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Liechtenstein in Figures 2021 OFFICE OF STATISTICS PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN Liechtenstein in Figures 2021 Published and distributed by Office of Statistics Äulestrasse 51 9490 Vaduz Liechtenstein T +423 236 68 76 F +423 236 69 36 [email protected] www.as.llv.li Layout Karin Knöller Picture credits Thomas Erhart, © Office of Statistics Printed by BVD Druck + Verlag AG, Schaan Copyright © Office of Statistics, January 2021 Reproduction is authorised, provided publisher is mentioned. Key A dash (-) in place of a figure indicates absolute zero. A dot (.) in place of a figure indicates that the figure is not available or has been omitted for other reasons. Table of Contents Geographical Situation 4 Environment 6 History and Constitution 8 Liechtenstein in Figures 2021 Liechtenstein Population and Housing 10 3 National Economy 16 Employment and Education 22 Agriculture 30 Goods-producing industry 32 Services-providing industry 34 Transport and Communication 38 Energy 40 Public Finance 42 Statistical Publications 46 Germany Constance Bregenz St. Gallen Zurich Vaduz Austria Switzerland Liechtenstein Chur 4 Geographical Situation In geographical terms, Liechtenstein is situated between Switzerland and Austria in the centre of the Alpine arc. With a total area of 160 km2, it is the fourth smallest country in Europe. Its western neighbour Switzerland is around 260 times larger than Liechtenstein. In the west and south, the national frontier runs alongside the Swiss cantons of St. Gal- len and Graubünden for 41 km. In the north and east, Liech- tenstein shares a 37 km long frontier with the Austrian fed- eral state of Vorarlberg. Area Total area 160 km2 100% Wooded area 67 km2 42% Agricultural area 52 km2 33% Non-productive area 24 km2 15% Settlement area 18 km2 11% Geographical limits North: 47° 16’ 14’’ north South: 47° 02’ 58’’ north West: 9° 28’ 18’’ east East: 9° 38’ 08’’ east Municipalities Area, height and population density, 2019 District/ Area Height above Population density municipality (km2) sea level (m) (inhabitants/km2) Liechtenstein 160.5 241 Upland 125.5 197 Vaduz 17.3 460 329 Triesen 26.5 512 199 Balzers 19.7 477 236 Triesenberg 29.7 886 89 Schaan 26.9 462 224 Liechtenstein in Figures 2021 Liechtenstein Planken 5.3 786 89 Lowland 35.0 400 Eschen 10.4 457 429 5 Mauren 7.5 472 587 Gamprin 6.2 468 273 Ruggell 7.4 433 314 Schellenberg 3.6 630 308 Liechtenstein is the sixth smallest country in the world by area. Dimensions 24.7 km at longest distance, 12.4 km at widest distance. Highest mountain Grauspitz: 2 599 m Lowest point Ruggeller Riet: 430 m Frontiers 41.3 km with Switzerland, 36.7 km with Austria. 6 Environment In Liechtenstein, the altitudinal vegetation zones range from the foothill to the alpine zones (430 m to 2 599 m above sea level). As a result, a wide variety of ecological systems can be found, which is reflected in a very diverse flora und fauna. Due to population growth and the associated land use, these ecological systems, as well as the animal and plant species living within them, are put under pressure. Biodiversity Threatened native species by species groups Vascular plants (1 447) (2006 data) Crustaceans (3) (2012 data) Fishes (28) (2012 data) Amphibians (10) (2011 data) Reptiles (6) (2006 data) Breeding birds (147) (2018 data) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Regionally extinct Near threatened Critically endangered Least concern Endangered Not evaluated Vulnerable Climate Despite its mountainous location, Liechtenstein’s climate can be described as mild. It is strongly influenced by the effect of the Föhn (a warm, dry downslope wind in the Alps), which lengthens the vegetation period in spring and autumn. Annual precipitation ranges from 900 to 1 200 millimetres. In the alpine region, annual precipitation can reach 1 900 millimetres. Whereas in the winter temperatures sometimes drop below minus 10 degrees Celsius, summer daytime temperatures generally fluctuate between 20 and 28 degrees. Liechtenstein in Figures 2021 Liechtenstein Greenhouse gas emissions Target 2016 2017 2018 7 Tons CO2-equivalents 188 300 197 200 204 500 203 000 Air Immissions Limit Vaduz Unit value 2018 2019 Nitrogen dioxide Micrograms per cubic meter 30 16 14 Particulate matter Micrograms per cubic meter 20 14 11 Ozone Hours > 120 μg/m3 1 404 240 Water Quality Concentrations Unit target 2018 2019 Nitrate in groundwater Milligrams per liter < 10 5.8 6.6 Nitrate in rivers Milligrams per liter < 25 3.6 7.0 Consumption per capita (incl. trade and industry) Drinking water Liters per day . 820 813 Waste Municipal waste Unit 2017 2018 2019 Total Tons 33 575 30 601 32 991 Per capita Kilograms 888 803 860 Recycling rate 66.1% 64.6% 67.3% 8 History and Constitution History 1342 Creation of the earldom of Vaduz 1396 The earldom of Vaduz becomes directly subject to the Holy Roman Emperor. 1434–37 Unification of upland (earldom of Vaduz) and low- land (domain of Schellenberg) 1699 Prince Johann Adam Andreas purchases the domain of Schellenberg; purchase of the earldom of Vaduz in 1712. 1719 Vaduz and Schellenberg become the Imperial Princi- pality of Liechtenstein. 1806 Inclusion in the Confederation of the Rhine: Liechtenstein becomes a sovereign state. 1815 Accession to the German Confederation 1852 Customs treaty with the Austrian Empire 1862 A new constitution comes into force which provides for a parliament to represent the people. 1868 Abolition of the Liechtenstein army 1919 Cancellation of the customs treaty with Austria 1921 Amendment of the constitution; democratic rights are strengthened. 1924 Customs treaty with Switzerland, introduction of the Swiss franc as the official currency. 1938 Prince Franz Josef II. becomes the first Prince to reside in Liechtenstein. 1950 Membership of the International Court of Justice at The Hague 1960 Supplementary protocol on participation in EFTA 1972 Supplementary agreement on inclusion in Switzer- land’s EC and ECSC agreements 1978 Member of the Council of Europe 1980 Currency treaty with Switzerland 1990 Liechtenstein becomes the 160th member of the UN. 1991 Member of EFTA 1995 Liechtenstein joins the EEA and the WTO. 1997 Foundation of Archdiocese of Vaduz 2003 Amendment of the constitution 2019 The Principality of Liechtenstein celebrates its 300th anniversary. Constitution Constitution The Principality is a constitutional, hereditary mo- in Figures 2021 Liechtenstein narchy on a democratic and parliamentary basis; the power of the state is embodied in the reigning 9 Prince and the people and is exercised by both par- ties under the conditions set forth in the provisions of the constitution (Article 2 of the constitution). Head of State HSH Prince Hans-Adam II. von und zu Liechtenstein succeeded Prince Franz Josef II. on 13 November 1989. On 15 August 2004, Prince Hans-Adam II. has entrusted Hereditary Prince Alois to exercise his sovereign powers as his representative. Government Five-member Government nominated by Parlia- ment and appointed by the Prince for four years. The government is the highest executive body in Liechtenstein and is organised as a Collegial Government, which is constituted by the Prime Minister and four Ministers. This Collegial Govern- ment is responsible to the highest legislative body, the Parliament, as well as to the Prince as Head of State. Parliament 25 Members of Parliament, called Landtag, elec- ted by the people for four years in universal, direct and secret elections. The district upland has 15 Members of Parliament, the district lowland has 10 Members of Parliament. The Parliament is con- vened and closed by the Prince. The elections for the mandate period 2021-2025 will be held on 7 February 2021. Courts Civil and criminal cases are heard initially by the Landgericht, at appeal by the Obergericht and at supreme court level by the Oberster Gerichtshof. Public law cases are dealt with by the Administra- tive Court and the Staatsgerichtshof. The courts are all located in Vaduz. 10 Population and Housing With a population of around 38 700 inhabitants, Liechten- stein is one of the smallest countries in Europe and the world. The population is spread over eleven municipalities. Schaan forms Liechtenstein’s largest municipality with around 6 000 inhabitants. Around 5 700 people live in the capital, Vaduz. A third of the population are foreign nationals, mainly from Switzerland, Austria, Germany and Italy. Resident population by municipalities, 2019 Resident Resident District/ population District/ population municipality as at 31.12. municipality as at 31.12. Liechtenstein 38 747 Upland 24 764 Lowland 13 983 Vaduz 5 696 Eschen 4 465 Triesen 5 277 Mauren 4 399 Balzers 4 642 Gamprin 1 690 Triesenberg 2 638 Ruggell 2 322 Schaan 6 038 Schellenberg 1 107 Planken 473 Resident population Share of foreign Inhabitants population Other Year Liechtensteiners nationalities 1901 7 531 6 419 1 112 14.8% 1911 8 693 7 343 1 350 15.5% 1921 8 841 7 845 996 11.3% 1930 9 948 8 257 1 691 17.0% 1941 11 094 9 309 1 785 16.1% 1950 13 757 11 006 2 751 20.0% in Figures 2021 Liechtenstein 1960 16 628 12 485 4 143 24.9% 1970 21 350 14 304 7 046 33.0% 11 1980 25 215 15 913 9 302 36.9% 1990 29 032 18 123 10 909 37.6% 2000 32 863 21 543 11 320 34.4% 2010 36 149 24 145 12 004 33.2% 2018 38 378 25 321 13 057 34.0% 2019 38 747 25 485 13 262 34.2% Resident population by nationality 40 000 Liechtensteiners 35 000 Other nationalities 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 19011911192119301941195019601970198019902000201020182019 Resident foreign population by nationality Switzer- Year Total land Austria Germany Italy Others 1980
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