IMISCOE (.) What are the special problems involved in surveying immigrant populations and RESEARCH ethnic minorities? How can we ensure adequate representation of these growing groups in general population surveys? is book is the rst to address these challenges in a systematic way. Experiences from eight Western countries, involving more than a dozen surveys, are used to explore diculties in designing these types of surveys and some of the choices made to deal with them. e rich array of cases covered gives rise to valuable lessons, from Surveying Ethnic local and national surveys, from well-funded surveys and those with limited means, and on a wide variety of topics ranging from politics to health. Surveying Ethnic Minorities and Immigrant Populations and Immigrant Minorities Ethnic Surveying Minorities and Joan Font is a senior researcher at the Institute for Advanced Social Studies (IESA), National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba. Mónica Méndez is a survey methodology specialist at the Sociological Research Centre (CIS) in Madrid. Immigrant Populations “Even survey methodologists and researchers who are not directly concerned with immigration as such will gain Methodological Challenges and from reading the book and keeping it as reference.” Howard Schuman, University of Michigan Research Strategies “is book is a must read for students and researchers who take serious the real technical and methodological challenges in surveying ethnic minorities and immigrant populations.” Marc Swyngedouw, University of Leuven (.) “An excellent review of dierent methodological challenges in survey research on migrant populations … a good introduction to survey research on migrants for researchers and students alike.” Albert Kraler, International Centre for Migration Policy Development · .. A MSTERD A M U NIVERSITY P RESS Surveying Ethnic Minorities and Immigrant Populations IMISCOE International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion in Europe The IMISCOE Research Network unites researchers from some 30 institutes specialising in studies of international migration, integration and social cohesion in Europe. What began in 2004 as a Network of Excellence sponsored by the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Commission became, as of April 2009, an independent self-funding endeavour. IMISCOE promotes integrated, multidisciplinary and globally comparative research led by scholars from various branches of the economic and social sciences, the humanities and law. The network furthers existing studies and pioneers new scholarship on migration and migrant integration. Encouraging innovative lines of inquiry key to European policymaking and governance is also a priority. The IMISCOE-Amsterdam University Press Series makes the network’s findings and results available to researchers, policymakers and practitioners, the media and other interested stakeholders. High-quality manuscripts are evaluated by external peer reviews and the IMISCOE Editorial Committee. The committee comprises the following members: Tiziana Caponio, Department of Political Studies, University of Turin / Forum for International and European Research on Immigration (FIERI), Turin, Italy Michael Collyer, Sussex Centre for Migration Research (SCMR), University of Sussex, United Kingdom Rosita Fibbi, Swiss Forum for Migration and Population Studies (SFM), University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland / Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lausanne Agata Górny, Centre of Migration Research (CMR) / Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, Poland Albert Kraler, International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), Vienna, Austria Jorge Malheiros, Centre of Geographical Studies (CEG), University of Lisbon, Portugal Marco Martiniello, National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS), Brussels / Center for Ethnic and Migration Studies (CEDEM), University of Liège, Belgium Eva Østergaard-Nielsen, Department of Political Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain Marlou Schrover, Institute for History, Leiden University, The Netherlands Patrick Simon, National Demographic Institute (INED), Paris, France Miri Song, School of Social Policy and Sociology, University of Kent, United Kingdom IMISCOE Policy Briefs and more information on the network can be found at www.imiscoe.org. Surveying Ethnic Minorities and Immigrant Populations Methodological Challenges and Research Strategies edited by Joan Font and Mónica Méndez IMISCOE Research Cover illustration: Henning Janos / Shutterstock Cover design: Studio Jan de Boer BNO, Amsterdam Layout: The DocWorkers, Almere ISBN 978 90 8964 543 2 e-ISBN 978 90 4851 918 7 (pdf) e-ISBN 978 90 4851 919 4 (ePub) NUR 741 / 763 © Joan Font and Mónica Méndez / Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam 2013 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written per- mission of both the copyright owners and the authors of the book. Table of Contents Preface 9 1 Introduction: The methodological challenges of surveying populations of immigrant origin 11 Joan Font and Mónica Méndez 1.1 The purpose of this book 11 1.2 Surveys of immigrants and immigrants in general population surveys: A diverse landscape 19 1.3 The subject, logic and plan of this book 30 PART I SAMPLING ISSUES 2 Designing high-quality surveys of ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom 45 Bob Erens 2.1 Introduction 45 2.2 Categorising the population of interest 46 2.3 Deciding which ethnic minority groups to include in a survey 48 2.4 Sampling ethnic minority groups 50 2.5 Data-collection issues 58 2.6 Conclusions 63 3 The 2007 Spanish National Immigrant Survey (ENI): Sampling from the Padrón 69 Ignacio Duque, Carlos Ballano and Carlos Pérez 3.1 Introduction 69 3.2 International migrations and the Spanish statistical system 70 3.3 Role of the ENI in supplying information on international migrations in Spain 71 3.4 Methodology 73 3.5 Analysis and results of the fieldwork 77 3.6 Final comments 80 4 Enhancing representativeness in highly dynamic settings: Lessons from the NEPIA survey 85 Sebastian Rinken 4.1 Introduction 85 4.2 Major challenges 86 4.3 Key decisions 89 4.4 Outcome measures 94 4.5 Summary and conclusions 104 PART II FIELDWORK AND RESPONSE RATES 5 The influence of interviewers’ ethnic background in a survey among Surinamese in the Netherlands 111 Anja van Heelsum 5.1 Introduction 111 5.2 Existing research on response effects and race of interviewer effects 111 5.3 Research design 119 5.4 Results 121 5.5 Conclusion 126 6 Surveying migrants and migrant associations in Stockholm 131 Gunnar Myrberg 6.1 Introduction 131 6.2 The project 132 6.3 Preparing the individual survey 132 6.4 Non-response in the individual survey 138 6.5 The associational survey 141 6.6 Concluding remarks 143 7 Comparing the response rates of autochthonous and migrant populations in nominal sampling surveys: The LOCALMULTIDEM study in Madrid 147 Laura Morales and Virginia Ros 7.1 Introduction 147 7.2 Response rates in survey research: What do we know about interviewing immigrants? 150 7.3 The context and the study 154 7.4 Comparing the response rates of migrant-background and autochthonous individuals 160 7.5 Does trying harder pay off? The success of refusal conversion and additional location attempts 162 7.6 Concluding discussion 166 8 Non-response among immigrants in Denmark 173 Mette Deding, Torben Fridberg and Vibeke Jakobsen 8.1 Introduction 173 8.2 Hypotheses linking characteristics of sample persons and interviewers with contact and cooperation 175 8.3 Population sampling of immigrants and Danes 178 8.4 Data collection 180 8.5 Response and non-response rates 181 8.6 Analyses of contact, cooperation and response 184 8.7 Challenges and strategies 187 PART III INCLUDING IMMIGRANTS IN GENERAL POPULATION SOCIAL SURVEYS 9 Immigration and general population surveys in Spain: The CIS surveys 195 Mónica Méndez, Marisa Ferreras and María Cuesta 9.1 Introduction 195 9.2 Immigrant population and CIS surveys 196 9.3 Example of a survey with a nominal probability sample: ISSP 2008 religion survey 204 9.4 Immigrant/foreign population in general population surveys: Barriers to participation 206 9.5 Concluding remarks 214 10 An evaluation of Spanish questions on the 2006 and 2008 US General Social Surveys 219 Tom W. Smith 10.1 Introduction 219 10.2 Translation of questionnaires 220 10.3 The 2006 GSS: Some data on the coverage of Hispanic population 220 10.4 Differences in socio-demographic profile of Hispanics 222 10.5 Differences in attitudes, behaviours and other non-demographic variables 224 10.6 Language effects 225 10.7 Comparability of GSS data across years 231 10.8 Conclusion 232 11 Under-representation of foreign minorities in cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys in Switzerland 241 Oliver Lipps, Francesco Laganà, Alexandre Pollien and Lavinia Gianettoni 11.1 Introduction 241 11.2 Determinants of under-representation 243 11.3 Data, methods and variables 244 11.4 Education, social class and the representation of foreign minorities 247 11.5 Analysis of representation of foreign minorities in longitudinal surveys 252 11.6 Conclusions and implications 260 CONCLUSIONS 12 Surveying immigrant populations: Methodological strategies, good practices and open questions 271 Mónica Méndez and Joan Font 12.1 Introduction 271 12.2 Deciding on the