National Park Service Park News U.S. Department of the Interior

The Official Newspaper of Maritime National Historical Park The Maritime News March, April, May 2009 Asians In the Canning Industry

Welcome

Spring brings more than flowers to National Parks – it’s when a whole new season of programming beings. In April, park rangers will start raising sail on the 1891 Alma for three-hour interpretive programs on SF Bay. In May, the park honors Asian Pacific American Heritage Month with tours of Balclutha and the replica San Fran- cisco junk Grace Quan. And research- ers can now get a tantalizing glimpse of tugboat history in a newly acquired park collection: two ledgers detailing San Francisco steam tug operations from 1908-1913.

Spring also brings the park’s Teacher- to-Ranger-to-Teacher program. San Francisco teachers can receive a sti- pend to work as a Park Ranger during this eight-week program, and help us make stewardship bloom in a new generation. If you’re a teacher, and would like to join our crew this sum- mer, call 415-561-7170 to apply by April 24.

Please don’t forget to visit during our new “first Sunday free” program. n 1870, the first gang of Chinese salmon cannery hands Yet overall, the skill and reliability of the Chinese work force was On the first Sunday of each month helped pack the season’s catch at the Hume brother’s can- recognized as being essential to the growing industry, and the admission to the park’s historic fleet nery on the Columbia River. This was the beginning of the wages were comparable to other opportunities open to the Chi- is waived, and the park’s maritime almost exclusive use of Asian immigrant workers through- nese immigrants. Following the Exclusion Act of 1882, which out- research library is open all day. Bring the family down outI the West Coast salmon industry. Beginning with the Chinese, lawed new Chinese immigration, the older generation of skilled to the park and then the Japanese, and finally the Filipinos, the work of cleaning, workers was very highly valued within the cannery workforce. help us welcome butchering, filling, and cooking in the salmon canneries was done our 1886 square- by gangs of Asian immigrants. After 1885, as the effects of the Exclusion Act began to be felt, the rigger Balclutha Japanese government opened immigration to its citizens, and a back from her We at San Francisco Maritime are particularly concerned with wave of Japanese workers arrived to partially fill the void in the winter drydock! these cannery gangs because our ship Balclutha carried Asian cannery workforce. Working initially under the old Chinese Kate Richardson workers north from San Francisco to each year between contractors, the Japanese newcomers gradually found acceptance, Superintendent 1905 and 1930. As many as 100 men were housed in the forward and enterprising individuals rose to become foremen, and finally end of the ’tweendeck, an area known as “Chinatown.” A por- independent labor contractors. The Japanese never fully displaced tion of this area has been refurbished and is part of the “Cargo Is the old Chinese hierarchy, but they came to form a significant As we celebrate Asian Pacific American King” exhibit located in the ’tweendeck. percentage of the workforce. Heritage Month in May, we do well By the time our ship entered the salmon canning business, the The last major wave of Asian immigrants to join the cannery gangs to recall the contributions of these pattern of labor management was well established. Cannery gangs were the Filipinos, who arrived in significant numbers begin- generations of hard-working immi- were recruited and managed by independent labor contractors, ning in the early 1920s. Changes to the immigration laws in 1921 grants to the salmon packing industry. who were paid for the season on the basis of the number of cases and 1924 barred most Japanese, but the Filipinos were American An excellent treatment of this story can packed. Almost from the beginning, these contractors were them- subjects, with free access to the nation’s labor market. By the later be found in Organizing Asian Ameri- selves Chinese. years of the 1920s, the Filipinos became an important element in can Labor: The Pacific Coast Canned- the mix, particularly in the gangs sailing out of Seattle, which by Salmon Industry, by Chris Friday, Chinese workers immediately proved themselves to be well suited that time rivaled San Francisco as a supply point for the Alaskan Temple University Press, Philadelphia, to salmon cannery work. They brought physical deftness and salmon industry. Again, some of these “” worked their 1994. This book is available at the park discipline that was grudgingly admired, even given the anti-Asian way into the ranks of contractors, continuing the old patterns of library. For library information, see tenor of the times. The development of the canning industry, labor management. page three. beginning on the Columbia River, spreading to Puget Sound, and finally to Alaska, was based on the work of Chinese immigrant The old system of contract labor began to come apart in the first By Stephen Canright, Park Curator, gangs. half of the 1930s. The newly formed Alaska Cannery Workers Maritime History Union at San Francisco was able to force the investigation and The labor contractor was seen as an essential bridge between the finally the criminal conviction of a notoriously corrupt con- Photo, top: Chinese workers unloading Chinese crews and the cannery managers. Most of the Chinese tracting firm in 1934. A separate organizing effort at Seattle was rice packaged in matting from a wagon. spoke little or no English, and worked under the supervision of a spearheaded by Filipino workers, and the Cannery Workers and The goods were then loading on to the Chinese-speaking foreman. This system had obvious potential for Farm Laborers Union was established at about the same time. The sailing vessel adjacent to the dock. The abuse. The labor contractors were responsible for recruitment, assassination of two union officials in 1936 helped to galvanize photo was taken in San Francisco during provisioning, establishing working conditions, and setting pay support for the Seattle union, which finally included workers of all April 1906. On May 3 and 10, the pro- scales for their gangs, all without oversight by the cannery own- ethnic backgrounds. Union representation for the cannery work- gram “Chinese Cannery Workers” will be ers. The system was open to kickbacks, favoritism, inadequate ers was finally won in 1938, and the two separate unions ultimate- presented on Balclutha. See page three. provisions and living conditions, and to the blacklisting of anyone ly united as the Alaska Cannery Workers Union. A12.24365 NPS Photo who complained.

1 Asians In the 2 The Red 4 Decode a Salmon Canning Industry…1 Stack Tugboat Signal Flag Superintendent’s Message…1 Salmon Canning Visitor Information…2

Industry Ledgers Message Tugboat Ledgers…2

We celebrate Asian Pacific American Park acquires two volumes covering How did ships at sea communicate Events and Programs…3 Heritage Month during May and remem- operations of the company’s steam with each other before radios and Activity Page for Kids…4 ber the hard-working Asian immigrants tugs between 1908 and 1913. phones were invented? in the salmon canning industry. Park Map…4

Today in the Park...4 ...... mally billed at a daily rate of $200. While in the Bay, between her outside trips, the Her- National Park Service Collections cules did ship assistance work, including U.S. Department of the Interior a tow of the Star of Alaska, another name for our own Balclutha, from Butchertown, Corner near Hunters Point, to China Basin, in October 1911, earning herself $30. San Francisco Maritime The park has recently acquired two very National Historical Park interesting ledger books produced by For anyone interested in the operation of a the Shipowners and Merchants Tugboat tugboat fleet during the early 20th century, Established in 1988, San Francisco Company of San Francisco, the old “Red the ledgers offer a tantalizing glimpse Maritime National Historical Park Stack” line. The two volumes cover the of the business. Red Stack was running encompasses only 34 acres, but contains operations of the Company’s steam tugs eleven boats during most of this period. the most national historic landmarks of between 1908 and 1913, recording each The record of the vessels towed or assisted, any unit in the National Park Service. job undertaken by each boat, and what shifted among the multitude of ports, In addition to the fleet of ships at Hyde was earned for the job. The information piers, and anchoring grounds around the Street Pier, the park includes the Aquatic contained in these volumes is of particular Bay, gives us a detailed snapshot of the Park Historic Landmark District (Bath- interest to the park because, during this complex web of maritime commerce dur- house building, urban beach, lawn area period, Red Stack owned and operated the ing the period, and would certainly reward and bocce ball courts), a Visitor Center tug Hercules, now a treasured part of our the closest examination. and a research library (in Fort Mason historic fleet. The Red Stack Tugboat Ledgers showing a By Stephen Canright, Park Curator, Center). page from the volume covering 1908-1909. Built at Camden, New Jersey in 1907, the Maritime History NPS Photo Superintendent Hercules was the newest, the largest, and Kate Richardson the most powerful of the Red Stack boats. Oil of California for the towage of their The ledgers give us a look, in detail, at just tank barges from San Luis Obispo to their Chief of Interpretation what the Hercules was doing during these refinery at Point Richmond. In the ledger Marc Hayman early years of her career. Much of this is column for receipts for many of these tows Youth Boat new information. Our best source previ- is the abbreviation “incl,” apparently indi- Public Affairs Officer ously on her early operations is a personal cating that the cost of the tow was “includ- Lynn Cullivan log book kept by the boat’s first Captain, ed” under a regular agreement. Hercules Building Daniel G. “Smokestack” Thomsen, cover- also towed oil barges for Associated Oil Editor ing the period from January 1908 to July from Monterey to Martinez, most of them 1909, including her maiden voyage from Program Christine Baird iron or steel sailing ship hulls converted to New Jersey to San Francisco by way of tank carriers. She also towed Union Oil’s Mailing Address the Straits of Magellan. The new ledgers, wooden-hulled barkentine Fullerton. As Building E, Fort Mason Center therefore, overlap in time with Thomsen’s one of the earliest oil-fired steamers to op- San Francisco, CA 94123 log, and, for this period, add only limited erate on the West Coast, the Hercules was new material. The later of the two vol- intimately involved from the beginning in Fax Number umes, covering the period 1911 to 1913, is the petroleum business. 415-556-1624 all new information. The ledgers also indicate that Hercules The Hercules, throughout her career with made a number of trips towing Benson Park Information Red Stack, was primarily an “outside” log rafts from the Columbia River to San 415-447-5000 boat, making long coastal or even deep- Diego. These massive cigar-shaped rafts, ocean tows. She was often gone for weeks Contributors to Volume 24: Tim Camp- comprising some 6,000,000 board feet of bell, Stephen Canright, Lynn Cullivan, MJ at a time, venturing as far afield as Tahiti, Douglas fir timber, would require about 15 Harris, Amy Hosa, and Brendan Wilson. and routinely making trips to Hawaii. days of steaming at three knots. The tug also did several trips with dredges for port The bread and butter of her work was in The Maritime News March, April, May improvement projects from Puget Sound 2009 Volume No. 24. the rapidly expanding oil transport busi- to the Hawaiian Isles. These jobs were nor- ness. Red Stack contracted with Standard

Teachers: Be a National Park Ranger This Summer With a splash, and cheers from the crowd, As a teacher at Carver Elementary School then work for eight weeks from June 15 the newest boat built by high school in San Francisco, Michelle Irwin contin- through August 14, 2009. In the fall, bring students in the Youth Boat Building Pro- ued to pursue her love of the outdoors, your experience back to the classroom to gram at San Francisco Maritime National taking her kids camping and fostering a share with your students. Historical Park was launched, celebrating distant dream to one day be a park ranger. another successful program. The wooden, Teachers receive a $600 per week stipend, Well, last summer the dream became 17-foot Goat Island Skiff, was built by 24 uniform, and a week of training conducted a reality when Michelle donned a NPS students from Downtown High School on at the park. Teacher-Rangers will have the uniform and worked as a park ranger on Potrero Hill. Park Superintendent Kate opportunity to get involved in a variety of Hyde Street Pier in the Teacher to Ranger Richardson was on hand to help launch the activities including outreach efforts, writ- to Teacher (TRT) program. skiff. In lieu of champagne, sparkling cider ing and reviewing curriculum, conducting was enjoyed by all. The eighth year of this Michelle conducted interpretive pro- interpretive programs, and staffing the very successful program begins this spring grams, worked in the Visitor Center, and Visitor Center information desk. NPS Photo with groups from Downtown High School, developed a PowerPoint program. Using the Tall Ship Education Academy, and Girl version at the park last February during The application deadline is April 24, 2009. existing research, combined with her own Scouts Save the Bay building boats. The Black History Month. According to Mi- For information and an application, please studies in the park’s library, Michelle cre- next launch will be on Thursday, April chelle, “Why put aside that dream of being call Park Ranger John Cunnane at 415-561- ated a photographic and historical tour 2nd. Come down to the park and see boat- a park ranger when you can actualize it?” 7170; [email protected]. of the history of the Underground Rail building in action! For more information Photo, above: Michelle Irwin, in the green jacket, Road in San Francisco. She has presented Help the National Park Service foster about Youth Boat Building, please contact a modified version of the program to fifth helping to raise a sail on the scow schooner Alma. stewardship for new and diverse genera- Sailing on the Alma is included in the week of MJ Harris at [email protected] or graders at Carver Elementary and the full tions of Americans. Receive training and training. call 415-215-6291. Photo: Barb Wingo

...... Visitor Information

Dates and Hours of Operation: Maritime Library, on the third floor Boarding Pass (Entrance Fee for Contact Information Hyde Street Pier, located at Hyde and Jef- of Bldg. E in Fort Mason Center (auto Historic Vessels): $5 General Park Information: 415-447-5000 ferson Streets, is open 9:30a m to 5:00p m entrance at Buchanan Street and Marina Free for supervised children under 16. Free Maritime Store: 415-775-2665 (Last pier entry at 4:30p m .) Blvd), is open to the public by appoint- with Federal Interagency Annual, Senior, Maritime Library: 415-561-7030 ment: Monday – Friday (1p m – 4 p m ), and the and Access Passes, and San Francisco Mari- USS Pampanito: 415-775-1943 time NHP Annual Pass. Visitor Center, located at the corner of 1st Sunday of the month (10a m – 4 p m ). Call Park Website: www.nps.gov/safr Hyde and Jefferson Streets, is open 9:30a m 415-561-7030. No-Fee Areas Association Website: www.maritime.org to 5:00p m . Visitor Center, Hyde Street Pier, Aquatic Reservations/Permits Park Historic Landmark District, and the Aquatic Park Bathhouse Building, located Accessibility Information Reservations for school groups and other Maritime Library (Fort Mason Center). on Beach Street at the foot of Polk Street. The Programs in the Visitor Center, on Hyde educational groups must be made at least building was closed in July 2006 for renova- Street Pier, and in the library are accessible. two weeks prior to your visit, call 415-561- tion. The Senior Center, located in the build- Accessibility to programs on the ships varies. 6662, ext. 30. Special Use Permits require at The Maritime News is printed on least a one month notice and application. ing, remains open. For scheduled building For detailed information, please call the Visi- recycled paper using soy-based Filming permits are arranged on an indi- tours, call the Visitor Center, 415-447-5000. tor Center, 415-447-5000, or http://www. nps.gov/safr/planyourvisit/accessibility.htm. inks. Please recycle it again. vidual basis, call 415-561-7170.

2 Maritime News Music, Tours, Events, Lectures and Living History

communicated with the crew down below music programs in the engine room. Help them use the voice tubes, bell and jingle system, and historic waterfront walking tour: Chantey Sing engine order telegraph. J Saturdays, March 7, April 4 and May 2, 8p m - from to national park Saturdays and Sundays, March, April, and m i d n i g h t . Free. Aboard a historic vessel at Hercules Engineering Tour May, 10:30-11:30a m . Meet in the Argonaut Hyde Street Pier. Reservations required: call Saturdays, March 14, April 11, and Hotel lobby (495 Jefferson St.), adjacent to the 415-561-7171 or email [email protected]. May 23, 3p m . Meet at the gangway on the Visitor Center. Free. Sing traditional working songs aboard a Pier. Vessel admission (under 16 free). Tour Stroll with a Park Ranger to discover the historic floating vessel. Bring a mug for hot includes climbing moderately steep history of this vibrant area on a walking tour cider served from the ship’s galley. ladders and entering cramped spaces. through the Aquatic Park Historic District, Explore the major engineering spaces and the Cannery, Hyde Street Pier, and “ learn about steam engine technology and its Music of the Sea for Kids Alley” at Fisherman’s Wharf. The tour covers effects on the working environment of the Saturdays, March 21, April 18 and May 16, about a mile, with some gently sloping and marine steam engineer. 3p m . Aboard Eureka at Hyde Street Pier. Vessel uneven terrain. Dress in layers, wear sun- go sailing this spring aboard admission (under 16 free). screen, and walking shoes. J secrets of the birds the historic schooner Alma History comes alive for kids in this special Sundays, April 19 and 26, 9:30a m –11:30a m . Feel the waves, breathe the salt air, and guided tour of the 1939 aquatic program, where the songs are geared for Meet at the Hyde Street Pier entrance. Free. take in dazzling views while park rangers park bathhouse building younger ears and chosen especially for fun. The lives of birds can seem secretive until tell stories about waterfront history. The Thursdays and Saturdays, March, April, and Ages 7 and up. J we observe their behavior closely. On this first sail of the season is Saturday, April 14. May. Tour begins at 11:00a m . Meet at the beginner’s walk around Aquatic Park, join Alma will sail most Saturdays, and some entrance to the Bathhouse Building (Maritime Ranger Carol Kiser to identify birds and Thursdays, through the spring, summer and Museum), 900 Beach Street, at the foot of Polk WOMEN’S enter their unique world. Dress in layers, fall. Call 415-447-5000 for specific dates. Street. Free. wear sunblock, and bring binoculars and Tickets prices are $35 for adults, $30 for history month Join a Park Ranger for a tour of the first floor bird books if you have them. J seniors, and $20 for children ages six to of this newly restored Works Progress Admin- 15. Children age five or under ride for free exhibit: women who changed istration-era building. Learn about the unique of hyde street pier but must be accompanied by an adult. The architecture, the stunning murals and artwork, maritime history Saturdays, March 7 (3p m ), and March 28 three-hour program departs promptly and the recently completed renovation work. Daily, throughout March. In the Visitor (10:15a m ); April 4 and 18 (3p m ); May 9 and from Hyde Street Pier at 12:30 pm and the Center, 9:30a m t o 4:45p m . Free. 16 (10:15a m ). Meet at the end of Hyde Street program ends at 4 pm. Ticket sales help Photo exhibition illustrating the often crafts for kids Pier. Free. fund other interpretive programs at San overlooked impact women have had on Saturdays, March 28, April 25, and May 30, 3p m . Come experience and observe a whole dif- Francisco Maritime National Historical maritime history. Meet at the entrance to Hyde Street Pier. Free. ferent world you might not realize exists at Park. For more information, please call Hey kids, want to learn a little about life at Hyde Street Pier. J 415-447-5000. sea and make a cool maritime craft? Come suffragette march on down to the pier and join us! J and ladies salon SMALL CRAFT ON HYDE STREET PIER In the Library Saturday, March 14, No o n and 3p m . In the Saturdays, March 28, April 25, and May 2, lifesaving at the golden gate Programs are held in the Maritime Library, 3p m –3:45p m . Meet at the Small Boat Shop. Ark houseboat and Hyde Street Pier. Free. Building E, Fort Mason Center. Fee: $5 ($4 Li- Sundays, March 22, April 5, and May 24, Free. Turn back the clock to 1901 and experience brary friends and SFMNPA) For reservations 3p m -3:45p m . Meet in the Visitor Center. Free. Join a Park Ranger for a special tour of the a costumed living history reenactment of call 415-561-7040 or melani_van_petten@ In San Francisco’s maritime heydey, count- unique collection of small craft berthed at a suffragette march in support of votes for partner.nps.gov. less lives were saved by the brave men of Hyde Street Pier’s floating docks. women. At 2p m , join a salon of Victorian the Lifesaving Service. Join us at the Visitor The library is open the first Sunday of the women as they discuss issues ranging from Center exhibit and view the tools of the SMALL CRAFT COLLECTION TOUR month from 10a m - 5p m , and by appoint- corsetry to voting rights. Come voice your trade while learning about the Lifesaving Saturday, April 25, 9:30a m –2:30p m . Meet ment Monday - Friday, 1p m - 4p m . Immedi- opinion! J Service. J at the Small Boat Shop. Free. Reservations ate appointments usually available, call required; call the Boat Shop at 415-556-4031. women at sea 415-561-7030. lighthouses of san francico bay Bring a bag lunch and ride with us to our Sundays, March 15 and 29, 3p m - 3:45p m . Sundays, March 15, April 19, and May 17, small craft warehouse in Alameda. We’ll Gold Rush Port Aboard Balclutha at Hyde Street Pier. Vessel 1:15p m and 3:15p m . Meet in the Visitor tour the collection of nearly 100 historic Saturday, March 28, 6p m . admission (under 16 free). Center. Free. boats, talking about history, design and Drawing on excavations in buried ships During the Age of Sail, the feminine pres- Join Volunteer Warren Riley for a program construction. and collapsed buildings from the Gold ence was not part of a ship’s crew. However, on the role of lighthouses in the develop- MODELERS’ WORKSHOP Rush period, maritime archeologist James at times the captain would bring along his ment of San Francisco. J Saturdays, open throughout the spring, P. Delgado re-creates San Francisco’s wife and daughters, which created a fam- unique maritime landscape. Eureka Engine Room Tour 9:30a m –4:30p m . On the car of the ily atmosphere. Examine family life at sea Sundays, March 8, April 12, and May 31, Eureka. Vessel admission. on this ranger-guided tour through the taking the sea 3p m . Meet on Eureka’s gangway. Vessel Membership in the Hyde Street Pier Model Balclutha. J Sunday, April 5, 5p m . admission (under 16 free). Shipwrights club is open to anyone inter- Maritime historian Dennis Powers will Take a special tour of the ferryboat ested in building ship models. Members discuss his new book, Taking the Sea, Eureka’s engine room and get a close-up build their own models and also work on about ship salvaging, and Captain Thomas ASIAN PACIFIC look at what makes a steam ferry run. a unique model of the Freda, the oldest active sloop on the West Coast. Modeling Whitelaw, a hard-hat diver in 1860s San AMERICAN Francisco who went on to found a marine- stand by to answer bells techniques are demonstrated. For infor- salvage empire. HERITAGE MONTH Saturdays, March 21, April 18, and May mation, call the park’s Volunteer Office at 9, 3p m . Meet at Hercules’s gangway on the 415-556-1613. chinese cannery workers surviving cape horners Pier. Vessel admission (under 16 free). Tour Sundays, May 3 and 10, 3:00p m . Meet on Sunday, May 3, 5p m . includes climbing steep ladders. Join historian Ted Miles and learn about Balclutha’s main deck at Hyde Street Pier. Park Rangers will demonstrate how the Costumed a group of square-rigged ships that had a Vessel admission (under 16 free). captain atop the boat in the pilothouse On this walking tour of Balclutha, you will Living History human-like will to survive. learn about the lives and cultural contribu- A Day in the Life: 1901 tions of Chinese laborers who sailed from Saturdays, March 8, April 12 and May 10, San Francisco to Alaska (in less than luxuri- Join the 10a m -4p m . Aboard the historic vessels at Hyde ous conditions) for the great salmon runs. J Friends Street Pier. Vessel admission. of the Step into the past as you board our historic chinese shrimp junk grace quan San Fran- ships and meet the sailors and citizens of raises sail cisco Maritime Museum Library and help SF’s waterfront. Enjoy musical fun aboard Saturdays, May 9 and 30, 11:30a m . Meet on support the J. Porter Shaw Library at San Balclutha during the sailors’ afternoon Hyde Street Pier. Free. Francisco Maritime National Historical “dogwatch.” Learn about life in 1901 from Grace Quan is a replica of a 19th century San Park. The Friends welcome members who the ferryboat passengers on Eureka, or Francisco shrimp junk. Learn about the his- are interested in maritime books, photos, join Mrs. Galan on the Ark houseboat for tory of shrimp fishery on the Bay and watch oral histories and maritime lore. Mem- afternoon tea to discuss issues of the day. her sail being raised. Come aboard and haul bership includes reduced admission to In March, take part in a suffragette march a net, explore the crew’s cabin, and take a Friends’ events, free admission to the Pier, for women’s rights. In April, learn about turn at the tiller. J and discounts on book, photo, and vessel maritime arts and crafts during “Make plan purchases at the library and the Hyde and Mend.” May’s special event is a reen- Street Pier Store. To contact the Friends, actment of President McKinley’s visit to J fUN FOR FAMILIES PROGRAM call 415-561-7040. San Francisco in 1901. J

Maritime News 3 Today In The Park Music of the Sea for Kids Lifesaving at the Golden Gate Chantey Sing 22 Lifesaving at the Golden Gate Taking the Sea Modelmaking Workshop open MARCH 28 Animals of Hyde Street Pier 11 Costumed Living History on Saturdays 1 Free First Sunday Crafts for Kids Hercules Engineering Tour 3 Free First Sunday Historic Waterfront Walking Tour Small Craft on Hyde Street Pier 12 Eureka Engine Room Tour Historic Waterfront Walking Tour (every Sunday) Gold Rush Port 18 Animals of Hyde Street Pier (every Sunday) 5 Bathhouse Building Tour 29 Women at Sea Music of the Sea for Kids Small Craft on Hyde Street Pier Stand By to Answer Bells Surviving Cape Horners (every Thursday) APRIL 7 Historic Waterfront Walking Tour 19 Secrets of the Birds 7 Bathhouse Building Tour (every Saturday) 2 Bathhouse Building Tour Lighthouses of SF Bay (every Thursday) Bathhouse Building Tour (every Thursday) 25 Crafts for Kids 9 Grace Quan Raises Sail (every Saturday) 4 Historic Waterfront Walking Tour Small Boat Shop Collection Tour Costumed Living History Animals of Hyde Street Pier (every Saturday) Small Craft on Hyde Street Pier Animals of Hyde Street Pier Chantey Sing Bathhouse Building Tour Junior Ranger Day Stand By to Answer Bells Modelmaking Workshop open (every Saturday) 26 Secrets of the Birds 10 Chinese Cannery Workers Animals of Hyde Street Pier 16 Animals of Hyde Street Pier on Saturdays MAY 8 Eureka Engine Room Tour Chantey Sing Music of the Sea for Kids 14 Costumed Living History Modelmaking Workshop open 2 Historic Waterfront Walking Tour 17 Lighthouses of SF Bay Hercules Engineering Tour on Saturdays (every Saturday) 23 Hercules Engineering Tour 15 Lighthouses of SF Bay 5 Free First Sunday Bathhouse Building Tour 24 Lifesaving at the Golden Gate Women at Sea Historic Waterfront Walking Tour (every Saturday) 30 Grace Quan Raises Sail Crafts for Kids 21 Stand By to Answer Bells (every Sunday) Small Craft on Hyde Street Pier 31 Eureka Engine Room Tour Activity Page for Kids

often that captains only have to fly one Can you HEAR me flag. For example, when the flag for now? Or rather, can A (Alpha) flies alone it means “Diver Down,” that a scuba diver is under- you SEE me now? water near the ship. The Z means “I Require a Tug.” The ten pennants Communication is very important at represent numbers (0-9). Finally there sea. Do you know how ships commu- is one answering pennant and three nicate today? Radios? Satellite phones? repeaters used for longer messages. What if those things are broken? What if the people on the other ship do not The number of flags used can also have speak the same language as you? What meaning. A group of code flags are can you do? called a signal. One flag signals (like “Diver Down”) are urgent or common Have you ever seen a ship flying lots messages. Five flags signals tell time of colorful flags? They are not just for and position. Signals can contain up decoration, they also have a purpose! to seven flags. When you read the code You can cut out and keep the code chart so you too can read They are the International Code Flags these signals do not spell words, but signals. You could also make your own set of flags to send and Pendants. Seafaring nations have sailors either know the signal or can messages! Use the code chart to decode this message. agreed on the code, so ships from look it up. different countries who speak differ- ent languages have a common way It is hard to see some colors at sea, so to “talk” while at sea or with people the flags are only: red, blue, yellow, on shore. The British created the black, and white. To be seen clearly, first international code in 1855. It has some colors cannot be matched with changed over the years. Naval officers other colors. Look at the flags. Can you can give orders. Merchant captains figure out which colors work the best can talk to tugboats or send messages together? to passing vessels. They can commu- Sometimes the captain of a big sailing nicate. vessel would bring along his family on There are twenty-six flags and ten a voyage. He would often give his kids pennants. Can you guess why? Each the job of organizing and working with flag represents a letter of the alphabet the signal flags. Signal flags are used to and has a name that begins with that call for help, to warn others of dangers, letter. It’s called the phonetic alphabet. and pass on other important messages. You may have heard soldiers use it in Would you like that job? It’s an impor- movies. For example A is Alpha and tant job because you would be helping Z is Zulu. Some messages are used so the ship to communicate. Kids’ Page by Brendan Wilson, Park Guide

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4 Maritime News EXPERIENCE YOUR AMERICA