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Cooperation for Regional Growth and Development in the Värmland Region 1998-2008

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Cooperation for Regional Growth and Development in the Värmland Region 1998-2008 Faculty of Social and Life Sciences Department of Historical and Political Studies Line Säll Cooperation for Regional Growth and Development in the Värmland Region 1998-2008 -With a Triple Helix Approach D-essay Political Science Date/Term: Spring Semester 2008 Supervisor: Susan Marton Examiner: Curt Räftegård Karlstads universitet 651 88 Karlstad Tfn 054-700 10 00 Fax 054-700 14 60 [email protected] www.kau.se ABSTRACT Thesis in political science, D-level, by Line Säll, Spring Semester 2008. Tutor: Susan Marton. ”Cooperation for Regional Growth and Development in the Värmland Region 1998- 2008 – With a Triple Helix Approach” In spite of Sweden´s lack of formal regions, the country is evolving towards regional administrations. The regional level are to a growing extent viewed as important bases for economic growth and development. The concept of the triple helix implies that interactions between the public sector, the industry and universities is a source to economic and social development. Research has though implied that the interaction between the triple helix actors could be problematic from a multi-level governance perspective. It has been shown that since the institutional setting is horizontal and vertical fragmented, cooperation between different institutions and actors becomes difficult. In year 2005-2006 the Värmland region was one of fourteen regions in twelve countries that was included in a OECD project, that was a response to the multiplicity of initiatives across the OECD countries concerning regional development. In the report that evolved from the project actors in Värmland was recommended to improve the cooperation concerning regional development in the county. This thesis investigates the cooperation between the triple helix actors for regional growth and development in the Värmland region 1998-2008. My reserach questions are: Is there evidence of a lack of cooperation between the university, the public sector and the industrial actors in Värmland? And if this is the case, could these problems be related to the fragmentation of the institutional setting? The thesis is an qualitative case study, conducted through elite-interviews and document analysis. My findings implies that the cooperation between the triple helix actors in Värmland has developed dramatically the last decade. From a strive for coordination that was pervaded by institutional fragmentation to an increased closeness and mutual involvement that has come to over-bride the institutional fragmentation on the regional level. Although, it seems like the vertical fragmentation between the regional and national level, which could impede growth and development in the region, to a great degree remains. Keywords: Triple helix, Multi-level governance, Cooperation, Innovations, Region Värmland, Regional growth and development, Regional growth agreements, Regional growth programmes, Regional development programmes, 2 THANKS! To all the persons that made my work possible! Thanks to the interviewees that that took time to speak to me. Thanks to my tutor Susan Marton for your wise advices and contributions. And, thanks to my family and friends for your support. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES.................................................................................................................... 5 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... 5 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................. 6 1.1 CHOICE OF SUBJECT AND RESEARCH ISSUE................................................................................................... 6 1.2 PURPOSE AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS ........................................................................................................... 9 1.2.1 Research Questions......................................................................................................................... 10 1.3 PREVIOUS RESEARCH .................................................................................................................................. 10 1.4 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................. 13 1.4.1 Sweden and its Regional Politics.................................................................................................... 13 1.4.2 Region Värmland................................................................................................................................ 15 1.5 DISPOSITION................................................................................................................................................ 18 2. THEORETICAL CONNECTIONS .............................................................................................................. 20 2.1 REGIONAL GROWTH.................................................................................................................................... 20 2.2 THE CONCEPT OF THE TRIPLE HELIX........................................................................................................... 21 2.2.1 A Matrix for Analysis of Regional Development Processes ............................................................... 24 2.3 PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH TRIPLE HELIX – MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE............................................. 26 2.3.1 Different Forms of Cooperation ......................................................................................................... 27 3. METHOD ........................................................................................................................................................ 29 3.1 SPECIFICATION OF PROBLEM AND DELIMITATIONS ..................................................................................... 29 3.1.1 Specific Research Questions............................................................................................................... 29 3.2 METHOD FOR COLLECTION OF DATA .......................................................................................................... 30 3.2.1 Collection of Data .............................................................................................................................. 30 3.2.1.1 The Interviewed............................................................................................................................................ 33 3.3 METHOD FOR ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................................. 35 3.4 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY ....................................................................................................................... 35 4. EMPIRICAL FINDINGS............................................................................................................................... 38 4.1 THE REGIONAL GROWTH AGREEMENTS...................................................................................................... 39 4.1.1 The Intent of the Government with the Regional Growth Agreements ............................................... 39 4.1.2 The Regional Growth Agreement in Värmland .................................................................................. 41 4.2 THE REGIONAL GROWTH PROGRAMMES AND THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES .................... 45 4.2.1 The Intent of the Government with the Regional Growth Programmes.............................................. 45 4.2.2 The Intent of the Government with the Regional Development Programmes..................................... 48 4.2.3 The Regional Growth Programme and the Regional Development Programme in Värmland........... 51 4.3 TRIPLE HELIX IN THE VÄRMLAND REGION – PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES .............................................. 57 5. ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................................................................... 62 5.1 THE REGIONAL GROWTH AGREEMENT ....................................................................................................... 62 5.2 THE REGIONAL GROWTH PROGRAMME AND THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ........................ 64 5.3 TRIPLE HELIX IN THE VÄRMLAND REGION –PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES............................................... 68 5.4 COOPERATION AND THE FRAGMENTATION OF THE INSTITUTIONAL SETTING .............................................. 69 6. CONCLUSION AND CONCLUDING DISCUSSION ................................................................................ 71 6.1 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................................... 71 6.2 CONCLUDING DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................................... 71 REFERENCES APPENDIX 4 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Figure 2.1 A Model of Regional Growth p. 20 Table 2.1 Knowledge based development in three phases p. 24 Table 2.2 Taxonomy of Different Types of Relationships p. 27 ABBREVIATIONS CAB County administrative board EU The European Union FoU Research and development IMHE Institutional Management in Higher Education ISA Invest in Sweden Agency ITPS Swedish Institute for Growth Policy Studies NUTEK Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth
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