, 207 xenophobia, riots and, 278–279 wine, 190 Wise, Henry, 184 yeomanry, 5–6 Wissing, Willem, 152 York, 4 Wolsey, Thomas, Cardinal, 58 York, Edward, Duke of.SeeEdward IV women York House, 344 employment, 76–77 York Place, 58 opportunities in London, 10 Young, Mary, 247 Woodley, Richard, 274 Your Five Gallants (Middleton), 144